sign in sign up
<<
Home , Chancroid

DuPage County Health Departmen t CD REVIE W Volume 5, No. 6 June 2009

The purpose of this two-page surveillance update is to promote the control and prevention of communicable disease (CD) by DUPAGE COUNTY providing clinically relevant information and resources to healthcare professionals in DuPage County. HEALTH DEPARTMENT

111 North County Farm Road For questions or to report suspect and Wheaton, IL 60187 Under the Microscope known cases of , please call (630) 682-7400 the DuPage County Health Department at www.dupagehealth.org Salmonellosis 630-682-7979, ext. 7553. Linda Kurzawa Foodborne illnesses are a substantial health burden in the U.S., and the most commonly reported enteric pathogens include Salmonella, President, Board of Health Shiga toxin--producing O157 (STEC O157), Shigella, Campylobacter, Listeria, Cryptosporidium, Vibrio, and Yersinia.1 Among the communicable diseases caused by these pathogens, Salmonella is the most frequently reported. Maureen McHugh Executive Director Approximately 40,000 cases of Salmonella are reported annually in the U.S. Many milder cases are not diagnosed (by stool culture) or reported to the local health department; the actual number of is an estimated 1.4 million cases of Rashmi Chugh, MD, MPH infection.2, 3 In Illinois, about 1,500 to 2,500 cases of this foodborne illness are reported each year, with DuPage County averag- Medical Officer ing approximately 113 cases annually in recent years.4 Salmonellosis is more common in the summer than winter. The most common serotypes in the U.S. remain Salmonella Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, and S. Newport. Transmission of Salmonella to humans usually occurs by eating foods contaminated with animal feces. Contaminated foods Contact Information are often of animal origin, such as beef, poultry, milk, or eggs, but any food, including vegetables, may become contaminated. Many raw foods of animal origin are frequently contaminated, but fortunately, thorough cooking (to at least 165º F) kills Salmonella. Communicable Disease Food may also become contami- (630) 682-7979, ext. 7553 nated by the unwashed hands of an infected food handler, who did Reported Cases of Salmonellosis by Month of Illness Onset Environmental Health not wash his or her hands with soap in DuPage County, 2004 - 2008 (n=565) (630) 682-7979, ext. 7046 2 after using the bathroom. 90 Immunizations Salmonella may also be found in the 85 (630) 682-7400 feces of some pets, especially those with diarrhea, and people can become 69 60 Sexually infected if they do not wash their 61 hands after contact with these feces. Transmitted Diseases 48 52 (630) 682-7979, ext. 7575 Reptiles are particularly likely to 41 43 harbor Salmonella and people should 36 30 32 33 34 31

HIV/AIDS always wash their hands immediately Number of Cases (630) 682-7979, ext. 7310 after handling a reptile, even if the reptile is healthy. Adults should also Tuberculosis be careful that children wash their 0 (630) 682-7979, ext. 7522 hands after handling a reptile.2 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Treatment for uncomplicated Reported Month of Disease Onset School Health salmonellosis usually includes (630) 682-7979, ext. 7300 replacement of fluids and electrolytes. Antibiotic therapy is not routinely recommended for uncomplicated cases, since it may not eliminate the carrier state, and may lead to resistant strains or more severe infections. However, antibiotic therapy Travel Clinic should be considered for infants, the debilitated, the chronically ill (e.g., persons with sickle cell disease or immunocom- (630) 682-7400 promised patients), the elderly, and/or patients with continued/high fever or manifestations of extra-intestinal infection.5 Animal Care & Control Tips for Prevention: (630) 407-2800 Cook poultry, ground beef, and eggs thoroughly (to at least 165º F) before eating. Do not eat or drink foods containing raw eggs (e.g., homemade caeser salad dressing, eggnog, hollandaise sauce, ice cream, or cookie dough), or raw unpasteurized milk. Wash hands, kitchen work surfaces, and utensils with soap and water immediately after they have been in contact with raw meat or poultry. Wash fresh produce before preparation or consumption. Please contact Wash hands with soap after handling reptiles or birds, or after contact with pet feces. Peggy Iverson, BS at Avoid direct or even indirect contact between reptiles (turtles, iguanas, other lizards, snakes) and children under 5 years (630) 682-7979, ext. 7534 or of age or immunocompromised persons.2 [email protected] References: to send suggestions 1. www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5514a2.htm 4. www.idph.state.il.us/public/hb/hbsam.htm or to be added to the 2. www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfbmd/disease_listing/salmonellosis_gi.html 5. Heymann D., Editor. Control of Communicable Diseases distribution list. 3. www.cdc.gov/nczved/dfbmd/disease_listing/salmonellosis_ti.html Manual. 19th ed. American Public Health Association; 2008

