Development and Growth of the Mandible Biology
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Anatomy of Maxillary and Mandibular Local Anesthesia
Anatomy of Mandibular and Maxillary Local Anesthesia Patricia L. Blanton, Ph.D., D.D.S. Professor Emeritus, Department of Anatomy, Baylor College of Dentistry – TAMUS and Private Practice in Periodontics Dallas, Texas Anatomy of Mandibular and Maxillary Local Anesthesia I. Introduction A. The anatomical basis of local anesthesia 1. Infiltration anesthesia 2. Block or trunk anesthesia II. Review of the Trigeminal Nerve (Cranial n. V) – the major sensory nerve of the head A. Ophthalmic Division 1. Course a. Superior orbital fissure – root of orbit – supraorbital foramen 2. Branches – sensory B. Maxillary Division 1. Course a. Foramen rotundum – pterygopalatine fossa – inferior orbital fissure – floor of orbit – infraorbital 2. Branches - sensory a. Zygomatic nerve b. Pterygopalatine nerves [nasal (nasopalatine), orbital, palatal (greater and lesser palatine), pharyngeal] c. Posterior superior alveolar nerves d. Infraorbital nerve (middle superior alveolar nerve, anterior superior nerve) C. Mandibular Division 1. Course a. Foramen ovale – infratemporal fossa – mandibular foramen, Canal -> mental foramen 2. Branches a. Sensory (1) Long buccal nerve (2) Lingual nerve (3) Inferior alveolar nerve -> mental nerve (4) Auriculotemporal nerve b. Motor (1) Pterygoid nerves (2) Temporal nerves (3) Masseteric nerves (4) Nerve to tensor tympani (5) Nerve to tensor veli palatine (6) Nerve to mylohyoid (7) Nerve to anterior belly of digastric c. Both motor and sensory (1) Mylohyoid nerve III. Usual Routes of innervation A. Maxilla 1. Teeth a. Molars – Posterior superior alveolar nerve b. Premolars – Middle superior alveolar nerve c. Incisors and cuspids – Anterior superior alveolar nerve 2. Gingiva a. Facial/buccal – Superior alveolar nerves b. Palatal – Anterior – Nasopalatine nerve; Posterior – Greater palatine nerves B. -
PE2812 Breaking Arm Bones a Second Time
Breaking Arm Bones a Second Time Children who have broken arm bones are at higher risk for breaking the same arm bones again if they do not go through the right treatment, for the right amount of time. How likely is it that There is up to a 5% chance (1 out of every 20 cases) of breaking forearm my child’s arm bones a second time, in the same place. There is a higher risk to break these bones again if the first fracture is in the middle of the forearm bones (as bones will break seen in the pictures below). There is a lower risk if the fracture is closer to again? the hand. Most repeat fractures tend to happen within six months after the first injury heals. First fracture Same fracture after healing for about 6 weeks 1 of 2 To Learn More Free Interpreter Services • Orthopedics and Sports Medicine • In the hospital, ask your nurse. 206-987-2109 • From outside the hospital, call the • Ask your child’s healthcare provider toll-free Family Interpreting Line, 1-866-583-1527. Tell the interpreter • seattlechildrens.org the name or extension you need. Breaking Arm Bones a Second Time How can I help my Wearing a cast for at least six weeks lowers the risk of breaking the same child lower the risk arm bones again. After wearing a cast, we recommend your child wear a brace for 4 weeks in order to protect the injured area and start improving of having a wrist movement. While your child wears a brace, we recommend they do repeated bone not participate in contact sports (e.g., soccer, football or dodge ball). -
Is the Skeleton Male Or Female? the Pelvis Tells the Story
Activity: Is the Skeleton Male or Female? The pelvis tells the story. Distinct features adapted for childbearing distinguish adult females from males. Other bones and the skull also have features that can indicate sex, though less reliably. In young children, these sex-related features are less obvious and more difficult to interpret. Subtle sex differences are detectable in younger skeletons, but they become more defined following puberty and sexual maturation. What are the differences? Compare the two illustrations below in Figure 1. Female Pelvic Bones Male Pelvic Bones Broader sciatic notch Narrower sciatic notch Raised auricular surface Flat auricular surface Figure 1. Female and male pelvic bones. (Source: Smithsonian Institution, illustrated by Diana Marques) Figure 2. Pelvic bone of the skeleton in the cellar. (Source: Smithsonian Institution) Skull (Cranium and Mandible) Male Skulls Generally larger than female Larger projections behind the Larger brow ridges, with sloping, ears (mastoid processes) less rounded forehead Square chin with a more vertical Greater definition of muscle (acute) angle of the jaw attachment areas on the back of the head Figure 3. Male skulls. (Source: Smithsonian Institution, illustrated by Diana Marques) Female Skulls Smoother bone surfaces where Smaller projections behind the muscles attach ears (mastoid processes) Less pronounced brow ridges, Chin more pointed, with a larger, with more vertical forehead obtuse angle of the jaw Sharp upper margins of the eye orbits Figure 4. Female skulls. (Source: Smithsonian Institution, illustrated by Diana Marques) What Do You Think? Comparing the skull from the cellar in Figure 5 (below) with the illustrated male and female skulls in Figures 3 and 4, write Male or Female to note the sex depicted by each feature. -
The Cat Mandible (II): Manipulation of the Jaw, with a New Prosthesis Proposal, to Avoid Iatrogenic Complications
animals Review The Cat Mandible (II): Manipulation of the Jaw, with a New Prosthesis Proposal, to Avoid Iatrogenic Complications Matilde Lombardero 1,*,† , Mario López-Lombardero 2,†, Diana Alonso-Peñarando 3,4 and María del Mar Yllera 1 1 Unit of Veterinary Anatomy and Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus of Lugo—University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; [email protected] 2 Engineering Polytechnic School of Gijón, University of Oviedo, 33203 Gijón, Spain; [email protected] 3 Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Campus of Lugo—University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; [email protected] 4 Veterinary Clinic Villaluenga, calle Centro n◦ 2, Villaluenga de la Sagra, 45520 Toledo, Spain * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-982-822-333 † Both authors contributed equally to this manuscript. Simple Summary: The small size of the feline mandible makes its manipulation difficult when fixing dislocations of the temporomandibular joint or mandibular fractures. In both cases, non-invasive techniques should be considered first. When not possible, fracture repair with internal fixation using bone plates would be the best option. Simple jaw fractures should be repaired first, and caudal to rostral. In addition, a ventral approach makes the bone fragments exposure and its manipulation easier. However, the cat mandible has little space to safely place the bone plate screws without damaging the tooth roots and/or the mandibular blood and nervous supply. As a consequence, we propose a conceptual model of a mandibular prosthesis that would provide biomechanical Citation: Lombardero, M.; stabilization, avoiding any unintended (iatrogenic) damage to those structures. -
Study Guide Medical Terminology by Thea Liza Batan About the Author
Study Guide Medical Terminology By Thea Liza Batan About the Author Thea Liza Batan earned a Master of Science in Nursing Administration in 2007 from Xavier University in Cincinnati, Ohio. She has worked as a staff nurse, nurse instructor, and level department head. She currently works as a simulation coordinator and a free- lance writer specializing in nursing and healthcare. All terms mentioned in this text that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Use of a term in this text shouldn’t be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. Copyright © 2017 by Penn Foster, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owner. Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be mailed to Copyright Permissions, Penn Foster, 925 Oak Street, Scranton, Pennsylvania 18515. Printed in the United States of America CONTENTS INSTRUCTIONS 1 READING ASSIGNMENTS 3 LESSON 1: THE FUNDAMENTALS OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY 5 LESSON 2: DIAGNOSIS, INTERVENTION, AND HUMAN BODY TERMS 28 LESSON 3: MUSCULOSKELETAL, CIRCULATORY, AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TERMS 44 LESSON 4: DIGESTIVE, URINARY, AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM TERMS 69 LESSON 5: INTEGUMENTARY, NERVOUS, AND ENDOCRINE S YSTEM TERMS 96 SELF-CHECK ANSWERS 134 © PENN FOSTER, INC. 2017 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY PAGE III Contents INSTRUCTIONS INTRODUCTION Welcome to your course on medical terminology. You’re taking this course because you’re most likely interested in pursuing a health and science career, which entails proficiencyincommunicatingwithhealthcareprofessionalssuchasphysicians,nurses, or dentists. -
