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Conflicting Power Paradigms in Samoa's
Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. CONFLICTING POWER PARADIGMS IN SAMOA’S “TRADITIONAL DEMOCRACY” FROM TENSION TO A PROCESS OF HARMONISATION? A thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the Requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Political Science at Massey University, Albany, New Zealand Christina La’alaai-Tausa 2020 COPYRIGHT Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. 2 ABSTRACT This research argues that the tension evident between western democracy and Samoa’s traditional leadership of Fa’amatai has led to a power struggle due to the inability of the government to offer thorough civic education through dialectical exchange, proper consultation, discussion and information sharing with village council leaders and their members. It also argues that Fa’amatai are being disadvantaged as the government and the democratic system is able to manipulate cultural practices and protocols to suit their political needs, whereas village councils are not recognized or acknowledged by the democratic system (particularly the courts), despite cultural guidelines and village laws providing stability for communities and the country. In addition, it claims that, despite western academics’ arguments that Samoa’s traditional system is a barrier to a fully-fledged democracy, Samoa’s Fa’amatai in theory and practice in fact proves to be more democratic than the democratic status quo. -
Savai'i Volcano
A Visitor’s Field Guide to Savai’i – Touring Savai’i with a Geologist A Visitor's Field Guide to Savai’i Touring Savai'i with a Geologist Warren Jopling Page 1 A Visitor’s Field Guide to Savai’i – Touring Savai’i with a Geologist ABOUT THE AUTHOR AND THIS ARTICLE Tuapou Warren Jopling is an Australian geologist who retired to Savai'i to grow coffee after a career in oil exploration in Australia, Canada, Brazil and Indonesia. Travels through Central America, the Andes and Iceland followed by 17 years in Indonesia gave him a good understanding of volcanology, a boon to later educational tourism when explaining Savai'i to overseas visitors and student groups. His 2014 report on Samoa's Geological History was published in booklet form by the Samoa Tourism Authority as a Visitor's Guide - a guide summarising the main geological events that built the islands but with little coverage of individual natural attractions. This present article is an abridgement of the 2014 report and focuses on Savai'i. It is in three sections; an explanation of plate movement and hotspot activity for visitors unfamiliar with plate tectonics; a brief summary of Savai'i's geological history then an island tour with some geologic input when describing the main sites. It is for nature lovers who would appreciate some background to sightseeing. Page 1 A Visitor’s Field Guide to Savai’i – Touring Savai’i with a Geologist The Pacific Plate, The Samoan Hotspot, The Samoan Archipelago The Pacific Plate, the largest of the Earth's 16 major plates, is born along the East Pacific Rise. -
Samoa Socio-Economic Atlas 2011
SAMOA SOCIO-ECONOMIC ATLAS 2011 Copyright (c) Samoa Bureau of Statistics (SBS) 2011 CONTACTS Telephone: (685) 62000/21373 Samoa Socio Economic ATLAS 2011 Facsimile: (685) 24675 Email: [email protected] by Website: www.sbs.gov.ws Postal Address: Samoa Bureau of Statistics The Census-Surveys and Demography Division of Samoa Bureau of Statistics (SBS) PO BOX 1151 Apia Samoa National University of Samoa Library CIP entry Samoa socio economic ATLAS 2011 / by The Census-Surveys and Demography Division of Samoa Bureau of Statistics (SBS). -- Apia, Samoa : Samoa Bureau of Statistics, Government of Samoa, 2011. 76 p. : ill. ; 29 cm. Disclaimer: This publication is a product of the Division of Census-Surveys & Demography, ISBN 978 982 9003 66 9 Samoa Bureau of Statistics. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions 1. Census districts – Samoa – maps. 2. Election districts – Samoa – expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of any funding or census. 3. Election districts – Samoa – statistics. 4. Samoa – census. technical agencies involved in the census. The boundaries and other information I. Census-Surveys and Demography Division of SBS. shown on the maps are only imaginary census boundaries but do not imply any legal status of traditional village and district boundaries. Sam 912.9614 Sam DDC 22. Published by The Samoa Bureau of Statistics, Govt. of Samoa, Apia, Samoa, 2015. Overview Map SAMOA 1 Table of Contents Map 3.4: Tertiary level qualification (Post-secondary certificate, diploma, Overview Map ................................................................................................... 1 degree/higher) by district, 2011 ................................................................... 26 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 3 Map 3.5: Population 15 years and over with knowledge in traditional tattooing by district, 2011 ........................................................................... -
