With the Accounts of the Companions of the Holy Prophet
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Religious and Social Leadership As the Tribesmen of Arabia, the Jews Of
CHAPTER ONE RELIGIOUS AND SOCIAL LEADERSHIP As the tribesmen of Arabia, the Jews of Medina drew their leadership from the more dominant clans among them. Their community leaders were judges, military commanders, and those who ruled on halakhic matters. A study of “the occasions of revelation” (asbāb al-nuzūl) in Islamic literature reveals that the Jewish leaders in Medina often provoked Muḥammad with questions on religious issues. As a result, they were referred to as the “people of the question” (aṣḥāb al-masʾala).1 A reflection of the numer- ous questions that the Jewish sages in Medina asked Muḥammad exists in the following saying, which indirectly presents the Jews as a trigger for the revelation of many verses of the Qurʾān: “[Much of] the Qurʾān was revealed because of the questions they (i.e., the Jewish leaders in Medina) posed to him (i.e., Muḥammad)” (kāna al-Qurʾān yanzilu fīhim fīmā yasʾalūna ʿanhu).2 1. The Leaders of the Jewish Tribes of Medina ʿAbd al-Malik b. Hishām (d. 833 CE) records a list of the Medinan Jew- ish leaders of every Jewish tribe in Medina.3 Many of these leaders are reported to have been killed during the Muslim-Jewish conflicts in Med- ina and Khaybar. The leaders of the strongest Jewish tribe in Medina, the Banū al-Naḍīr, were the brothers from the Abū al-Ḥuqayq family: Sallām, the richest merchant in the Ḥijāz, and al-Rabīʿ together with the three brothers from the Banū Akhṭab family: Ḥuyayy, Judayy and Abū Yāsir. In 625 CE, after the Banū al-Naḍīr surrendered to the Muslims, these two families along with others, moved to Khaybar where their relatives lived. -
Constitutionalism and Shari'a
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers Faculty of Arts, Social Sciences & Humanities 2004 Constitutionalism and Shari'a Nadirsyah Hosen University of Wollongong, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/lhapapers Part of the Arts and Humanities Commons, and the Law Commons Recommended Citation Hosen, Nadirsyah, "Constitutionalism and Shari'a" (2004). Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers. 1491. https://ro.uow.edu.au/lhapapers/1491 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Constitutionalism and Shari'a Abstract Constitutionalism is the idea that government can and should be legally limited in its powers, and that its authority depends on enforcing these limitations. Lane explains that two ideas are basic to constitutionalism: (a) the limitation of the state versus society in the form of respect for a set of human rights covering not only civic rights but also political and economic rights; and (b) the implementation of separation of powers within the state. Keywords shari, constitutionalism Disciplines Arts and Humanities | Law Publication Details N. Hosen, 'Constitutionalism and Shari'a' (2004) 11 (1) ELaw Journal 1-10. This journal article is available at Research Online: https://ro.uow.edu.au/lhapapers/1491 E LAW | Constitutionalism and Syar´i`ah http://www.murdoch.edu.au/elaw/issues/v11n1/hosen111nf.html E LAW | Murdoch -
Journal of Religion & Society
Journal of Religion & Society Volume 9 (2007) The Kripke Center ISSN 1522-5658 Muhammad’s Jewish Wives Rayhana bint Zayd and Safiya bint Huyayy in the Classic Islamic Tradition Ronen Yitzhak, Western Galilee College, Israel Abstract During his life, the Prophet Muhammad (570-632) married 12 different wives among whom were two Jewish women: Rayhana bint Zayd and Safiya bint Huyayy. These two women were widows whose husbands had been killed in wars with Muslims in Arabia. While Rayhana refused to convert to Islam at first and did so only after massive pressure, Safiya converted to Islam immediately after being asked. Rayhana died a few years before Muhammad, but Safiya lived on after his death. Classic Islamic sources claim that the Muslims did not like Rayhana because of her beauty and so made an issue of her Jewish origin, with Muhammad being the only one to treat her well. After Muhammad’s death, Safiya lived among his other wives in Mecca, but did not take part in the political intrigues at the beginning of Islam, in contrast to the other wives, especially the most dominant and favorite wife, Aisha. Introduction [1] According to Islamic tradition, the Prophet Muhammad married 12 different wives and had even more concubines. The custom of taking concubines was widespread in ancient times and therefore also was practiced in Arabia. Concubines were often taken in the context of war booty, and it seems that this is the reason for including in the Qur’an: “(you are forbidden) the married women, but not the concubines you, own” (Q 4:24; al-Qurtubi: 5.106). -
How Islamic Is Indonesia Constitution?