A Guide to Complete Denture Prosthetics
A Guide to Complete Denture Prosthetics VITA shade taking VITA shade communication VITA shade reproduction VITA shade control Date of issue 11.11 VITA shade, VITA made. Foreword The aim of this Complete Denture Prosthetics Guide is to inform on the development and implementation of the fundamental principles for the fabrication of complete dentures. In this manual the reader will find suggestions concerning clnical cases which present in daily practice. Its many features include an introduction to the anatomy of the human masticatory system, explanations of its functions and problems encountered on the path to achieving well functioning complete dentures. The majority of complete denture cases which present in everyday practice can be addressed with the aid of knowledge contained in this instruction manual. Of course a central recommendation is that there be as close as possible collaboration between dentist and dental technician, both with each other and with the patient. This provides the optimum circumstances for an accurate and seamless flow of information. It follows also that to invest the time required to learn and absorb the patient’s dental history as well as follow the procedural chain in the fabrication procedure will always bring the best possible results. Complete dentures are restorations which demand a high degree of knowledge and skill from their creators. Each working step must yield the maximum result, the sum of which means an increased quality of life for the patient. In regard to the choice of occlusal concept is to be used, is a question best answered by the dentist and dental technician working together as a team. -
Inferior Alveolar Nerve Trajectory, Mental Foramen Location and Incidence of Mental Nerve Anterior Loop
Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Sep 1;22 (5):e630-5. CBCT anatomy of the inferior alveolar nerve Journal section: Oral Surgery doi:10.4317/medoral.21905 Publication Types: Research http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.4317/medoral.21905 Inferior alveolar nerve trajectory, mental foramen location and incidence of mental nerve anterior loop Miguel Velasco-Torres 1, Miguel Padial-Molina 1, Gustavo Avila-Ortiz 2, Raúl García-Delgado 3, Andrés Ca- tena 4, Pablo Galindo-Moreno 1 1 DDS, PhD, Department of Oral Surgery and Implant Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain 2 DDS, MS, PhD, Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA 3 Specialist in Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology. Private Practice. Granada, Spain 4 PhD, Department of Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain Correspondence: School of Dentistry, University of Granada 18071 - Granada, Spain [email protected] Velasco-Torres M, Padial-Molina M, Avila-Ortiz G, García-Delgado R, Catena A, Galindo-Moreno P. Inferior alveolar nerve trajectory, mental foramen location and incidence of mental nerve anterior loop. Med Oral Received: 07/03/2017 Accepted: 21/06/2017 Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2017 Sep 1;22 (5):e630-5. http://www.medicinaoral.com/medoralfree01/v22i5/medoralv22i5p630.pdf Article Number: 21905 http://www.medicinaoral.com/ © Medicina Oral S. L. C.I.F. B 96689336 - pISSN 1698-4447 - eISSN: 1698-6946 eMail: [email protected] Indexed in: Science Citation Index Expanded Journal Citation Reports Index Medicus, MEDLINE, PubMed Scopus, Embase and Emcare Indice Médico Español Abstract Background: Injury of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is a serious intraoperative complication that may occur during routine surgical procedures, such as dental implant placement or extraction of impacted teeth. -
Morfofunctional Structure of the Skull
