DOCSLIB.ORG

UC Santa Cruz UC Santa Cruz Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UC Santa Cruz UC Santa Cruz Electronic Theses and Dissertations UC Santa Cruz UC Santa Cruz Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Defining the Nation in Russia’s Buffer Zone: The Politics of Birthright Citizenship in Azerbaijan, Moldova and Georgia Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6hx5p0d1 Author Tabachnik, Maxim Publication Date 2017 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ DEFINING THE NATION IN RUSSIA’S BUFFER ZONE: THE POLITICS OF BIRTHRIGHT CITIZENSHIP IN AZERBAIJAN, MOLDOVA AND GEORGIA A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in POLITICS by Maxim Tabachnik December 2017 The Dissertation of Maxim Tabachnik is approved: ________________________________ Professor Roger Schoenman, Chair _________________________________ Professor Ben Read _________________________________ Professor Eleonora Pasotti _________________________________ Professor Matt O’Hara _____________________________ Tyrus Miller Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Copyright © by Maxim Tabachnik 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page (i) Copyright Page (ii) Table of Contents (iii) List of Figures (viii) Abstract (x) Acknowledgements (xii) Introduction: Frozen Conflicts Under The Weight Of History (1) Part I. The Battle between Blood and Territory: Unanswered Questions (8) Chapter 1. Blood, Territory and the Nation: Ethnic/Civic Confusion (9) 1. Modernists and Their Critics (9) A. The Origins of the Nation: Modern or Pre-Modern? (10) B. The Un-Modernist History of Nationalism: Blood v. Territory (14) 2. Theoretical and Conceptual Hurdles (21) A. The Embattled Ethnic/Civic Dichotomy (21) B. An Ethnic/Territorial Solution (25) Chapter 2. Defining the Task at Hand (34) 1. Unanswered Questions (34) A. Citizenship in History: Between Blood and Territory (35) B. Ethnic/Territorial Dichotomy and Comparative Citizenship Studies (46) C. Ethnic/Territorial Identity in Russian, Soviet and Post-Soviet Space (53) a. Ethnic/Territorial Tension in Russian Imperial and Soviet Identity Policy (53) b. Ethnic/Territorial Citizenship Scholarship in Post-Soviet Space (PSS) (62) D. Unconditional Jus Soli: From the New World to the Human Rights Agenda (75) a. A Historical Overview (77) b. Jus Soli as a Human Right (85) 2. Defining the Task at Hand (91) A. Puzzle: Unlimited Jus Soli in New States with Frozen Territorial Conflicts (91) B. Hypothesis: Citizenship Link to Separatist Territories (92) C. Research Methodology (95) D. Research Significance (96) iii Part II. The Politics of Unlimited Jus Soli in Post-Soviet States with Jeopardized Territorial Integrity (101) Chapter 3. Citizenship Policy Legislative Timeline (101) 1: Moldova: From Conditional to Unconditional Jus Soli (103) A. Conditional Jus Soli in the 1991 Citizenship Law (104) B. Conditional Birthright Citizenship for Children of Foreigners in the 1996 Amendment (108) C. The 2000 Citizenship Law (110) D. The 2003 Dual Citizenship Amendment: The Birth of Unconditional Jus Soli (111) 2. Azerbaijan: From Unconditional to Conditional Jus Soli (115) A. Unconditional Jus Soli in the 1995 Constitution and the 1998 Citizenship Law (116) B. Implementation of Unconditional Jus Soli (1995-2014) (121) C. The 2014 Amendment Annulling Unconditional Jus Soli (129) a. General Overview (129) b. Legality Concerns (130) c. Humanitarian Concerns (133) 3. Georgia: Jus Soli Aversion (134) A. The 1993 Citizenship Law (135) B. The 2004 Dual Citizenship Amendment (138) C. The 2014 Citizenship Law (139) Chapter 4. Frozen Conflicts and Politics of Territorial Citizenship (143) 1. Moldova: Transnistria’s Territorial Impact on Citizenship Policy (148) 2. Azerbaijan: Nagorno-Karabakh’s Territorial Impact on Citizenship Policy (156) A. The