VYTAUTO DIDŽIOJO UNIVERSITETAS Justė

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VYTAUTO DIDŽIOJO UNIVERSITETAS Justė VYTAUTO DIDŽIOJO UNIVERSITETAS HUMANITARINIŲ MOKSLŲ FAKULTETAS UŽSIENIO KALBŲ, LITERATŪROS IR VERTIMO STUDIJŲ KATEDRA Justė Vaitiekūnaitė ISTORINĖ TRAUMA RŪTOS ŠEPETYS ROMANE „DRUSKA JŪRAI“ Bakalauro baigiamasis darbas Anglų filologijos studijų programa, valstybinis kodas 612Q30004 Anglų filologijos studijų kryptis Vadovė prof. dr. Ingrida Eglė Žindžiuvienė __________ __________ (parašas) (data) Apginta doc. dr. Rūta Eidukevičienė __________ __________ (parašas) (data} Kaunas, 2020 HISTORICAL TRAUMA IN RUTA SEPETYS' NOVEL SALT TO THE SEA By Justė Vaitiekūnaitė Department of Foreign Language, Literary and Translation Studies Vytautas Magnus University Bachelor of Arts Thesis Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Ingrida Eglė Žindžiuvienė 3 June 2020 Santrauka Šis baigiamasis darbas pateikia istorinės traumos analizę Rūtos Šepetys romane „Druska jūrai“. Šios analizės tikslas yra pristatyti terminą trauma bei nustatyti istorinės traumos pavyzdžius romane. Keturių pagrindinių personažų romane „Druska jūrai“ minčių citatos ir komentarai apie jas yra pateikti analitinėje dalyje. Tam, kad temos analizė būtų aiški, buvo atlikti tam tikri veiksmai analizuojant šį romaną. Šį baigiamąjį darbą sudaro penki skyriai, taip pat literatūrinių šaltinių sąrašas ir dveji priedai darbo pabaigoje. Pirmas šios analizės tikslas - pristatyti autorę Rūta Šepetys, jos populiarius romanus „Tarp pilkų debesų“ bei „Druska jūrai“. Ši informacija yra pateikta pirmame skyriuje, kuriame taip pat pristatyta šio baigiamojo darbo struktūra. Antras analizės tikslas – paaiškinti pagrindinius traumos tematikos literatūros kūrinių bruožus, pabrėžti skirtumus tarp individualios ir kolektyvinės traumų bei apibūdinti, kaip istorinė trauma pasireiškia šiuolaikiniuose romanuose. Visa ši informacija yra pateikta antrame šio darbo skyriuje, remiantis surinktomis teorinėmis mintimis. Trečias tikslas - pateikti istorinį romano „Druska jūrai“ kontekstą, tai atlikta trečiame skyriuje. Pagrindinis tikslas yra išanalizuoti romaną „Druska jūrai“ ketvirtame skyriuje, taikant surinktą teorinę informaciją apie istorinę traumą. Šiai analizei atlikti yra naudojami tyrimo metodai, vienas jų – romano „Druska jūrai“ analizė, pasitelkiant idėjas iš teorinės dalies. Taip pat yra pateikti individualios ir kolektyvinės traumos pavyzdžiai romane, cituojant pagrindinių veikėjų mintis bei jas analizuojant. Analizės pabaigoje yra pabrėžtos sąsajos tarp individualios ir kolektyvinės traumų. Analizės rezultatai yra aptarti bei išanalizuoti. Baigiamojo darbo apibendrinime yra pabrėžta, jog veikėjai romane kenčia nuo individualios bei kolekyvinės traumų, taip pat šios traumos yra glaudžiai susiję karo kontekste. Šios analizės rezultatai yra aktualūs, kadangi joje yra apibūdintas karo bei tragiškų istorinių įvykių poveikis žmonėms, jų psichologinei būklei, bei aptartas individualios bei kolektyvinės traumų susiformavimas. Išvadoje paminėta, jog yra svarbu skleisti informaciją apie istorinę traumą bei tragiškus įvykius, kurie ją sukėlė, tam, kad būtų galima išsaugoti prisiminimus apie svarbius istorinius įvykius ir pasimokyti apie juos. Šio darbo pabaigoje yra literatūros šaltinių sąrašas bei dveji priedai: priedas A („Rūtos Šepetys romano „Druska jūrai“ santrauka“) bei priedas B („Wilhelm Gustloff ir S-13: 1945 m. sausis“). Summary This bachelor thesis analyzes historical trauma in Ruta Sepetys’ novel Salt to the Sea. The aim of the research is to elucidate the meaning of trauma and to determine how the historical trauma is reflected in the novel. Thoughts of the four main characters in the novel Salt to the Sea are quoted and commented in the analytical part. Certain actions were taken in order to provide the clear analysis of the theme. This bachelor thesis consists of five chapters, the list of works cited and the two appendices at the end of the thesis. The first objective of the research is to introduce the author Ruta Sepetys, her popular novels Between Shades of Gray and Salt to the Sea, and the structure of the thesis paper. This information is presented in the first introductory section. The second objective is to explain the main concepts of trauma fiction, to distinguish the differences between individual and collective traumas and to define the presence of historical trauma in contemporary novels. All this information is provided in the second section of the theoretical part, based on the collected theoretical ideas. The third objective is to provide the historical context of the novel Salt to the Sea in the third section. The main objective is to analyze the novel Salt to the Sea applying the collected theoretical information about historical trauma