2016 CENSUS Brief No.1
P O BOX 1151 TELEPHONE: (685)62000/21373 LEVEL 1 & 2 FMFM II, Matagialalua FAX No: (685)24675 GOVERNMENT BUILDING Email: [email protected] APIA Website: www.sbs.gov.ws SAMOA 2016 CENSUS Brief No.1 Revised version Population Snapshot and Household Highlights 30th October 2017 1 | P a g e Foreword This publication is the first of a series of Census 2016 Brief reports to be published from the dataset version 1, of the Population and Housing Census, 2016. It provides a snapshot of the information collected from the Population Questionnaire and some highlights of the Housing Questionnaire. It also provides the final count of the population of Samoa in November 7th 2016 by statistical regions, political districts and villages. Over the past censuses, the Samoa Bureau of Statistics has compiled a standard analytical report that users and mainly students find it complex and too technical for their purposes. We have changed our approach in the 2016 census by compiling smaller reports (Census Brief reports) to be released on a quarterly basis with emphasis on different areas of Samoa’s development as well as demands from users. In doing that, we look forward to working more collaboratively with our stakeholders and technical partners in compiling relevant, focused and more user friendly statistical brief reports for planning, policy-making and program interventions. At the same time, the Bureau is giving the public the opportunity to select their own data of interest from the census database for printing rather than the Bureau printing numerous tabulations which mostly remain unused. -
Samoa, 2017/2018
DENGUE SEROTYPE 2 OUTBREAK IN SAMOA, 2017/2018. Ministry of Health SITREP nO.9 18th March 2018 Outbreak overview. The situational analysis of the dengue fever outbreak in Samoa as shown in the graph below portrays a continual decrease in the number of cases over the past 10 weeks. The cumulative total as of March 18th is 3,255 with a national attack rate of 16.6 per 1,000 population. Dengue fever continues to spread geographically mostly in the Apia Urban and North West Upolu regions. Majority of those af- fected are 5 - 9 year olds which makes up 31% of the total cases. There has not been any dengue related deaths reported hence the total dengue-related mortality remains at 5. Dengue case definition: An acute fever with any two of the following signs and symptoms: joint & muscle pains; maculo- pappular rash; severe headaches; nausea & vomiting; pains behind the eyes; bleeding and leucopenia. Time: dengue epi-curve Person: age group & sex Sex No of Cases % Female 1570 48% Male 1685 52% Total 3255 100% Control measures continues... SOURCE REDUCTION remains highly recommended for control of mosquito breeding sites during this rainy season. Other usual prevention methods to avoid illness is also advised. An integrated response has seen communities and organizations work with MOH to use chemical spraying in their respective locations. MOH Samoa continues to advocate and implement control measures for mosquito–borne diseases. Grassroots groups involved in vector control are mobilizing the affected communities to actively participate in source reduction and clean-up campaigns. Vector surveillance and control efforts continue. -
Identification Training Program for Plant Parasitic Nematodes
Pacific Horticultural and Agricultural Market Access (PHAMA) Program Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade 9-Sept-2016 PHAMA Technical Report 101 Gender Analysis of the Cocoa Value Chain in Samoa AECOM Pacific Horticultural and Agricultural Market Access (PHAMA) Program Technical Report – Gender Analysis of the Cocoa Value Chain in Samoa Technical Report Gender Analysis of the Cocoa Value Chain in Samoa Client: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade ABN: 47 065 634 525 Prepared by AECOM Services Pty Ltd Level 28, 91 King William Street, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia T +61 8 7223 5400 F +61 8 7223 5499 www.aecom.com ABN 46 000 691 690 9-September-2016 Job No.: 42444251 AECOM in Australia and New Zealand is certified to the latest version of ISO9001, ISO14001, AS/NZS4801 and OHSAS18001. © AECOM Services Pty Limited. All rights reserved. No use of the contents, concepts, designs, drawings, specifications, plans etc. included in this report is permitted unless and until they are the subject of a written contract between AECOM Services Pty Limited (AECOM) and the addressee of this report. AECOM accepts no liability of any kind for any unauthorised use of the contents of this report and AECOM reserves the right to seek compensation for any such unauthorised use. Document Delivery AECOM Services Pty Limited (AECOM) provides this document in either printed format, electronic format or both. AECOM considers the printed version to be binding. The electronic format is provided for the client’s convenience and AECOM requests that the client ensures the integrity of this electronic information is maintained. -
