DOCSLIB.ORG

History of Islam 118

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
History of Islam 118 ISLAMThe History of Volume One A . By: Akbar Shah Najeebabadi. ^ [ Revised by Safi-ur-Rahman MubarakpiKfi The History of Islam (Volume One) : ALL RIGHTS RESERVED <B pU ^ No put of this book may be reproduced or utilized In any form or by auy means, electronic or mechanicil, Including photocopying and recording or by any Information storage and retrieval system, without the permission of the publisher. First Edition: April 2000 Supervised by ABDUL MALIK MUJAHID • Houston, USA Tsl: MI-713-722 0419 Quarter: Corporate Hoad Fax: Ml -713-722 0431 P OL Box: 22743, Riyadh 11416 KSA • 572, Atlantic avs. Brooklyn, Newyorfc 11217 Tefc4033962/4043432 Tal: MI-711-623 5625 Fac 4021690 Showroom 4614483 a Ai-Hidwyah PubHehtng & Distribution 522 Coventry Road Birmingham B10 OUH Tal: 0044-121-753 1M0 Fax: 121-753 2422 • Muslim Converts Association o( Singapore Branch#* A Agent*: Slngapors 424484, Tal: 440 6924, 348 8344 Fax: 440 6724 • Jeddah Tel: 6712200 Fax: 617344* a Darul KKab 6, Ntmal Road,Colombo 4, • At-KhoherTel: 8048106 M Lanka Tsfc0004.lM»OMFtt:0004-14»7S7 • Pakistani SO Lower Matt Lahore a Bsnoiadasti: M MaMote, Bangshai, Ohak>-1104 Tot: 0002-42-724 002*a* 7354072 Tsl : 1997214, Fsx : SWSTSI The History of Islam (Volume One) By Akbar Shah Najeebabadi Revised by Safi-ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri Edited by Abdul Rahman Abdullah Formerly Raymond J. Manderola Fordham University, USA and Muhammad Tahir Salafi Darussalam Int’l Publishers & Distributors Riyadh, Houston, New York, Lahore, Dhaka Most In The Name of Allah, The Beneficent, The Most Merciful Publishers Note We are presenting before you the History of Islam in three volumes. This book was originally written in the Urdu language in 1922 (1343 AH) by Akbar Shah Khan Najeebabadi. This was the time about 25 years before the partition of Indian Subcontinent into Pakistan and India. For the purpose of brevity, the compiler has presented the authentic events in concise form from the famous histories of Islam written in the Arabic and Persian languages by the great Muslim historians like Tabari, Ibn Athir, Mas'udi, Abul-Fida', Ibn Khaldun and Suyuti, apart from getting benefited from the authentic books of Ahadith for the compilation of the part about the biography of the Prophet Muhammad & So, this compilation is actually the extract of the works of the famous Muslim historians. Although Islam, the religion of AllSh, has been sent from the beginning with Adam the father of man, but it is recognized as the religion which our Prophet Muhammad % brought to the mankind. So, this compilation has the mention of our Prophet M in the start. After that, useful information has been added about history, its beginning and its benefits, and some mention of the best possible ruling system for mankind has been presented which Islam advocates. Then the book takes its course of history from the conditions — The History of Islam 6 moves forward to the Prophet's prevalent in Arabia before Islam, and Caliphate and then to the other life history, the Rightly-Guided caliphates and kingdoms after it. the true Islamic events This book was the need of the time to present because other boo s and their actual causes before the English readers been written by such in English found on the Islamic history have the true authors and compilers who did no justice in presenting from doing picture of Islamic Era but their prejudice prevented them so. help in We hope that the readers will find this compilation of great the study of Islamic history. The famous scholar Safi-ur-Rahman Mubarakpuri has revised the Urdu edition before its translation to check the authenticity aspect. The translation was done by the Translation Department of Darussalam, and every care has been taken to reproduce the events and the names of the persons and places as accurately as possible. We thank all the persons who have cooperated with us to complete this task and produce it before you into a presentable form. May Allah accept our humble efforts in this regard and send His peace and blessings on our Prophet Muhammad, his