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A man from Bani Israel called out to announce the arrival of the Prophet (saas). When the people heard the call they all stopped what they were doing and rushed to line the streets of Madinah. Many of the new Muslims of Madinah had never even met the Messenger of Allah (saas).
Out in the distance of the hot desert, two shapes appeared heading towards the city of Madinah. At first the people mistook Abu Bakr for the Prophet (saas) until the kind-hearted, noble companion covered the Prophet (saas) with his own cloth to protect him from the blazing sun.
The Prophet (saas) stayed for the first few days in a place called Quba where he built the very first Masjid of Islam with his own hands.
He then rode his camel to the centre of Madinah. Allah guided the camel until she came to rest on her knees. The place where she stopped belonged to two orphans called Suhail and Sahl. It was here that the Prophet (saas) built his Masjid and his home.
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The Messenger of Allah (saas) soon became the leader of Al-Madinah. The Muhaajiroon and the Ansar were true brothers in Islam. The Ansar were so kind and generous that they shared their wealth and property with the Muhaajiroon. The Muslims were now able to live freely in peace.
It was at this time that the Prophet (saas) drew up the first political constitution which enjoined a pact of security for the people of Madinah. The other tribes, who were mainly Jews, were given protection under this constitution and were allowed to live in peace alongside the Muslims.
Not every one was happy about the growing number of Muslims and the Prophet’s establishment as leader of Madinah ... and so the seeds of hypocrisy began to grow.
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The Quraish were so angry at the Prophet (saas) for leaving Makkah that they were determined to destroy Islam once and for all. Abu Jahl, who was the leader of Quraish, prepared an army of a thousand men and began marching towards Madinah. It was at this time that Allah revealed permission for the Muslims to fight and defend Islam:
“And fight in the Way of Allah those who fight you, but transgress not the limits.” (Qur’an 2:190)
The Muslims army had only 300 men but everyone was ready to give their life for the sake of Allah. The Muslims put their trust in Allah and when the battle began Allah supported the Muslim army with 3000 Angels.
The Muslims fought bravely and killed many of the Quraish including their leader, Abu Jahl. The disbelievers were filled with fear and began to retreat. Allah granted the Muslims a great victory over their former oppressors. The Prophet ordered the Muslims to treat the prisoners well and to share the war booty amongst the Muslims fairly. The Battle of Badr was fought on Friday 17th Ramadhan in the second year after the Hijrah.
In the same year Allah revealed to the Prophet (saas) that the Muslims should change their qiblah from the direction of Masjid Al Aqsa in Jerusalem to the direction of the Ka’bah in Makkah.
The Jews and the hypocrites began to question why the direction had been changed and so
Allah revealed:
“And to Allah belong the east and the West, so wherever you turn (in direction for prayer) there is the Face of Allah.” (Qur’an 2:115)
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What did the What happened Who protected archers do when the the Prophet when they saw archers during the the Quraish disobeyed the battle? retreating? Prophet?
What did What order did How many men fought in Abdullah Ibn the Prophet the battle of Ubay do when give to the he saw the army archers on Uhud?
of Quraish? Mount Uhud?
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The Quraish were angry at their defeat at Badr and were looking to take revenge. They assembled an army of three thousand men, two hundred on horses and seven hundred wearing armour. The Muslim army could only gather a thousand men and only one hundred wore armour.
When the Prophet (saas) and his army reached Mount Uhud, Abdullah Ibn Ubay, the leader of the hypocrites , and three hundred men with him turned and ran back to Madinah when they saw the size of the army of Quraish leaving the Muslim army with only seven hundred men.
Fifty archers and their leader, Abdullah Ibn Jubayr stationed themselves on top of Mount Uhud. The Prophet ordered them not to leave their position in victory or defeat.
The archers rained arrows on the charging Quraish killing many of them. When the Muslims started winning the Quraish began to retreat. When some of the archers saw this they became excited and ran down the mountain to collect the spoils. They left behind their leader Abdullah Ibn Jubayr and disobeyed Allah’s Messenger (saas).
