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THE AUDIT of the DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM of REPUBLIC of MOLDOVA Anthology of Analysis on Governance

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THE AUDIT of the DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM of REPUBLIC of MOLDOVA Anthology of Analysis on Governance THE AUDIT OF THE DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM OF REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA Anthology of Analysis on Governance Institute for Development and Social Initiatives (IDIS) “Viitorul” THE AUDIT OF THE DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM OF REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA Anthology of Analysis on Governance Authors: Veaceslav Berbeca Cornel Ciurea Marin Gurin Ion Guzun Lilia Ioniță Sergiu Lipcean Leonid Litra Ion Osoian Translation from Romanian to English: Cristina Coțofană Cristian Ciobanu Diana Loznean Victoria Sargu The Audit of Democracy was elaborated on the methodology of the International Institute for Democracy and Elec- toral Assistance. This product was financially supported by the Black Sea Trust for Regional Cooperation. Opinions expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent those of the Black Sea Trust, the German Marshall Fund, or its partners. For any information related to this study, please contact the Institute for Development and Social Initiatives „Viitorul”, Product Coordinator: Leonid Litra. Address: MD-2005, Republic of Moldova, Chişinău, 10/1 Iacob Hancu str., IDIS „Viitorul Tel: 37322-22-18-44, Fax: 37322-24-57-14 e-mail: [email protected] şi [email protected] © IDIS Viitorul, 2011 THE AUDIT OF THE DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM OF REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA 3 Anthology of Analysis on Governance Ackowledgements The publication THE AUDIT OF THE DEMORACTIC SYSTEM OF REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA, Anthology of Analysis on Governance- was elaborated by the Institute for Development and Social Initiatives “Viitorul”. At the research elaboration also contributed experts that preferred to remain anonymous. We would like also to express our gratitude to foreign experts who offered pertinent comments for the improvement of this study. THE AUDIT OF THE DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM OF REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA expresses the personal opinions of the authors, which may not coincide, with those of IDIS “Viitorul”. Any other third person, including IDIS ‘Viitorul, is not responsible for the conclusions presented in this publication. IDIS „Viitorul” The audit of the democratic system of Republic of Moldova : Anthology of Analysis on Governance / Veaceslav Berbeca, Cornel Ciurea, Marin Gurin [et al.] ; IDIS “Viitorul”. – Ch. : IDIS “Viitorul”, 2011 (Tipogr. “MS Logo” SRL). – 260 p. Bibliogr.: p. 257-259. – 90 ex. ISBN 978-9975-4193-0-7. 328(478)=111 T 49 THE AUDIT OF THE DEMOCRATIC 4 SYSTEM OF REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA Anthology of Analysis on Governance CONTENT Part I Citizenship, Law and Rights ......................................................... 9 1. Nationhood and Identity - Ion Guzun ..................................................................... 9 2. The Rule of Law and Access to Justice -Ion Guzun ................................................. 17 3. Civil and Political Rights – Marin Gurin ................................................................. 31 4. Economic and Social Rights – Marin Gurin ............................................................ 59 Part II Representative and Accountable Government .............................. 80 5. Free and Fair Elections – Sergiu Lipcean ................................................................... 80 6. The Democratic Role of Political Parties – Sergiu Lipcean ...................................... 114 7. Government Effectiveness and Accountability–Sergiu Lipcean ............................... 143 8. Civilian Control of the Military and Police – Veaceslav Berbeca .............................. 165 9. Minimizing Corruption – Lilia Ioniţă ..................................................................... 187 Part III Civil Society and Popular Participation ....................................... 204 10. The Media in a Democratic Society –Cornel Ciurea ............................................... 204 11. Political Participation – Cornel Ciurea ..................................................................... 213 12. Government Responsiveness – Ion Osoian ............................................................... 220 13. Decentralization – Ion Osoian .................................................................................. 230 Part IV Democracy beyond the State ......................................................... 237 14. International dimensions of Democracy – Leonid Litra and Veaceslav Berbeca ......... 