Rise and Fall of Pan-Turkism (159) B. Academic Battles over Karabakh: Seeking the Nation’s Origins (162) 3. Georgia: The Fear for Ethnic Survival (165) Chapter 5. The Weight of History (175) 1. Moldova: An Ambiguous Nation (176) A. Shifting Borders and Populations (177) B. Moldovans or Romanians? (187) C. (In)congruence of Ethnic and Political Borders (203) D. Consequences of Unconditional Jus Soli (207) E. The Law on Civil Status: Ethnicity Loses Its Meaning (210) 2. Azerbaijan: Another Ambiguous Nation (215) iv A. Latent Ethnic Concept of the Nation (218) B. Azeris or Turks? (228) C. Heydar Aliyev: Territorial Nationalism against Pan-Turkism (236) D. (In)congruence of Ethnic and Political Borders: Azeris between Azerbaijan and Iran (244) E. Diaspora, Georgian Azeris and 2014 Citizenship Law Amendments (251) 3. Georgia: Georgia: Territorial on the Outside, Ethnic on the Inside (256) A. A Long History of Ethnic Nationalism (258) B. The Ethnic Nation in Peril and the 1993 Citizenship Law (266) C. Efforts to Build a Territorial Nation and Reaction (271) D. The Concept of the Nation in the 2014 Citizenship Law (275) Chapter 6. The “Fifth Column”: Jus Soli, Dual Citizenship and Geopolitics (281) 1. Moldova: Embracing Dual Citizenship in the Face of Romanianization (284) 2. Azerbaijan: Tightening the Ban on Dual Citizenship (294) A. Rustam Ibragimbekov’s Run for President (295) B. Amendments of 2014 (298) a. Fears of Russian Interference (299) b. Fears of Other States’ Interference (303) c. Future of Dual Citizenship (305) 3. Georgia: From Ethnic Survival to Dual Citizenship Battles in Russia’s Shadow (307) A. The Citizenship Law of 1993 and Fears for Ethnic Survival (308) B. Saakashvili’s Reforms and Dual Citizenship Battles (311) C. Bidzina Ivanishvili’s Candidacy and 2014 Changes (315) Chapter 7. Georgian Azeris: Victims and Beneficiaries of Territorial Nationalism (320) 1. Azerbaijan: Victims of Territorial Nationalism and Geopolitics (322) A. Georgian Azeris in Azerbaijan (322) B. No Compassion for Co-Ethnics (324) C. Georgia’s Strategic Importance to Azerbaijan (327) D. 2014 Amendments (329) 2. Georgia: Azeris Cut off from Baku (330) A. At the Fall of the USSR (330) B. Current Situation (332) C. Baku’s Policy: Treading a Careful Line (339) D. Georgian Civic Integration Efforts (342) E. Citizenship Law in Georgia (349) v Chapter 8. Abkhazia: A View from a De-Facto State (352) 1. The Role of History for National Identity in the Caucasus (353) A. The Turbulent History of the Abkhaz (353) B. The Role of History for National Identity and Politics of the Caucasus (357) a. History in Political Discourse (358) b. The Autochthony Debate (360) 2. The Abkhaz National Identity: An Ethnic/Territorial Analysis (361) 3. The Georgian National Identity in the Eyes of the Abkhaz (366) 4. The Gal Region Conflict over Citizenship (369) Part III. Making Sense of the Findings (377) Chapter 9. Theoretical Analysis (377) 1. Case Findings and the Original Hypothesis (377) A. Moldova (379) a. Legal Precedent in the 1991 Citizenship Law (379) b. Historically-Weak Ethnic Concept of the Nation (379) c. Territorial Integrity Concerns (381) d. Dual Citizenship Liberalization and Geopolitics (381) B. Azerbaijan (383) a. Territorial Integrity Concerns and Azerbaijanism (383) b. Historically-Weak Ethnic Concept of the Nation (383) c. Dual Citizenship Restriction and Geopolitics (385) C. Georgia (385) a. Historically Strong Ethnic Concept of the Nation (385) b. Territorial Integrity Concerns (387) c. Dual Citizenship and Geopolitics (388) 2. Implications for Existing Theoretical Debates (388) A. Citizenship and National Identity: History Matters (388) B. Beyond the Modernist Paradigm (391) C. Territorial Citizenship Unlinked from Liberalism/Democracy (392) D. Advancing Ethnic/Territorial Research in Post-Soviet Comparative