When the Quraish realised the archers were no longer shooting their arrows they came back and attacked the Muslims from behind the mountain. There were not enough archers left to protect the Muslim army and many Muslims were killed, including the Prophet’s uncle, Hamzah (ra). Even the Prophet (saas) was injured when a stone hit him in the face, knocking out a tooth.
Many of the companions fought bravely to protect the Prophet (saas). One of them was Abu
Dujaanah (ra). He used his own body as a shield to protect the Messenger of Allah (saas) from the arrows. In the end there was no victory for either side. This was a lesson from Allah (swt) to those who disobeyed His Messenger (saas).
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Despite the Muslim victory at the battle of Badr, the pagans and Jews continued to harass the Muslims, trying again and again to provoke them into fighting. The Jews of Banu Qaynuqa mistreated the Muslims publicly. The Prophet (saas) ordered them to stop but they refused so instead the Prophet (saas) ordered the Muslims to remain patient.
One day in the market Place some Jews of Banu Qaynuqa started a fight which resulted in the death of a Muslim and a Jew. When the Prophet (saas) heard this he ordered the Muslims to fight against them. After two weeks of fighting Banu Qaynuqa surrendered and the Prophet (saas) banished them towards Adhrat in Syria where most of them died. The Prophet (saas) approached the Jews of Banu Nadir to ask them to help contribute towards a compensation of blood money. The Jews asked the Prophet (saas) to sit and wait while they consulted in private. Instead of discussing how they would help the Prophet (saas) they began to plot how to kill him! They planned to carry a millstone and drop it on him.
But Allah sent Jibreel to reveal to the Prophet (saas) what they were planning. The Prophet (saas) escaped and returned to Madinah where it was decided that Banu Nadir had ten days to leave because they had betrayed the peace treaty. Abdullah bin Ubayy, the head of the hypocrites, sent a message to the Prophet (saas) saying that Banu Nadir refused to leave. The Prophet (saas) and his companions (ra) travelled to Banu Nadir’s territory where they began to fight them. The fight lasted 6 days until the Jews surrendered on the condition that they would be allowed to leave safely. Most of them resettled in Khaybar while some moved on to Syria.
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Abu Sufyan was still angry of the defeat at Badr. He wished for another opportunity to fight and he made an oath that he would not
bathe until he had fought with the Prophet (saas) again.
He took an army of 200 men to Madinah to raid a settlement called Arid. At the same time
he destroyed some date trees and killed two of the Ansar.
When the Prophet (saas) heard about the raid, he and his companions gave chase, but Abu Sufyan and his men managed to escape.
To get away quickly the Quraish were forced to get rid of many of their valuable provisions,
especially their cornmeal, or saweeq. This is how the expedition got its name.
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The exiled Jewish tribes, now based in Khaybar, began plotting their revenge against the Muslims. They pledged support to the Quraish to begin a new campaign and they gathered support from more and more tribes. This new coalition began moving towards Madinah.
When this news reached the Prophet (saas), he consulted with his companions. Salman Al-Farisi (ra) advised that the Muslims should dig a trench to keep the enemy away.
While fighting against hunger, the Muslims, and even the Prophet (saas) began the hard work of digging the deep, long trench. When the enemy approached they were amazed and Abu Sufyan, leader of the army, became furious. He sent men to find a way across the trench but every time they came close they were forced back by the arrows and stones from the Muslim archers.
One day a few of the pagans managed to vault over the trench at a narrow spot but they were met by the sword of Ali Ibn Abu Talib (ra).
During this time the chief of Banu Nadir got the chief of Banu Quraydha to go back on his word and end his peace treaty with the Muslims. This left the women and children of the Muslims in a vulnerable position because they were camped in fortresses near the stronghold of Banu Quraydha.
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Banu Quraydha broke their pact with the Muslims and sided with the Quraish.
When the Prophet (saas) learned of their
betrayal, he rushed 500 soldiers to protect the women and children.