Report on Fire at Asau and Aopo 8 - 16 September 2008
Report on Fire at Asau and Aopo 8 - 16 September 2008 1. Background According to the report provided by the Climate Services of the Meteorology Division, the rainfall recorded in the current dry season is less if compared to the rainfall in the same period in the 2007. For the month of August to September 2008, drought warning has been issued for the North West part of Savaii where Aopo and Asau is located. The wind speed for this dry season ranged from 10 to 15 knots gusting up to or more than 20 knots. This report is being prepared to provide details of the fire at Asau and Aopo including the response actions undertaken by the Government Ministries and Coporations, private sector, Non-Governmental Organisations, individuals and the villages that were affected by the fire. 2. Areas affected and impacts The fire that affected agricultural land of Asau started on Saturday 6th of September 2008 and it is suspected that this fire was caused by burning of vegetation and trunks to clear land for plantations. Due to the number of new fires that started further away from the original area affected, suspicions of arson was established and the Ministry of Police is currently undertaking an investigation to confirm the cause of this fire. With regards to the fire at Aopo, it was reported that it started on Monday 8th of September 2008 within the road reserve area and suspected to have been caused by a cigarette butt being through out from a traveling vehicle. Two causes have been established that is cigarette butt or arson. -
Saunoaga Faataupou Sui Usufono 19861-2011
Saunoaga Faataupou Sui USufono 19861-2011 PALEMENE X Aua na filifilia mai e o outou Itumalo i le faautaga loloto 1988-1990 ma le tofa saili malo, e i ai le taeao lenei. Ia o outou mama na. I le ma lea, o le nofoa lenei ua Afioga Hon AEAU PENIAMINA: outou filifilia i ai ma outou tofiaina i ai se sao o Itumalo Faaalalafaga: Falealupo aua le Maota o Samoa, na ona ou toe Falealupo faamanatu atu, faataatia ane i ina. O le nofoa e i ai ona Filifilia: tapu e puipuia i Tulafono Tumau a le Maota. 22 Mati 1988 Ina ua tofia ituau i Lotopue i Aleipata i le taua i le Tofia ma Fofoga Fetalai: tuliga o Toga, na pae uo ai Tuna ma Tapuloa le Toa o 7 Aperila 1988 Aleipata. Ae ituau Fata ma Ulumasui, o alo o lo la Faatauto: tuafafine. Fai mai le latou mavaega ina o le a sauni, o le 7 Aperila 1988 ituau e muamua ona paia Fatuosofia i Mulifanua ona toe Uluai Lauga faa-Fofoga foi mai lea, foi mai e fesoasoani mai. O lona uiga ia Fetalai: fesoasoani ai. I le ma o le agaga foi lena o le Nofoa. Ia 7 Aperila 1988 tatou fesoasoani ai. Afai tatou te fesoasoani ai, o le a le pine ona malo afua, malo lelei, ailao ua maua, ae to A o le i tuuina atu le fesili, ou te talitonu ua tatau ma manu mo Samoa ma lana tapuaiga. Ona liliu mai lea o se onomea i lenei taimi le taumafai atu o le Nofoa i se upu matou leo, o le a ou le toe vaea le falaooto i le paia tele o aua e faigata ua paia Tiafau nei, le Malae o le le Auvalaaulia i lenei taeao. -
The Rare Plants of Samoa JANUARY 2011
The Rare Plants of Samoa JANUARY 2011 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION LESSONS LEARNED TECHNICAL SERIES 2 BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION LESSONS LEARNED TECHNICAL SERIES 2 The Rare Plants of Samoa Biodiversity Conservation Lessons Learned Technical Series is published by: Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) and Conservation International Pacific Islands Program (CI-Pacific) PO Box 2035, Apia, Samoa T: + 685 21593 E: [email protected] W: www.conservation.org Conservation International Pacific Islands Program. 2011. Biodiversity Conservation Lessons Learned Technical Series 2: The Rare Plants of Samoa. Conservation International, Apia, Samoa Author: Art Whistler, Isle Botanica, Honolulu, Hawai’i Design/Production: Joanne Aitken, The Little Design Company, www.thelittledesigncompany.com Series Editors: James Atherton and Leilani Duffy, Conservation International Pacific Islands Program Conservation International is a private, non-profit organization exempt from federal income tax under section 501c(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. ISBN 978-982-9130-02-0 © 2011 Conservation International All rights reserved. OUR MISSION Building upon a strong foundation of science, partnership and field demonstration, CI empowers societies to responsibly and sustainably care for nature for the well-being of humanity This publication is available electronically from Conservation International’s website: www.conservation.org ABOUT THE BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION LESSONS LEARNED TECHNICAL SERIES This document is part of a technical report series on conservation projects funded by the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) and the Conservation International Pacific Islands Program (CI-Pacific). The main purpose of this series is to disseminate project findings and successes to a broader audience of conservation professionals in the Pacific, along with interested members of the public and students. -
