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Guide to Karen Leonard's Punjabi-Mexican American papers M1808

Finding aid prepared by Everardo Rodriguez Dept. of Special Collections & University Archives Stanford University Libraries. 557 Escondido Mall Stanford, California, 94305 Email: [email protected] 2012-5-2

Guide to Karen Leonard's M1808 1 Punjabi-Mexican American papers M1808 Title: Karen Leonard's Punjabi-Mexican American papers Identifier/Call Number: M1808 Contributing Institution: Dept. of Special Collections & University Archives Language of Material: English Physical Description: 7.5 Linear feet(14 manuscript boxes, 1 flat box) Date (inclusive): 1900-1990 Abstract: Included in this collection are 5 linear feet of research materials that include county records of marriage, birth and death certificates, documentation on civil cases, articles and photographs, correspondence, as well as other vital statistics and genealogical information related to the Punjabi Mexican Americans in California. Scope and Contents The Punjabi Mexican American collection consists of Karen Leonard's research materials, which were the basis for her book MAKING ETHNIC CHOICES; CALIFORNIA'S PUNJABI MEXICAN AMERICANS (1992), as well as for the PBS documentary ROOTS IN THE SAND (1998). Karen B. Leonard is Professor of Anthropology and Asian American Studies at the University of California, Irvine. Her interests in the Asian American community let to the research she conducted on the intercultural relations that developed between immigrant Punjabi men and women of Mexican descent during the early 1900s. Through her research, Prof. Leonard was able to conduct interviews and gather vital statistics to recreate the many aspects of survival, politics, class, language and religion that these two groups experienced. Karen Leonard's Punjabi Mexican American papers In the early twentieth century, men from India's Punjab province came to California to work on the land. The new immigrants had few chances to marry. There were very few marriageable Indian women available in California, and miscegenation laws and racial prejudice limited their ability to find white Americans. Discovering an unexpected compatibility, Punjabis married women of Mexican descent and these alliances inspired others as the men introduced their bachelor relatives and friends to the sisters and friends of their wives. These biracial families developed an identity as "Hindus" but also as Americans within intricate religious contexts. This collection documents the sociocultural interactions between Punjabi men and women of Mexican descent that took place during the early 1900s. This collection also documents some aspects of the agricultural history of California from north of Sacramento to the southern part of the state. Access to Collection The materials are open for research use. Audio-visual materials are not available in original format, and must be reformatted to a digital use copy. Publication Rights All requests to reproduce, publish, quote from, or otherwise use collection materials must be submitted in writing to the Head of Special Collections and University Archives, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, California 94304-6064. Consent is given on behalf of Special Collections as the owner of the physical items and is not intended to include or imply permission from the copyright owner. Such permission must be obtained from the copyright owner, heir(s) or assigns. See: http://library.stanford.edu/depts/spc/pubserv/permissions.html. Restrictions also apply to digital representations of the original materials. Use of digital files is restricted to research and educational purposes. Preferred Citation [identification of item], Karen Leonard's Punjabi-Mexican American papers (M1808). Dept. of Special Collections and University Archives, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif. Acquisition Information This collection was a gift from Karen Leonard to Stanford University, Special Collections in February, 2011. Processing Information Note Collection processed by Everardo Rodriguez. Subjects and Indexing Terms Leonard, Karen Agricultural laborers--California--History--20th Century East Indians--California--History Interracial marriage--California

Guide to Karen Leonard's M1808 2 Punjabi-Mexican American papers M1808 Mexican Americans--California Panjabi Americans--California. Punjabi Americans--California