The envoys of the Prophet (saas) found the Jews openly hostile, insulting the Prophet (saas). When they reported this back to the Prophet (saas) he covered his head with a cloth and lay down.
At this point it seemed as if war was about
to begin when Nu’aym bin Mas’ood Ashaja’i of the Jewish Tribe of Ghatfan came to declare he had become a Muslim.
Nu’aym had ties to the Quraish and the Jews so the Prophet (saas) sent him to secretly send messages to the Quraish, to Banu Quraydha and to his own tribe of Ghatfan to trick one against the other,
making each group believe the others had betrayed them.
This plan created suspicion amongst the Pagan and Jewish allies and each one distrusted the other. This succeeded in splitting the alliance.
During this time the Muslims were making
sincere du’a for protection. In response, Allah sent a severe storm and an army of angels against the enemy. Their tents and supplies were blown over and ruined. The freezing cold was too much to bear and they prepared to retreat.
Next, the Muslims began to advance on the settlement of Banu Quraydha. After a
25 day siege, the Jews surrendered. The men were executed and the women and children were held captive.
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The Slander against
A’isha What did A’isha do when she heard about the slander?
Why was A’isha left behind when the Muslims journeyed to Madinah?
What did the Prophet say to A’isha?
Who discovered A’isha and took her safely back to the camp?
What was A’isha’s response to the Prophet ?
Who started the lies against A’isha?
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After an expedition the Muslims were travelling
to return to Madinah. The camp was preparing to leave when A’isha (ra) realised she had lost her necklace. She went out to look for it and Which ayat did Allah reveal to declare when she returned she found the camp had A’isha’s innocence? moved on without her. She lay down to sleep knowing they would come back for her when they discovered she was missing.
Safwaan bin Mu’attal Salami remained behind to collect anything that may have been left behind. When he discovered A’isha had been left behind he exclaimed: To Allah we belong
and to Him we shall return. When A’isha heard him she instantly covered her face.
What was the punishment for those who Safwaan prepared a camel for her to ride and had believed and spread the lies? he led the camel by the halter without looking at A’isha (ra) nor speaking to her out of respect.
When he caught up with the camp he was
spotted by Abdullah Ibn Ubayy, the leader of the hypocrites who began immediately to fabricate a lie that A’isha (ra) and Safwaan had stayed behind deliberately. The lie spread quickly.
A’isha (ra) was ill for a month when she returned to Madinah and, confined to her bed, she had no idea of the rumours that were circulating. The only thing she noticed was that the Prophet (saas) seemed cold towards her. He too had heard the rumours. A’isha eventually learned of the rumours from Umm Mistah. She asked the Prophet’s permission to go to her parent’s house. Her parents also confirmed they had heard the rumours. A’isha cried for two days and nights.
After the second night had passed the Prophet (saas) came to see her and told her he had heard the rumours. He advised her:” If you are innocent then Allah will prove your innocence, and if you have sinned then repent and seek Allah’s Forgiveness for He forgives those who repent.”
A’isha was shocked that even the Prophet (saas) seemed to think the rumours may be true. She replied: “If I say I am innocent – and Allah knows I am innocent – you will not accept it as true so I say what the father of Yusuf (as) said “Patience is beautiful. I seek the help of Allah against what you assert (12:18) .” She then turned her back and lay down.
At that mo ment Allah revealed her innocence in the ayat of Surat an-Noor 24:11-18, admonishing those who had believed the lies against A’isha and those who had spread the slander. Allah also revealed the punishment for those who commit such wicked accusations.
Those who had spread the lies were lashed 80 times each, but Abdullah Ibn Ubayy escaped the punishment, but his punishment will come in the Hereafter.
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Why was a treaty negotiated?
What were the conditions of the treaty?
What were the effects of the truce?
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After seeing a vision, the Prophet (saas) and his companions set out for Makkah to perform Umrah. The Quraish were determined to prevent the Muslims from entering Makkah, even if it meant another war.
