DOCSLIB.ORG

A Study of Educational Opportunity for Punjabi Youth. Final Report. INSTITUTION South Asian American Education Association, Stockton, CA

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Study of Educational Opportunity for Punjabi Youth. Final Report. INSTITUTION South Asian American Education Association, Stockton, CA DOCUMENT RESUME ED 236 276 UD 023 154 AUTHOR Gibson, Margaret A. TITLE Home-School-Community Linkages: A Study of Educational Opportunity for Punjabi Youth. Final Report. INSTITUTION South Asian American Education Association, Stockton, CA. SPONS AGENCY Department of Education, Washington, DC. PUB DATE 83 GRANT NIE-G-80-0123 NOTE 270p.; Funding was provided by the Home, Community, and Work Program. PUB TYPE Reports - Research/Technical (143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC11 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Academic Achievement; *Cultural Influences; Educational Opportunities; *Family School Relationship; High Schools; *Immigrants; *Indians; Minority Groups; *Parent Attitudes; Religious Cultural Groups; School Community Relationship; Student Behavior; *Success IDENTIFIERS California; *Sikhs ABSTRACT This report presents findings from ethnographic research that focused on factors which promote and impede educational opportunity for Punjabi Sikh immigrants in "Valleyside," an agricultural town in California. The report is divided into two parts. Part one considers the setting and the sociocultural context for schooling ia "Valleyside." Drawing from interviews with Punjabi and non-immigrant residents, parents' views of life in America, job opportunities, family structure, social relations, and child rearing are described. Background on Punjabis in India is provided.Their reasons for immigrating to the United States, their theory of success, and their life strategies are explored. In addition, social relations between'Punjabis and members of the mainstream majority are discussed. This section closes with a comparative analysis of child rearing, emphasizing those patterns most directly related to school performance at the secondary level. The second half of the report focuses on schooling itself by examining social, structural, and cultural factors which influence educational opportunity, home-school relations, and school response patterns. The ways in which the high school curriculum structure and various academic "tracks" create barriers to educational opportunity are explored. Social relations among students are also discussed. The study demonstrates that immigrant minorities may do well in school even when cast as subordinate by a dominant group and that cultural differences do not necessarily inhibit educational achievement. Specifically, findings indicate the importance of high self-esteem, self-reliance, and parental support. All of these aspects of Punjabi culture strongly contribute to success. (GC) HOME-SCHOOL-COMMUNITY LINKAGES: A STUDY OF EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY FOR PUNJABI YOUTH FINAL REPORT NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION Grant Number NIE-G-80-0123 1983 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this docu- ment do not necessarily represent official NIE Position or policy. SOUTH ASIAN AMERICAN EDUCATION ASSOCIATION HOME-SCHOOL-COMMUNITY LINKAGES: A STUDY OF EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY FOR PUNJABI YOUTH by Margaret A. Gibson Department of Anthropology California State University, Sacramento Sacramento, California 95819 SOUTH ASIAN AMERICAN EDUCATION ASSOCIATION POST OFFICE BOX 4294 STOCKTON, CALIFORNIA 95204 PROJECT STAFF BOARD OF DIRECTORS MARGARET A. GIBSON, Ph.D. AMARJIT S. BAL Principal Investigator President AMARJIT S. BAL, Ph.D. KARAM S. MAUGHAN CoInvestigator Vice President GURDIP K. DHILLON GURCHARN S. SANDHU Research Assistant Secretary ELIZABETH C. MCINTOSH AMARJIT S. AUJLA Research Assistant Assistant Secretary HASSAN POLADI Treasurer SOHAN S. BIRING Assistant Treasurer AMAR S. GILL Auditor BALBIR S. RAI Director TEJINDER BAL Director PROJECT ABSTRACT HOME-SCHOOL-COMMUNITY LINKAGES: A STUDY OF EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY FOR PUNJABI YOUTH by Margaret A. Gibson This case study of educational opportunity, a collaborative ethnography, examines the interrelation among social, cultural, and structural factors which influence school performance. It focuses on an immigrant group at the high school level, Punjabi Sikhs, and treats both poor school performance