Box 1, Folder 1 Pending Butte Co. Box 1, Folder 2 Library Box 1, Folder 3 Phone Book Summaries Box 1, Folder 4 Lists Various (to Ted Sibia) Box 1, Folder 5 State Wide Vital Stat. Summaries (Includes "minor" counties: L.A., Riverside, Orenge) Box 1, Folder 6 Imperial Co. Multiple Marriages Box 1, Folder 7 Sutter Co. Vital Stats. Box 1, Folder 8 Fresno & Tulare Box 1, Folder 9 Yuba Co. Vital Stats. Box 1, Folder 10 Correspondence w miscellaneous (non-Hindus) Box 1, Folder 11 Imperial Co. Death Certificates Box 1, Folder 12 Sacramento City Vital Stats. Box 1, Folder 13 Imperial Valley College Box 1, Folder 14 "Ethnic Choices" Bibliography Box 1, Folder 15 Naturalization Box 1, Folder 16 Civil & Criminal lawsuits Box 1, Folder 17 Tables & Photos & appendices Box 1, Folder 18 Banks Imperial Valley Box 1, Folder 19 Informants list Box 2, Folder 1 Resources & papers Netw. SSHA Box 2, Folder 2 Japanese Box 2, Folder 3 Early Urban Indians Box 2, Folder 4 Non-Sikhs - E. Indians Box 2, Folder 5 Register of Sikhs Box 2, Folder 6 Names / Naming patterns Box 2, Folder 7 Baptism etc. Catholic records Box 2, Folder 8 Questionaire / Questions Box 2, Folder 9 HSTS - unfinished Box 2, Folder 10 Imperial Co. Births Certif. Box 2, Folder 11 Imp. Co. Marr. Certif. Box 2, Folder 12 Notes from Pop. Census 1910-1920 Box 2, Folder 13 Probate Lists, notes Box 2, Folder 14 Family / Group Numbers Imperial Valley Box 2, Folder 15 Yuba / Sutter 21--> Box 2, Folder 16 Fresno 31--> Box 2, Folder 17 San Joaquin Co. Vital Stat 71--> Box 2, Folder 18 Sacramento 81--> Box 3, Folder 1 Informants / Book Publicity Box 3, Folder 2 Bits Box 3, Folder 3 Selected "Bits" Box 3, Folder 4 Sources of Info. Box 3, Folder 5 Genealogy and Families Box 3, Folder 6 Multibreed Reunion Box 3, Folder 7 IV Directories Box 3, Folder 8 Stories about the men Box 3, Folder 9 Sandhu, Pritam Box 3, Folder 10 Ernesto Vargas + Budget Justification Box 3, Folder 11 Legal Cases + Land contracts Leasing Box 3, Folder 12 Sikh temple - El Centro + Yuba City Box 3, Folder 13 Lists of "Hindus" + Miscellaneous Box 3, Folder 14 Divorces + Multiple Marriages

Guide to Karen Leonard's M1808 3 Punjabi-Mexican American papers M1808 Box 3, Folder 15 Recent Political Events Box 3, Folder 16 Intermarriage Data Article Box 3, Folder 17 Bankruptcies Box 3, Folder 18 Recent deaths etc. Box 3, Folder 19 Old Master Lists Box 4, Folder 1 Articles /Cases on Alien Land Laws Box 4, Folder 2 Various Text + Articles on Mexicans in California Box 4, Folder 3 Correspondence with Descendants Box 4, Folder 4 Correspondence with Descendants continued Box 4, Folder 5 To be put in families files Box 4, Folder 6 Mail Requests County Recorders Box 4, Folder 7 Birth and Death Certificates Box 4, Folder 8 Marriage Certificates Box 5, Folder 1 California Farmworkers Articles Box 5, Folder 2 Articles on Hindus & Sikhs Box 5, Folder 3 The Japanese Immigrant Community in Mexico - Thesis by Watanabe, Chizuko Box 5, Folder 4 Death Ceritficates (Yuba City) Box 5, Folder 5 Marriage Certificates Box 5, Folder 6 Vatious Titles: (4 booklets about Law, Anthropology, Drama, and Historical Landmarks) Box 6, Folder 1 Questions Box 6, Folder 2 Higgs, R. (Agricultural History) Box 6, Folder 3 Mexican Americans Articles Box 6, Folder 4 Sikhs Articles Box 6, Folder 5 Orientals on the American Pacific Coast Box 6, Folder 6 Misrow, Jogesh Box 6, Folder 7 Moore, J. in Daniels Box 6, Folder 8 Mukeiji D. Box 6, Folder 9 Murarka, Ramesh Box 6, Folder 10 Ichioka, Y. - Japanese Women in USA & African Sikhs Box 6, Folder 11 Jacoby, H. (East Indians in the USA) Box 6, Folder 12 Canada Minorities Asian Box 6, Folder 13 Kitano, H. L. (Model Minorities) Box 6, Folder 14 Mansukhani, G. The Sikhs Today Box 6, Folder 15 Maskiell, M. (Women and Rural Work in Punjab) Box 6, Folder 16 Maxson (Citizenship) Box 6, Folder 17 Nutini, H. & Bell, B. (Compadrazgo) Box 6, Folder 18 Nash, Gerald Box 6, Folder 19 Narayanan, R. (India League of America) Box 6, Folder 20 Nutini, H. & Carrasco, P. (Mex. Kinship) Box 6, Folder 21 Padhana Village - K. Leonard Visit Box 6, Folder 22 Penalosa, F. (Mexican Family Role) Box 6, Folder 23 Panunzio, Constantine (Intermarriage in L.A.) Box 7, Folder 1 Briggs, V. and other Bs to end (photocopied articles) Box 7, Folder 2 California and the Oriental, other Health, Legisl. State, etc. Box 7, Folder 3 Bagai, Leona and Other Bs (photocopied articles of Orientals in California) Box 7, Folder 4 Cotton - A Love Story Across Cultures - Elliot Box 7, Folder 5 Fernandez, B. and all Fs (photocopied articles) Box 7, Folder 6 Samras, Kharaiti Ram Box 7, Folder 7 Photocopied articles (1 of 3) Box 7, Folder 8 Photocopied articles (2 of 3) Box 7, Folder 9 Photocopied articles (3 of 3) Box 7, Folder 10 Miscellaneous articles Box 7, Folder 11 Reed Box 7, Folder 12 Rosenthal - Urey Box 7, Folder 13 Rowley, H. Box 7, Folder 14 Rubel Box 8, Folder 1 Cemetery Information

