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Primera Cita Para Espana De Heterodera Humuli Filipjev

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Primera Cita Para Espana De Heterodera Humuli Filipjev Nematol. mediI. (1989), 17: 33-34 Centro de Diagnostico, S. T. Agricultura, Salamanca, Espana y Instituto de Eda/ologia y Biologia Vegetal, C.S.I. C. 28006 Madrid, Espana PRIMERA CITA PARA ESPANA DE HETERODERA HUMULI FILIPJEV por D.]. LOPEZ y M.D. ROMERO Resumen. Heterodera humuli se ha encontrado por primera vez en Espana en plantas de lupulo aparentemente sanas en varias localidades de la provincia de Leon. Se hace un estudio morfometrico de los ejemplares. Summary. First record o/Heterodera humuli Filipjev in Spain. Heterodera humuli is found for the first time in Spain on apparently healthy hop plants from several localities in the Province of Leon. A morphometric study of the specimens is presented. Heterodera humuli Filipjev, fue descubierta por Voigt quistes en lactofenol-cotton blue. La aplicacion de la tec­ (1894) en Kent (Inglaterra) en plantas de lupulo (Humus nica ELISA a la deteccion de AMV dio resultados negati­ lupulus L.), siendo esta planta su principal hospedador: no vos . obstante existen otras de las familias Urticaceas y Mora­ Quistes: n = 30; longitud (excluido el cuello) = 421 ceas como Urtica dioica L., U. urens L., Cannabis sativa 1. y ± 62 fJ.m; anchura maxima = 280 ± 47 [Lm; LjA = 1,5 ± Ficus elastica Roxb. 0,1. Se encuentra clistribuida por Europa (Inglaterra, Ale­ Forma de limon, pequefios, color castano claro con el mania, Belgica, Croacia, Polonia y Ucrania), Israel, cuello frecuentemente formando angulo con el resto del U.S.A., Canada, Nueva Zelanda y probablemente Suda­ cuerpo. £rica (citas recogidas por Stone y Rowe, 1976) yen la India Estructuras del cono vulvar (fig. 1): n = 20; longitud de (Raychaudhuri et al., 1976) . Los estudios epidemiologicos en campo no han logrado demostrar una correlacion entre ataque de H. humuli y de­ presion del cultivo del lupulo. Percival (1895) y posterior­ mente otros autores consideran a este nematodo como eI productor del «nettle head clisease», habiendose demos­ trado despues que el agente causal es una raza del «arabic mosaic virus» transmitida por Xiphinema diversicaudatum (Valdez et aI., 1974). En Espafia, eI cultivo de lupulo esta poco extendido, limitandose a 1a provincia de Leon, con una superficie de 1951 ha y una praduccion de 2845 tm (Anuario de Esta­ dfstica Agraria, 1984). En un muestreo realizado en abril de 1986 por dicha provincia se encontro H. humuli en va­ rias localidades en plantas aparentemente sanas. Los ejem­ plares seleccionados pertenecen a Cimanes del Tejar. Por ser la primer a vez que aparece en Espafia, se ha realizado el estudio morfometrico que presentamos en el siguiente tra­ bajo. Los quistes se extrajeron por el metodo de Fenwick, los conos vulvares se montaron en lactofenol y los huevos y .5Dt-"m juveniles de segundo estadio extraidos del interior de los Fig. 1 - Estructuras del cono vulvar de Heterodera humuli -33 - la vulva = 32,5 ± 3,3 fJ.m; longitud media de las semife­ generalmente de forma irregular. No se ha podido observar nestras = 20,5 ± 1,6 fJ.m: anchura media de las semifene­ el fasmidio. stras = 22,8 ± 1,8 fJ.m; anchura del puente vulvar = 9,7 Huevos: n = 30; longitud = 91,5 ± 4,4 fJ.m; anchura ± 1,7 fJ.m; distancia del ana al borde de la fenestra (n = = 42,5 ± 2,9 fJ.m; L/A = 2,2 ± 0,2. 