Implementing Islamic Constitutionalism: How Islamic Is Indonesia Constitution? Muhammad Siddiq Armia Abstract: Implementing Islamic Constitutionalism: How Islamic Is Indonesia Constitution?. Religious constitutionalism has recently become a global discussion. Such a trend arises as a result of several countries that have a majority of religious adherents declare their constitution based on certain religions. Thailand, for example, provides special norms about Buddhism (Buddhist constitutionalism), the Vatican has special norms about Catholicism (Catholic constitutionalism), India has special norms about Hinduism (Hindu constitutionalism), Saudi Arabia has norms specifically about Islam (Islamic constitutionalism), and so on. This article analyzes whether or not the Islamic principles have been adopted in the Indonesian Constitution. These principles consist of protecting religion, soul, mind, offsprings, and property. The author uses the five principles as a standard in measuring the entire Indonesian Constitution which constitutes to the teachings of Islam (Islamic constitutionalism). The implementation of Islamic constitutionalism can be identified through articles in the constitution. This study concluded that, in general, the Indonesian constitution could be considered to have agreed to Islamic constitutionalism, although in some cases it still needs to be actualized more. Keywords: Islamic constitutionalism, Indonesian’s constitution, comparative constitutional Abstrak: Mengimplementasikan Konstitusionalisme Islam: Seberapa Islamkah -
The Islamic State the Islamic State
The Islamic State The Islamic State The Islamic State By: Taqiuddin an-Nabhani Hizb ut-Tahrir Start of Dowla m.p65 1 09/08/00, 15:33 The Islamic State Al-Khilafah Publications Suite 298 56 Gloucester Road London SW7 4UB email: [email protected] website: http://www.khilafah.com 1419 AH / 1998 CE ISBN 1 899574 00X AH - After Hijrah CE - Christian Era Translation of the Qur’an The scholars of Islam are agreed that the Qur’an is only authentic in its original language, Arabic. Since perfect translation of the Qur’an is impossible, the term “Translation of the Meaning of the Qur’an (TMQ) has been used throughout the book, as the English wording presented is only a crude meaning of the Arabic text. Qur’anic ayat and the Arabic words have been italicised Printed and Bound by- De-Luxe Printers, London NW10 7NR. website: http://www.de-luxe.com email: [email protected] ii Start of Dowla m.p65 2 09/08/00, 15:33 The Islamic State iii Start of Dowla m.p65 3 09/08/00, 15:33 The Islamic State Contents Introduction 1 The Starting Point 4 Building the Sahabah 6 The Launching of the Da’wah 8 Hostility Against the Da’wah 10 The Interaction of the Da’wah 17 The Two Stages of the Da’wah 22 The Expansion of the Da’wah 26 The First Pledge of Al-Aqabah 28 The Da’wah in Madinah 29 The Second Pledge of Al-Aqabah 33 Establishing the Islamic State 41 Building the Society 43 The Preparation for Jihad 48 The Jihad Begins 51 Life in Madinah 55 Debating the Jews and the Christians 57 The Battle of Badr 62 Dealing with Banu Qaynuqa’ 65 Managing the Dissension 66 The -
Jihadist Website Posts Al-Libi's 'Guidance on the Ruling of the Muslim Spy' GMP20090708342001 Jihadist Websites -- OSC Summary in Arabic 30 Jun 09
UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY This product may contain copyrighted material; authorized use is for national security purposes of the United States Government only. Any reproduction, dissemination, or use is subject to the OSC usage policy and the original copyright. Show Full Version Jihadist Website Posts Al-Libi's 'Guidance on the Ruling of the Muslim Spy' GMP20090708342001 Jihadist Websites -- OSC Summary in Arabic 30 Jun 09 [Corrected version: removed multiple hyperlinks from text] Terrorism: Jihadist Website Posts Al-Libi's 'Guidance on the Ruling of the Muslim Spy' On 30 June, "Murasil al-Fajr" posted to the Islamic Al-Fallujah Forums website several links to a 149-page book entitled "Guidance on the Ruling of the Muslim Spy." The book discusses in detail the religious rulings concerning Muslim spies working for "the vicious Crusader campaign that is launched by the United States and its allies against Muslims and Islamic countries." The book contains an introduction by Ayman al-Zawahiri, Al-Qa'ida's second in command, who emphasizes the importance of the topic of the book and praises Al-Libi's "valuable, serious, scientific, and practical research on the Islamic judgment on spying." In the book, Al- Libi discusses in extensive detail all religious rulings concerning Muslim spies, emphasizing that they are "apostates" and therefore should be killed as they disclose "the shortcomings of Muslims." He also warns of their danger, saying: "One single piece of information transmitted to them, by one of their spies, is able to exasperate spirits, honor, and possessions in a way that thousands of their mobilized soldiers cannot do." The book was released and published by the Al-Fajr Media Center. -
Jews in the Qurʾān: an Evaluation of the Naming and the Content
JEWS IN THE QURʾĀN: AN EVALUATION OF THE NAMING AND THE CONTENT Salime Leyla Gürkan İstanbul 29 Mayıs University, Istanbul-Turkey E-mail: [email protected] Abstract No other people are mentioned in the Qurʾān as often as the people of Israel. They appear in sixteen sūrahs and approximately forty verses by name (banū Isrāʾīl). The Qurʾān also makes reference to the Jews either by name (al-yahūd/hūd) or within the context of the people of the book (ahl al-kitāb). This paper aims to discuss the Qurʾānic verses about the Jews and the people of Israel in terms of the naming and the content. Key questions to be addressed are: What is the purpose of the frequent mention of the people of Israel in the Qurʾān? What is the context and the content of the verses about the Jews and the people of Israel both in Meccan and Medinan sūrahs? What message or messages are intended to or can be conveyed by these verses? Key Words: Qurʾān, Jews (yahūd/hūd), the people of Israel (banū Isrāʾīl), the people of the book (ahl al-kitāb), the Prophet Muḥammad, Muslims, Islām. Ilahiyat Studies Copyright © Bursa İlahiyat Foundation Volume 7 Number 2 Summer / Fall 2016 p-ISSN: 1309-1786 / e-ISSN: 1309-1719 DOI: 10.12730/13091719.2016.72.148 164 Salime Leyla Gürkan Introduction The word “religion (dīn)” is used in the Qurʾān as a term that includes all religion(s).1 Nevertheless, the Qurʾān does not mention religions or religious systems individually or by name (in fact, there is no Qurʾānic usage of a plural form of the word dīn, i.e., adyān). -
Battles by the Prophet (Saws)
INDSET MONOGRAPH SERIES ON ISLAM AND QUR'AN No. 13 BATTLES BY THE PROPHET (SAWS) Sayyid Ameenul Hasan Rizvi Indian School of Excellence Trust (INDSET) Hyderabad - INDIA iii BATTLES BY THE PROPHET (SAWS) CONTENTS Page Foreword : Chairman - vii MEDNET Introduction ....................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1 – THE BATTLE OF BADR 15-39 Background ......................................................... 16 The Genesis ......................................................... 21 Orientalists’ Bias ............................................... 