Companions and his followers. Antin! Abdul Malik Mujahid General Manager Darussalam Table of Contents Publishers Note 5 Foreword ; 20 There is no God except Allah 20 Muhammad U is the Messenger of Allah 21 Magnificent Deeds of the Muslims 24 The Nature and Facts about Islamic History 27 Introduction 29 History 29 Need of History 30 Benefits of History 30 Preservation of Martial Characters through History 31 History and Family Virtues 31 Historian 32 Readers of History 33 Sources of History /“ 34 Types of History 4 34 Historical Ages 35 Islamic History 36 History of Histories 36 Beginning of History 3/ 1 8 The History of Islam Real Beginning of History 37 History of Sultanate 38 Personality and Democracy 40 Democratic Rule 42 Autocratic Hereditary Rule 44 Autocratic Democratic Rule 46 Our Starting Point ; 48 Relation between History and Geography ....49 Chapter - The Country of Arabia 51 Situation and Physical Features 52 Climate and Inhabitants 53 Andent Peoples of Arabia 53 Arab BS'idah 54 Arab ‘Aribah 55 Arab Musta'ribah ....57 Adnan Tribes 61 How Abdul-Muttalib was named 62 Family of Abd Manaf 63 Moral Condition of Arabia * 63 Assertions of Dignity 65 Months of Peace 67 Faith and Religion 67 Idolatry 68 Sacrifice 69 Star-Worshipping 69 Soothsaying Omens Fighting 70 Illicit Sex 71 Poetry 72 Passion for Hunting .. 72 Food and Clothes 73 Plunder 73 Conceit 74 Unending Malice 74 Mourning the Dead .....74 9 Table of Contents Superstition and Credulity... .75 .76 Killing of Daughters Gambling .77 Other Countries .77 Arabian Ignorance and .78 Persia (Iran) .79 Greece and Rome Depravity of the Christians .81 .81 Egypt .82 India .83 China .83 Conclusion ,85 The Choice of Arabia Chapter - 2 Prophet Muhammad Ik 87 The Dawn of Guidance 87 The Sacrifice of Abdullah bin Abdul-Muttalib .... 89 The Father of Muhammad 91 The Birth of the Prophet M 93 Childhood Days 94 Death of Abdul-Muttalib ....95 Support of Abu Talib ....95 First Journey to Syria ....96 Harb Al-Fijar, First Participation in Battle ....96 Trade ....97 Offer of Khadijah & ....98 Second Journey to Syria ....98 Marriage ....99 Titles of Sddicj & Al-Amin (Truthful & the Trusty) ...99 Renewal of Hilf-ul-Fudul ...99 Appointed as Arbitrator by the Quraish .101 Support for the Poor .102 His Love for Zaid bin Harithah .103 Inclined to AMh .104 Sunrise .104 Historic Words of Khadijah & 105 Preaching of Islam 106 Proclamation of Truth from Mount of Safa 107 0 10 77# History of Islam Open endeavor to preach 108 First Educational Institution 109 Antagonism of the Quraish 109 Insulting Behavior to the Prophet % 1 1 An Offer of all earthly Desires and a Plain Reply .. Ill Deputation of the Quraish to Abu Talib 112 Migration to Abyssinia 113 Quraish's demand from the King of Abyssinia 1 15 The Beautiful Speech of Ja'far bin Abu Talib 1 15 Ham2ah accepts Islam 116 Umar bin Khattab's conversion to Islam 117 Social Boycott 120 The Year of Sorrow (The Tenth Year of Prophethood) 122 The Journey to Ta'if 124 Obstinate Behavior of the People of Ta'if 124 Back to Makkah 125 Marriage with 'Aishah tfc , and Mi'rdj 127 Preaching Islam in Different Places and Tribes 127 Suwaid bin Samit ,, 128 Iyas bin Mu'Sdh 128 Dimad Azdi 129 Tufail bin Amr Dausi 129 Abu Dhar Ghifari <£> 130 Six Fortunate Souls of Yathrib 131 First Pledge of Aqabah Success of Mus'ab bin Umair <$> in Al-Madinah 133 Second Pledge of Aqabah General Permission to migrate to Al-Madinah 137 Holding Counsel by the Quraish in Dar An-Nadwah 138 Making Preparations for the Journey 139 The Sun and the Moon in the Cave of Mount Thaur 141 Migration 143 End of the Journey Entry into Al-Madinah Calendar Year 149 First Year of Migration First Political Document 152 ' 11 153 Beginning of Hypocrisy Migration 154 The Second Year of .156 The Battle of .157 Lack of Means Beginning of War .159 .163 General Treatment of the Prisoners. The Issue of the Captives .163 .164 Revengeful Enthusiasm of the Makkan Infidels .166 The Third Year of Migration .166 Hostile Attitude of the Jews .168 The Jewish Tribe - Banu QainuqS' .169 The Battle of Uhud, 3 AH .171 Mischief of the Hypocrites .173 The Battle starts .174 Martyrdom of Hamzah bin Abdul-Muttalib A Reversal ,174 ,175 Moths