N.L. Svintsytska V.H. Hryn Morfofunctional structure of the skull Study guide Poltava 2016 Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine Public Institution «Central Methodological Office for Higher Medical Education of MPH of Ukraine» Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukranian Medical Stomatological Academy» N.L. Svintsytska, V.H. Hryn Morfofunctional structure of the skull Study guide Poltava 2016 2 LBC 28.706 UDC 611.714/716 S 24 «Recommended by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine as textbook for English- speaking students of higher educational institutions of the MPH of Ukraine» (minutes of the meeting of the Commission for the organization of training and methodical literature for the persons enrolled in higher medical (pharmaceutical) educational establishments of postgraduate education MPH of Ukraine, from 02.06.2016 №2). Letter of the MPH of Ukraine of 11.07.2016 № 08.01-30/17321 Composed by: N.L. Svintsytska, Associate Professor at the Department of Human Anatomy of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy», PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor V.H. Hryn, Associate Professor at the Department of Human Anatomy of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy», PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor This textbook is intended for undergraduate, postgraduate students and continuing education of health care professionals in a variety of clinical disciplines (medicine, pediatrics, dentistry) as it includes the basic concepts of human anatomy of the skull in adults and newborns. Rewiewed by: O.M. Slobodian, Head of the Department of Anatomy, Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Bukovinian State Medical University», Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor M.V. -
Musculoskeletal Morphing from Human to Mouse
Procedia IUTAM Procedia IUTAM 00 (2011) 1–9 2011 Symposium on Human Body Dynamics Musculoskeletal Morphing from Human to Mouse Yoshihiko Nakamuraa,∗, Yosuke Ikegamia, Akihiro Yoshimatsua, Ko Ayusawaa, Hirotaka Imagawaa, and Satoshi Ootab aDepartment of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information and Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan bBioresource Center, Riken, 3-1-1 Takanodai, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaragi, Japan Abstract The analysis of movement provides various insights of human body such as biomechanical property of muscles, function of neural systems, physiology of sensory-motor system, skills of athletic movements, and more. Biomechan- ical modeling and robotics computation have been integrated to extend the applications of musculoskeletal analysis of human movements. The analysis would also provide valuable means for the other mammalian animals. One of current approaches of post-genomic research focuses to find connections between the phenotype and the genotype. The former means the visible morphological or behavioral expression of an animal, while the latter implies its genetic expression. Knockout mice allows to study the developmental pathway from the genetic disorders to the behavioral disorders. Would musculoskeletal analysis of mice also offer scientific means for such study? This paper reports our recent technological development to build the musculoskeletal model of a laboratory mouse. We propose mapping the musculoskeletal model of human to a laboratory mouse based on the morphological similarity between the two mammals. Although the model will need fine adjustment based on the CT data or else, we can still use the mapped musculoskeletal model as an approximate model of the mouse’s musculoskeletal system. -
Results Description of the SKULLS. the Overall Size of Both Skulls Was Considered to Be Within Normal Limits for Their Ethnic
Ossification Defects and Craniofacial Morphology In Incomplete Forms of Mandibulofacial Dysostosis A Description of Two Dry Skulls ERIK DAHL, D.D.S., DR. ODONT. ARNE BJORK, D.D.S., ODONT. DR. Copenhagen, Denmark The morphology of two East Indian dry skulls exhibiting anomalies which were suggested to represent incomplete forms of mandibulofacial dysostosis is described. Obvious although minor ossification anomalies were found localized to the temporal, sphenoid, the zygomatic, the maxillary and the mandibular bones. The observations substantiate the concept of the regional and bilateral nature of this malformation syndrome. Bilateral orbital deviations, hypoplasia of the malar bones, and incomplete zygomatic arches appear to be hard tissue aberrations which may be helpful in exami- nation for subclinical carrier status. Changes in mandibular morphology seem to be less distinguishing features in incomplete or abortive types of mandibulofacial dysostosis. KEY WORDS craniofacial problems, mandible, mandibulofacial dysostosis, maxilla, sphenoid bone, temporal bone, zygomatic bone Mandibulofacial dysostosis (MFD) often roentgencephalometric examinations were results in the development of a characteristic made of the skulls, and tomograms were ob- facial disfigurement with considerable simi- tained of the internal and middle ear. Com- larity between affected individuals. However, parisons were made with normal adult skulls the symptoms may vary highly in respect to and with an adult skull exhibiting the char- type and degree, and both incomplete and acteristics of MFD. All of the skulls were from abortive forms of the syndrome have been the same ethnic group. ' reported in the literature (Franceschetti and Klein, 1949; Moss et al., 1964; Rogers, 1964). Results In previous papers, we have shown the DEsCRIPTION OF THE SKULLS. -