23 Prophet’s (SAWS) Reluctance ............................ 28 The Encounter .................................................... 30 Highlights ........................................................... 31 Three Incidents .................................................. 34 Quran’s Word Comes True .............................. 36 CHAPTER 2 – THE BATTLE OF UHUD 40-60 Role of Munafiqeen (Hypocrites) ...................... 42 Brilliant General ................................................ 44 Tables Turn ....................................................... 49 Conduct of Muslims .......................................... 52 iv The Archers ....................................................... 56 Lapses Forgiven .................................................. 59 CHAPTER 3 – THE BATTLE OF TRENCH 61-75 Exemplary Leadership ...................................... 64 Treachery ............................................................ 67 Counter–Move .................................................. -
Created by Iman Bendjedidi For
Created by Iman Bendjedidi for www.ImansHomeschool.wordpress.com Created by Iman Bendjedidi for www.ImansHomeschool.wordpress.com A man from Bani Israel called out to announce the arrival of the Prophet (saas). When the people heard the call they all stopped what they were doing and rushed to line the streets of Madinah. Many of the new Muslims of Madinah had never even met the Messenger of Allah (saas). Out in the distance of the hot desert, two shapes appeared heading towards the city of Madinah. At first the people mistook Abu Bakr for the Prophet (saas) until the kind-hearted, noble companion covered the Prophet (saas) with his own cloth to protect him from the blazing sun. The Prophet (saas) stayed for the first few days in a place called Quba where he built the very first Masjid of Islam with his own hands. He then rode his camel to the centre of Madinah. Allah guided the camel until she came to rest on her knees. The place where she stopped belonged to two orphans called Suhail and Sahl. It was here that the Prophet (saas) built his Masjid and his home. Created by Iman Bendjedidi for www.ImansHomeschool.wordpress.com The Messenger of Allah (saas) soon became the leader of Al-Madinah. The Muhaajiroon and the Ansar were true brothers in Islam. The Ansar were so kind and generous that they shared their wealth and property with the Muhaajiroon. The Muslims were now able to live freely in peace. It was at this time that the Prophet (saas) drew up the first political constitution which enjoined a pact of security for the people of Madinah. -
AR-RAHEEQ AL-Mahtni3m (THE SEALED NECTAR)
First Prize Winner Book AR-RAHEEQ AL-MAHtni3M (THE SEALED NECTAR) Biography of the Noble Prophets This Book was awarded First Prize by the Muslim World League at world-wide competition on the biography of the Prophet i| held at Makkah Al-Mukarramah in 1399 H / 1979 ~ ig. ti\jit ..<»•< Safi-ur-Rahman al-Mubarakpuri Islamic University Al-Madina Al-Munawwara Maktaba Dar-us-Salam Publishers and Distributors Saudi Arabia . UK . USA . Pakistan AR-RAHEEQ AL-MAKHTUM « © Dar-us-Salam Publications, 1996/-*1416 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED " V- -- .-'-"oj- No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission of the publisher. First Edition J_,Vl 3 y.Ull Supervised by: ABDUL MALIK MUJAHID Published by: .* Dar-us-Salam Publications j t \ \ £t y Jjb P.O. Box 22743,' Riyadh 11416 mu <>Ljll - YYVir .^ um Tel: 4033962 Fax: 4021659 f.ruM J*£li i.miY la Kingdom of Saudi Arabia a—jjj « J 4_hj->JI 2 < t . - Branches in other Countries: Dar-us-Salam Publications Dar-us-Salam Publications P.O. Box: 737651, Corona 10107, Westview 308 Elmhurst Queen Houston,Tx 77043, USA NY1 1373, USA Tel: (713) 935-9206 Tel: (718) 699-5366 Fax:(713)722-0431 Dar-us-Salam Publications Dar-us-Salam Publications 50, Lower Mall Road Rahman Market Near M.A.O. College Ghazni Street, Urdu Bazar Lahore, Pakistan Lahore, Pakistan. Tel & Fax: (042) 7354072 Tel: (042) 7120054 PUBLISHER'S NOTE Heart of every Muslim is filled with the love of the last Prophet Muhammad is for him. -