in the fourth section. Research methodology includes analyzing the novel Salt to the Sea with reference to the ideas from the theoretical part. Examples of individual and collective historical traumas in the novel are introduced, while quoting the main characters in the novel. At the end of the research, the interconnection between individual and collective traumas is emphasized. The results of the research are discussed and summarized in the fifth section. In the conclusion, it is stated that characters in the novel suffer from both individual and collective traumas and that these traumas are interconnected in the context of war. This analysis is relevant because it emphasizes the impact of the war and horrendous events to person’s mental state and the emergence of individual and collective traumas. Also, it is important to spread the information about historical trauma and the tragic events that caused it, in order to preserve the memories of important historical events and to learn about them. There is a list of works cited at the end of the paper, which is followed by Appendix A (“Plot Summary of Ruta Sepetys’ Novel Salt to the Sea”) and Appendix B (“Wilhelm Gustloff and S-13: January 1945”). TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 1 2 MAIN CONCEPTS OF TRAUMA FICTION ................................................................................................ 3 2.1 INDIVIDUAL AND COLLECTIVE TRAUMA..................................................................................................... 5 2.2 TRAUMA NARRATIVES AND THEIR STRUCTURES ........................................................................................ 6 2.3 HISTORICAL TRAUMA IN CONTEMPORARY NOVELS ................................................................................... 8 3 SOCIO-HISTORICAL CONTEXT OF THE NOVEL SALT TO THE SEA ................................................. 10 4 REPRESENTATION OF HISTORICAL TRAUMA IN RUTA SEPETYS’ NOVEL SALT TO THE SEA 13 4.1 THE STRUCTURE OF THE NOVEL SALT TO THE SEA .................................................................................... 13 4.2 INDIVIDUAL TRAUMA IN THE NOVEL SALT TO THE SEA ............................................................................. 17 4.3 COLLECTIVE TRAUMA IN THE NOVEL SALT TO THE SEA ............................................................................ 23 5 CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................................. 31 WORKS CITED ................................................................................................................................................... APPENDIX A “PLOT SUMMARY OF RUTA SEPETYS’ NOVEL SALT TO THE SEA”............................... APPENDIX B “WILHELM GUSTLOFF AND S-13: JANUARY 1945” ............................................................ 1 Introduction The theme of this BA thesis is historical trauma in Ruta Sepetys’ novel Salt to the Sea. This novel reflects the horrors and trauma caused by the historical events of World War II. The story presents characters who have different backgrounds of their life and who face the difficulties and dangers of the period. Together they try to survive the war. In order to survive, they have to find strength in themselves and adapt to the circumstances that cannot be changed. The circumstances are so harsh that the traumatic experience of the characters is inevitable. The aim of the research is to analyze the Ruta Sepetys’ novel Salt to the Sea and to determine how historical trauma is reflected in the lives of the characters. In addition to this, the aim is to analyze the term historical trauma and determine how it is reflected in the lives of characters in the novel Salt to the Sea. Theoretical research was conducted in order to provide precise information about the meaning and types of trauma. The ideas of writers and editors, such as Jeffrey C. Alexander, Sara. Constantakis, Aurelija Daukšaitė, Jerome De Groot, Mustafa Kirca, Hywel Dix, Cathryn Prince. Reinholf Pflugfelder, Rudolph Rummel, Jack Saul, Ruta Sepetys, Renee Steinberg, John Toland, Robert J. Ursano, B. G. McCaughey, C. S. Fullerton, Peter A. Levine, Ruth Leys, Anne Whitehead, Laurie Vickroy, David T. Zabecki, William H. Van Husen, Carl O. Schuster, and Marcus O. Jones were quoted in this paper. Ruta Sepetys is the author of fiction appropriate for the readers of different age groups. As Sarah Constantakis states, she is “a crossover novelist, with broad appeal to both adult and teen readers” (Constantakis 2). These facts are stated in Sepetys’ biography: “She was born in Detroit, Michigan, on November 19, 1967. Her father, a Lithuanian, survived nine years in refugee camps before he was resettled
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