at the Lamp of Prophethood ,176 Stability of the Prophet M ,177 A View of the Battleground ,180 The Fourth Year of Migration ,180 A Breach of Promise and Mischief-making < ,182 A Soul-shattering Incident ,183 Faithfulness to the Promise * Mischief of the Jews ,183 Banishment of Banu Nadir ,184 ,184 The Expedition of Dhat-ur-Riqa ,184 Expedition to Sawiq ,186 The Fifth Year of Migration ,187 Expedition to Banu Al-Mustaliq ,188 Mischief of the Hypocrites ,189 Release of the Captives .,189 Reproving the Jews Ghazzvah Khandaq .,190 ,.195 Banu Quraizahs Breach of Trust ,.197 Incidents during 5 AH ,.198 The Sixth Year of Migration : .,199 Preaching of Islam . 1 12 The History of Islam A Criminal Event 199 The Truce of Hudaibiyah 199 Position of Hudaibiyah 200 The Pledge of Ridwin 202 Deep Love of the Companions for the Messenger 203 Conditions 204 Reaction to the Peace Treaty 204 Unique Victory 205 Consequences of the Truce of Hudaibiyah 205 Return of the Muslims from Abyssinia ....207 The Seventh Year of Migration 207 Conquest of Khaibar 207 After the Conquest of Khaibar 209 Invitation Letters to Islam 21 Arrival In Makkah 212 Amr bin Al-As accepts Islam 213 The Eighth Year of Migration 214 The Expedition to Mu'tah 214 Khalid *&> - Saifulldh ; 216 The Expedition to Qud&'ah ( Dhdt-us-Salasil ) 217 Conquest of Makkah 218 Abu Sufyein in Al-Madinah 220 March to Makkah 221 Abu Sufyan «$» honored 222 Historic Address of the Prophet % 223 The Truth came and Falsehood vanquished 223 Battle of Hunain __ j.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • How Islamic Is Indonesia Constitution?
    Implementing Islamic Constitutionalism: How Islamic Is Indonesia Constitution? Muhammad Siddiq Armia Abstract: Implementing Islamic Constitutionalism: How Islamic Is Indonesia Constitution?. Religious constitutionalism has recently become a global discussion. Such a trend arises as a result of several countries that have a majority of religious adherents declare their constitution based on certain religions. Thailand, for example, provides special norms about Buddhism (Buddhist constitutionalism), the Vatican has special norms about Catholicism (Catholic constitutionalism), India has special norms about Hinduism (Hindu constitutionalism), Saudi Arabia has norms specifically about Islam (Islamic constitutionalism), and so on. This article analyzes whether or not the Islamic principles have been adopted in the Indonesian Constitution. These principles consist of protecting religion, soul, mind, offsprings, and property. The author uses the five principles as a standard in measuring the entire Indonesian Constitution which constitutes to the teachings of Islam (Islamic constitutionalism). The implementation of Islamic constitutionalism can be identified through articles in the constitution. This study concluded that, in general, the Indonesian constitution could be considered to have agreed to Islamic constitutionalism, although in some cases it still needs to be actualized more. Keywords: Islamic constitutionalism, Indonesian’s constitution, comparative constitutional Abstrak: Mengimplementasikan Konstitusionalisme Islam: Seberapa Islamkah
    [Show full text]
  • Unity of the Path of Truth
    1 UNITY OF THE PATH OF TRUTH A Friday Sermon by Dr Mahmud Abul-Huda Al Husaini Al 'Adiliyya Mosque, Aleppo, 31\8\2007 At a time, similar to this time, in the honored Sha'ban in the year nine after the migration of the Prophet (PBUH), a significant Divine lesson was produced when a great incident took place. It was the last expedition that the Messenger of Allah (PBUH) attended when he set out for Tabuk. The Messenger of Allah went out in Rajab and came back to Medina in Ramadan. He spent the whole month of Sha'ban in Tabuk. The lesson of Tabuk should be an unforgettable lesson. When we devote a certain time to understand the lessons of the Nocturnal Journey and Ascension of the Prophet (PBUH), the lesson of Badr and the lesson of the opening of Mecca, we had better exert a great attention to the connotations of the lesson of Tabuk as it summarizes most of the above mentioned lessons. The expedition of Tabuk took place a little before the Beloved, Al Mustafa (PBUH) passed away to the High Companion. It was the last great assembly the Prophet (PBUH) attended when he went out spreading truth and guidance. It was not only one of the lessons of the Enlightened Medina; it was also a setting out and movement where about thirty thousand fighters gathered. The Holy Qur'an refers to this incident in many verses. Let us have a little stance on this lesson to explore its occasion and its circumstances that most Muslims are unaware of.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Model of the Prophet Muhammad and His Rightly Guided Caliphs: an Overview
