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Gediz Havzasi'nin Son Tunç Çaği Tarihi Coğrafyasi

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Gediz Havzasi'nin Son Tunç Çaği Tarihi Coğrafyasi T.C. ADNAN MENDERES ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ARKEOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI ARK-YL-2013-0001 GEDİZ HAVZASI’NIN SON TUNÇ ÇAĞI TARİHİ COĞRAFYASI HAZIRLAYAN Miray MİMAROĞLU TEZ DANIŞMANI Prof. Dr. Engin AKDENİZ AYDIN 2013 T.C. ADNAN MENDERES ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ ARKEOLOJİ ANABİLİM DALI ARK-YL-2013-0001 GEDİZ HAVZASI’NIN SON TUNÇ ÇAĞI TARİHİ COĞRAFYASI HAZIRLAYAN Miray MİMAROĞLU TEZ DANIŞMANI Prof. Dr. Engin AKDENİZ AYDIN 2013 i Miray MİMAROĞLU GEDİZ HAVZASI’NIN SON TUNÇ ÇAĞI TARİHİ COĞRAFYASI ÖZET Bir bölgenin coğrafi özellikleri bölge halkını sosyal, siyasal ve ekonomik anlamda oldukça etkilemektedir. Günümüzde Arkeoloji bilimi içerisinde tartışmasız önemli bir konuma gelen tarihi coğrafya çalışmaları sunduğu verilerle bu çalışmaları daha önemli kılmaktadır. Gediz Havzası’nın Son Tunç Çağı Tarihi Coğrafyası’nın ele alındığı bu çalışmada günümüzde Gediz Havzası adıyla anılan arazinin çevresindeki toprakların Son Tunç Çağı’ndaki tarihi coğrafyasının saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Son yıllarda Gediz Havzası’nda gerçekleştirilen coğrafya, Arkeolojik kazı ve yüzey araştırması verileri bu çalışma kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirilen bu çalışmalar neticesinde Gediz Havzası’nın Son Tunç Çağı tarihi coğrafya açısından önemi ve bizlere sunduğu yeni veriler önem taşımaktadır. ANAHTAR SÖZCÜKLER Tarihi Coğrafya, Son Tunç Çağı, Gediz, Hermos, Hermus, Hitit, Minos, Miken, Manisa. i Miray MİMAROĞLU The Historical Geography of Gediz Basin in the Late Bronze Age Abstract The geographical conditions effect population of a certain region socially, politically and economically. The studies on historical geography become even more important by the data that they provide in the science of archaeology. The aim of this study is to define the historical geography of the Gediz Basin in the Late Bronze Age. The outcomes of geographical researches and archaeological excavations as well as surveys in the region have been evaluated. As the result of the studies evaluated, the Gediz Basin is of importance in the Late Bronze Age from the historical geography point of view and also the data provided. KEY WORDS Historical Geography, Late Bronze Age, Gediz, Hermos, Hermus, Hittite, Minoian, Mycenaean, Manisa. ii ÖNSÖZ 1960’lı yıllar Arkeoloji biliminin hem sosyal hem de fen bilimlerinden yararlanarak daha farklı konuları ele almaya başladığı dönüm noktası sayılabilecek bir süreçtir. Oysa Arkeoloji bilimiyle de bağlantılı olan tarihi coğrafya çalışmaları daha 17.yy’dan itibaren bir bilim dalı olarak özellikle seyyahlar tarafından çalışılmıştır. Bu sebeple geçmişi oldukça erken tarihlere dayanan tarihi coğrafya çalışmaları 1960’lardan sonra Arkeoloji bilimindeki özellikle teknik gelişmelerden de faydalanılarak çok daha ileri düzeye yükselmiştir. Bu bağlamda, tarihi coğrafya konusuna beni yönlendiren, Arkeoloji bilimini farklı bir bakış açısıyla görmemi, verdiği bilgileriyle bu konuda giderek kendimi daha da fazla yetiştirmemi sağlayan sayın hocam Prof. Dr. Engin Akdeniz’e teşekkürü bir borç bilirim. Lisans ve Yüksek Lisans eğitimim boyunca Arkeoloji konusunda beni yetiştiren ve destekleyen başta sayın hocam Prof. Dr. Serap Yaylalı’ya ve tüm bölüm hocalarıma, tez çalışmaları sırasında desteğini gördüğüm Tarih Bölümü öğretim üyesi Yrd. Doç. Dr. Hüseyin Üreten’e şükranlarımı sunarım. Bu tezin hazırlanması sırasında manevi desteklerini yanımda hissettiğim tüm arkadaşlarıma teşekkür ederim. Ve son olarak, tanıdığım ilk günden beri bana güvenen, hayatımda olmasından her zaman gurur duyduğum sevgili eşim Sinan Mimaroğlu’na sonsuz teşekkürler. Miray Mimaroğlu, İzmir, Mart 2013 iii ÖZET.................................................................................................................................. i ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... i ÖNSÖZ ............................................................................................................................. ii İÇİNDEKİLER ................................................................................................................ iii GİRİŞ ................................................................................................................................ 