“We promote health, prevent illness, and provide quality service.” www.dupagehealth.org DUPAGE COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT CD REVIEW CASES1 OF REPORTABLE DISEASES* Volume 5, No. 6 June 2009 * Last updated by the Illinois Department of Public Health in March 2008 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 Median DuPage County healthcare Report Jan - Jan - Jan - Jan - Jan - Jan - ('05- providers and hospitals Vaccine Preventable Diseases Within May May May Total May Total May Total May Total May '08) must Chickenpox (varicella) 24 hrs 25 81 108 236 108 177 139 252 156 232 108 234 report any suspected or Diphtheria 24 hrs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 confirmed case of these influenzae, invasive 24 hrs 2 5 2 7 1 5 4 7 5 10 4 7 Hepatitis A 24 hrs 2 7 11 15 10 23 5 9 1 9 7 12 diseases to the local health 7 days 0 4 1 4 3 6 1 5 2 6 2 5.5 authorities within the number of Hepatitis B (carriers) 7 days 3 40 58 126 70 156 71 139 52 147 58 143 hours or days indicated. Influenza, deaths in < 18 yrs old 7 days 0 0 0 0 NR NR NR NR NR NR -- -- Measles (rubeola) 24 hrs 0 1 10 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mumps 24 hrs 1 1 1 2 10 13 14 129 0 0 1 7.5 REPORTING NUMBERS: , invasive 24 hrs 0 2 1 4 0 1 2 2 2 4 2 3 Pertussis () 24 hrs 0 5 1 13 7 9 14 26 12 29 7 19.5 Poliomyelitis 24 hrs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Communicable Diseases Rubella 24 hrs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (630) 682-7400, ext. 7553 pneumoniae, invasive 24 hours: (630) 682-7400 disease, in those < 5 yrs old 7 days 1 5 1 5 3 7 5 8 6 9 5 7.5 Tetanus 7 days 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Other Communicable Diseases Tuberculosis 2 7 days 0 0 0 0 NR NR NR NR NR NR -- -- (630) 682-7400, ext. 7522 Anthrax 3 hrs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Botulism, foodborne 3 hrs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Botulism, other 24 hrs 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 STDs 3 hrs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 (630) 682-7400, ext. 7575 California encephalitis 7 days 0 0 0 0 NR NR NR NR NR NR -- -- 24 hrs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease 7 days 0 0 0 0 NR NR NR NR NR NR -- -- HIV/AIDS: Cryptosporidiosis 7 days 1 3 0 2 1 4 0 9 0 3 0 3.5 (630) 682-7400, ext. 7310 Cyclosporiasis 7 days 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 Ehrlichiosis2 7 days 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0.5 1 Enteric E. coli infections4 24 hrs 2 5 5 22 4 10 1 11 9 17 5 14 Provisional cases, based on date of onset Giardiasis 7 days 1 14 17 54 35 62 13 43 24 47 17 50.5 2 Glomerulonephritis5 24 hrs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Listed in CD Rules and Regulations under Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome 24 hrs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 "Tickborne Disease" Hemolytic uremic syndrome 24 hrs 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hepatitis C (cases & carriers) 7 days 5 103 119 243 122 207 122 239 101 238 119 238.5 3 Listed in CD Rules and Regulations under Hepatitis D 7 days 0 0 0 0 NR NR NR NR NR NR -- -- "Arboviral Infections" Histoplasmosis 7 days 0 0 2 5 3 4 0 1 0 0 0 2.5 Influenza A, novel 3 hrs 49 89 0 0 NR NR NR NR NR NR -- -- 4 