    International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS) |Volume V, Issue II, February 2021|ISSN 2454-6186 The Political Model of the Prophet Muhammad and His Rightly Guided Caliphs: An Overview Bashir Malam, PhD Department of Political Science Gombe State University Abstract: Never before was exemplary leadership demonstrated was a society in which the strong exploit the weak, in such a as was the period of the prophet Muhammad. In him was seen a society the women, children, orphans and slaves had no rights social leader, a noble character with an outstanding sense of and have little protection. Plurality of wives and husbands was morality and extraordinary self-sacrifice. He was an exemplary the order of the day. Adultery was common among the pre- spiritual and state leader who was adjudged the best role model Islamic Arabs; it even becomes something of pride. Step-sons in ethical leadership. The Medinan State was described as the best, just, and civilized society. The legacies of the Medinan state, could marry their step mothers and even the brothers would ever remain a role model for generations yet unborn. sometimes married their own sisters, men and women could These paper using mainly secondary sources of data, and content have full liberty with their opposite. Human beings were analysis in its assessment. Examines the Islamic model of the sacrificed to appease gods. Fathers sometimes killed their prophet Muhammad (SAW), which was widely known as the female children for fear of poverty. Women position in that “Medinan State” his life and leadership was exemplary worthy of society was so degrading; to give birth to a female child was emulation, likewise the event that took place during and after his something of disgrace and shame, they were mostly buried departure are full of lessons that has become a reference point alive to escape that shame women have no any share of that guides our lives today and will continue to do so till the end.
    [Show full text]
  • Jews in the Qurʾān: an Evaluation of the Naming and the Content
    JEWS IN THE QURʾĀN: AN EVALUATION OF THE NAMING AND THE CONTENT Salime Leyla Gürkan İstanbul 29 Mayıs University, Istanbul-Turkey E-mail: [email protected] Abstract No other people are mentioned in the Qurʾān as often as the people of Israel. They appear in sixteen sūrahs and approximately forty verses by name (banū Isrāʾīl). The Qurʾān also makes reference to the Jews either by name (al-yahūd/hūd) or within the context of the people of the book (ahl al-kitāb). This paper aims to discuss the Qurʾānic verses about the Jews and the people of Israel in terms of the naming and the content. Key questions to be addressed are: What is the purpose of the frequent mention of the people of Israel in the Qurʾān? What is the context and the content of the verses about the Jews and the people of Israel both in Meccan and Medinan sūrahs? What message or messages are intended to or can be conveyed by these verses? Key Words: Qurʾān, Jews (yahūd/hūd), the people of Israel (banū Isrāʾīl), the people of the book (ahl al-kitāb), the Prophet Muḥammad, Muslims, Islām. Ilahiyat Studies Copyright © Bursa İlahiyat Foundation Volume 7 Number 2 Summer / Fall 2016 p-ISSN: 1309-1786 / e-ISSN: 1309-1719 DOI: 10.12730/13091719.2016.72.148 164 Salime Leyla Gürkan Introduction The word “religion (dīn)” is used in the Qurʾān as a term that includes all religion(s).1 Nevertheless, the Qurʾān does not mention religions or religious systems individually or by name (in fact, there is no Qurʾānic usage of a plural form of the word dīn, i.e., adyān).