The Prophet (saas) informed them that they only wished to perform Umrah and would only fight if the Quraish attacked the Muslims. The Muslims made a pledge of allegiance to the Prophet (saas) promising they would fight to the death.
When the Quraish heard about the pledge they decided to avoid going to war and instead offered to make a peace treaty.
There were several conditions to the treaty:
The first condition was that the Prophet (saas) and the Muslims were to go back without making Umrah. They would be allowed to return for three days the following year to make Umrah but they could carry no weapons except for one sword in its sheath.
The second condition was that the treaty would be in place for ten years.
The third condition was the hardest for the companions to bear. It stated that anyone who escaped from the Quraish to Madinah must be returned but if anyone left Madinah to join the Quraish the pagans would not be required to return them to the Muslims.
The companions (ra) were upset at the conditions and felt they were very unfair. But the Prophet (saas) told them that Allah declared it a victory.
“Verily I have granted you a manifest victory” (48:1)
Not long after the treaty was agreed some Muslim women escaped from the Quraish. The Quraish demanded the women be returned. The Prophet (saas) rejected their demands saying the treaty had nothing to do with the women. At that time, Allah revealed the ayah 60:10 which does not allow a Muslim woman to remain married to a disbeliever.
Still, Muslim men escaped from the Quraish and tried to head to Madinah, but the Prophet (saas) kept to the treaty and returned them.
When the escapees began to fear for their lives, they fled the Quraish and settled on the coast. Soon they had formed a large colony and they began to intercept the Quraish trade caravans seizing their goods.
The Quraish became concerned about losing their property and complained to the Prophet (saas) asking him to call the escapees to live in Madinah. After this the Quraish guaranteed anybody leaving to join the Muslims would be left in peace.
The effects of the truce meant that more and more people came to Islam freely.
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After forming the treaty of Hudaybiyah, the Prophet (saas) sent letters to the kings and rulers across the world inviting them to embrace Islam. He wrote to:
As-huma Ibn Abjar, Najashi (king) of Abyssinia who embraced Islam.
Muqauqis, king of Alexandria and Egypt who did not accept but sent gifts to the Prophet (saas) including a woman named Maria whom the Prophet (saas) married. She was the mother of his son, Ibrahim. Chosroes (Khusro) the king of Persia who ripped up the letter.
Heraclius the Roman Emperor who saw the truth of the message but refused to embrace Islam because he feared he would lose his throne.
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Harith Ibn Abu Shammar Ghassani, the viceroy of Damascus. He declared war when he
received the letter but was denied permission to fight by Heraclius.
The Amir of Basra, but the messenger was intercepted at Mu’ta in southern Jordan where he was executed by Sharahbeel Ibn Amr Ghassani. In response, the Prophet (saas) later waged war against Sharahbeel in the Battle of Mu’ta.
Haudha Ibn Ali, chief of Yamamah who did not
embrace Islam. Instead he asked for part of the Prophet’s dominion and in return he promised to serve him. The Prophet (saas) rejected his response.
Mundhir, the ruler of Bahrain, who embraced Islam and began collecting the jizyah from the Jews and Zoroastrians in his kingdom.
Abd and Jayfar, brothers and joint rulers of Oman, who both embraced Islam and assisted in
collecting the zakat.
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In the Month of Muharram 7 AH the Prophet (saas) announced an expedition to Khaybar. The Jewish
Tribes of Banu Nadir and Banu Qaynuqa had settled in Khaybar after being banished from Madinah, and now they were planning a military campaign against the Muslims.
1400 men set out marching along a route that would block the Jew’s escape route to Syria. On the last night of the march the Muslims approached Khaybar and the Jews were still unaware of their presence.
After the Fajr prayer the Prophet (saas) led the Muslim towards Khaybar where they were spotted by early morning farmers who ran back shouting to warn the tribes.
Over a number of days the Muslims battled with the Jews who were spread across three main settlements protected by several forts and castles. Two settlements were conquered and huge amounts of grain and food supplies were captured.