and success. The research site is a large, agricultural -own in California. The research utilizes interviews, questionnaires, and direct observation of Punjabi and mainstream students, their parents, teachers, and administrators. Quantitative measures of success are drawn from school records. The research compares Punjabi and mainstream, males and females, new immigrants and second generation. It examines the cultural processes of prejudice and Americanization. Tracking and ESL are also treated. The study describes a case of educational and economic success by Asian Americans. The success of the Punjabis is all the more remarkable considering the context of their achievements. The study shows how analysis of /tan immigrants can contribute to understanding of factors affecting opportunity. Immigrant minorities may do well, in school, even when cast as subordinate by a dominant grout,. Greater barriers to equal educational opportunity were found to arise out of the structure of school programs and the prejudiced nature of majority-minority social relations than from home - school cultural differences. Findings indicate the importance of high self-esteem and parental support for education, whatever the student's background. Self-reliance is also significant, although Punjabi and mainstream definitions differ. This case suggests that while home-school discontinuity can lead to performance dysfunction in the classroom, cultural differences do not necessarily inhibit educational achieve- ment. Aspects of Punjabi culture contribute strongly to success. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The Punjabi Education Project, from its inception, has been a cooperative undertaking involving students, parents, community members, educational practitioners, and researchers. At the local level Project participants were most concerned about the improvement of education in Valleyside and the insight which research findings might provide. Toward this end the school district opened its doors to a team of outside researchers, not only permitting scrutiny within the schools for the duration of the Project, but providing guidance and assistance to the Project every step along the way. Without the support of the District Superintendent, the High School Principal, and many other administrators and teachers, we would neither have known the questions to ask nor had the ability to answer them. Our hope is that the insights gleaned will aid Valleyside educators in their ongoing efforts to strengthen educational programs and improve social relations among the different groups they serve. The views of students, parents, and educators, both Punjabi and Valleysider, provide the substance of this report. We have endeavored to represent their views accurately and know that what we have learned is the result of their willingness to share so fully their ideas and opinions. In keeping with our commitment to them, they, and all others who have participated in the Project, shall remain anonymous. The Project was administered by the South Asian American Educa tion Association, a nonprofit community organization dedicated to the goals of improving educational opportunities for South Asian American youngsters and promoting understanding and appreciation of the cultural heritage of the South Asian American people among Americans iv 6 in general. We are indebted to the Board of Directors of the Association for their support. Special thanks goes to Major Gurcharn S. Sandhu for his staunch backlag of the research and his own tireless contribution to the Project's administration. As principal investigator I wish to express my gratitude to the research team and to all those who helped carry out the work of the Project. My colleague and co-investigator Amarjit Bel sparked my initial interest in Punjabi Americans and throughout the past three years has greatly contributed to my understanding of Sikhs, Sikhism, and the Punjab. A separate, complementary report presents his analysis and findings. Gurdip Dhillon and Beth McIntosh, research assistants, who many times must have wondered if the fieldwork phase would ever end, were always willing to contribute to the Project in ways that far exceeded their job descriptions. Ms. McIntosh conducted with great skill and dedication a large share of all Valleysider parent and student interviews, as well as performing myriad other essential tasks. Ms. Dhillon ran our field office, managing ever cheerfully to keep track of seemingly endless sets of details, and