SAMOAN Environment Forum Proceedings of the 2004 National Environment Forum 2005 No
SAMOAN Environment Forum Proceedings of the 2004 National Environment Forum 2005 No. 6 Published by: Ministry of Natural Resources, Environment & Meteorology Beach Road PO Private Bag, Apia Samoa, Email: [email protected] Website: www.mnre.gov.ws 2 Table of Contents Pages 1. Su'esu'eina o aafiaga o le siosiomaga i Samoa e le Faamasinoga 3-6 o Fanua ma Suafa Tu'u'u Ieti Taule'alo 2. Who is responsible for Samoa's treasured island paradise? 7-10 Hemi Fa'aeafaleupolu 3. Improving community skills and knowledge to build, enhance and 11-14 promote environmental stewardship Allamanda Amituana’i and Fatima Sauafea 4. Community consultation – an expense or saving? A comparison 15-22 between Samoan and Victorian planning systems Stephanie McCarthy 5. Community participation - becoming environmental stewards 23-27 Rosia Tavita & Soli Tuaumu 6. Improving Samoa's geographic information services through the 26-33 upgrade of its national geodetic survey network Leoo Polutea, Safuta Toelau Iulio & Vitaoa Peleupu Fuatai 7. Samoa’s national implementation plan for persistent organic 34-39 pollutants - reaching consensus Taulealeausumai Laavasa Malua and Bill Cable 8. Monitoring of coastal hazards zones in Samoa 40-48 Leoo Polutea & Jude Kohlhase 9. Enhancing disaster responsiveness by building institutional capabilities 49-53 Filomena Nelson 10 Soo se auala e faalauiloa ai silafia lautele o le siosiomaga i Samoa 54-57 Tu'u'u Ieti Taule'alo Cover Manumea, tooth-billed pigeon (Didunculus strigirostris) - a native bird of Samoa that is under extreme threat of extinction (Source: MNREM Poster) Copyright Except for educational and research purposes, no part of this publication maybe copied or reproduced in any form or shape without the prior permission of the Chief Executive Officer. -
2016 Census Brief No.1
2 | P a g e 1 | P a g e Foreword This publication is the first of a series of Census 2016 Brief reports to be published from the dataset version 1, of the Population and Housing Census, 2016. It provides a snapshot of the information collected from the Population Questionnaire and some highlights of the Housing Questionnaire. It also provides the final count of the population of Samoa in November 7th 2016 by statistical regions, political districts and villages. Over the past censuses, the Samoa Bureau of Statistics has compiled a standard analytical report that users and mainly students find it complex and too technical for their purposes. We have changed our approach in the 2016 census by compiling smaller reports (Census Brief reports) to be released on a quarterly basis with emphasis on different areas of Samoa’s development as well as demands from users. In doing that, we look forward to working more collaboratively with our stakeholders and technical partners in compiling relevant, focused and more user friendly statistical brief reports for planning, policy-making and program interventions. At the same time, the Bureau is giving the public the opportunity to select their own data of interest from the census database for printing rather than the Bureau printing numerous tabulations which mostly remain unused. The available census data in which the public can request is attached in the annexure pages. We hope this 2016 Census Brief No. 1 will provide an overall picture of the status of population growth, distribution and composition of Samoa’s population as at November 7th 2016. -
Flowering Plants of Samoa
FLOWERING PLANTS OF SAMOA BY ERLING CHRISTOPHERSEN HONOLULU, HAWAII PUBLISHEDBY THE MUSEUM February 21, 1935 KRAUS REPRINT CO. New York 1971 CONTENTS PAGS Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Mono~otyledon~ae.......................................................................................................................... 6 Family 1. Pandanaceae ........................................................................................................ 6 Family 2. Hydrocharitaceae 6 Family 3. Gramineae ............................................................................................................ 6 Family 4. Cyperageae .......................................................................................................... 15 Family 5. Palmae .................................................................................................................. 25 Family 6- Araceae ................................................................................................................ 39 Family 7. Lemnaceae ............................................................................................................ 44 Family 8. Flagellariaceae 44 Family g. Bromeliaceae ...................................................................................................... 47 Family lo. Commelinaceae .................................................................................................. 48 . Family