Aurora Bertrana: Una Trayectoria Literaria Marcada Por La Perspectiva De Género
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University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies Hispanic Studies 2013 AURORA BERTRANA: UNA TRAYECTORIA LITERARIA MARCADA POR LA PERSPECTIVA DE GÉNERO Sílvia Roig University of Kentucky, [email protected] Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Roig, Sílvia, "AURORA BERTRANA: UNA TRAYECTORIA LITERARIA MARCADA POR LA PERSPECTIVA DE GÉNERO" (2013). Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies. 18. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/hisp_etds/18 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Hispanic Studies at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. 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Sílvia Roig, Student Dr. Ana Rueda, Major Professor Dr. Moisés Castillo, Director of Graduate Studies AURORA BERTRANA: UNA TRAYECTORIA LITERARIA MARCADA POR LA PERSPECTIVA DE GÉNERO ____________________________________ DISSERTATION ____________________________________ A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Kentucky By Sílvia Roig Lexington, KY Director: Dr. Ana Rueda, Professor of Hispanic Studies Lexington, KY 2013 Copyright © Sílvia Roig Martínez 2013 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION AURORA BERTRANA: UNA TRAYECTORIA LITERARIA MARCADA POR LA PERSPECTIVA DE GÉNERO My dissertation explores the narrative of Aurora Bertrana (1892-1974), an unknown writer today, but a successful and recognized female author in Catalonia and Spain during the mid 20th century. The written work of Aurora Bertrana is almost never mentioned in manuals of literature. Relegated almost to absolute oblivion, her rich, intellectual writting has not received the attention it deserves. I have studied seventeen of Bertrana’s novels –practically her entire oeuvre– written in Catalan and Spanish, including the following excellent books that have escaped critical attention: Ariatea (1960), “El pomell de les violes” (mn.), L’inefable Philip (mn.), La aldea sin hombres (mn.), La madrecita de los cerdos (mn.), Entre dos silencis (1958), La ninfa d’argila (1959), Fracàs (1966) and La ciutat dels joves: reportatge fantasia (1971). I have analyzed her writing, published and unpublished, from a feminist approach, taking into account the intellectual history of Spain and Catalonia. Bertrana’s strong commitment to controversial, social issues reveals her association with the modern and noucentists Catalan trends of her time. Her novels also reveal a unique interest in Europe at war and in non-Western cultures and lifestyles that draws attention to the situation of women in different circumstances and cultural geographies. My research is therefore anchored on interpretive and theoretical parameters that intersect, with a consideration of gender, such as class-and-gender, war-and-gender and travel-and-gender. I have used the work of feminists such as Simone De Beauvoir, Shulamith Firestone, Jelke Boesten, Margaret and Patrice Higonnet, Michelle Zimbalist Rosaldo, and Julia Kristeva to help assess Bertrana’s engagement with gender and socio-political issues. This approach is particularly well suited for a writer like Aurora Bertrana, a Catalan and Republican intellectual woman forced into exiled during the Spanish Civil War and the dictatorship of Francisco Franco. KEYWORDS: Travel, War, Utopia, Autobiography 20th Century, Catalan, Women ____________________________________ Student’s Signature ____________________________________ Date AURORA BERTRANA: UNA TRAYECTORIA LITERARIA MARCADA POR LA PERSPECTIVA DE GÉNERO By Sílvia Roig _____________________________ Director of Dissertation ______________________________ Director of Graduate Studies A la meva estimada àvia Teresa. Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the director of my dissertation, Dr. Ana Rueda, for all the time she spent reviewing and commenting on my work. Her outstanding critiques throughout my studies and research at the University of Kentucky made the writing of my dissertation a very productive and rewarding experience. Dr. Rueda is an excellent professor as well as an inspiration to me, both as a woman and as a writer. She made it possible for me to develop the tools necessary to be successful in my professional career through her solid contributions to my knowledge of Spanish literature and the skills I will need as an author and as a professor. Dr. Rueda, I thank you most sincerely for all your help during my years in the Department of Hispanic Studies at the University of Kentucky. In addition, I would like to extend special thanks to the professors who served as members of my dissertation committee: Aníbal Biglieri, Mariana Amato, Cristina Alcalde and Enric Bou. They have provided me with invaluable academic support and I thank them very much for their time, their thoughts, the many conversations with them, and their recommendations, of which led to the successful completion of my thesis. Judy Fugate, at Young Library at the University of Kentucky, made major contributions to my research and the completion of my dissertation. Without her help and effective work, this project could not have been completed. She always made every effort to find all the books I needed for my investigation. Judy, thank you very much! Also, I am very indebted to the Graduate School at the University of Kentucky for granting me iii the Dissertation Enhancement Award, to the Ministry of Culture of Spain for granting me a Dissertation Research Fellowship, and to Brigit Nonó Rius of the Fons Bertrana at the University of Girona in Catalonia, Spain. All of these organizations and individuals were instrumental in the completion of my work. I also thank my parents and the friends I left behind in Catalonia; they always gave me the inspiration, encouragement, and love necessary to achieve my goals. I wish to give special thanks to Núria Sabaté, Mary Beth Schmid, Lynn Celdrán and Francisco Salgado for being excellent colleagues, friends and intellectual partners, and to Dr. Thomas Whayne for motivating me every week to finish my dissertation and for giving me unconditional support and the wisest advice. Finally, I also want to give acknowledgement to my dear friend George Fister who helped me and listened to me during the writing of my dissertation. He has been a role model of respect and kindness and I am very grateful for his friendship. Thanks George for everything you have done for me and for the wonderful meals you cooked on Sundays. Without you, I could not have enjoyed writing my thesis as much and I could not have completed it in a timely fashion. iv Aurora Bertrana: Una trayectoria literaria marcada por la perspectiva de género Acknowledgements........................................................................................................... iii List of tables.........................................................................................................................v Capítulo I. Introducción.......................................................................................................1 1. La mujer escritora a comienzos del siglo XX y la intelectualidad catalana........... 4 2. El proyecto catalán Noucentista, la II República y el feminismo de Bertrana......11 3. El estado de la crítica en torno a Aurora Bertrana y el estudio presente.............. 28 Capítulo II. Obras viajeras: Polinesia y Marruecos.......................................................... 49 1. El libro de viajes en Cataluña a principios del siglo XX .................................... 53 2. La mujer escritora en Cataluña y España en los años treinta ............................... 65 3. Impresiones viajeras de Bertrana sobre la mujer maorí y la cultura polinesia en Paraísos oceánicos, Un idilio caníbal y Ariatea ............................. 83 4. Geografías humanas marroquís desde la mirada de una rumia catalana