translated and transcribed all the Punjabi language interviews, an enormous undertaking which she performed with great competence and good humor. Our thanks go also to Amarjit Aujla, Davinder Deol, Dorothy Roberts, and Rajinder Singh for assistance in conducting parent inter- views; to Vee Carney for transcription of interviews; Tony Wruck for computer assistance; Dorothea Theodoratus for administrative guidance; the staff of the Cross Cultural Resource Center for assistance with xeroxing; and Jack Cornelius for serving so competently as the Project's accountant. A draft copy of this report has been reviewed, chapter by chapter, by Neelam Agarwal, Martha Bunce, Darleen Dhillon, Hari Singh Everest, Andros Karperos, Bruce La Brack, John Ogbu, Bidya Pradhan, Baldev Singh, Jane Singh, ani George Zerkovich. I am
Load more

Recommended publications
  • United Punjab: Exploring Composite Culture in a New Zealand Punjabi Film Documentary
    sites: new series · vol 16 no 2 · 2019 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11157/sites-id445 – article – SANJHA PUNJAB – UNITED PUNJAB: EXPLORING COMPOSITE CULTURE IN A NEW ZEALAND PUNJABI FILM DOCUMENTARY Teena J. Brown Pulu,1 Asim Mukhtar2 & Harminder Singh3 ABSTRACT This paper examines the second author’s positionality as the researcher and sto- ryteller of a PhD documentary film that will be shot in New Zealand, Pakistan, and North India. Adapting insights from writings on Punjab’s composite culture, the film will begin by framing the Christchurch massacre at two mosques on 15 March 2019 as an emotional trigger for bridging Punjabi migrant communi- ties in South Auckland, prompting them to reimagine a pre-partition setting of ‘Sanjha Punjab’ (United Punjab). Asim Mukhtar’s identity as a Punjabi Muslim from Pakistan connects him to the Punjabi Sikhs of North India. We use Asim’s words, experiences, and diary to explore how his insider role as a member of these communities positions him as the subject of his research. His subjectivity and identity then become sense-making tools for validating Sanjha Punjab as an enduring storyboard of Punjabi social memory and history that can be recorded in this documentary film. Keywords: united Punjab; composite culture; migrants; Punjabis; Pakistani; Muslims; Sikhs; South Auckland. INTRODUCTION The concept ‘Sanjha Punjab – United Punjab’ cuts across time, international and religious boundaries. On March 15, 2019, this image of a united Punjab inspired Pakistani Muslim Punjabis and Indian Sikh Punjabis to cooperate in support of Pakistani families caught in the terrorist attacks at Al Noor Masjid and Linwood Majid in Christchurch.
    [Show full text]
  • Helweg, Arthur W.. Asian Indians in Michigan, Michigan State University Press, 2002
    Copyright © 2002. Michigan State University Press. All rights reserved. State University Press. © 2002. Michigan Copyright Helweg, Arthur W.. Asian Indians in Michigan, Michigan State University Press, 2002. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/wayne/detail.action?docID=3338238. Created from wayne on 2018-09-25 06:43:54. Asian Indians in Michigan Copyright © 2002. Michigan State University Press. All rights reserved. State University Press. © 2002. Michigan Copyright Helweg, Arthur W.. Asian Indians in Michigan, Michigan State University Press, 2002. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/wayne/detail.action?docID=3338238. Created from wayne on 2018-09-25 06:43:54. DISCOVERING THE PEOPLES OF MICHIGAN Arthur w. Helweg and linwood H. Cousins, Series Editors Ethnicity in Michigan: Issues and People Jack Glazier, Arthur W. Helweg French Canadians in Michigan John P. DuLong African Americans in Michigan Lewis Walker, Benjamin C. Wilson, linwood H. Cousins Albanians in Michigan Frances Trix Jews in Michigan Judith Levin Cantor Amish in Michigan Gertrude Enders Huntington Italians in Michigan Russell M. Magnaghi Germans in Michigan Jeremyw. Kilar Poles in Michigan Dennis Badaczewski Dutch in Michigan Larry ten Harmsel Asian Indians in Michigan Arthur W. Helweg Discovering the Peoples of Michigan is a series of publications examining the state's rich mul­ ticultural heritage. The series makes available an interesting, affordable, and varied collection of books that enables students and lay readers to explore Michigan's ethnic dynamics. A knowledge of the state's rapidly changing multicultural history has far- reaching implications Copyright © 2002. Michigan State University Press. All rights reserved. State University Press.