O157:H7, STEC, EIEC, ETEC, EPEC Legionellosis 7 days 1 3 1 4 2 9 4 8 3 4 3 6 7 days 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 5 Listed in CD Rules and Regulations under 7 days 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0.5 "Streptococcal infections, group A invasive 7 days 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 6 0 2 0 1.5 disease sequelae" Lyme disease2 7 days 0 0 1 17 1 16 0 10 2 12 1 14 Malaria 7 days 0 1 3 5 4 7 2 6 3 5 3 5.5 6 case in 2004 not related to any Ophthalmia neonatorum 7 days 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 suspected bioterrorism threat or event 3 hrs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Psittacosis 7 days 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 Two or more laboratory-confirmed cases of Q fever6 3 hrs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 community onset MRSA infection during a Rabies, human case 24 hrs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 day period Rabies, potential exposure 24 hrs 0 0 3 46 10 34 13 27 9 24 9 30.5 Reye syndrome 7 days 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 Includes streptococcal toxic shock Rheumatic fever5 24 hrs 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0.5 syndrome and Rocky Mountain spotted fever2 7 days 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 Salmonellosis 7 days 4 30 38 108 48 129 30 98 35 120 35 114 9 Due to Staphylococcus aureus Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 3 hrs 0 0 0 0 NR NR NR NR NR NR -- -- 7 days 0 5 10 28 4 17 7 26 10 35 7 27 10 Smallpox 3 hrs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 HIV/AIDS data are provided quarterly by Smallpox vaccination, complications 24 hrs 0 0 0 0 NR NR NR NR NR NR -- -- IDPH and are provisional, based on date of St. Louis encephalitis3 7 days 0 0 0 0 NR NR NR NR NR NR -- -- diagnosis Staphylococcus aureus , methicillin resistant (MRSA), in those NR = Not reported < 61 days old 24 hrs 1 3 0 3 NR NR NR NR NR NR -- -- Staphylococcus aureus , methicillin 7 resistant (MRSA), community cluster 24 hrs 0 0 2 4 NR NR NR NR NR NR -- -- Websites Staphylococcus aureus ( vancomycin-resistant) 24 hrs 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 Streptococcal infections, group A CDC: invasive disease8 24 hrs 2 7 7 12 8 11 15 17 3 10 7 11.5 www.cdc.gov Toxic shock syndrome9 7 days 0 2 3 5 0 1 0 1 1 3 1 2 Trichinosis 7 days 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 IDPH: Tuberculosis 7 days 2 13 13 43 13 28 19 44 10 33 13 38 3 hrs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 www.idph.state.il.us 24 hrs 1 3 1 3 0 7 1 2 1 2 1 2.5 24 hrs 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DuPage: Vibriosis (non-cholera) 7 days 0 0 0 0 NR NR NR NR NR NR -- -- www.dupagehealth.org West Nile disease 3 7 days 0 0 0 1 0 10 0 42 0 47 0 26 7 days 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 2 1 1 STDs, HIV and AIDS AIDS10 7 days -- -- 1 18 0 15 2 22 10 30 -- 20 Archived issues of CD Review are Chancroid 7 days 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 available at: 7 days 50 558 513 1547 498 1522 555 1346 534 1241 534 1434 7 days 5 75 92 220 75 224 77 183 87 205 77 212.5 10 www.dupagehealth.org/health_data/ HIV infection 7 days -- -- 10 30 3 19 5 22 6 38 -- 26 cd-review.html 7 days 0 12 9 13 4 18 5 24 1 17 5 17.5