Citizenship (393) E. Jus Soli. Dual Citizenship. Geopolitics: A New Direction (396) 3. Future Considerations (401) A. Policy Implications (401) B. Future Research Agenda (403) vi Conclusion: Individual/Collective Identity Cleavage and Territorial Political Membership (405) Bibliography (408) vii LIST OF FIGURES 1. “Frozen” conflicts in the former USSR. Source: The Economist, 19 August, 2004. (1) 2. Proposed Anatomy of Civic Nationalism. (26) 3. Prevalent Modernist Paradigm of Evolution of Nationalism. (31) 4. Proposed Reconceptualization of Ethnic/Civic Nationalism. (32) 5. Unconditional jus soli in 2010 (Feere 2010). (85) 6. Evolution of unconditional jus soli and dual citizenship legislation in post- Soviet states with frozen territorial conflicts. (103) 7. Ethnic composition of post-Soviet countries with frozen conflicts. Source: CIA Worldbook, except for Transnistria (Encyclopædia Britannica.com), Abkhazia (UNPO.org) and S. Ossetia (Gutenberg.org). (144) 8. Moldova with Transnistria. Source: The Economist, June 30, 2005. (149) 9. Acqiusition of Moldovan citizenship (1992-2012). Source: The ministry of Information Technology and Communications of the Republic of Moldova (Gasca 2012). (154) 10. Azerbaijan with Nagorno-Karabakh. Source: The Economist, Septmeber 6, 2014. (156) 11. Georgia with Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Source: The Economist, May 24, 2011. (166) viii 12. Historical Moldova (with Transnistria) and current state borders. Source: Axatravel.ro. (179) 13. “Bessarabia is Romania” on the walls of Bucharest, 2014. (198) 14. “Moldovans are Romanians” on the walls of Chisinau, 2015. (199) 15. “Bessarabia is Romania”, a political poster from Romania, 2012. (200) 16. Rate of Approval of Women’s Marriage by Nationality. (235) 17. Rate of Approval of Women’s Marriage to Georgian Azeris, source: Caucasus Barometer. (338) ix ABSTRACT DEFINING THE NATION IN RUSSIA’S BUFFER ZONE: THE POLITICS
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Politics of Multilingualism in Roma Education in Early Soviet Union and Its Current Projections Marushiakova, Elena; Popov, Vesselin
    www.ssoar.info Politics of multilingualism in Roma education in early Soviet Union and its current projections Marushiakova, Elena; Popov, Vesselin Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Marushiakova, E., & Popov, V. (2017). Politics of multilingualism in Roma education in early Soviet Union and its current projections. Social Inclusion, 5(4), 48-59. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v5i4.1128 Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer CC BY Lizenz (Namensnennung) zur This document is made available under a CC BY Licence Verfügung gestellt. Nähere Auskünfte zu den CC-Lizenzen finden (Attribution). For more Information see: Sie hier: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de Social Inclusion (ISSN: 2183–2803) 2017, Volume 5, Issue 4, Pages 48–59 DOI: 10.17645/si.v5i4.1128 Article Politics of Multilingualism in Roma Education in Early Soviet Union and Its Current Projections Elena Marushiakova * and Vesselin Popov School of History, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, KY16 9BA, UK; E-Mails: [email protected] (E.M.), [email protected] (V.P.) * Corresponding author Submitted: 14 August 2017 | Accepted: 16 October 2017 | Published: 22 December 2017 Abstract This article presents the history of the politics of multilingualism (or lack thereof) in regard to Roma (formerly known as ‘Gypsies’). In the 1920s and 1930s in the newly established Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, against a backdrop of pro- claimed principles of full equality of all peoples1 living in the new state, commenced a rapid creation of schools for Roma children with instruction in Romani mother-tongue along with special training of Roma teachers.
