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Das Siegel Der Propheten Bd Das Siegel der Propheten Bd. I Das Leben und die Person des Heiligen Propheten MuhammadSAW (Sīrat Ḫātamu n-Nabiyyīn) Hadhrat Mirza Bashir AhmadRA Das Siegel der Propheten - Bd. I Das Leben und die Person des Heiligen Propheten MuhammadSAW von Hadhrat Mirza Bashir AhmadRA Das Original erschien unter dem Titel: (Sīrat Ḫātamu n-Nabiyyīn) © Islam International Publications Ltd. Erste Auflage in Urdu erschien 1920 Erste deutsche Übersetzung 2016 Aus dem Urdu von Maham Munir Rammah Unter der direkten Aufsicht von Hadhrat Mirza Masroor Ahmad Khalifatul Masih VABA (Fünfter Nachfolger des Verheißenen MessiasAS des Islam) Verantwortlich für die Veröffentlichung dieses Buches: © Genfer Straße 11 D - 60437 Frankfurt am Main Mehr Informationen unter www.verlagderIslam.de ISBN 978-3-944277-67-7 PRINTED IN GERMANY Ein heiliges Gedenken an Seine Heiligkeit Hadhrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad von QadianAS, der Verheißene Messias und der Verhei- ßene Rechtgeleitete, der Löwe Allahs im Gewand der Propheten; und sein Meister, Muhammad (der Friede und Segen Allahs mögen auf ihm sein); durch dessen Ankunft und auf göttliches Geheiß in diesem Zeitalter die Schönheiten MuhammadsSAW aufs Neue zum Vor- schein gekommen sind. Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort 16 Einführung des Verfassers 20 Das Siegel der Propheten - Band 1 1. Das Leben des Heiligen ProphetenSAW und die frühen Quellen der islamischen Geschichte 29 Einführung 31 Vorislamische Überlieferungen und Dichtung 32 Der Heilige Qurʾan 35 Die Quelle der Überlieferungen in der islamischen Geschichtsschreibung 42 Methode der Überlieferung 43 Grundsätze des riwāyat und dirāyat 44 Frühe Beispiele des dirāyat 46 Schwachpunkte der Prinzipien des dirāyat 55 Verschriftlichung der Überlieferungen 57 Ein fundamentaler Unterschied zwischen den Überlieferungen von Hadith und sīrat 64 Bücher über die Grundsätze der Hadithwissenschaft 67 Begriffe in der Hadithwissenschaft 68 Asmāʾu r-riǧāl 69 Die Hadith-Bücher 71 Unterschied zwischen Sunna und Hadith 76 8 Inhaltsverzeichnis Schriften der Exegese 77 Die frühen Bücher über die sīrat und Geschichte 78 Werke späterer Historiker 89 Zusammenfassung der Diskussion 91 2. Arabien und seine Einwohner 95 Lage und Grenzgebiete 97 Gestalt und Fläche 98 Topografie 98 Klima 100 Flora und Fauna 101 Territoriale Aufteilung 102 Bewohner 104 Kultur und Zivilisation Arabiens vor dem Islam 110 Handel der Araber 112 Bildung und antike Poesie 113 Angewohnheiten und Eigenschaften des Volkes 115 Die Stellung der Frau 121 Rituale und ihre Verehrung 122 Antike Religionen Arabiens 125 3. Mekka, Kaʿba und die Quraisch 133 Vater der Propheten und Freund Allahs 135 Ansiedlung in Hedschas und die Bevölkerung Mekkas 136 IsmaelAS, Ḏabīḥu llāh 139 Antworten auf einige gegen Hadhrat IsmaelAS und Hadhrat HagarRA 9 Inhaltsverzeichnis gerichtete Einwände 141 Die Errichtung der Kaʿba 151 Ḫalīls Gebet 153 Aufruf zum Hadsch 154 Die Aufsicht über die Kaʿba 154 Neuerrichtung der Kaʿba 157 Kiswat-e Kaʿba 159 Ehrung der Kaʿba 159 Errichtung von Häusern rings um die Kaʿba 160 Quraisch 162 Die internen Zweige des Stammes Quraisch 163 Quṣayy bin Kilāb 166 Die Verteilung