The final settlement was about to captured when the Jews negotiated for peace. They agreed to go into exile with their families if they were promised safe passage. The Prophet (saas) agreed and allowed them to carry along with them whatever they could carry of gold, silver, horses and weapons, but they were warned that if they hid anything the agreement would be nullified.
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During the battle at Khaybar the Muslims slaughtered several donkeys to satisfy their hunger but the Prophet (saas) forbade his men to eat the meat.
On his order, all the cooking pots containing the meat were overturned. INSTRUCTIONS: Fold this page along dotted line at the bottom of the template. Cut around the donkey but do not along the bottom line. You should have a donkey- shaped flap when complete.
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At the end of the Battle of Khaybar the Muslim emigrants returned from Abyssinia. A group of them headed towards Khaybar hoping to join the battle while the rest returned to Madinah. By the time the group reached Khaybar the war was over but the spoils of war hadn’t yet been distributed.
Among the emigrants arriving at Khaybar was Jafar Ibn Abu Talib. The Prophet (saas) smiled and kissed his forehead to greet him and he gave him a share of the spoils for his attempt to take part in the battle.
Now that peace prevailed, the Jews began a new form of warfare ~ they conspired to kill the Prophet (saas). A Jewish woman presented a roasted goat to the Prophet (saas). Knowing that he enjoyed the shoulder meat, she had sprinkled it with poison. On the first taste the Prophet (saas) quickly spat it out saying: “This is poison!”
The woman and the Jews were called to the Prophet (saas) and they confessed their crime. The Prophet (saas) forgave them but when Bara Ibn Marur died from eating the meat, the woman was executed as punishment.
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How many What was the
soldiers reason for the fought in the Battle of Battle? Mu’ta?
Who carried What was the the standard aim of the of the Battle of Muslims into Mu’ta? battle?
What strategy What orders did the did the Muslims use Prophet to defeat the give before Romans? the Battle?
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When the Prophet (saas) sent a messenger with an invitation to Islam to the ruler of Basra he was killed en route in Mu’ta. The Prophet (saas) took this as a declaration of war and prepared his army.
The aimWhen of marchingthe Prophet on (saas)Mu’ta sentwas toa messengerinvite the peoplewith an there invitation to Islam. to Islam The Muslims to the ruler were of orderedBasra to fight he was only killed if their en callroute was in rejected.Mu’ta. The Prophet (saas) took this as a declaration of war and prepared his army. The Prophet (saas) ordered that women, children, and the sick and elderly were not to be harmedThe and aim that of marching date trees on were Mu’ta not was to be to cutinvite down the andpeople buildings there to were Islam not. Theto be Muslims destroyed. were ordered to fight only if their call was rejected. The Muslim army consisted of 3000 men while the Roman army had 200, 000 heavily armed soldiers.The Prophet (saas) ordered that women, children, and the sick and elderly were not to be harmed and that date trees were not to be cut down and buildings were not to Zayd beIbn destroyed. Haritha carried the banner of Islam until he was struck down by the enemy. The standard was then carried by Jafar Ibn Abu Talib who carried it until his right hand was cut off. AfterThe thatMuslim he ca armyrried consisted it in his left of 3000hand menuntil while it was the also Roman cut off. army He hadthen 200, held 000it in his lap until heheavily was killedarmed after soldiers. receiving over 90 wounds. The banner was then taken by Abdullah Ibn Rawaha until he too was killed. Thabit Ibn Arqam then kept the standard high until the Zayd Ibn Haritha carried the banner of Islam until he was struck down by the Muslims nominated Khalid Ibn Waleed to take up the standard. enemy. The standard was then carried by Jafar Ibn Abu Talib who carried it until The nexthis rightmorning hand Khalid was cutIbn off. Waleed After changedthat he carriedthe position it in his of hisleft troopshand untilto trick it was the alsoenemy into thinkingcut theoff. MuslimsHe then heldhad newit in reinforcements.his lap until he wasThis killed continued after receivingfor seven overdays 90 until wounds. the RomansThe retr bannereated was because then theytake nthought by Abdullah the Muslims Ibn Rawaha were untilreceiving he too continual was killed. reinforcements. Thabit Ibn Arqam then kept the standard high until the Muslims nominated Khalid Ibn Waleed to take up the standard.
