MAPS IN May 2017 Newsletter No HISTORY 58 The Medici in cartography Valentijn's map of The Cape Early maps of Indonesia - Conference programme Last 'Events Calendar'

ISSN 1379-3306 www.bimcc.org 2 SPONSORS EDITORIAL 3

Contents Intro

Dear Map Friends, Exhibitions Paulus Here is the May issue of ‘Maps in History’ you have Enlarging the World ...... 4 been waiting for ! Sorry for the delay. But we are all volunteers on the editorial team, working on our spare Swaen time and, as retirees, we have less and less of it! Looks at Books This issue is focussed on the cartographic treasures Internet Map Auctions Vincenzo Coronelli - Cosmographer (1650-1718) ...... 6 of Florence at the time of the Medici: our long time member Alex Smit shares with us his passion for that Mapping Antartica - A five hundred year record of extraordinary city. We also have another article by March - May - September - November discovery...... 8 Roger Stewart on a rare map of The Cape. Among our Maps, Globes, Views, The islands of the end of the world. Depiction of the usual features, you will find the calendars of ‘events’

Atlases, Prints Fortunate Isles on the maps of the medieval West ...... 11 and ‘exhibitions’... for the last time: from now on you SCANNING - GEOREFERENCING will receive instead an electronic notice – which we Catalogue on: AND DIGITISING OF OLD MAPS The Making of the Indian Ocean. Maps from East and call ‘WhatsMap’ – pointing out our next activities and th www.swaen.com West (Antiquity - 16 century) ...... 12 noteworthy agenda items, with hyperlinks to the [email protected] detailed information on our website; we think that this way – better adapted to this time and age – will History and Cartography be more efficient and more reactive. If you have not Tel +1 727 687 32 98 received the first issues of WhatsMap, make sure to IJzerweglaan 48 I 9050 Gent Belgium François Valentijn’s Influential Maps of the Cape of Good [email protected] I www.aquaterra.be send us your e-mail address; and do not hesitate to Hope ...... 15 T +32 (0)9 230 55 15 I F +32 (0)9 230 21 10 inform us of events and news you would like to share with other members. The Medici Family and cartography in Florence ...... 20

Cooperation on digital library of Waldseemüller map .27 In the next issue of this magazine, you will get the full report of our recent activities: the Annual General Meeting and Map Afternoon (on 22 April) and our Interview excursion to The Hague (6 May), to visit the fascinating exhibition on the archives of the VOC (Dutch United Where are they now? ...... 28 East-India Company). Our next major activity this year will be our International Conference devoted to Map Circle news Indonesia, in the framework of the Europalia cultural festival; the tentative programme of lectures given in

Map Circle Annual Activity report ...... 31 this issue will be finalised in September; but book the date already now: 9 December 2017 International Conference 9 December 2017 Henri Godts Early maps of Indonesia - Draft programme...... 32 Cartographically yours. News and Calendars Avenue Louise 230/6 1050 Brussels International news...... 33

Tel +32 (0)2 647 85 48 Events calendar...... 36 Fax +32 (0)2 640 73 32

Exhibition calendar...... 38 Dealer and Auctioneer of rare books, Auction calendar...... 38 manuscripts, maps and atlases

Info from: [email protected] Catalogue on: www.godts.com Jean-Louis Renteux Cover Vice-President & Editor The Room of Geographical Maps in the Palazzo Vecchio (Firenze). [email protected] In its centre the more than 2m diameter globe completed by Egnazio Danti in 1571.

MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 4 EXHIBITIONS EXHIBITIONS 5

‘Enlarging the world’

Chambéry, France, 14 September 2016 – 15 February 2017

The major discoveries of new and, until then, unknown territories in the world which really started in the 15th century, continue to receive much attention with excellent exhibitions in different countries. In France, with the main focus on Paris, it is relatively little known that the town of Chambéry in the Savoie region possesses in its municipal library a very vast and ex- cellent collection of atlases and maps. Fig. 2 - ‘Carte des trois navigations de Willem Barents aux terres septentrionales’ [Amstelodami]: Cornelius Nicolai Recently its Médiathèque Jean-Jacques excudebat. Baptista a Doetechum schulp., 1598 Rousseau organised a very interesting Bibliothèques municipales de Chambéry, CAR MON B 6. and excellently presented exhibi- Scale about 1:10 000 000; 43,5 x 57 cm tion under the theme Enlarging the World - Geographic Maps and Travel Several very important maps and Panthéon-Sorbonne and Christophe contacting patrimoine@mairie- Fig. 1 - ‘Nouvelle carte du monde’, Oronce Fine (1494-1555), [Paris]: Christian Wechel, Books [Agrandir le Monde - Cartes 1541 atlases are on display, such as from Tufféry, Geographer. chambery.fr Géographiques & Livres de Voyage XVe Bibliothèques municipales de Chambéry, CAR MON A 7. Ramusio (with one of the first maps of Around this exhibition a very south-east Asia), Münster, Mercator, extensive and impressive programme More detailed information on this – XVIIIe Siècle]. Simultaneously at the Scale about 1: 80 000 000; 35 x 45.5 cm same location there were also two side Ortelius, Blaeu and Janssonius. And, with over 100 activities was organised exhibition, related activities and the exhibitions about the exploration of for example, a map of the Dutch in Chambéry, with among others Library’s maps and atlases can be the Poles and of Central Africa during Municipal Library was acquired in 1885 classified and digitized recently. The cartographer Cornelius Nicolai frequent guided tours, lectures, consulted on the following web sites: the 19th and early 20th centuries, show- from the Library of the Collège des exhibition is showing a selection of showing the three expeditions of workshops and films, with specific ing contemporary pictures and local Jésuites of Chambéry, which earlier these maps for the very first time. Our Willem Barendts in the Arctic Ocean activities for children. Over 3000 • Exhibition : www. newspaper articles. received it through a major legacy honorary president Wulf Bodenstein in his effort to find a Northeast children visited the exhibition with voyageursdesavoie-bmchambery.fr In the exhibition, responses were from a local collector, Claude-Marie was consulted regarding the display of passage to Asia (see picture). Also the their school classes for a total of about • Library : http:// bibliotheque- given to several questions: Why are Pillet. This collection was completed maps of Africa. first maps of North America and New 15 000 visitors. A great success. numerique.chambery.fr maps oriented to the North? Is there by a legacy from the family of Richard Amsterdam [today: New York] from • Full program: www.chambery.fr/ a universal map of the world? Why de Réginauld de Lannoy de Bissy This collection of several thousand Janssonius and Visscher. The exhibition was initially held from bibliotheques is Europe depicted in the upper part (1844-1906), an army officer, explorer maps, atlases and travel books is 14 September 2016 until 14 January and centrally for the world in these and cartographer, who is best known organised in three parts: The exhibition and the catalogue, 2017 but, due to its success, it was maps? The various displays respond as a geographer of Africa. His major prepared under the direction of Emilie prolonged for an extra month. to these questions, by explaining to and very ambitious accomplishment • Maps and city plans of Chambéry Dreyfus with two other Médiathèque the visitor the major discoveries of has been to develop the first complete and Savoie librarians, are really impressive, A nice catalogue (95 pages) in colour explorers and the development of map of Africa at a scale of 1:2 000 000. • Maps of Africa of the 19th century considering that none of them had to this exhibition has been published, scientific instruments from the end Other legacies and acquisitions have from the legacy of Lannoy de Bissy a specific previous knowledge of giving an overview about the history of the Middle Ages till the end of the been added to these collections. An • Old maps and atlases of the world cartography. Scientific advice was of exploration and mapmaking and 17th century. About 85 maps, atlases important part of the collection also with all continents represented provided by Prof. Christian Grataloup, showing a summary of the items and instruments, in pristine condition, consists of maps of the Savoie re- Geohistorian of the University Paris exhibited. It can be obtained from are on display. But why in Chambéry? gion. These and the entire Lannoy de VII Denis-Diderot and also Prof. Jean- Chambéry’s town hall at the modest Alex Smit The very vast and rich collection of its Bissy collection have been described, Louis Tissier, of the University Paris 1 cost of EUR 15.00 (plus postage) by [email protected]

MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 6 LOOKS AT BOOKS LOOKS AT BOOKS 7

Vincenzo Coronelli - Cosmographer (1650 – 1718) The second Part of the book unfolds the report in Maps in History No 57, he was not a mathematician, nor the fascinating story of the making p. 35). As of 1697, Coronelli published an astronomer or topographer. In of the ‘Globes for a King’. With a the printed gores in a book called the his work he persistently chose to by Marica Milanesi description of the diverse roles played Libro dei Globi of which only thirteen ignore the contemporary debates by carpenters, mathematicians, copies are known to exist today. These over longitude or the measurements Volume 13 in the Series Terrarum Orbis under the direction of Patrick Gautier Dalché and artists, historians and other scientists, gores are prized collector’s items. The of the earth, and Milanesi describes Nathalie Bouloux. Milanesi exposes the scope of an more modest amateur map historian him as appearing to be more of a Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2016 – 472 pp., 44 ill. in colour. Hard cover, 27 x 21 cm. enterprise of unheard-of proportions. may content himself with the facsimile craftsman than a true savant. He had ISBN 978-2-503-56461-6,EUR 125.00. An example of its iconographic of this book published in the series a pronounced gift though for making Special offer for our readers: EUR 95.00 (plus VAT), valid until 30 June 2017. splendour is the detail of the Theatrum Orbis Terrarum, Fourth a name for himself in academic, terrestrial globe shown on the book Series, Vol. V (1969). Marica Milanesi ecclesiastical and political circles. To order: send an e-mail to [email protected] and quote special discount code BMC_300617 cover: a pedestal supporting the king’s respectfully amends, in some places, bust displays a munificent dedication the foreword by the celebrated map Finally, Part V contains nine Annexes to l’Auguste Majesté de Louis le Grand, historian Helen Wallis. with examples of correspondence and Mention the name of Coronelli, and with the personifications of History, catalogues of printed works and maps. one immediately thinks of globes. Astronomy and Geography at its left. Eight Chapters in Part III cover Collectors will particularly appreciate In 1952, this long-standing mental Coronelli’s other activities in Venice. the listings of maps by Coronelli and association inspired some collectors Whereas the earth globe reflected Around 1684, together with a group those engraved by Nolin (annexes of globes in Vienna to found a circle ‘state-of-the-art’ acquaintance with of brothers from the Frari (the 5 to 9). A list of fifty cited works by of specialists which became the the world of the end of the 17thcentury, Laboratorio dei Frari), he produced Coronelli, a bibliography, two indexes International Coronelli Society for its celestial counterpart had a maps of the war against the Turks. and forty-four colour plates complete the Study of Globes, the only scientific mission to perform. In the dedication In 1686 Jean-Baptiste Nolin was this work. Society exclusively devoted to globes. cartouche to the king, Cardinal contracted in Paris to engrave and A major event that brought Coronelli d’Estrées states that all the Stars of the later sell Coronelli’s maps, a fruitful Beautifully edited, documented into the limelight more recently Firmament and the Planets have been relationship that lasted until 1690. and illustrated, Marica Milanesi’s was the installation of the restored placed in the same position in which In 1691 the first part of his Atlante historiography