    [Show full text]
  • 1. Introduction “Bhand-Marasi”
    1. INTRODUCTION “BHAND-MARASI” A Folk-Form of Punjabi theatre Bhand-Marasi is a Folk-Form of Punjabi theatre. My project is based on Punjabi folk-forms. I am unable to work on all the existing folk-forms of Punjab because of limited budget & time span. By taking in concern the current situation of the Punjabi folk theatre, I together with my whole group, strongly feel that we should put some effort in preventing this particular folk-form from being extinct. Bhand-Marasi had been one of the chief folk-form of celebration in Punjabi culture. Nowadays, people don’t have much time to plan longer celebrations at homes since the concept of marriage palaces & banquet halls has arrived & is in vogue these days to celebrate any occasion in the family. Earlier, these Bhand-Marasis used to reach people’s home after they would get the wind of any auspicious tiding & perform in their courtyard; singing holy song, dancing, mimic, becoming characters of the host family & making or enacting funny stories about these family members & to wind up they would pray for the family’s well-being. But in the present era, their job of entertaining the people has been seized by the local orchestra people. Thus, the successors of these Bhand- Marasis are forced to look for other jobs for their living. 2. OBJECTIVE At present, we feel the need of “Data- Creation” of this Folk Theatre-Form of Punjab. Three regions of Punjab Majha, Malwa & Doaba differ in dialect, accent & in the folk-culture as well & this leads to the visible difference in the folk-forms of these regions.
    [Show full text]
  • Tona , the Folk Healing Practices in Rural Punjab
    TONA, THE FOLK HEALING PRACTICES IN RURAL PUNJAB, PAKISTAN AZHER HAMEED QAMAR PhD student Norwegian Centre for Child Research (NOSEB) Norwegian University of Science and Technology Pavilion C, Dragvoll, Loholt allé 87, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Consulting religion and magic for healing is an important aspect of healing belief practices. Magical thinking provides space for culturally cognitive patterns to inte- grate belief practices. Tona, a layman’s approach to healing that describes magico- religious (fusion of magic and religion) and secular magic practices in rural Pun- jab, Pakistan, is an example of magico-religious and secular magical practice. The purpose of this study is to analyse tona as it is practiced to cure childhood diseases (sokra and sharwa) in Muslim Punjab, Pakistan. This is an ethnographic study I con- ducted using participant observation and unstructured interviews as the primary research methods. The study produced an in-depth analysis of tona as a healing belief practice in the light of Frazer’s principles of magical thinking and sympa- thetic magic. The study provides a deeper understanding of the magical thinking in magico-religious healing belief practices. KEYWORDS: childcare beliefs • folk remedies • religion • magic • magico-reli- gious healing • magical thinking INTRODUCTION Healthcare beliefs as an elementary component of the basic human instinct of survival exist in all cultures. Consulting religion and magic to control and manipulate nature and contact divine power is an important aspect of healing belief practices. These belief practices are religious, non-religious or may present a fused picture of religious/non- religious beliefs.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Constructions of Ethnicity: Research on Punjabi Immigrants in California
    Historical Constructions of Ethnicity: Research on Punjabi Immigrants in California KAREN LEONARD IMMIGRANTS FROM the Punjab province of India came to California at the turn of the twentieth century and settled in the state's major agricultural valleys. About five hundred of these men married Mexican and Mexican-American women, creating a Punjabi Mexican second generation which thought of itself as "Hindu" (the name given to immi­ grants from India in earlier decades). This biethnic community poses interesting questions about the construction and transformation of ethnic identity, and the interpretations of outsiders contrast with those of the pioneers and their descendants. These interpretations direct attention to the historical contingency of ethnic identity and to the many voices which participate in its definition. Punjabi Immigrants and the Punjabi-Mexican Families The community of immigrants from South Asia has changed dramati­ cally over time. Table 1 shows the small numbers of Asian Indians and their concentration in rural California in the first half of the twentieth century. While the figures do not indicate place of origin in South Asia, the overwhelming majority of the pre-1946 immigrants were men from the Punjab in northwestern India.1 This table also shows the effect of later changes in citizenship and immigration laws: a large increase in numbers, diffusion throughout the United States, and a shift to urban centers. In 1946, the Luce-Celler Bill made Asian Indians eligible for citizenship, and the oldtimers were allowed to sponsor a small number of new immigrants (the 1924 National Origins Act, applicable once Indians could become citizens, established an annual quota of 100 for India).