The next morning Khalid Ibn Waleed changed the position of his troops to trick the enemy in
The Treaty of Hudaybiyah had allowed both Pagans and Muslims to enter into alliances with one another freely.
Banu Khuzaa sided with the Muslims while their rivals Banu Bakr sided with the Quraish. The two tribes had been feuding long before Islam but now with the strength of the Quraish on their side,
Banu Bakr made a night raid on Banu Khuzaa killing more than 20 men.
This action meant they had broken the peace treaty and now the Quraish were worried how the Prophet (saas) and the Muslims would react. Abu Sufyan came to Madinah to try to rectify the situation but the Prophet (saas) refused to respond to him. Abu Sufyan announced an end to the hostilities and returned to Makkah. The Prophet (saas) began making preparations for war.
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On the 10th Day of Ramadhan, 8 AH, the Prophet (saas) marched towards Makkah with ten thousand companions.
Night fell as they approached Makkah. Each soldier was ordered to light a fire for himself.
Ten thousands fires burned brightly, amazing the enemy and worrying Abu
Sufyan, the head of the Pagans, who thought that the Muslims must have a huge army.
The Prophet’s uncle, Abbaas brought Abu Sufyan to the Prophet (saas). Umar Ibn Al- Khattab asked repeatedly for permission to kill him but the Prophet (saas) refused. He ordered Abbaas to take him to stay the night in his house. In the morning Abbaas
brought Abu Sufyan before the Prophet (saas) again.
The Prophet (saas) asked him to embrace Islam and he repeated the shahadah. He also honoured him saying:
“Whoever enters Abu Sufyan’s house is safe, whoever shuts the door upon himself is safe
and he whoever enters the Sacred Masjid is safe.”
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Abu Sufyan returns to Makkah
The Muslims conquer Makkah
The Prophet enters the Sacred Masjid
Abu Sufyan returned to Makkah and informed the Quraish that whoever enters the house of Abu Sufyan would be safe, whoever remained in his own house would be safe and whoever entered the Sacred Masjid would be safe. Many people rushed to their homes or to the Kabah.
The Muslim army entered Makkah from above and below. They were ordered to kill any pagan who resisted them. A few of the Quraish fought and were killed while the rest ran away.
The Prophet (saas) entered the Sacred Masjid reciting Surah Al Fath. He then kissed the Black Stone and made Tawaaf around the Ka’bah.
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Which ayah did the Prophet recite when he destroyed the idols?
How many idols were placed in and around the Ka’bah?
What did the Prophet do when the
idols had been removed?
Over the years 360 idols had been placed around the Ka’bah by the pagans who would come to visit every year.
The Prophet (saas) ordered that the Ka’bah be unlocked. He then removed and destroyed all of the idols and rubbed out all of the pictures.
As he destroyed the idols he recited: “And say: What did the Prophet do with Truth has come and Falsehood has vanished. Truly,
the idols? falsehood is ever bound to vanish.” (17:81)
Once the idols had been removed, the Prophet (saas) entered the Ka’bah with Usama Ibn Zayd and Bilal and shut the door. He faced the front wall and prayed two rak’ah of salaat.
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When the Prophet (saas) came out of the Ka’bah, he found it surrounded by the Quraish who were waiting to see what the Prophet (saas) would do to them.
He explained to them the laws of Islam and abolished all the pagan practises. Then he said simply:
“Have no fear this day: go on your way for you are all free.”
The Prophet (saas) then climbed mount Safa and raised his hands in prayer. When he had finished the people began coming to him to give their shahadah and pledge allegiance.
Of all those who had waged war against
Islam and persecuted the Muslim, no more than six were executed.