der Posten im Wächteramt der Kaʿba 167 Aufteilung der Stammesverwaltung 167 Dāru n-Nadwa 168 ʿAbd Manāf 169 Hāšim 170 Die Rivalität von Umayya 171 Muṭṭalib 172 ʿAbdu l-Muṭṭalib 172 Die Suche nach dem Brunnen Zamzam 174 ʿAbdullāh 175 Aṣḥābu l-Fīl 176 Die Hochzeit von ʿAbdullāh 179 ʿAbdullāhs Tod 180 10 Inhaltsverzeichnis 4. Kindheit und Jugend 183 Eine segensreiche Geburt 185 Stillzeit und Kindesalter 187 Obhut der Mutter und die Reise nach Yaṯrib 192 Der Tod seiner Mutter 193 Vormundschaft von ʿAbdu l-Muṭṭalib 194 Der Tod von ʿAbdu l-Muṭṭalib 195 Vormundschaft von Abū Ṭālib 196 Die Reise nach Syrien und der Vorfall mit dem Mönchen Baḥīrā 197 Wurde der Islam vom Christentum beeinflusst? 198 Das Ziegenhüten des Heiligen ProphetenSAW 201 Göttlicher Schutz vor dem Schlechten 202 Ḥarb-e Fiǧār 203 Ḥilfu l-Fuḍūl 204 Das gesegnete Aussehen 205 Seine Handelstätigkeiten 206 Die Hochzeit mit Hadhrat KhadijaRA 208 Die Nachkommen des Heiligen ProphetenSAW 209 Rekonstruktion der Kaʿba 211 Der Dienst von Zaid bin Ḥāriṯa 214 AliRA bin Abī Ṭālib in der Obhut des Heiligen ProphetenSAW 216 Die Morgendämmerung 216 5. Ein Blick auf die erste Lebenszeit 221 Der Mangel an Überlieferungen 223 Analphabetismus des Heiligen ProphetenSAW 223 11 Inhaltsverzeichnis Soziales Umfeld des Heiligen ProphetenSAW 224 Der Glaube des Heiligen ProphetenSAW vor seiner Auserwählung 225 Der Charakter und die Eigenschaften des Heiligen ProphetenSAW 226 6. Beginn des Prophetentums 231 Der Sonnenaufgang 233 Fatrat-e Waḥī 236 Beginn der Verkündung 238 Die Botschaft des Islams 238 Der erste Muslim 240 Die Pioniere 241 Wie der Heilige ProphetSAW das Baiʿat (Treuegelübde) entgegennahm 247 Das anfängliche Verbergen und die Haltung der Quraisch 249 Die Säulen des Islams zu Beginn 249 Beginn der offenen Verkündung 251 Einladung der Angehörigen 252 Dār-e Arqam – das erste Zentrum für die Verkündung des Islams 253 Beginn der Feindschaft der Quraisch und ihre Gründe 257 Stammesfürsten der Ungläubigen 262 Feindschaft der Ungläubigen gegen den Islam und den Gründer des Islams 264 Die erste Delegation der Quraisch begibt sich zu Abū Ṭālib 265 Die zweite Delegation 266 Die dritte Delegation 268 Der Quraisch Urteil über die Muslime 269 Eine Darstellung der Leiden der Muslime 270 12 Inhaltsverzeichnis Das persönliche Leid des Heiligen ProphetenSAW 274 Aufruf an die Muslime, diesem Leid mit Geduld zu begegnen 278 7. Zeiten der Unruhe 283 Auswanderung nach Abessinien 285 Falsche Gerüchte der Quraisch über den Islam und die Rückkehr einiger Auswanderer von Abessinien 287 Ein erfundenes Ereignis 290 Die erfolglose Delegation am Hof von Negus 296 Hadhrat Abu BakrRA beabsichtigt auszuwandern 300 ḤamzaRA konvertiert zum Islam 301 UmarRA konvertiert zum Islam 303 Das Treffen des Heiligen ProphetenSAW mit einer Delegation der Quraisch 307 Die gottgegebene ehrfurchteinflößende Aura des Heiligen ProphetenSAW 311 Die Anschuldigung von einem christlichen Sklaven Bildung erlangt zu haben 313 Die Anschuldigung ohne männliche Nachkommen zu sein 315 Der Vorschlag zur Versöhnung von Seiten der Quraisch 316 Die Allianz der Quraisch und der Boykott der Muslime 317 Die Befreiung der Muslime aus der Grausamkeit 320 Das Wunder von Šaqqu l-Qamar 322 Das Ableben von Hadhrat KhadijaRA und Abū