    [Show full text]
  • 2. Historical, Cultural and Ethnic Roots1
    2. HISTORICAL, CULTURAL AND ETHNIC ROOTS1 General features of ethnic identity evolution history, to develop autonomous state structures, in the eastern part of Europe their lives have mostly been determined by out- side forces with diverse geopolitical interests. Differences may be observed between Eastern The uncertain political situation of past cen- and Western Europe in terms of the ethnogenesis turies gave rise – along the linguistic, cultural of the peoples and the development of their eth- and political fault lines – to several ethnic groups nic identity. In the eastern half of the continent, with uncertain identities, disputed allegiances rather than be tied to the confines of a particular and divergent political interests. Even now, there state, community identity and belonging have exist among the various groups overlaps, differ- tended to emerge from the collective memory of ences and conflicts which arose in earlier periods. a community of linguistic and cultural elements The characteristic features of the groups have not or, on occasion, from the collective memory of a been placed in a clearly definable framework. state that existed in an earlier period (Romsics, In the eastern half of Europe, the various I. 1998). The evolution of the eastern Slavic and ethnic groups are at different stages of devel- Baltic peoples constitutes a particular aspect of opment in terms of their ethnic identity. The this course. We can, therefore, gain insights into Belarusian people, who speak an eastern Slavic the historical foundations of the ethnic identity language, occupy a special place among these of the inhabitants of today’s Belarus – an identity groups.
    [Show full text]
  • Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Moldova: Does Moldova's Eastern Orientation Inhibit Its European Aspirations?
    “Foreign affairs of the Republic of Moldova: Does Moldova’s Eastern orientation inhibit its European aspirations?” Liliana Viţu 1 CONTENTS: List of abbreviations Introduction Chapter I. Historic References…………………………………………………………p.1 Chapter II. The Eastern Vector of Moldova’s Foreign Affairs…………………..p.10 Russian Federation – The Big Brother…………………………………………………p.10 Commonwealth of Independent States: Russia as the hub, the rest as the spokes……………………………………………………….…………………………….p.13 Transnistria- the “black hole” of Europe………………………………………………..p.20 Ukraine – a “wait and see position”…………………………………………………….p.25 Chapter III. Moldova and the European Union: looking westwards?………….p.28 Romania and Moldova – the two Romanian states…………………………………..p.28 The Council of Europe - Monitoring Moldova………………………………………….p.31 European Union and Moldova: a missed opportunity?………………………………p.33 Chapter IV. Simultaneous integration in the CIS and the EU – a contradiction in terms ……………………………………………………………………………………...p.41 Conclusions Bibliography 2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ASSMR – Autonomous Soviet Socialist Moldova Republic CEEC – Central-Eastern European countries CIS – Commonwealth of Independent States CoE – Council of Europe EBRD – European Bank for Reconstruction and Development ECHR – European Court of Human Rights EU – European Union ICG – International Crisis Group IPP – Institute for Public Policy NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organisation NIS – Newly Independent States OSCE – Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe PCA – Partnership and Cooperation Agreement PHARE – Poland Hungary Assistant for Economic Reconstruction SECI – South East European Cooperation Initiative SPSEE – Stability Pact for South-Eastern Europe TACIS – Technical Assistance for Commonwealth of Independent States UNDP – United Nations Development Program WTO – World Trade Organization 3 INTRODUCTION The Republic of Moldova is a young state, created along with the other Newly Independent States (NIS) in 1991 after the implosion of the Soviet Union.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Modern Politicization of the Persian Poet Nezami Ganjavi
    Official Digitized Version by Victoria Arakelova; with errata fixed from the print edition ON THE MODERN POLITICIZATION OF THE PERSIAN POET NEZAMI GANJAVI YEREVAN SERIES FOR ORIENTAL STUDIES Edited by Garnik S. Asatrian Vol.1 SIAVASH LORNEJAD ALI DOOSTZADEH ON THE MODERN POLITICIZATION OF THE PERSIAN POET NEZAMI GANJAVI Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies Yerevan 2012 Siavash Lornejad, Ali Doostzadeh On the Modern Politicization of the Persian Poet Nezami Ganjavi Guest Editor of the Volume Victoria Arakelova The monograph examines several anachronisms, misinterpretations and outright distortions related to the great Persian poet Nezami Ganjavi, that have been introduced since the USSR campaign for Nezami‖s 800th anniversary in the 1930s and 1940s. The authors of the monograph provide a critical analysis of both the arguments and terms put forward primarily by Soviet Oriental school, and those introduced in modern nationalistic writings, which misrepresent the background and cultural heritage of Nezami. Outright forgeries, including those about an alleged Turkish Divan by Nezami Ganjavi and falsified verses first published in Azerbaijan SSR, which have found their way into Persian publications, are also in the focus of the authors‖ attention. An important contribution of the book is that it highlights three rare and previously neglected historical sources with regards to the population of Arran and Azerbaijan, which provide information on the social conditions and ethnography of the urban Iranian Muslim population of the area and are indispensable for serious study of the Persian literature and Iranian culture of the period. ISBN 978-99930-69-74-4 The first print of the book was published by the Caucasian Centre for Iranian Studies in 2012.