The Prophet (saas) remained in Makkah for 19 days before returning to Madinah
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The Pagan tribes surrounding Makkah now feared they would be attacked by the Muslims. They began to prepare their army. They also took along their women, children and livestock thinking that they would be able to fight better when defending their families behind them.
When the Prophet (saas) learned of their plans he arranged his army of 12,000 soldiers. On 6th Shawaal, 8 AH they marched from Makkah and arrived at Hunayn on the 10th.
The Pagans attacked by surprise causing the Muslims to flee and retreat. The Prophet immediately prayed to Allah and called the companions to return. The Prophet then picked up a handful of dust and threw it saying: “May their faces be disfigured!”
Allah caused the dust to sting the eyes of the enemy and they ran away helpless. After this crushing defeat many of the pagans embraced Islam.
The Prophet (saas) then marched with his army towards Ta’if. By the time he reached the city the citizens had already closed the gates and stocked enough provisions to last for a year.
The Muslims then began to attack the city. They tried many ways to force the army of Ta’if to surrender but to no avail. The Muslims tried using catapults and tried drilling through the wall but they were fought off by the enemy.
Finally the Prophet ordered that the city’s splendid orchards of dates and grapes be destroyed. The people of Ta’if begged that their orchards be spared so the Prophet (saas) took pity on them and told his men to stop.
He then announced to the city that any slave that escaped the city would be set free. He hoped this would help reduce the enemy’s numbers. Several slaves managed to escape the city. After almost 30 days the Prophet (saas) decided to end the siege. He was once again given the choice to have the city destroyed, but instead he prayed for the people of Ta’if to be guided.
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Why did the Muslims march to Tabuk?
What hardships did the Muslims face?
Which land did the Muslims pass through on their way to Tabuk?
What happened when the Muslims reached Tabuk?
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After defeating the Persians, the Roman army grew confident and began to plan an attack against the Muslims. When the Prophet (saas) heard that the Romans were planning an attack he asked the Muslims to prepare for war. He asked them to give whatever they could to support the expedition.
The expedition was extremely difficult. It was the middle of a very hot summer and the Muslims had to march across the desert. Despite the generosity of the companions, the army was poorly equipped. There were not enough camels for everyone and food was in short supply. To make matters worse, the hypocrites were ridiculing the Muslims and casting doubts about their chances of defeating the Romans.
In the month of Rajab, 9 AH the Prophet and an army of 30,000 set out for Tabuk. The soldiers had to take turns riding the camels and they were forced to slaughter some to drink the water from their stomachs. The Muslims stopped at Al-Hijr, the land of the Thamood, the nation who rejected Prophet Salih (as). They drew water from the wells but the Prophet told them to pour it away. He showed them the well from which the She-Camel used to drink and they drew water from there instead.
When the Muslims reached Tabuk the Roman army retreated. They were afraid to face an army that had crossed 400 km of desert just to challenge them. The Prophet (saas) remained in Tabuk for 20 days to intimidate the Romans. In that time he made agreements with surrounding Arab tribes. In return for a peace treaty, the tribes offered 100 dinars every year plus ¼ of all the fruits they produced.
On his return to Madina the Prophet (saas) learned of the death of As-Huma Ibn Abjar, the Najshi of Abyssinia. He had been so kind to the
Muslims and gave them
safety when they were oppressed by the Pagans. He later embraced Islam. The Prophet offered the funeral prayer for him.
Then in Sha’baan the Prophet’s daughter, Umm
Kulthoom (ra) died. The Prophet (saas) performed her funeral prayer and laid her in her grave. He recognised the sadness of
Umm Abdullah Ibn her husband, Uthman The Najashi (ra) and told him that if of Abyssinia Kulthoom Ubayy he’d had a third daughter he would have married her to him.
A couple of months later in Dhul-Qa’dah, the leader of the Hypocrites, Abdullah Ibn Ubayy died.
The Prophet (saas) prayed for his forgiveness and offered the funeral prayer despite the protest of Umar Ibn Al-Khattab (ra). Later, Allah revealed the ayat telling the Prophet (saas) not to offer the funeral prayer for the hypocrites
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It had been a year since the conquest of Makkah. The Prophet (saas) sent Abu Bakr (ra) to lead the Muslims for Hajj.