237 THE AUDIT OF THE DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM OF REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA 5 Anthology of Analysis on Governance LIST OF TABLES Table 1 „Freedom of press in the world” Table 2 „Population by participation in the economic activity, by sexes and environment” Table 3 “Economically active population” Table 4 „Key Indicators for the Years 2004-2009” Table 5 „Information on conclusion and registration of the employment agreements at the level of the economic entity” Table 6 “The degree of democratization of the electoral process” Table 7 “Electoral cycles in the Republic of Moldova” Table 8 “Voters included on the voter lists and fluctuations in their numbers” Table 9 “Modifications of legislation regarding the electoral threshold” Table 10 “The effects of the two formulas used to convert votes into mandates” Table 11 “Voter turnout by electoral district” Table 12 Request for references so as to become a party member Table 13 Party membership fees Table 14“Chronology, composition, and sustainability of Cabinets of Ministers. The party sys- tem performance to set up and maintain coalitions” Table 15 “Structure of standing parliamentary committees established as a result of 4 parlia- mentary elections” Table 16 “Campaign costs for obtaining a parliamentary mandate during the last three elec- tions for the parties that have access in the parliaments” Table 17 “Number of donors of the parties with the biggest campaign budgets” Table 18 “Structure of the vote granted to the first four parties classified in the opinion polls based on the ethno-linguistic affiliation during the parliamentary election from March 6, 2005” Table 19 “Structure of the vote granted to the first four parties classified in the opinion polls based on the ethno-linguistic affiliation during the parliamentary election from April 5, 2009” Table 20 „ Structure of the vote granted to the first four parties classified in the opinion polls based on the ethno-linguistic affiliation during the parliamentary election from -No vember 28, 2010” Table 21 “Voting opportunities of minorities” Table 22 “Ethnical composition of the RM population” Table 23 “Level of democratic governance” THE AUDIT OF THE DEMOCRATIC 6 SYSTEM OF REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA Anthology of Analysis on Governance Table 24 „How would you describe the activity of police bodies?” (multiple choice answer) Table 25 „The Ethnic Structure of Police Bodies” Table 26 “The population’s concern in relation to corruption and the degree of satisfaction with the efforts made by the Government in fighting corruption Table 27 „Freedom of Press Indicator, 2010” Table 28 „Forms of Organization, Sectors and Areas of Activity of Non-Governmental Orga- nizations” Table 29 “Accessibility of some public services according to geographic deprivation properties” Table 30 „Number of counselors to the number of population in a primaria” Table 31 „List of the most important treaties ratified by Republic of Moldova as part of UN” Table 32 „List of the most important treaties ratified by Republic of Moldova as part of Council of Europe” Table 33 “The list of international and regional organizations to which Republic of Moldova was to pay membership fees and debts from the state budget of 2010” LIST OF CHARTS Chart 1 “Spontaneous and announced assemblies” Chart 2 “Professional training of women and men” Chart 3 “Moldovan citizens’ insurance status within the CHI in 2008” Chart 4 “Educational disadvantages of pupils in poor families” Chart 5 “Money spent on TV adds by different candidates” Chart 6 “Money spent on Radio adds by different candidates” Chart 7 “Coverage of political candidates on Moldova 1” Chart 8 “Coverage of political candidates on Radio Moldova” Chart 9 “The ratio of represented to unrepresented populations in the Parliament of the Repub- lic of Moldova” Chart 10 “Ratio of represented to unrepresented voters in the composition of the government” Chart 11 “The Correlation between the percentage of women in the total population of the country and their representation in Parliament” Chart 12 “The Representativeness of the Moldovan Parliament by professional group” Chart 13 “The average age of members of parliament” Chart 14 “The parliaments’ representativeness by age” Chart 15 “Ratio of participation/absenteeism at the parliamentary elections in the Republic of Moldova” THE AUDIT OF THE DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM OF REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA 7 Anthology of Analysis on Governance Chart 16 “Structure of the revenues accumulated in the electoral campaign from April 5, 2009 by the electoral rivals by categories of donors”. Chart 17 “Structure of revenues accumulated in the electoral campaign from November 28, 2010 by the electoral candidates by categories of donors” Chart. 18 “Longevity of the governments depending on their composition” Chart 19 “Dynamics of budgetary expenditures 1995-2010” Chart 20 “Dynamics of citizen satisfaction in relation to priority domains of public interest” Chart 21 “Population perception of the economic situation in Republic of Moldova” Chart 22 “Evolution of public opinion regarding the social problems of highest concern” Chart 23 “Dynamics of public trust in the main political state institutions” Chart 24 “Dynamics of confidence in public persons in leadership functions in state institu- tions”
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