    [Show full text]
  • Karen Leonard's Punjabi-Mexican American Papers M1808
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8j38r9p No online items Guide to Karen Leonard's Punjabi-Mexican American papers M1808 Finding aid prepared by Everardo Rodriguez Dept. of Special Collections & University Archives Stanford University Libraries. 557 Escondido Mall Stanford, California, 94305 Email: [email protected] 2012-5-2 Guide to Karen Leonard's M1808 1 Punjabi-Mexican American papers M1808 Title: Karen Leonard's Punjabi-Mexican American papers Identifier/Call Number: M1808 Contributing Institution: Dept. of Special Collections & University Archives Language of Material: English Physical Description: 7.5 Linear feet(14 manuscript boxes, 1 flat box) Date (inclusive): 1900-1990 Abstract: Included in this collection are 5 linear feet of research materials that include county records of marriage, birth and death certificates, documentation on civil cases, articles and photographs, correspondence, as well as other vital statistics and genealogical information related to the Punjabi Mexican Americans in California. Scope and Contents The Punjabi Mexican American collection consists of Karen Leonard's research materials, which were the basis for her book MAKING ETHNIC CHOICES; CALIFORNIA'S PUNJABI MEXICAN AMERICANS (1992), as well as for the PBS documentary ROOTS IN THE SAND (1998). Karen B. Leonard is Professor of Anthropology and Asian American Studies at the University of California, Irvine. Her interests in the Asian American community let to the research she conducted on the intercultural relations that developed between immigrant Punjabi men and women of Mexican descent during the early 1900s. Through her research, Prof. Leonard was able to conduct interviews and gather vital statistics to recreate the many aspects of survival, politics, class, language and religion that these two groups experienced.
    [Show full text]
  • E:\2019\Other Books\Final\Darshan S. Tatla\New Articles\Final Articles.Xps
    EXPLORING ISSUES AND PROJECTS FOR COOPERATION BETWEEN EAST AND WEST PUNJAB WORLD PUNJABI CENTRE Monographs and Occasional Papers Series The World Punjabi Centre was established at Punjabi University, Patiala in 2004 at the initiative of two Chief Ministers of Punjabs of India and Pakistan. The main objective of this Centre is to bring together Punjabis across the globe on various common platforms, and promote cooperation across the Wagah border separating the two Punjabs of India and Pakistan. It was expected to have frequent exchange of scholarly meetings where common issues of Punjabi language, culture and trade could be worked out. This Monograph and Occasional Papers Series aims to highlight some of the issues which are either being explored at the Centre or to indicate their importance in promoting an appreciation and understanding of various concerns of Punjabis across the globe. It is hoped other scholars will contribute to this series from their respective different fields. Monographs 1. Exploring Possibilities of Cooperation among Punjabis in the Global Context – (Proceedings of the Conference held in 2006), Edited by J. S. Grewal, Patiala: World Punjabi Centre, 2008, 63pp. 2. Bhagat Singh and his Legend, (Papers Presented at the Conference in 2007) Edited by J. S. Grewal, Patiala: World Punjabi Centre, 2008, 280pp. Occasional Papers Series 1. Exploring Issues and Projects For Cooperation between East and West Punjab, Balkar Singh & Darshan S. Tatla, Patiala: World Punjabi Centre, Occasional Papers Series No. 1, 2019 2. Sikh Diaspora Archives: An Outline of the Project, Darshan S. Tatla & Balkar Singh, Patiala: World Punjabi Centre, Occasional Papers Series No.
    [Show full text]
  • Globalisation and Punjabi Identity Globalisation and Punjabi Identity: Resistance, Relocation and Reinvention (Yet Again!)