Before Islam, the Pagan Arabs had been in control of the Ka’bah and inherited the rites of
Hajj. But they had destroyed the rituals with innovations and idol worship.
When Abu Bakr and the Muslims set out for Makkah, Allah revealed the opening verse of Surah At-Tawbah:
The Mushrikeen would no longer be allowed to perform the Hajj. Their perverted tradition of performing Tawaaf naked had come to an end.
Hajj is only for the Muslims
The Arab tribes had been watching over the year, seeing the struggle between the Quraish and the Muslims. They believed that whatever the outcome, Allah would always protect the
Ka’bah.
They had seen the army of Abraha destroyed years before and they had witnessed the Prophet’s victory. The Year of
They became convinced that Islam was the Delegations Truth. They started sending delegations to the Prophet (saas). Between 70 and 100 delegations came to meet the Prophet (saas), some to ransom captives, some to pay Jizyah but many others came to embrace Islam and take the Message back to their people.
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By the year 10 AH, Islam had spread over the whole of the Arabian Peninsula. The Prophet (saas) announced that he would perform Hajj. On Saturday 26th Dhul- Qa’dah, he left Madinah with a huge
number of followers.
The Prophet (saas) began the talbiyah and when he reached Makkah he entered the
Masjid and made Tawaaf around the Ka’bah and then he performed the Sa’i of Safa and Marwa.
On the 8th day of Dhul Hijjah he travelled to Mina and spent the day there before travelling towards Arafat.
It was on Arafat that he (saas) gave his beautiful naseeha to the Muslims:
* The Muslims are brothers and they have rights over each other
* To abolish killing for revenge
* To abolish usury (interest)
* To take care of women and treat them well
* To stick to the Qur’an and Sunnah
Then the Prophet (saas) raised his finger to
the sky and pointed to the people saying: O Allah be witness! (That I have conveyed Your Message).
When he had finished speaking to the people, the Prophet (saas) received the ayah from Allah:
“This day I have perfected your religion for
you and completed My Favour upon you, and I have chosen Islam as your religion (Qur’an 5:3)
The Prophet (saas) completed his Hajj and sacrificed 100 camels.
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On the last Monday in the month of Safar the Prophet (saas) complained to his wife, A’isha (ra) that he had a terrible headache. Gradually his symptoms began to worsen and he became weak. Even though he was ill he would be fair with his time and visit each wife in turn. But his wives knew that he would like to spend his last days with A’isha so he was moved to her apartment.
During the time he spent at A’isha’s house his illness became worse. He would pour water on his head to try to ease the pain. He knew that he would die soon so he started to settle his debts. He then called the people and admonished them telling them not to turn his grave into a place of worship as the people of the past had done.
Despite how weak and ill he was, the Prophet (saas) would continue to lead the people for salaat in the Masjid. One Thursday he was unable to stand without passing out so he instructed Abu Bakr (ra) to lead the prayer.
On the Sunday he freed all of his slaves and gave away his last 7 dinar in charity. On the Monday, the Prophet (saas) was so weak he couldn’t move. He lay against A’isha as she softened a miswak for him to clean his teeth. He had a bowl of water next to him which he would use to wipe his face and say: “La ilaha il Allah, truly these are the pangs of death.”
Then he pointed towards the heavens and said three times: “With the blessed from among the prophets, the truthful ones, the martyrs and the righteous. O Allah, forgive me and have mercy upon me. I choose to be with the exalted companions. O Allah, the exalted companions!
This was the death of the Messenger of Allah (saas)
At first the Muslims refused to accept he had died. They just could not believe it until the closest companion of the Prophet (saas), his dear friend, Abu Bakr (ra) made the people see sense by saying: “O People! If anyone of you worships Muhammad, then know that Muhammad is dead. But if anyone of you worships Allah, then know that Allah is Alive and will never die.”
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