GLOSSARY of MEDICAL and ANATOMICAL TERMS
GLOSSARY of MEDICAL and ANATOMICAL TERMS Abbreviations: • A. Arabic • abb. = abbreviation • c. circa = about • F. French • adj. adjective • G. Greek • Ge. German • cf. compare • L. Latin • dim. = diminutive • OF. Old French • ( ) plural form in brackets A-band abb. of anisotropic band G. anisos = unequal + tropos = turning; meaning having not equal properties in every direction; transverse bands in living skeletal muscle which rotate the plane of polarised light, cf. I-band. Abbé, Ernst. 1840-1905. German physicist; mathematical analysis of optics as a basis for constructing better microscopes; devised oil immersion lens; Abbé condenser. absorption L. absorbere = to suck up. acervulus L. = sand, gritty; brain sand (cf. psammoma body). acetylcholine an ester of choline found in many tissue, synapses & neuromuscular junctions, where it is a neural transmitter. acetylcholinesterase enzyme at motor end-plate responsible for rapid destruction of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. acidophilic adj. L. acidus = sour + G. philein = to love; affinity for an acidic dye, such as eosin staining cytoplasmic proteins. acinus (-i) L. = a juicy berry, a grape; applied to small, rounded terminal secretory units of compound exocrine glands that have a small lumen (adj. acinar). acrosome G. akron = extremity + soma = body; head of spermatozoon. actin polymer protein filament found in the intracellular cytoskeleton, particularly in the thin (I-) bands of striated muscle. adenohypophysis G. ade = an acorn + hypophyses = an undergrowth; anterior lobe of hypophysis (cf. pituitary). adenoid G. " + -oeides = in form of; in the form of a gland, glandular; the pharyngeal tonsil. adipocyte L. adeps = fat (of an animal) + G. kytos = a container; cells responsible for storage and metabolism of lipids, found in white fat and brown fat. -
98796-Anatomy of the Orbit
Anatomy of the orbit Prof. Pia C Sundgren MD, PhD Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Sweden Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst. Clinical Sciences / Radiology / ECNR Dubrovnik / Oct 2018 Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst. Clinical Sciences / Radiology / ECNR Dubrovnik / Oct 2018 Lay-out • brief overview of the basic anatomy of the orbit and its structures • the orbit is a complicated structure due to its embryological composition • high number of entities, and diseases due to its composition of ectoderm, surface ectoderm and mesoderm Recommend you to read for more details Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst. Clinical Sciences / Radiology / ECNR Dubrovnik / Oct 2018 Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst. Clinical Sciences / Radiology / ECNR Dubrovnik / Oct 2018 3 x 3 Imaging technique 3 layers: - neuroectoderm (retina, iris, optic nerve) - surface ectoderm (lens) • CT and / or MR - mesoderm (vascular structures, sclera, choroid) •IOM plane 3 spaces: - pre-septal •thin slices extraconal - post-septal • axial and coronal projections intraconal • CT: soft tissue and bone windows 3 motor nerves: - occulomotor (III) • MR: T1 pre and post, T2, STIR, fat suppression, DWI (?) - trochlear (IV) - abducens (VI) Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst. Clinical Sciences / Radiology / ECNR Dubrovnik / Oct 2018 Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst. Clinical Sciences / Radiology / ECNR Dubrovnik / Oct 2018 Superior orbital fissure • cranial nerves (CN) III, IV, and VI • lacrimal nerve • frontal nerve • nasociliary nerve • orbital branch of middle meningeal artery • recurrent branch of lacrimal artery • superior orbital vein • superior ophthalmic vein Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst. Clinical Sciences / Radiology / ECNR Dubrovnik / Oct 2018 Lund University / Faculty of Medicine / Inst.