Istoriografie Şi Politică În Estul Şi Vestul Spaţiului Românesc

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Istoriografie Şi Politică În Estul Şi Vestul Spaţiului Românesc ISTORIOGRAFIE ŞI POLITICĂ ÎN ESTUL ŞI VESTUL SPAŢIULUI ROMÂNESC Cuvânt înainte de Alexandru-Florin Platon Coordonatori Svetlana Suveică Ion Eremia Sergiu Matveev Sorin Şipoş Editura Cartdidact / Editura Universităţii din Oradea Chişinău / Oradea 2009 Autori Mircea Brie Andrei Cuşco Ion Eremia Antonio-Viorel Faur Cătălina Iliescu Gheorghiu Sergiu Matveev Anatol Petrencu Ioan-Aurel Pop Florin Sfrengeu Alexandru Simon Svetlana Suveică Igor Şarov Sorin Şipoş Barbu Ştefănescu Octavian Ţîcu 2 HISTORIOGRAPHY AND POLITICS TO EASTERN AND WESTERN AREAS OF THE ROMANIAN SPACE Foreword by Alexandru-Florin Platon Edited by Svetlana Suveica Ion Eremia Sergiu Matveev Sorin Sipos Cartdidact Press / Oradea University Press Chisinau / Oradea 2009 3 CUPRINS CUVÂNT ÎNAINTE ....................................................................................................... 7 I. ISTORIOGRAFIE ...................................................................................................... 13 Ion Gumenâi • ISTORIOGRAFIA RUSĂ DIN SECOLUL XIX – ÎNCEPUTUL SECOLULUI XX CU PRIVIRE LA EVREII DIN RUSIA ŞI BASARABIA. UNELE CONSIDERAŢII ................................................. 13 Sergiu Matveev • ETAPELE STUDIILOR ISTORICE SOVIETICE POSTBELICE PRIVIND PROBLEMA „FORMĂRII POPORULUI MOLDOVENESC” .................................................................................... 21 Svetlana Suveică • POLITICĂ ŞI ISTORIOGRAFIE ÎN RSS MOLDOVENEASCĂ ÎN ANII ’60 -’70 AI SECOLULUI XX .................................................... 26 Sorin Şipoş • SILVIU DRAGOMIR ŞI CERCETAREA ROMANITĂŢII NORD- BALCANICE ÎN ROMÂNIA PERIOADEI COMUNISTE ...................... 40 Barbu Ştefănescu • ISTORIA RURALĂ ROMÂNEASCĂ ŞI POLITICA ...................... 64 Andrei Cuşco, Igor Şarov • IDENTITATE, MEMORIE ŞI DISCURS ISTORIC ÎN MOLDOVA POSTSOVIETICĂ: O ABORDARE CRITICĂ ................... 72 Anatol Petrencu • GĂGĂUZII: ASPECTE ISTORIOGRAFICE ALE ISTORIEI ŞI CULTURII (TEZE) .................................................................................... 88 II. ISTORIE POLITICĂ ŞI RELAŢII INTERNAŢIONALE .................................... 93 Florin Sfrengeu • CONSIDERAŢII ISTORICO-ARHEOLOGICE PRIVIND PERIOADA SECOLELOR VIII-IX ÎN NORD-VESTUL ROMÂNIEI .... 93 Alexandru Simon • DE LA PORTURILE ITALIEI LA PORTURILE UNGURULUI: DRUMURILE VALAHE ALE CRUCIADEI LA SFÂRŞITUL SECOLULUI XV ...................................................................................... 107 Ioan-Aurel Pop, Alexandru Simon • DESPRE „CONSPIRAŢIA” PREGĂTITĂ DE MAXIMILIAN I DE HABSBURG ŞI ŞTEFAN AL III-LEA CEL MARE CONTRA REGILOR UNGARIEI ŞI POLONIEI, LA SFÂRŞITUL SECOLULUI AL XV-LEA ....................................................................... 134 Ion Eremia • MIT ŞI REALITATE ÎN RELAŢIILE MOLDO-RUSE DIN ANUL 1654 ....................................................................................... 153 Mircea Brie • IDENTITATEA ETNICĂ ÎN TRANSILVANIA (A DOUA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI XIX – ÎNCEPUTUL SECOLULUI XX). REPERE METODOLOGICE .................................................................................... 176 Antonio Faur • REFERINŢE ÎN DOCUMENTE DIPLOMATICE FRANCEZE CU PRIVIRE LA STATUTUL TRANSILVANIEI DE NORD (1945-1947) ............................................................................................... 187 Catalina Iliescu Gheorghiu • TRANSLATING FOR PROPAGANDA PURPOSES. „POLITICAL HYPERCORRECTNESS” UNDER TOTALITARISM .... 199 Octavian Ţîcu • THE NATION-BUILDING AND THE SOVIET CULTURAL POLICIES IN THE MOLDOVAN SSR (1944 -1989) .............................. 215 POSTFAŢĂ .................................................................................................................... 227 NOTIŢE DESPRE AUTORI ......................................................................................... 229 5 CONTENTS FOREWORD .................................................................................................................. 7 I. HISTORIOGRAPHY ................................................................................................. 13 Ion Gumenai • RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE 19th – BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY CONCERNING RUSSIAN AND BESSARABIAN JEWS. SEVERAL PERSPECTIVES ......................................................... 13 Sergiu Matveev • STAGES OF SOVIET POST-WAR HISTORICAL STUDIES CONCERNING THE PROBEM OF „FORMATION OF MOLDOVAN PEOPLE” ................................................................................................... 21 Svetlana Suveica • POLITICS AND HISTORIOGRAPHY IN MOLDOVAN SSR DURING THE 1960s – 1970s .................................................................... 