    [Show full text]
  • THE AUDIT of the DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM of REPUBLIC of MOLDOVA Anthology of Analysis on Governance
    THE AUDIT OF THE DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM OF REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA Anthology of Analysis on Governance Institute for Development and Social Initiatives (IDIS) “Viitorul” THE AUDIT OF THE DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM OF REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA Anthology of Analysis on Governance Authors: Veaceslav Berbeca Cornel Ciurea Marin Gurin Ion Guzun Lilia Ioniță Sergiu Lipcean Leonid Litra Ion Osoian Translation from Romanian to English: Cristina Coțofană Cristian Ciobanu Diana Loznean Victoria Sargu The Audit of Democracy was elaborated on the methodology of the International Institute for Democracy and Elec- toral Assistance. This product was financially supported by the Black Sea Trust for Regional Cooperation. Opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent those of the Black Sea Trust, the German Marshall Fund, or its partners. For any information related to this study, please contact the Institute for Development and Social Initiatives „Viitorul”, Product Coordinator: Leonid Litra. Address: MD-2005, Republic of Moldova, Chişinău, 10/1 Iacob Hancu str., IDIS „Viitorul Tel: 37322-22-18-44, Fax: 37322-24-57-14 e-mail: [email protected] şi [email protected] © IDIS Viitorul, 2011 THE AUDIT OF THE DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM OF REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA 3 Anthology of Analysis on Governance Ackowledgements The publication THE AUDIT OF THE DEMORACTIC SYSTEM OF REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA, Anthology of Analysis on Governance- was elaborated by the Institute for Development and Social Initiatives “Viitorul”. At the research elaboration also contributed experts that preferred to remain anonymous. We would like also to express our gratitude to foreign experts who offered pertinent comments for the improvement of this study. THE AUDIT OF THE DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM OF REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA expresses the personal opinions of the authors, which may not coincide, with those of IDIS “Viitorul”.
    [Show full text]
  • Sino-British Agreement and Nationality: Hong Kong's Future in the Hands of the People's Republic of China
    UCLA UCLA Pacific Basin Law Journal Title The Sino-British Agreement and Nationality: Hong Kong's Future in the Hands of the People's Republic of China Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9j3546s0 Journal UCLA Pacific Basin Law Journal, 8(1) Author Chua, Christine Publication Date 1990 DOI 10.5070/P881021965 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California THE SINO-BRITISH AGREEMENT AND NATIONALITY: HONG KONG'S FUTURE IN THE HANDS OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Christine Chua* I. INTRODUCTION On July 1, 1997, the United Kingdom will officially relinquish its sovereignty over Hong Kong' to the People's Republic of China (PRC). The terms for the transfer of governmental control are set forth in the Joint Declaration of the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Govern- ment of the People's Republic of China on the Question of Hong Kong (hereinafter, "Joint Declaration"), which was signed by rep- resentatives for both governments on December 19, 1984. The terms likewise appear in the Memoranda exchanged by the United 2 Kingdom and PRC governments on the signing date. Set forth in the Joint Declaration is the PRC's intent to estab- lish the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR). 3 Rules for implementing the separate government of the Hong Kong SAR are also enumerated. 4 The creation of the Hong Kong SAR is au- thorized by a provision in the PRC Constitution' originally in- * J.D., 1989, UCLA School of Law; B.A., 1985, Cornell University.
