SFERA POLITICII • Numărul 11 (165) Noiembrie 2011 Valentin Cojanu SEMNALE

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SFERA POLITICII • Numărul 11 (165) Noiembrie 2011 Valentin Cojanu SEMNALE EDITORIAL Sergiu Tămaș 20 DE ANI DE LA CĂDEREA Sfera COMUNISMULUI Adrian Pop Alexander Ghaleb Politicii Emanuel Copilaș Sonia Catrina REVISTĂ DE ŞTIINŢE POLITICE EDITATĂ DE FUNDAŢIA SOCIETATEA CIVILĂ ESEU Alexandru Ștefănescu APARIŢIE LUNARĂ IDENTITĂŢI POSTCOMUNISTE Aurora Martin Olesea Ţăranu Iulian Chifu Cristina Aboboaie Youngwon Cho Cristian-Ion Popa Sabin Drăgulin Vasile Pleșca ARHIVA Alexandru Florian RECENZIE SFERA POLITICII • Numărul 11 (165) noiembrie 2011 Valentin Cojanu SEMNALE Albert Robida 20 de ani de la VOLUM XIX căderea comunismului/ NUMĂRUL 11 (165) Identităţi postcomuniste ISSN: 1221-6720 NOIEMBRIE 2011 Sfera Politicii este prima revistă de EDITORIAL BOARD ştiinţă şi teorie politică apărută în Călin Anastasiu România, după căderea comunismului. Consilier Principal al Preşedintelui Societăţii Române de Revista apare fără întrerupere din 1992. Radiodifuziune, Bucureşti, România Daniel Chirot Sfera Politicii a jucat şi joacă un rol University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA important în difuzarea principalelor Dennis John Deletant teme de ştiinţă şi teorie politică şi în Professor, University College, London, United Kingdom constituirea şi dezvoltarea unei reflecţii Anneli Ute Gabanyi politologice viabile în peisajul ştiinţific şi Cercetător asociat al Institutului German pentru cultural din România. Probleme Internaţionale şi de Securitate (Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik), Berlin, Germania Sfera Politicii pune la îndemâna Dinu C. Giurescu cercetătorilor, a oamenilor politici membru al Academiei Române şi a publicului, analize, comentarii şi Gail Kligman studii de specialitate, realizate pe baza Professor, University of California, Berkeley, USA paradigmelor teoretice şi metodologice Steven Sampson ale ştiinţei şi teoriei politice actuale. Professor, Lund University, Lund, Sweden Gisèle Sapiro Sfera Politicii îşi face o misiune Directrice de recherche au CNRS, Directrice du Centre din contribuţia la consolidarea şi européen de sociologie et de science politique (CESSP), dezvoltarea societăţii democratice şi de Université Paris-Panthéon-Sorbonne/CNRS/EHESSa piaţă în România. Michael Shafir Profesor, Facultatea de Studii Europene, Universitatea Babeş-Bolyai, Cluj-Napoca, România Revistă editată de: Lavinia Stan Professor, Department of Political Science, St. Francis Xavier University, Canada Vladimir Tismăneanu Professor, Department of Government and Politics, University of Maryland (College Park), USA G. M. Tamas Budapest, Hungary Katherine Verdery Fundaţia Professor, City University of New York Graduate Center, USA Societatea Civilă DIRECTOR INDEXĂRI INTERNAŢIONALE: Stelian Tănase Profesor, Facultatea de Ştiinţe Politice, Universitatea din • Central and Eastern European Bucureşti Online Library (CEEOL) • DOAJ - Directory of Open Access Journals REDACTOR ŞEF • International Political Science Abstract Alexandru Radu Profesor, Facultatea de Ştiinţe Politice, Universitatea / Association internationale de science Creştină „Dimitrie Cantemir”, Bucureşti politique (IPSA/AISP) SECRETAR GENERAL DE REDACŢIE Sabin Drăgulin REDACŢIE Nicolae Drăguşin Aurora Martin Ioana Paverman Camelia Runceanu Daniel Şandru Cecilia Tohăneanu TEHNOREDACTOR Clasificare CNCSIS: “B+” Liviu Stoica Apare lunar [email protected]; [email protected]; http://www.sferapoliticii.ro Sfera Politicii VOLUMUL XIX, NUMĂRUL 11 (165), noiembrie 2011 Editorial Schimbări istorice în raporturile de putere .......................................................................3 Sergiu Tămaș 20 de ani de la căderea comunismului Factorul Gorbaciov ............................................................................................................ 12 Adrian Pop The Romanian Civil War: A Theoretical Discussion On The Proximate Causes of Violence ........................................................................................................................20 Alexander Ghaleb O prietenie cu rezerve. Eurocomunismul văzut din Republica Socialistă România ......34 Emanuel Copilaș Despre dificultatea asumării denumirii de „ţigan” în spaţiul public românesc ...........44 Sonia Catrina Eseu Nietzsche, creștinii și evreii...............................................................................................54 Alexandru Ștefănescu Identităţi postcomuniste Douăzeci de ani de „post-comunism”: radiografia unui faliment politic ..................... 61 Aurora Martin 20 de ani de la destrămarea Uniunii Sovietice. Noi provocări la adresa mediului contemporan de securitate ............................................................................................. 