    [Show full text]
  • Battles by the Prophet (Saws)
    INDSET MONOGRAPH SERIES ON ISLAM AND QUR'AN No. 13 BATTLES BY THE PROPHET (SAWS) Sayyid Ameenul Hasan Rizvi Indian School of Excellence Trust (INDSET) Hyderabad - INDIA iii BATTLES BY THE PROPHET (SAWS) CONTENTS Page Foreword : Chairman - vii MEDNET Introduction ....................................................... 1 CHAPTER 1 – THE BATTLE OF BADR 15-39 Background ......................................................... 16 The Genesis ......................................................... 21 Orientalists’ Bias ............................................... 23 Prophet’s (SAWS) Reluctance ............................ 28 The Encounter .................................................... 30 Highlights ........................................................... 31 Three Incidents .................................................. 34 Quran’s Word Comes True .............................. 36 CHAPTER 2 – THE BATTLE OF UHUD 40-60 Role of Munafiqeen (Hypocrites) ...................... 42 Brilliant General ................................................ 44 Tables Turn ....................................................... 49 Conduct of Muslims .......................................... 52 iv The Archers ....................................................... 56 Lapses Forgiven .................................................. 59 CHAPTER 3 – THE BATTLE OF TRENCH 61-75 Exemplary Leadership ...................................... 64 Treachery ............................................................ 67 Counter–Move ..................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Title of Al-Siddiq Abu Bakr's Love for the Prophet
    365 DAYS WITH THE SAHABAH 365 DAYS WITH THE SAHABAH 365 DAYS WITH THE SAHABAH Day 4 The Title of al-Siddiq he Quraysh were clearly not happy with what the Prophet Muhammad ∂ T was preaching and tried their best to stop him from doing this. They tried to harm him on many occasions. But the Prophet continued and bore the brunt of the Quraysh’s wrath silently and patiently. Meanwhile, the Prophet’s uncle, Abu Talib, who had supported him all along and his wife, Khadijah bint Khuwaylid, died, which left the Prophet alone. Soon after, one night in 620 C.E. the Prophet was taken to the Heavens (al- Mi‘raj). People ridiculed him when they heard that he had gone to al-Masjid al-Aqsa in Jerusalem and from there to the Heavens. A number of people, some of them Muslims, came to Abu Bakr and expressed doubts about the possibility of this journey. Abu Bakr silenced them with his eloquent reasoning and told them that he would believe anything the Prophet said. He said: “I have never heard Muhammad tell a lie. I believe in everything he says.” Thus, Abu Bakr earned the title of ‘al-Siddiq’, which means a very strong and honest friend. Day 5 Abu Bakr’s Love for the Prophet ne day, Abu Bakr publicly made a call to the people gathered to Kabah to O accept Islam. The people, however, did not like this and beat Abu Bakr mercilessly. Utbah bin Rabiah took the lead and wounded Abu Bakr’s face very badly.
    [Show full text]
  • The Amīr/National President Jamā'at Ahmadiyya
    The Amīr/National President Jamā‘at Ahmadiyya, ………………….. Dear Brother, Extracts from the Friday Sermon delivered by Hadrat Khalīfa-tul-Masīh V (May Allāh be his Helper) on 15 February 2019 at Baitul Futūh Mosque, London. Our Imām, Hadrat Khalīfa-tul-Masīh V (May Allāh be his Helper) continuing with the accounts of the Companions of the Holy Prophet (May Allāh's Blessings be upon him) who participated in the Battle of Badr said: today first of them about whom I will speak is; Hadrat Khalid bin Qais (May Allāh be pleased with him): He belonged to Banu Bayazah branch of Khazraj tribe. His father’s name was Qais bin Mālik and his mother was Salmah bint Harithah. His wife’s name was Umm-e-Rabi’ī and they had a son by the name of Abdur Rahman. According to Ibn-e-Ishaq, he participated in the Second Bai'at Aqabah along with 70 Ansār. He participated in the Battles of Badr and Uhud. Hadrat Harith bin Khazamah Ansāri (May Allāh be pleased with him): His title was Abu Bishr. He belonged to the Khazraj tribe of Ansār who were confederates of Banu ’Abd Al-Ashhal. He accompanied the Holy Prophet (May Allāh's Blessings be upon him) in all the Battles, including Badr, Uhud and Khandaq. It is reported that during the Battle of Tabuk the Holy Prophet’s (May Allāh's Blessings be upon him) camel went missing, upon which the hypocrites started objecting, “How can he have knowledge of the Heavens when he does not even know where his camel is?” When the Holy Prophet (May Allāh's Blessings be upon him) heard this, he said, “I only know that which God reveals to me.” He then said that God had informed him that his camel was in a certain valley.