Guide to Karen Leonard's M1808 4 Punjabi-Mexican American papers M1808 Box 8, Folder 2 Mechanization and Mexican Labor in California Box 8, Folder 3 Blackburns Map - IV 1995 Box 8, Folder 4 Scheffauer Box 8, Folder 5 Puri Box 8, Folder 6 Punjab Box 8, Folder 7 Pendleton Box 8, Folder 8 Social System of the Sikh Jats Box 8, Folder 9 Photographs (1 of 3) Box 8, Folder 10 Photographs (2 of 3) Box 8, Folder 11 Photographs (3 of 3) Box 8, Folder 12 Timlynn Babitsky Box 9, Folder 1 Miscellaneous notes Box 9, Folder 2 Miscellaneous notes Box 9, Folder 3 Miscellaneous notes Box 9, Folder 4 Miscellaneous notes Box 9, Folder 5 Miscellaneous notes Box 9, Folder 6 Miscellaneous notes Box 9, Folder 7 Miscellaneous notes Box 9, Folder 8 Miscellaneous notes Box 9, Folder 9 Miscellaneous notes Box 10, Folder 1 Divorce Box 10, Folder 2 Marriages 1949 +/or 2nd. Gen (8 envelopes with notes) Box 10, Folder 3 Notes (13 envelopes with notes) Box 10, Folder 4 Miscellanea Box 10, Folder 5 Miscellanea Box 11, Folder 1 Forms: Marriage Box 11, Folder 2 Marriages (8 envelopes) Box 11, Folder 3 Forms: Death Box 11, Folder 4 Miscellaneous Death Certificates (9 envelopes) Box 11, Folder 5 Habakkuk and other Hs Box 11, Folder 6 Miscellaneous Box 11, Folder 7 Miscellaneous Box 12, Folder 1 Daughters Interviews Box 12, Folder 2 Sons Interviews Box 12, Folder 3 Wives Box 12, Folder 4 Old Hingus + in-laws Box 12, Folder 5 Anglos / others Box 12, Folder 6 Miscellaneous Interviews Box 12, Folder 7 Miscellaneous Interviews Box 12, Folder 8 Miscellaneous Box 12, Folder 9 Miscellaneous articles + other publications Box 12, Folder 10 Miscellaneous Box 12, Folder 11 Miscellaneous Interviews Box 13, Rollo Singh, Carmen Sharma, George (Separate) Audiocassette 1 Box 13, Ganga Singh Bhatti - translated; by T.S. Sibia Audiocassette 2 Box 13, The History of the Imperial Valley Swiss, 1984 bound_volume 1 Box 13, Folder 1 Unlabeled texts Box 13, Folder 2 Unlabeled texts Box 14, Folder 1 Marriage Certificates Box 14, Folder 2 Marriage 1949 - 69 + 2nd. Gen. Box 14, Folder 3 Infant Child Mortality Box 14, Folder 4 Photographs Box 14, Folder 5 Divorce 1946 + 3 Box 14, Folder 6 Marriages and Divorces

Guide to Karen Leonard's M1808 5 Punjabi-Mexican American papers M1808 Box 14, Folder 7 Intermarriage Articles Box 14, Folder 8 Bankruptcies Box 14, Folder 9 Government of India Census Box 14, Folder 10 Mexican Immigration plus Bancroft Box 14, Folder 11 Punjabi Immigration Articles Box 14, Folder 12 AAS 1990 Box 14, Folder 13 Diwan Singh Articles Box 14, Folder 14 Miscellaneous Flat-box 1, Generations by Counties Folder 1 Flat-box 1, Couples Before 1949 Folder 2 Flat-box 1, Miscellaneous (Maps, and Naturalization of Hindus) Folder 3 Flat-box 1, Genealogical trees for Teresa Garewal and Kaser Singh Folder 4 Flat-box 1, Roll 1 Genealogical tree for Fernando Sanga Flat-box 1, Roll 2 Genealogical tree for Norma Saikhon

Guide to Karen Leonard's M1808 6 Punjabi-Mexican American papers M1808