68 Olesea Ţăranu Identităţi post-comuniste în Republica Moldova ............................................................77 Iulian Chifu Terorismul transnaţional şi implicaţiile sale pentru statele-naţiune din sudul global......87 Cristina Aboboaie The Chiang Mai Initiative and Its Multilateralization: Toward an Asian Monetary Fund? ...95 Youngwon Cho De la Marx la Bismarck: socialismul după socialism ...................................................... 105 Cristian-Ion Popa Guvernul „Robin Hood”: câteva observaţii sociologice ................................................114 Sabin Drăgulin Democraţia românească în cheie liberală ...................................................................... 121 Vasile Pleșca Arhiva Legi rasiale în regimul Ion Antonescu ........................................................................... 126 Alexandru Florian Recenzie Despre teme esenţiale în studiul societăţii .................................................................... 131 Valentin Cojanu Bogdan Murgescu, România şi Europa. Acumularea decalajelor economice (1500-2010) Semnale ........................................................................................................................... 134 Index de autori ..............................................................................................................135 Editorial Schimbări istorice în raporturile de putere SERGIU TĂMAȘ [Diplomat Club] menirea traversează o fa- Abstract ză de discontinuitate isto- Humanity crosses a period of Orică cu urmări geopolitice historical discontinuity on the majore. Ritmul de dezvoltare al Statelor socio-politic and economic plan. Unite, al Uniunii Europene și a altor eco- The major changing vector is nomii occidentale este în declin, evoluţia represented by the emerging acestor societăţi fiind marcată de instabi- economies, whose development litate financiară, de crize ce se succed la high rates made them become intervale tot mai apropiate. Președintele the main contributor to the Bănci Mondiale Robert Zoellick declara, global growth. One of the în timpul vizitei făcut la Beijing, recent principal consequences of this în septembrie, că economia mondială transition is the remodeling of intră într-o „nouă zonă periculoasă”, iar the world’s order, the change in Nouriel Roubini într-o conferinţă în ca- the global balance of powers, drul Forumului pe probleme economice through the transition from the ţinut la Milano, tot în septembrie, preci- uni-polar world dominated by za că „ne aflăm într-o situaţie mai proas- the United States of America to tă decât în 2008”, aprecieri confirmate the multi-polar world in which și de raportul FMI din septembrie 2011 emerging powers’ position is, privind perspectivele economiei globa- more and more, taken into le.1 Pe fondul acestor declaraţii pesimiste, account. The progress registered Robert Zoellick aprecia că „ceea ce este by those emerging economies nou în lume faţă de trecut, pieţele emer- requires the reviewing of some gente, acestea sunt acum sursele creșterii theories, concepts and principles și oportunităţilor”...2 El a menţionat că în that orientate the economic and timp ce în anii 90 ai secolului trecut con- political contemporary practice. tribuţia „emergenţilor”la creșterea eco- nomică globală era de doar 20%, acum principala contribuţie provine din zona economiilor emergente. Consecinţa majoră a schimbărilor în curs de desfășurare este configurarea 1 International Monetary Fund: „World Eco- Keywords nomic Outlook: Slowing Growth, Rising Risks” (Washington, 11.09.2011) Global crisis; Emergent powers; 2 Robert Zoellick: Conferinţă de presă (Sydney, BRICS; Multipolarity; Power relations 14 august 2011) http:// www.worldbank.org Sfera Politicii nr. 11 (165) / 2011 3 unei lumii multi-polare, în care puterile emergente indeplinesc un rol din ce în ce mai important la nivel global ca un factor important și responsabil în restructurarea ordinii internaţionale, semnalând prin politicile lor că lumea unipolară dominată de Statele Unite devine istorie. Tranziţia de la unipolaritate la multipolaritate în ce privește natura și distribuţia puterii la nivel global modifică configuraţia geopolitică a lumii, și în același timp, reprezintă pentru știinta și practica socială o provocare ce incită la revederea unor teorii, concepte și principii, care orientează practica guver- nări în contextul globalizării. 1. Dificultăţile unei super-puteri. La sfârșitul celui de al doilea război mondial, după o scurtă perioadă „gri”, s-a structurat o ordine internaţională bipolară. Această ordine a fost marcată atât de competiţia economică, cât și de confruntările militare dintre Statele Unite și URSS, desfășurate direct sau prin intermediul ţărilor ce promovau politica uneia dintre cele două super-puteri, confruntări ce au adus omenirea, în repetate rânduri, în pragul unui război nuclear. Ordinea globală bipolară, a „războiului rece”
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