    [Show full text]
  • In the Name of Allah, the Most Merciful, the Bestower of Mercy The
    From the Battles of Islam Mercy to Mankind Worksheet Series© In the Name of Allah, The Most Merciful, The Bestower of Mercy The Battles that took place establishing the Islamic state – In Brief Badr – After the Prophet (salla allahu alaihi wa salaam) Migrated to Medina from Mecca the Quraish tribe leaders, and other enemies of Islam became extremely hostile. They threatened the people of Medina with destruction if they did not kill him (salla allahu alaihi wa salaam). The tribes of Quraish had a caravan of goods coming from Syria, and they were told the Muslims were about to overtake it and although they were told (that the caravan was safe), they were overwhelmed in rage from their hatred. Thus they formed an Army of about 1,000 men and marched towards Medina. During the Month of Ramadan, in the 2nd year of Hijrah the battle of Badr commenced with 313 willing and fighting Muslim men. May Allah have mercy upon all of them ameen. Muslims won this Battle, Alhamdulillah Uhud – Abu Sufyaan was now the chief of Quraish, and he was certainly thirsty for blood after having lost the Battle of Badr. All of Arabia wanted revenge. Shortly after the first battle, within a year the battle of Uhud ensued. They marched on Medina with 3, 000 men against 700 Muslim soldiers. The Prophet (salla allahu alaihi wa salaam) instructed 50 archers to stand upon the mountain and to not give up their position no matter what. A fierce battle erupted and the Muslims stood their ground. However, when the Muslims won the first portion of this battle, and commenced to counting the spoils (the booty) the archers left their positions, thinking that they would miss out on the booty.
    [Show full text]
  • Dangers and Treatment of Hypocrites' Rumors Thematic Analytical Study
    IUGJEPS ISSN 2410-5201 مجلة الجامعة للدراسات اﻹسﻻمية )عقيدة – تفسير – حديث( Vol 92, No 1, 9291, pp 763 -787 Received on (12-01-2020) Accepted on (01-03-2020) Main Researcher Zakaria ZenEldeen Dangers and Treatment of 1 University Name & City: The Islamic University of Hypocrites' Rumors Gaza Thematic Analytical Study * Corresponding author: E -mail address: [email protected] https://doi.org/10.33976/IUGJIS.29.1/2021/17 Dangers and Treatment of Hypocrites' Rumors Thematic Analytical Study Abstract : The research sheds light on the role of hypocrites in spreading rumors in the Prophet's society. It reveals the dangers of such rumors through analyzing the Hadith narrated by Omar regarding the rumor of the Prophet, peace be upon him, divorcing his wives and the Hadith narrated by Aisha regarding the falsehood incident, where some reliable and honorable Companions (Sahaba) fell prey to the rumors spread by hypocrites. These rumors aimed at weakening the leadership. They spread so quickly appearing as an absolute truth, resulting in serious harm –including illness, insomnia and crying- to the accused. Analyzing the two Hadiths shows how to face and address rumors. Rumors can be overcome through preventing one's tongue from spreading the rumors, asking and referring to specialized people, being patient when one is falsely accused, relying on Allah until the truth is revealed and innocence is proven and forgiveness to erase any traces of these rumors. Keywords: Rumor, Hypocrites, Dangers, Treatment, Thematic, Analytical. أخطار إشاعة المنافقين
    [Show full text]
  • Juagter of ^I)Ilos(Opi)P in Sunni Theology
    DEMOGRAPHIC STUDY OF MUSLIM CONVERTS IN AND AROUND MAKKAH DURING 610-622 A. D. DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF jUagter of ^I)ilos(opI)p IN Sunni Theology BY ISRAR AHMAD KHAN Under the supervision of Dr. Iqbal Hasan Khan READER DEPARTMENT OF SUNNI THEOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH (INDIA) 1989 DS1400 A^O(i^-^^c>^\ CONTENTS S.NO« PAGE NO. i . INTRODUCTION 3 ii . CHAPTER I MUSLIM POPULATION IN MAKIO\H 10 iii . CHAPTER II MUSLIM POPULATION IN BEDOUINE' TRIBES 46 iv . CHAPTER III MUSLIM POPULATION IN MEDINAH 54 V . CHAPTER IV MUSLIM POPULATION IN CHRISTIAN SOCIETY 66 vi . CONCLUSION 7 2 vii . NOTES AND REFERENCES 76 viii • BIBLIOGRAPHY 87 <JA .<:ii. '.!<»^, ^ -'V IN THE NAME OF ALLAH, THE BENEFICENT, THE MERCIFUL. INTRODUCTION All praise be to Allah, the Almighty, the Lord of the universe, and peace and blessings of Allah be upon * Muhammad the Prophet, the benefactor of the whole humanity. The Prophet Muhammad (S.A.V7.) announced his prophethood after he was chosen by Allah as His last messenger in 610 A.D. in Makkah, From the very moment he was conferred the Prophethood, he devoted his whole energy, time and wealth in convassing the truth to the mankind. As a result of his efforts a number of Arabs and Non-Arabs entered the fold of newly- announced croed, Islam, And , on the other hand the majority of Makkan population stood in defiance to the call of the Prophet, Leaders of Quraish left no means unused in opposing rather eradicating the voice of the true religion propagated by the Prophet, Despite the harsh xeslst^racfi of the Arabs the Islamic circle u did not cease to expand , Noble souls contined to accept the truth.