    153 Pritam Singh: Globalisation and Punjabi Identity Globalisation and Punjabi Identity: Resistance, Relocation and Reinvention (Yet Again!) Pritam Singh Oxford Brookes University _______________________________________________________________ Punjabiyat or Punjabi identity evokes simultaneous contradictory images of a splintered identity, yet a potentially powerful economic, political and cultural force. This paper attempts to capture different aspects of this contradictory nature by situating the conflicting pulls on Punjabi identity in the context of the ongoing process of globalisation of economy, politics and culture. One aspect of globalisation that is particularly taken into account is the role of the Punjabi diaspora in giving impetus both to the powerful imagining of a unified Punjabi identity and to many divisions in the global Punjabi community. Methodologically, the paper attempts to fuse mapping the historical lineages of Punjabi identity with an analytical interrogation of the idea of Punjabiyat or Punjabi identity. It concludes by outlining the potential for the emergence of a stronger Punjabi identity in spite of fissures in that identity. _______________________________________________________________ Introduction When thinking and writing about Punjabi identity, it seems we feel compelled immediately to mention one or other of those accompanying words whose purpose seems to be to qualify and problematise the subject of Punjabi identity. These accompanying words could be: examine, interrogate and explore.1 Though all of these words connote some degree of hesitation, each signifies a different nuance of that hesitation. If interrogation suggests some kind of scepticism and examination hints at a neutral stance, exploration certainly has a developmental and optimistic ring about it. Behind different shades of scepticism and optimism lie not only the attempts at objective unwrapping of the limitations and potentialities of Punjabi identity but also the political projects aimed at undoing and making it.
    [Show full text]
  • BECOMING NEW Yoitkeits
    BECOMING NEW YOitKEitS ETHNOGR.APHIES OF THE NEW SECOND GENEMTION PHILIP KASINITZ, JOHN H. MOLLENKOPF, AND MAltY C. WATER.S, EDITOR_S RuSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION, NEW YORK The Russell Sage Foundation The Russell Sage Foundation, one of the oldest of America's general purpose foundations, was ' established in 1907 by Mrs. Margaret Olivia Sage for "the improvement of social and living conditions in the United States." The Foundation seeks to fulfill this mandate by fostering the development and dissemination of knowledge about the country's political, social, and eco- nomic problems. While the Foundation endeavors to assure the accuracy and objectivity of each book it publishes, the conclusions and interpretations in Russell Sage Foundation publi- cations are those of the authors and not of the Foundation, irs Trustees, or its staff. Publica- J tion by Russell Sage, therefore, does not imply Foundation endorsement. BOARD OF TRUSTEES For Basya Xiaoshan Kasinitz, Robert E. Denham, Chair Katie Xiaorong Bayly, Harry Quang Bayly, Alan S. Blinder Jennifer L. Hochschild Cora B. Marrett Christine K. Cassel Timothy A. Hultquist Eugene Smolensky Maggie Chun Ning Bayly, Thomas D. Cook Kathleen Hall Jamieson Eric Wanner and Mira Chun Kasinitz John A. Ferejohn Melvin Konner Mary C. Waters Larry V. Hedges -all "1.5 generation," albeit of an unusual sort- and Emily Gerson Mollenkopf Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data -4th generation (more or less)- Becoming New Yorkers : ethnographies of the new second generation I edited by and the very different America they will inherit. Philip Kasinitz, John H. Mollenkopf, and Mary C. Waters. p. em. Includes bibliographical references and index.
    [Show full text]
  • Potential of Food Tourism in Three Major Cities of Punjab
    [ VOLUME 5 I ISSUE 4 I OCT.– DEC. 2018] E ISSN 2348 –1269, PRINT ISSN 2349-5138 POTENTIAL OF FOOD TOURISM IN THREE MAJOR CITIES OF PUNJAB Varinder Singh Rana1, Dr. Piyush Sharma 2 & Dr. Arun Singh Thakur3 1Research Scholar, Amity School of Hospitality, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh and Deputy Dean, Faculty of Hospitality, GNA University, Phagwara (Punjab) 2Associate Professor, Faculty of Hospitality and Tourism, Amity University, Uttar Pradesh 3Assistant Professor, University Institute of Hotel & Tourism Management, Panjab University, Chandigarh Received: July 02, 2018 Accepted: August 26, 2018 ABSTRACT Food tourism additionally referred to as Culinary Tourism outlined because the exploration of food for the motive of tourism. In India, food is evaluated as a sort of art that's continued once generation and its style is unrivaled with alternative regions (Kumar, 2018), however the style, texture, look and therefore the color of the food is completely different as compared thereto of alternative states. The province of Punjab is prestigious for its preparation, culture and history. The main purpose of this research is to determine the potential of food tourism in Punjab particularly the areas of Amritsar, Jalandhar and Patiala. The study is communicatory and aims at the outline of the state of food tourism in Punjab and also the perceptions of tourists towards it, the chosen analysis style is that the descriptive analysis style. Keywords: Food Tourism, Punjab, Potential 1. INTRODUCTION Food tourism additionally referred to as Culinary Tourism outlined because the exploration of food for the motive of tourism. In modern era, it's currently thought of as a vital part for the aim of tourism expertise (Ab Karim and Chi, 2010).