    [Show full text]
  • Lukyanov Doctrine: Conceptual Origins of Russia's Hybrid Foreign Policy—The Case of Ukraine
    Saint Louis University Law Journal Volume 64 Number 1 Internationalism and Sovereignty Article 3 (Fall 2019) 4-23-2020 Lukyanov Doctrine: Conceptual Origins of Russia’s Hybrid Foreign Policy—The Case of Ukraine. Igor Gretskiy [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.slu.edu/lj Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Igor Gretskiy, Lukyanov Doctrine: Conceptual Origins of Russia’s Hybrid Foreign Policy—The Case of Ukraine., 64 St. Louis U. L.J. (2020). Available at: https://scholarship.law.slu.edu/lj/vol64/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Saint Louis University Law Journal by an authorized editor of Scholarship Commons. For more information, please contact Susie Lee. SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW LUKYANOV DOCTRINE: CONCEPTUAL ORIGINS OF RUSSIA’S HYBRID FOREIGN POLICY—THE CASE OF UKRAINE. IGOR GRETSKIY* Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, Kremlin’s assertiveness and unpredictability on the international arena has always provoked enormous attention to its foreign policy tools and tactics. Although there was no shortage of publications on topics related to different aspects of Moscow’s foreign policy varying from non-proliferation of nuclear weapons to soft power diplomacy, Russian studies as a discipline found itself deadlocked within the limited number of old dichotomies, (e.g., West/non-West, authoritarianism/democracy, Europe/non-Europe), initially proposed to understand the logic of Russia’s domestic and foreign policy transformations.1 Furthermore, as the decision- making process in Moscow was getting further from being transparent due to the increasingly centralized character of its political system, the emergence of new theoretical frameworks with greater explanatory power was an even more difficult task.
    [Show full text]
  • Genocide and Deportation of Azerbaijanis
    GENOCIDE AND DEPORTATION OF AZERBAIJANIS C O N T E N T S General information........................................................................................................................... 3 Resettlement of Armenians to Azerbaijani lands and its grave consequences ................................ 5 Resettlement of Armenians from Iran ........................................................................................ 5 Resettlement of Armenians from Turkey ................................................................................... 8 Massacre and deportation of Azerbaijanis at the beginning of the 20th century .......................... 10 The massacres of 1905-1906. ..................................................................................................... 10 General information ................................................................................................................... 10 Genocide of Moslem Turks through 1905-1906 in Karabagh ...................................................... 13 Genocide of 1918-1920 ............................................................................................................... 15 Genocide over Azerbaijani nation in March of 1918 ................................................................... 15 Massacres in Baku. March 1918................................................................................................. 20 Massacres in Erivan Province (1918-1920) ...............................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Bauböck-Perchinig WT.Indd
    IMISCOE sievers The European Union’s enlargements of 2004 and 2007 have greatly increased the research diversity of historic experiences within the eU as well as its contemporary conceptions of statehood, nation-building and citizenship. How did newly formed states determine ( e who would become their citizens? How do countries relate to their large emigrant / per communities, to ethnic kin minorities in neighbouring countries and to minorities s . ) pa a c in their own territory? And to which extent have national citizenship policies beenг жд н тво affected by new immigration and by integration into thee U? The expanded and updated hinig edition of Citizenship Policies in the New Europe describes the citizenship laws and their Citizenship Policies in the historical backgrounds in the eU’s twelve new countries and the accession states Croatia / and Turkey. This work complements Acquisition and Loss of Nationality, a two-volume Citizenship Policies in Citizenship the Policies New Europe analysis of the eU’s fifteen old Member States also published in the IMISCOe-aUP Series. Citizenship Policies in Citizenship the Policies New Europe New Europe Authors: Andrea Baršová, Eugene Buttigieg, Agata Górny, Constantin Iordachi, Priit Järve, Elena Jileva, Zeynep Kadirbeyoglu, Mária Kovács, Kristīne Krūma, Expanded and Updated Edition Dagmar Kusá, Andre Liebich, Felicita Medved, Dorota Pudzianowska, Francesco Ragazzi, Wiebke Sievers, Daniel Smilov, Igor Štiks, Judit Tóth and Nicos Trimikliniotis , ( .) “A unique analysis of citizenship
    [Show full text]
  • The Diary of Anatoly S. Chernyaev 1986
    The Diary of Anatoly S. Chernyaev 1986 Donated by A.S. Chernyaev to The National Security Archive Translated by Anna Melyakova Edited by Svetlana Savranskaya http://www.nsarchive.org Translation © The National Security Archive, 2007 The Diary of Anatoly S. Chernyaev, 1986 http://www.nsarchive.org January 1st, 1986. At the department1 everyone wished each other to celebrate the New Year 1987 “in the same positions.” And it is true, at the last session of the CC (Central Committee) Secretariat on December 30th, five people were replaced: heads of CC departments, obkom [Oblast Committee] secretaries, heads of executive committees. The Politizdat2 director Belyaev was confirmed as editor of Soviet Culture. [Yegor] Ligachev3 addressed him as one would address a person, who is getting promoted and entrusted with a very crucial position. He said something like this: we hope that you will make the newspaper truly an organ of the Central Committee, that you won’t squander your time on petty matters, but will carry out state and party policies... In other words, culture and its most important control lever were entrusted to a Stalinist pain-in-the neck dullard. What is that supposed to mean? Menshikov’s case is also shocking to me. It is clear that he is a bastard in general. I was never favorably disposed to him; he was tacked on [to our team] without my approval. I had to treat him roughly to make sure no extraterritoriality and privileges were allowed in relation to other consultants, and even in relation to me (which could have been done through [Vadim] Zagladin,4 with whom they are dear friends).