Ṭālib 327 Das Leid des Heiligen ProphetenSAW nimmt zu 331 Die Vermählung mit Hadhrat AishaRA und Hadhrat SaudaRA 332 Eine kurze Anmerkung zur Polygamie 338 13 Inhaltsverzeichnis 8. Die Ausweitung der Botschaft 343 Besuch der Stämme 345 Die Reise nach Ṭāʾif 346 Die Delegation der Dschinn trifft den Heiligen ProphetenSAW 350 Verbreitung des Islams im Stamm der Daus 355 miʿrāǧ und isrāʾ 358 Das Gebot zu den fünf täglichen Gebete 386 Wurde in den islamischen Gebeten zu viel Wert auf die äußerliche Form gelegt? 391 Der Krieg zwischen den beiden Großmächten Rom und Persien und die Prophezeiung des Heiligen ProphetenSAW 397 Verkündung des Islams an die Stämme von Arabien 399 9. Die Auswanderung aus der Heimat 405 Yaṯrib und seine Bewohner 407 Islam in Yaṯrib 408 Das erste Baiʿat von ʿAqaba im zwölften Jahr nach Verkündung des Prophetentums 411 Bekanntheit des Islams in Yaṯrib 415 Das zweite Baiʿat von Uqba im 13. Jahr nach Verkündung des Prophetentums 418 Auswanderung nach Yaṯrib 425 Der Prophet Gottes als Auswanderer 427 Der Beginn der Auswanderung und die Verfolgung der Quraisch 431 Die Auswanderung und Verfolgung durch Surāqa bin Mālik 435 Das Ende der Reise und die Vollendung der Auswanderung 441 14 Inhaltsverzeichnis 10. Ein Blick auf das Leben des Heiligen ProphetenSAW in Mekka 443 Sein Aufenthalt in Mekka und die Nabawī- und Hiǧrī-Zeitrechnung 446 Der Zustand während einer göttlichen Offenbarung 447 Zusammenstellung des Heiligen Qurʾans 452 Mekkanische Suren 453 Evolution des Prophetentums 455 Die Verbreitung des Islams in der mekkanischen Ära 458 Die Auswirkungen der Verfolgung der Quraisch auf die Muslime 460 Die Auswanderung des Heiligen ProphetenSAW und ihre Beweggründe 462 Epilog 464 Stichwortverzeichnis 466 Anmerkungen des Herausgebers 478 Zum Autor 484 15 Vorwort Vorwort Keine Religion befindet sich seit Jahrzehnten dermaßen im Kreuzfeuer der Kritik wie der Islam. Von Seiten der Kritiker wird er verantwortlich gemacht für einen Fundamentalismus, der in den letzten Jahren in die Metropolen Europas getragen wurde. Ausgeübt wird er von Terroristen, die sich selbst als Muslime bezeichnen, in ihren Taten jedoch das genaue Gegenteil derselben darstellen. In einem Ausspruch des Heiligen Prophe- ten MuhammadSAW heißt es, dass ein Muslim jemand ist, der Frieden hat und Frieden verbreitet. Wie ist es dann möglich, dass ein Muslim Gewalt verübt und Terror verbreitet? In den Kontroversen um die Frage nach einem dem Islam innewohnen- den Gewaltpotenzial heißt es von Seiten der Islamkritiker oft, dass der scheinbar gewalttätige Charakter des Islam direkt auf die Quellen des Islam zurückzuführen ist. Insofern einerseits auf den Heiligen Qur‘an und andererseits auf das Leben des Heiligen Begründers des Islam, dem Heiligen Propheten MuhammadSAW. Eine profunde Auseinandersetzung mit der Frage, inwieweit die Quellen verantwortlich sind für den Terror im Namen des Islam, ja, inwieweit der Islam in seinem Wesen intole- rant ist und mit den Werten der Demokratie nach westlicher Lesart nicht vereinbar, muss bei den Quellen der Religion selbst ansetzen, muss sich hineinbegeben in die Urtexte der Religion. Allein eine Untersuchung die- ser grundlegenden Säulen des islamischen
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