    [Show full text]
  • Battles of Islam
    Must Share with Friends IER MTE 2011-13 Battles of Islam • First Ghazwa is Widdan or Abwa in 1 A.H • 624 Battle of Badr. 2hij • 625 Battle of Uhad. 3hij • 626 Battle of Rajih. 4hij • 627 Battle of Khandaq (Ahzab). 5hij • 628, Treaty of Hudaibiya, Hazrat Khalid bin Walid Accepted Islam, 6hij • 629, Battle of Mutah, Preaching of Islam to various kings. 7hij • 630, Battle of Hunain, Conquest of Makkah. 8hij • 631, Battle of Tabuk. 9hij • 632, Hajjat-ul-Wida. 10hij • 680, Tragedy of Karballah. 61hij • Badr is a village. • Battle of Bard was fought on 17th Ramzan. • Battle of Uhd was fought on 5th Shawal. • Battle Badar Ghazwa is named as Furqan. • Uhd is a hill. • Yom-ul Furaqn is called to Yom ul Badar. • Fath Mobeen is called to Sulah Hudaibiah. • Number of soldiers in Badar, Muslim 313 Kufar 1000 • After Badr conquest, Prophet stayed for 3 days there. • Badr was fought for 3 times. • Martyr of Badr Muslims 14 Kufar 70 • Leader of the Kufar in this battle was Abu Jahl. • Number of Muslim martyrs in the battle of Uhad 70 • In Uhad quraish were laid by Abu Sufwan. • In Uhad number of Muslim soldiers 1000 kufar 3000. • Ahzab means Allies. Visit here for more Education: http://jobsforworld.blogspot.com/p/education.html Must Share with Friends IER MTE 2011-13 • Ditch dug on border of Syria with help of 3000 companions in 2 weeks. • Muslim strength 1600. • Khyber was captured in 20 days. • During Ghazwa Bani Nuzair wine was prohibited. • The battle of Khandaq is also known an battle of Ahzab.
    [Show full text]
  • Apprehending the Political Thought of Ibn Taymiyah Mehraj Ud Din
    Apprehending the Political Thought of Ibn Taymiyah Mehraj ud din Abstract The pervasive worldview of Islam has not left any aspect of human society untouched and the polity is no exception to it. History bears witness that Islamic tradition has produced a number of axiomatic figures, who dealt with every aspect of human thought. The name Ibn Taymiyah is not unknown to those interested in Islam and Muslims, be they academicians, activists, thinkers, or others. Yet too often, little beyond the name and an obscure preconception of this man is known to people. So who was Ibn Taymiyah about whom such controversy persists eight centuries after his death? The twentieth century political discourse has repudiated the edifice of Islamic polity and presented, Ibn Taymiyah as the father of radical fundamentalism. The present paper will give the brief sketch of genesis of Islamic polity with special reference to the political thought of Ibn Taymiyah. It will also highlight his distinctive contribution in the discourse of Islamic political thought. Introduction The worldview of Islam is replete with a vibrant and dynamic organizational structure underlying a coherent socio-politico-economic system which places Islam at a higher pedestal in the emblem of ideologies. The contemporary contoured post-renaissance intellectual discourse reveals this fact that there is a dynamic paradigm shift from pre-modern metaphysical explanation of world to modern humanist interpretation of life which has altogether traversed the meaning of things from their own contextual episteme. Mehraj ud din is a doctoral candidate at Shah-i-Hamadan Institute of Islamic Studies, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India.
    [Show full text]