Miftaah Online Notes: Hadith | Session 2
MIFTAAH ONLINE PROPHETIC TRADITIONS Imam Ali Hofioni S Hadith– Sanctity of Human Life E S Some try to use this hadith to attack Islam, and for some, S doubts can come into their heart. It is important to ask I someone qualified to answer these questions that come O to mind and to not let them fester. N َ َﺣ ﱠﺪﺛَ َﻨﺎ َﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ ﷲﱠِ ﺑْ ُﻦ ُﻣﺤَ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﺴ َﻨ ِﺪي، َﻗﺎ َل َﺣ ﱠﺪﺛَ َﻨﺎ أﺑُﻮ َر ْوح ا ْﻟﺤَﺮَ ِﻣﻲ ﺑْ ُﻦ ُﻋ َﻤﺎ َر َة، ﱡ ٍ ﱡ َ َ ُ ُ َ َ ﻗﺎ َل َﺣ ﱠﺪﺛ َﻨﺎ ﺷ ْﻌ َﺒﺔ، َﻋ ْﻦ َوا ِﻗ ِﺪ ﺑْ ِﻦ ُﻣﺤَ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ، ﻗﺎ َل َﺳ ِﻤ ْﻌ ُﺖ أﺑِﻲ ﻳُﺤَ ﱢﺪ ُث، َﻋ ِﻦ اﺑْ ِﻦ 2 َ " ُ َ ُ ُﻋ َﻤﺮَ، أ ﱠن َر ُﺳﻮ َل ﷲﱠِ ﺻﲆ ﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ َﻗﺎ َل أ ِﻣ ْﺮ ُت أ ْن أ َﻗﺎﺗِ َﻞ اﻟ ﱠﻨﺎ َس َ َ َ َﺣ ﱠﺘﻰ ﻳَ ْﺸ َﻬ ُﺪوا أ ْن ﻻَ ِإﻟ َﻪ ِإﻻﱠ ﷲﱠُ َوأ ﱠن ُﻣﺤَ ﱠﻤ ًﺪا َر ُﺳﻮ ُل ﷲﱠِ، َوﻳُ ِﻘﻴ ُﻤﻮا اﻟ ﱠﺼﻼَ َة، َ َ ُ َ َ َوﻳُ ْﺆﺗُﻮا اﻟﺰﱠ َﻛﺎ َة، ﻓ ِﺈ َذا ﻓ َﻌﻠﻮا َذﻟِ َﻚ َﻋ َﺼ ُﻤﻮا ِﻣﻨﱢﻲ ِد َﻣﺎ َء ُﻫ ْﻢ َوأ ْﻣ َﻮاﻟ ُﻬ ْﻢ ِإﻻﱠ ﺑِﺤَ ﱢﻖ . " ا ِﻹ ْﺳﻼَ ِم، َو ِﺣ َﺴﺎﺑُ ُﻬ ْﻢ َﻋ َﲆ ﷲﱠِ said: "I have been ordered (by Allah) to fight against (ﷺ) Allah's Messenger the people until they testify that none has the right to be worshipped but and offer the prayers ,(ﷺ) Allah and that Muhammad is Allah's Messenger perfectly and give the obligatory charity, so if they perform that, then they save their lives and property from me except for Islamic laws and then their reckoning (accounts) will be done by Allah." 1 p.g. -
Jihad and the Islamic Law of War
JIHAD AND THE ISLAMIC LAW OF WAR the royal aal al-bayt institute for islamic thought 2009 • jordan JIHAD AND THE ISLAMIC LAW OF WAR the royal aal al-bayt institute for islamic thought 2009 • jordan contents Overview v 1. Does jihad mean “holy war”? 1 2. What is the role of non-violent jihad ? 4 3. Do Muslims go to war against others merely because they are non-Muslim? 9 4. What are the Five Basic Rights of Islamic law, and how do they relate to war? 11 5. What does the Qur’an say about jihad and fighting? 13 6. When do Muslims make treaties? 16 7. What is the distinction between pre-emption and aggression? 21 8. What is the difference between “TheAbode of Islam” and “TheAbode ofWar”? 24 9. Is forced conversion an Islamic teaching? 27 10. What is the “sword verse”? 31 contents 11. What are the basic rules of combat as laid down in Islam’s authoritative texts? 35 12. What is the status of non-Muslims under Islamic rule? 37 13. What is the jizyah , or poll-tax, on non-Muslims? 43 14. Does orthodox Islam sanction rebellion against political authority? 47 15. How does the Islamic law of war come to be violated? 53 Conclusion 64 Further Reading 69 Notes 71 overview what is the Islamic law of war and peace? This crucial question underlies all discussion of jihad , perhaps the most misrepresented of ideas in the West’s understanding of Islam. “Holy war”, 1 “a faith spread by the sword”, 2 “Islamo- fascism”, 3 “infidel”, 4 andmanyoftheothercatchphrasesso popular in the uninformed debate on this topic only serve to muddle the issue.