26 Sorin Sipos • SILVIU DRAGOMIR AND THE RESEARCH OF NORTH BALKANIC ROMANITY IN ROMANIA DURING THE COMMUNIST ERA .......... 40 Barbu Stefanescu • ROMANIAN RURAL HISTORY AND POLITICS ........................ 64 Andrei Cusco, Igor Sarov • IDENTITY, MEMORY, AND HISTORICAL DISCOURSE IN POST-SOVIET MOLDOVA: A CRITICAL APPROACH .................. 72 Anatol Petrencu • GAGAUZ: HISTORIOGRAPHIC ASPECTS OF THEIR HISTORY AND CULTURE (THESES) ................................................... 88 II. POLITICAL HISTORY AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ....................... 93 Florin Sfrengeu • HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS REGARDING THE 8th AND 9th CENTURY IN NORTHWESTERN ROMANIA ................................................................................................. 93 Alexandru Simon • FROM THE ITALIAN HARBORS TO THE HARBORS OF THE HUNGARIAN: THE WALACHIAN ROADS OF THE CRUSADE AT THE END OF THE 15th CENTURY ........................................................ 107 Ioan-Aurel Pop, Alexandru Simon • ON MAXIMILIAN I OF HABSBURG’S AND STEPHEN III THE GREAT’S „CONSPIRACY” AGAINST THE KINGS OF HUNGARY AND POLAND AT THE END OF THE 15th CENTURY ................................................................................ 134 Ion Eremia • MYTH AND REALITY IN MOLDOVAN-RUSSIAN RELATIONS OF 1654 ..................................................................................................... 153 Mircea Brie • ETHNIC IDENTITY IN TRANSYLVANIA (SECOND HALF OF THE 19th CENTURY-BEGINNING OF THE 20th CENTURY). METHODOLOGICAL BENCHMARKS ................................................. 176 Antonio Faur • REFERENCES IN FRENCH DIPLOMATIC REPORTS REGARDING THE STATUS OF NORTHERN TRANSYLVANIA (1945-1947) ......... 187 Catalina Iliescu Gheorghiu • TRANSLATING FOR PROPAGANDA PURPOSES. „POLITICAL HYPERCORRECTNESS” UNDER TOTALITARISM .... 199 Octavian Ticu • THE NATION-BUILDING AND THE SOVIET CULTURAL POLICIES IN THE MOLDOVAN SSR (1944 -1989) ............................. 215 AFTERWORD ............................................................................................................... 227 NOTES ON THE AUTHORS ....................................................................................... 229 6 CUVÂNT ÎNAINTE Volumul care se deschide prin paginile de faţă reuneşte textele prezentate în cadrul colocviului cu acelaşi titlu, organizat la Chişinău, în ziua de 12 septembrie 2008, de Facultatea de Istorie şi Filozofie a Universităţii de Stat din Moldova, Facultatea de Istorie, Geografie şi Relaţii Internaţionale a Universităţii din Oradea şi Centrul de Studii Transilvane din Cluj. Actualitatea unui asemenea subiect – mai ales în lumea în care trăiesc, de o bună bucată de vreme, colegii şi prietenii noştri din Republica Moldova – nu mai are nevoie de nici o subliniere, ca, de altfel, nici necesitatea reluării sale periodice, în forma unor reflecţii solitare şi, mai ales, colective, de natură să pună în lumină nu numai istoria (foarte veche) şi ambiguitatea relaţiilor dintre cei doi termeni, dar şi aspectele diverse, împrumutate, de-a lungul timpului, de complicatul lor dialog. În fapt, interesul unei asemenea discuţii nu se epuizează niciodată, pentru că raportul în jurul căruia aceasta ia naştere este, la rândul său, de nedesfăcut. Interferenţa dintre istorie şi politică este nu numai foarte veche, ci şi inconturnabilă1. Cunoaşterea şi interpretarea trecutului au fost, întotdeauna, greu – dacă nu imposibil – de separat de solicitările diverse ale contextului lor imediat, care au cântărit greu în modul în care a fost produsă cunoaşterea respectivă şi elaborată interpretarea datelor sale2. Această strânsă legătură – aş fi tentat să spun intercondiţionare – dintre istorie şi politică nu s-a datorat numai poziţiei temporale a istoricului, altfel spus – şi cu cuvintele lui François Hartog şi ale lui Jacques Revel – „contemporaneităţii sale şi istoricităţii demersului său”3. Ea a fost, în primul rând, consecinţa mizei considerabile a majorităţii reconstituirilor istorice, ceea ce explică diversele distorsiuni şi manipulări la care au fost supuse rezultatele acestora. Explorarea trecutului şi investirea acestuia cu un sens specific nu au fost niciodată inocente (chiar atunci când au pretins acest lucru). Ele au avut diferite scopuri, legate nu numai de interesele personale ale cercetătorului, ci şi de aspiraţiile unei comunităţi sau de temeiurile şi proiectele unui regim politic. Fiind o disciplină prin excelenţă a duratei, iar durata având, întotdeauna, o puternică funcţie de legitimare, istoria a fost obligată să se conformeze unor cerinţe de multe ori incompatibile cu natura (sau, măcar, cu aspiraţia) sa ştiinţifică. Acest caz nu este singular, fireşte. Exemplele nenumăratelor manipulări la care au fost supuse, de-a lungul 1 Reiau aici, în aceeaşi formă, o parte din ideile expuse în preambulul colocviului menţionat, publicate,
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