    [Show full text]
  • The Impact of Partition on Delhis Food Culture
    Shabd Braham E ISSN 2320 – 0871 International Research Journal of Indian languages 17 January 2018 Peer Reviewed Refereed Research Journal The Impact of Partition on Delhi’s Food Culture Shashi Bhushan Deo (Researcher) Centre of Historical Studies School of Social Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi Introduction therefore, for the Hindu and Sikh refugees On 15th August, 2017 India celebrated 70th from the urban areas of Western Punjab anniversary of independence. Independence Delhi appeared to be a more suitable of India, as we know, was achieved after a destination. Furthermore, by the time the long and hard fought struggle against the hapless refugees reached Delhi, they had British Raj. This independence, was neither the resources nor the energy and will however, accompanied by the trauma of to carry the onward journey. partition of the country into India and If we go by the Census of 1941, Delhi’s Pakistan. Though estimates vary, the population stood at about 9.18 lakh in 1941. massive communal rioting in and around the By the 1947 it had risen to about 9.5 lakh. event of partition claimed the lives of about a Out of this, about 3.3 lakh Muslims left the million people. In the words of Gyanendra city for Pakistan in the wake of communal Pandey: “Perhaps the most obvious sign of trouble surrounding partition. At the same partition of India was the massive violence time about 5 lakh Hindu and Sikh refugees that surrounded, accompanied or constituted entered into Delhi. The Census of 1951 put it” 1 The fear created by these riots led to the Delhi’s population at 17.44 lakh.
    [Show full text]
  • Jasbir Singh Kang, MD Punjabi American Heritage Society (PAHS) Yuba City, CA
    Jasbir Singh Kang, MD Punjabi American Heritage Society (PAHS) Yuba City, CA Becoming American Permanent Museum Exhibit Community Memorial Museum Maharaja Ranjit Singh In 1801, Ranjit Singh became Maharaja (ruler) of Punjab. With his well-trained army, which included some Europeans, he united various factions in the region into one united Sikh kingdom. Though he ruled in the name of the Sikh Gurus, he included Muslims and Hindus in his administration. In 1802, he took control of the holy city of Amritsar, and began the beautification of Harmandir Sahib, the “Golden Temple.” His kingdom survived just ten years after his death in 1839, under pressure from the British. Maharaja Ranjit Singh, ruled undivided Punjab and northwest region of Indian Subcontinent from 1799 to 1839. Photo courtesy of Dr. Raghbir Singh Bains. Ranjit Singh's Family Maharaja Dalip Singh Ranjit Singh’s youngest son, Dalip Singh, succeeded him as Maharaja at age 5. Political leaders and generals took advantage of Dalip Singh’s youth and began seizing power. The kingdom soon fell apart. British and Sikhs fought two fierce battles called the Anglo-Sikh Wars. The British gained control of Punjab in 1849. To prevent the Sikhs from rebelling further, the British took Dalip Singh to England where they controlled his education, religious beliefs, social status, and business dealings. Despite all their efforts, as an adult he claimed stake to the state of Punjab. For Punjabis, Dalip Singh Photo courtesy of Dr. Narinder S. Kapany. represented the independence of their state as well as its loss to Britain. Being exiled from his homeland, he took refuge in Paris where he later died.
    [Show full text]