    [Show full text]
  • Unai Members List August 2021
    UNAI MEMBER LIST Updated 27 August 2021 COUNTRY NAME OF SCHOOL REGION Afghanistan Kateb University Asia and the Pacific Afghanistan Spinghar University Asia and the Pacific Albania Academy of Arts Europe and CIS Albania Epoka University Europe and CIS Albania Polytechnic University of Tirana Europe and CIS Algeria Centre Universitaire d'El Tarf Arab States Algeria Université 8 Mai 1945 Guelma Arab States Algeria Université Ferhat Abbas Arab States Algeria University of Mohamed Boudiaf M’Sila Arab States Antigua and Barbuda American University of Antigua College of Medicine Americas Argentina Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad de Buenos Aires Americas Argentina Facultad Regional Buenos Aires Americas Argentina Universidad Abierta Interamericana Americas Argentina Universidad Argentina de la Empresa Americas Argentina Universidad Católica de Salta Americas Argentina Universidad de Congreso Americas Argentina Universidad de La Punta Americas Argentina Universidad del CEMA Americas Argentina Universidad del Salvador Americas Argentina Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda Americas Argentina Universidad Nacional de Cordoba Americas Argentina Universidad Nacional de Cuyo Americas Argentina Universidad Nacional de Jujuy Americas Argentina Universidad Nacional de la Pampa Americas Argentina Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata Americas Argentina Universidad Nacional de Quilmes Americas Argentina Universidad Nacional de Rosario Americas Argentina Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero Americas Argentina Universidad Nacional de
    [Show full text]
  • The “Humanitarian Dimension” of Russian Foreign Policy TOWARD GEORGIA, Moldova, Ukraine, and the Baltic States
    THe “HUMANITARIAN DIMENSION” OF RUSSIAN FOREIGN POLICY TOWARD GEORGIA, MOLDOVA, UKRAINE, AND THE BALTIC StATES The 2nd, supplementary edition Riga, 2010 EDK: 327(470) The 2nd, supplementary edition Hu 451 This book is work of six think tanks from Baltic States, Ukraine, Moldova and Georgia. Centre for East European Policy Studies (Latvia) had a leading role in the im- plementation of this research project. Contributors include the International Centre for Defence Studies (Estonia), the Centre for Geopolitical Studies (Lithuania), the School for Policy Analysis at the National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy (Ukraine), the Foreign Policy Association of Moldova (Moldova), and the International Centre for Geopolitical Studies (Georgia). The research project was implemented with the support of the Konrad Ad- enauer Foundation and of the East - East: Partnership Beyond Borders Program of the Soros Foundation – Latvia. Editor: Gatis Pelnēns Project Director: Andis Kudors Authors of the study: Juhan Kivirähk, Nerijus Maliukevičius, Dmytro Kon- dratenko, Olexandr Yeremeev, Radu Vrabie, Nana Devdariani, Mariam Tsatsanash- vili, Nato Bachiashvili, Tengiz Pkhaladze, Gatis Pelnēns, Andis Kudors, Mārtiņš Pa- parinskis, Ainārs Dimants, Ainārs Lerhis. English translation editor: Rihards Kalniņš Design of the cover and layout: Toms Deģis © Authors of the study (text), 2010 © Centre for East European Policy Studies, International Centre for Defence Studies, Centre for Geopolitical Studies, School for Policy Analysis at the National university of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Foreign Policy Association of Moldova, Interna- tional Centre for Geopolitical Studies, 2010 © SIA Apgāds Mantojums (design concept), 2010 ISBN: 978-9984-39-989-8 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface to Second Edition . 8 4.4.2. Russian Support of Compatriots Living in Lithuania .
    [Show full text]