14) = 22,3 ± 3,8 fJ.m; «bassin» = 10 ± 0,9 fJ.m; longitud Los caracteres morfologicos coinciden exactamente con del <<underbridge» = 65-80 fJ.m; anchura del <<underbridge» la descripcion que de esta especie hacen Stone y Rowe, = 6-9 fJ.m. 1976. Las medidas, en tcrminos generales tambicn coinci­ den, si bien las de los quistes y estructuras del cono vulvar Cono vulvar bifenestrado con las semifenestras casi cir­ son algo menores, y bastante mas pequefias que las dadas culares, separadas por un puente vulvar ancho. Apertura por Simon, 1958 para ejemplares alemanes. Tambicn las vulvar mas larga que el puente. «Underbridge» fino con los me did as de juveniles de segundo estadio son algo menores extremos a veces ramificados. Solo en dos ejemplares se en nuestros ejemplares, teniendo que destacar la distancia han observado «bullae» pequefios, redondos, aislados y de la apertura de la glandula esofagica a la base de los no­ poco prominentes. Marcas cuticulares en zig-zag con pun­ dulos del estilete, mayor en nuestros ejemplares (7,6 ± 0,8 tos pequefios irregu'larmente distribuidos. «Bassin» ancho, £rente a 5,2 ± 0,6 fJ.m en los ejemplares ingleses). bien diferenciado y con el borde ondulado. Juveniles de segundo estadio: n = 25; longitud total Los autores agradecen a J. M a Lopez el montaje de los 363 ± 18,4 fJ.m; anchura = 18,4 ± 0,9 fJ.m; a = 19,7 ± conos vulvares. 1,2; longitud cabeza = 2,8 ± 0,4 fJ.m; anchura cabeza 8,1 ± 0,6 fJ.m; longitud del estilete = 23,4 ± 1,2 fJ.m; Literatura citada apertura de la glandula esofagica a 7,6 ± 0,8 fJ.m de la base de los nodulos del estilete; distancia del extrema anterior al ANON., 1984 - Anuario de Estadistica Agraria. Secretaria General centro delbulbo medio = 69,1 ± 7,4fJ.m;poroexcretor(n Tecnica. Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentaci6n. 658 pp. = 18) a 88,6 ± 4,5 fJ.m del extremo anterior; longitud de PERCIVAL]., 1895 - An eelworm disease of hops. Natural Sci. Lond, la cola = 45,9 ± 2,3 fJ.m; anchura de la cola a nivel del ana 6: 187-197. = 12,3 ± 0,7 fJ.m; longitud de la parte hialina = 26,1 ± RAYCIIAUDIlURI S.P., KUMAR D. and NATIl R., 1976 - Seed patho­ 2,7 fJ.m; c = 7,9 ± 0,4; c' = 3,7 ± 0,3; parte hialina/ logy and plant quarantine in India. Bull OEPP, 6: 439-444. SIMON L., 1958 - Nematologische Untersuchungen an Hopfen. II. = ± estilete 1,1 0,13. Zur Morphologie und Biologie von Heterodera humuli Filipjev, Cuerpo corto y relativamente grueso; la region cefalica 1934. Nematologica, 3: 269-273. consta de 2-4 anillos y est a separada del resto del cuerpo STONE A.R. and ROWE A., 1976 - Heterodera humuli. C.I.H. De­ scriptions of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes. St. Albans, Herts. por una constriccion: estilete robusto, con las superficies Set 7, n. 105. anteriores de los nodulos ligeramente concavas; cuticula VALDEZ R.B., McNAMARA D.G., ORMEROD P.]., PITCHER R.S. and estriada; campos later ales con cuatro incisuras no areoladas TRESH ].M., 1974 - Transmission of the hop strain of arabis que terminan en tres por debajo del ano; el hemizonido mosaic virus by Xiphinema diversicaudatum. Ann. appl. BioI., 76: 113-122. ocupa dos anillos y est a situ ado a un anillo 0 inmediata­ VOIGT W., 1894 - Neue Varietat des Rubbennematoden (Hetero­ mente anterior al poro ex ere tor . Cola afilada con el extremo dera schachtiil. S.B. Niederrhein. Ges. Nat.-u Heilk, 51: 94-97. Aceptado para publicacion el 16 de Marzo 1989. -34-.
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