1 I.BÖLÜM GEDİZ HAVZASI’NIN FİZİKİ COĞRAFYASI I.1. Gediz Havzası Fiziki Coğrafyası’nın Özellikleri………………… ………………....4 I.1.1. Yukarı Gediz Havzası…………………… ………………………………10 I.1.1.1. Kütahya İl Merkezi……………… ……………………………...10 I.1.1.2. Uşak İl Merkezi………………………… ………………………12 I.1.1.3. Manisa İlçeleri………………………… ………………………..12 I.1.1.3.1. Selendi…………………………… ………………….12 I.1.1.3.2. Demirci………………………………… …………….13 I.1.1.3.3. Kula…………………………………………… ……..14 I.1.1.3.4. Gördes……………………………………… ………..15 I.1.2. Aşağı Gediz Havzası …………………………………………………….15 I.1.2.1. Manisa İlçeleri …………………………………………………15 I.1.2.1.1. Köprübaşı ……………………………………………15 I.1.2.1.2. Sarıgöl ……………………………………………….16 I.1.2.1.3. Alaşehir ……………………………………………...17 I.1.2.1.4. Salihli ………………………………………………..17 I.1.2.1.5. Gölmarmara …………………………………………19 I.1.2.1.6. Akhisar ………………………………………………20 I.1.2.1.7. Ahmetli ………………………………………………22 iv I.1.2.1.8. Turgutlu …………………………………………….22 I.1.2.1.9. Saruhanlı ……………………………………………24 I.1.2.2. Manisa İl Merkezi ……………………………………………..24 I.1.2.3. İzmir İlçeleri …………………………………………………...25 I.1.2.3.1. Kemalpaşa ……………………………………….…25 I.1.2.3.2. Menemen ………………………………………..….25 I.1.2.3.3. Eski Foça ……………………………..………….…26 I.2. Gediz Havzası Jeolojisi ve Jeomorfolojisi …………………………………………27 II. BÖLÜM GEDİZ HAVZASI HAKKINDA BİLGİ VEREN KAYNAKLAR II.1. Antik Kaynaklarda Gediz Havzası ………………………………………………..36 II.2. Seyyahların Çalışmalarında Gediz Havzası ……………………………………….44 II.3. Gediz Havzası Arkeolojisi Üzerine Yapılan Modern Çalışmalar …………………58 III. BÖLÜM GEDİZ HAVZASI’NIN SON TUNÇ ÇAĞI TARİHİ COĞRAFYASI’NA BAKIŞ 64 IV. BÖLÜM GEDİZ HAVZASI SON TUNÇ ÇAĞI BULUNTU MERKEZLERİ IV.1. Yukarı Gediz Havzası Son Tunç Çağı Buluntu Merkezleri................................... 81 IV.1.1.Kütahya ........................................................................................... 81 IV.1.2. Demirci .......................................................................................... 82 IV.1.2.1. Bozyer Höyüğü ............................................................... 82 IV.2. Aşağı Gediz Havzası Son Tunç Çağı Buluntu Merkezleri .................................... 83 IV.2.1. Alaşehir .......................................................................................... 83 v IV.2.1.1. Gavurtepe Höyüğü ....................................................... 83 IV.2.1.2. Taşlıtepe (Tepe Üstü Yerleşim) ................................... 84 IV.2.2. Akhisar .......................................................................................... 84 IV.2.2.1. Akhisar Höyüğü .......................................................... 84 IV.2.2.2. Bağçeşme Höyüğü ...................................................... 85 IV.2.2.3. Çamönü Höyüğü ......................................................... 85 IV.2.2.4. Dağdeviren Höyüğü .................................................... 87 IV.2.2.5. Erdelli Höyük .............................................................. 88 IV.2.2.6. Kennez Höyüğü (Kennez I) ........................................ 89 IV.2.2.7. Mecidiye Höyüğü........................................................ 90 IV.2.2.8. Rahmiye II Höyüğü..................................................... 91 IV.2.2.9. Süleymanlı Höyüğü .................................................... 91 IV.2.2.10. Hastane Höyüğü ........................................................ 92 IV.2.2.11. Su Deliği Tepe (Yamaç Yerleşimi)........................... 93 IV.2.2.12. Kulaksızlar (Atölye).................................................. 93 IV.2.3. Saruhanlı ..................................................................................... 95 IV.2.3.1. Alibeyli Höyüğü......................................................... 95 IV.2.3.2. Arpalı I Höyüğü (Lütfiye) .......................................... 96 IV.2.3.3. Baykuştepe Höyüğü ................................................... 96 IV.2.3.4. Halitpaşa II Höyüğü ................................................... 97 IV.2.3.5. Halitpaşa I (Tepe Üstü Yerleşimi) ............................. 98 IV.2.4. Manisa İl Merkezi ...................................................................... 98 IV.2.4.1. Avlutepe Höyüğü ....................................................... 98 IV.2.4.2. Veziroğlu Höyüğü ...................................................... 99 IV.2.4.3. Büyük Sümbüller (Mezarlık) ..................................... 99 IV.2.4.4. Akpınar Kaya Anıtı .................................................. 101 vi IV.2.5. Turgutlu ...................................................................................... 103 IV.2.5.1. Asartepe (Urganlı) Höyüğü....................................... 103 IV.2.6. Salihli .......................................................................................... 105 IV.2.6.1. Sardeis (Sart) ............................................................ 105 IV.2.7. Gölmarmara ................................................................................ 107 IV.2.7.1. Asartepe ................................................................... 108 IV.2.7.2. Kaymakçı ................................................................. 110 IV.2.7.3. Kızbacı Tepesi ......................................................... 112 IV.2.7.4. Gedevre Tepesi .......................................................
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