represents a turning giant globes of King Louis XIV on they were at the birth of this glorious Veneto was put on sale, later earning point in our appreciation of Vincenzo the François Mitterand site of the Monarch. To top this off, a horoscope him the title of Cosmographer of Coronelli’s life and work, hitherto Bibliothèque nationale in Paris in 2006 for his date of birth, 5 September the Republic of Venice. A second based on some preconceived (see my note in BIMCC Newsletter No 1638, was also painted in the southern part, an island book (Isolario), was ideas about his more spectacular 28, May 2007, p. 10). hemisphere. The author’s attention added in 1697. Marica Milanesi here achievements. This colourful Venetian to intimate details of this historical admirably succeeds in unravelling personality comes to life, with all his But there is obviously more to this phase in the history of globes is of the complicated history of Coronelli’s successes and failures, in the inspired Venetian celebrity than globemaking, particular appeal. role as a designer of maps, compiler portrayal of the social and intellectual as the title of Marica Milanesi’s book of atlases, books on geography and of environment that prevailed in Europe suggests. The author began studying Upon his return to Venice, Coronelli an Epitome cosmografica which he in his time. the subject almost twenty years ago built reduced copies of the giant developed from a handbook on the use within the wider aim of gaining a globes, and this became a flourishing of globes to a cosmography textbook. deeper knowledge of geographical business. They were then the largest culture at the end of the seventeenth printed globes ever made, outclassing In Part IV Milanesi evokes the stage century. The sum of this work, partly the Dutch globes available on the on which Coronelli operated, between based on revised articles published Engaged by Cardinal d’Estrées, output of cartographic material he market at that time. Among them is curiosity and science, and analyses previously, is the monograph now French ambassador in Rome, he became involved in public works that the beautiful pair of terrestrial and his mode of operation. For a certain before us. moved to Paris in 1681 to organise included river and lake hydraulics. celestial globes of the Royal Library of time, the creation of the Accademia the manufacture of the famous giant However, he fell into disgrace of Belgium (after 1701, 113 cm in diameter) Cosmografica degli Argonauti in the A concise biography in Part I presents painted globes (3.85 m in diameter) ecclesiastical institutions and of the which was presented to participants 1680’s gave him a scholarly status. Vincenzo Coronelli (1650-1718) as which d’Estrées offered Louis XIV Republic of Venice on account of some of our Conference on Globes and Contrary, however, to the image he coming from a rather poor family in for his Versailles palace, then under doubt about the quality of his work, Instruments in December, 2016 (see presented of himself to his entourage, Venice. Having been admitted a novice construction. Back in Venice in 1683, embarrassing financial debts and in Assisi first, and a Friar monk in Coronelli turned to producing printed alleged disobedience. He suddenly Venice later in 1671, he studied theology globes, maps, and atlases, all of which died in 1718, still trying to re-establish in Rome and geometry in Padua where are addressed in the next four parts his position through new projects for Wulf Bodenstein [email protected] he was introduced to globe making. of the book. Apart from the enormous globes and publications.

MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 8 LOOKS AT BOOKS LOOKS AT BOOKS 9

Incognita’ was to counterbalance the northern continents. Abel Tasman Mapping Antarctica circumnavigated Australia reducing dramatically the presumed southern A five hundred year record of discovery landmass that was depicted on maps for nearly 300 years. Cook had set By Robert Clancy, John Manning and Henk Brolsma the scene for Antarctic exploration by reporting colonies of seals along the Scotia Arc. Illustrations show the Dordrecht: Springer Praxis, 2014, 323 pp., 130 colour & 33 b/w photos, illustrations and maps, hard evolution in mapmaking from a ‘T-O’ cover. map, the 1482 Ptolemy world map, ISBN 978 94 007 4320 5 - EUR 31.75. the 1531 Nova, et integra universi orbis descriptio by Fine, the 1595 Mercator world map showing Terra Australis, the Maris Pacifici by Ortelius (1589), and maps of Delisle and the Orbis terrarum Like 99.99% of the world population Nova of N. Visscher, lacking a south I have not been on Antarctica, the polar landmass. 6th and last continent on this planet Earth to be discovered and explored. Since Captain Cook circumnavigated This new 323-pages, fully illustrated, the South Pole far beyond the pack book fills the gap in knowledge ice, the International Geographical of a European, curious by nature Congress of 1895 in London focused and interested in discoveries and interest on Antarctica. France cartography on this cold subject. concentrated on the Pacific Ocean Poli Arcti -1639 - Henricus Hondius 1639 and its southern regions. Captain No, there are no polar bears in Dumont d’Urville wanted to conquer claimed to be the first to have set foot ship ‘Gauss’ a German expedition led Antarctica, but there are seals and land after France lost territories in on the Antarctic continent. The RGS by Erich Drygalski ventured onto land whales: that is the general knowledge North America and he was looking also sponsored many expeditions and and climbed the volcano he named of most of my compatriots, when for the south magnetic Pole. The USA reported on these in its publications. Gaussberg. discussing the South Pole region. The was looking for seals. Over a couple of Around the end of the 19th century book helps us in the history of the years the seal population was severely winter bases were set up and interior The race to get to the South Pole southern continent, or ‘Terra Australis slaughtered and 320 000 skins came exploration could start. Fourteen maps had started. Shackleton and three Incognita’, as it was called on some of from the South Shetland Islands. Sir illustrate the approach of the continent companions approached to within 110 the earliest maps. James Ross mentioned whales during during this period. miles, after a journey of 1600 miles, his voyages and after slaughtering the mapping the mountains and the After an introduction, each of the ten big mammals, the English introduced A chapter is devoted to the heroic Beardmore Glacier. Amundsen with subject chapters is chronologically regulations on sealing and, from age of exploration. Baron Adrien de four companions and four dog sledges developed. Experiences from North 1881, on whaling which became the Gerlache de Gomery sailed through departed on 19 October 1911, arrived Pole expeditions helped to prepare convention on banning sealing in the the strait that received his name in at the South Pole on 15 December, and the adventure in the southern seas Falklands. 1897/8 and got stuck in the ice; Roald planted the Norwegian flag; the best and to find and settle near the South Amundsen and Frederick Cook were known is probably Scott’s journey Pole. Looking for profit and claiming map of the North Pole and eight Looking for the magnetic North and Wilkes gathered a great quantity of some of his companions. They were from the Weddell Sea. This chapter is land for their country have been the other circumpolar maps by, e.g., South Poles that influenced their surveying data to be published in the first to spend a full winter in illustrated with 21 maps describing the motivations of most of the explorers; Nordenskiöld, Amundsen and Peary to compass needles became an object of eighteen volumes and elf atlases of Antarctica and it took a great effort to expeditions and the routes reaching scientific research came in parallel, to show their routes. study. Edmond Halley introduced the plates. In this period they all had to free the ship. During their winter on the South Pole. improve the accessibility of fishing and isogonic lines or magnetic meridians adapt to sail at 70° south. Scientists the ice shelf they performed scientific hunting grounds. The second chapter focuses on the in the southern hemisphere and Louis concentrated on geomagnetism and experiments but suffered from In Chapter 6 Antarctica is discovered incentives of English and Dutch Duperrey situated the magnetic South found the magnetic pole at 66°S and scorbutus (scurvy). Some of the crew from the air. Hubert Wilkins and The first chapter describes the Protestants looking for a northern Pole at 76°S and 135-136°E. This chapter 146°E. W. Thompson expanded oceanic went insane, one wanted to walk back Ben Eielson used aircraft, before research for the North East and passage, whilst Catholic Spain and is illustrated with twelve maps and surveying and Sir John Murray edited to Belgium. attempts over the North Pole, and North West Passages by English Portugal circumnavigated Africa and comments on Hondius, Cornelis de 50 volumes in 1895, supporting the discovered mountain chains; this is and Dutch merchants looking for a South America, to concentrate on seals Jode, John Ross and others. idea of an Antarctic continent. Charles The British concentrated on the well illustrated here. Richard Byrd shorter and safer route to the spice and – later – extensive exploitation of Enderby, a founder member of the Ross Sea in the beginning of the 20th dominated Antarctic exploration countries, building up experience in whales, joined by Christin Christensen A historic overview of maps from Royal Geographical Society in 1830, century. Otto Nordenskiöld sailed from 1928-1950 through well- navigation and survival techniques; it of Norway, first near Spitsbergen (part Claudius Ptolemy to Captain James was less fortunate as a businessman with the Antarctica to Snow Hill organised expeditions inland, and is illustrated with the Ortelius world of today’s Svalbard) and later near Cook illustrates the research for land but he was a catalyst for international Island; their ship sunk and they were planted permanent meteorological map of 1570, the Gerard Mercator Antarctica. in the southern seas: ‘Terra Australis research in Antarctica. Borchgrevink rescued by an Argentine boat. In the stations and two permanent east

MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 10 LOOKS AT BOOKS LOOKS AT BOOKS 11

and west bases. BANZARE (British, trigometrogon photogrammetric Kingdom, USA and USSR (since 1991: Australian and New Zealand Antarctic mapping of one and a half million Russia) are explained with another 20 Las islas del fin del mundo. Repre- Research Expeditions) organised square miles with the ‘Highjump’ maps to illustrate their activities and two international expeditions in the programme. mapping. sentación de las Afortunadas en los 1930s and confirmed the interest of these countries in Antarctic scientific From 1950 to 2010 sees mapping use The ninth chapter focuses on research. Another eight maps illustrate ground control points to improve the international scientific contributions mapas del Occidente medieval. these discoveries and mapping. quality of aero-photogrammetry with in different sciences and many treaties: the introduction of tellurometers, Antarctic Seal Convention, SCAR, [The islands of the end of the world. Depiction of the Fortunate Chapter 7 describes the historic Doppler and sonar technology and ATCM, COMNAP, CEP, CCAMLR, territorial claims by the United GPS. These techniques enabled ACAP: all acronyms for treaties to Isles on the maps of the medieval West] avoid exploitation of the wilderness and to promote better environmental by Kevin R. Wittmann awareness of the global community. La Laguna and Lleida: Universidad de La Laguna and Universitat de Lleida, 2016, 126 pp., colour ill. Signing the Madrid protocol (1991) ensures a better protection and study ISBN: 978-84-15939-45-0, EUR 18.00 - Language : spanish of the Antarctic environment. The detailed maps also focus on altitudes The Fortunate Isles, also called the medieval maps that have often been and the Vinson Massif at 4897 m! Islands of the Blessed and often overlooked in the study of Atlantic described with paradisiacal attributes, archipelagos and gaining new insights The tenth and final chapter deals were in classic Antiquity a remote from the combination of textual and with the evolution of knowledge of archipelago located at the west end of graphic traditions. He reveals how Antarctica through atlases, with the known world, in what we now call different mindsets - myth, literature, another 23 illustrations of Terra the Atlantic Ocean. How these semi- encyclopaedism or empiricism Australis Incognita. legendary territories were depicted - influenced different styles of on medieval maps is the subject of representation. The book is also a Conclusion: A historic and accurate a recently published monograph by significant contribution to the history study of the last continent to be Kevin R. Wittmann. of the names of each Canary Island. discovered, through original maps and The author is currently completing One aspect I missed in the study, atlases, very well documented by the a PhD at La Laguna University, however, is the discussion of maps triumvirate authorship. in the Canary Islands, one of the included in manuscripts of Ptolemy’s archipelagos that has traditionally Geography. Are there variations in the For a next edition I could suggest been identified with the Fortunate ways that they represent the Fortunate adding a separate larger map of Isles. Wittmann wrote this book the western ocean. Another group of Isles and did they influence the other Antarctica on a larger scale, like the because he realized there was a gap works represents the Fortunates as medieval cartographic traditions? one the National Geographic Society in historians’ knowledge of how the six islands, with names that often go Those questions are not addressed in published, so the reader could follow Fortunates were drawn on maps in the back to Roman author Pliny the Elder. Wittmann’s book and may need to wait the texts and place names not to be Middle Ages, particularly before the Finally, several later mappaemundi for some future publication. Another found on too small illustrations. The 14th century. - some of them very well known like minor point for improvement is that, quality of the printed maps does the Hereford map - associate the while the book includes numerous Südpolarkarte 1872 - Dr G von Neumayer not equal the ‘coffee table book’, and The book is not only a carto- Fortunate Isles with another legendary illustrations, it could still have many half pages are left blank by the bibliography however. Wittmann is island, St Brandan’s. benefited from a digital companion Kingdom, Norway, USA, Argentina, precisions and indirect measures, publisher. particularly interested in the history Furthermore, a more empirical – in CD or online – showing high- Chile, Russia, Australia, New unheard of before. Amongst many of mentalities, so he analyzed each representation of the Atlantic resolution images of all 34 cited maps. Zealand, France; the cooperation surveyors, our colleague Alan Fredric This book has taught me a lot about the cartographic depiction and compared archipelagos emerges with portolan on scientific purposes leading to Wright spent two full years (1961- southern continent, its discoveries and it with a large corpus of textual charts, from the 14th century on. Overall, this is a solidly scholarly book the International Polar Years of 62) applying these techniques on explorations. sources in order to gain insights about The number, position and shape of that should be read by those interested 1892, 1932, and 1958. SCAR (Scientific Antarctica; his great contribution the perceptions and intentions of the the Canary islands is shown quite in medieval cartography or the history Committee on Antarctic Research) is commemorated by a peninsula people who drew those semi-legendary accurately in portolan charts but of Atlantic archipelagos, and also by cooperation and the Antarctic Treaty named after him on Adelaide Island. territories on medieval maps. they do not fully replace traditional those who wish to learn more about in 1959, banning all military use and The activities and contributions of After discussing quite in depth the depictions of the Fortunate Isles, which the evolution of activities, is still respected. Another Argentina, Australia (with ANARA concept of island in the Middle Ages, survive until the end of the Middle mindsets throughout eight maps illustrate the expedition exploration), Chile, China, Germany, the book observes that three types Ages in a quite remarkable overlap the European Middle routes and territorial claims and the Italy, Japan, New Zealand, United of graphic representation of the of different cartographic traditions, Ages. Fortunate Isles can be distinguished in sometimes in one and the same map. mappaemundi. One tradition depicts In my opinion, Wittmann succeeds in Jan De Graeve this territory as a single landmass in his stated goal, bringing to attention Luis Robles-Macias [email protected] [email protected]

MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 12 LOOKS AT BOOKS LOOKS AT BOOKS 13

Many of the maps will be familiar to readers, many will not. All, however, La Fabrique de l'Océan Indien. tell the story depicted by the writers and are well produced and described, Cartes d'Orient et d'Occident often diagrammatically. We are reading academic articles dealing with a set of similar themes through (Antiquité-XVIe siècle) many different lenses – Greek, Latin, Arab, Persian, Indian, Chinese, Turk, [The Making of the Indian Ocean. Maps from East and West Portuguese, Dutch and Mongol. th Information overlaps and builds as the (Antiquity-16 century)] contributions to the depiction of the Indian Ocean are described. This is Edited by Emmanuelle Vagnon and Eric Vallet not an easy read. It is however, most rewarding Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 2017 - 372 pp., richly illustrated – maps and extracts of maps – soft cover, 27 x 30 cm EUR 39,00 ISBN: 978-2-85944-979-7

This is a truly splendid work which exploration and cartography’. This Fig. 2 - Diogo Homem’s map of the Indian Ocean, 1561 retraces the history of the mapmaking helps the reader to better understand of the Indian Ocean from Antiquity to the flow of the section. The second part focusses on the ways of the 16th century Dutch navigators the end of the 16th century, setting out the shorelines and seas were named. had taken over the exploration of the circulation of knowledge, mapping The first section deals with the It starts by asking how India gave its the Indian Ocean routes from the traditions and images of the area. It is way maps gave form to the Indian name to this vast ocean. Why was Portuguese and sought out concrete the fruit of the MeDian – Les sociétés Ocean. We see it as viewed by ancient an ocean called after just one of its information to update their maps. méditerranéennes et l’océan Indien Mesopotamia, from the ancient coastlines? Earlier on it had been – research programme, enhanced Greeks (for example the map centred called the Erythraean Sea, the Red The third section looks at how by a number of French institutions on the Indian Ocean published in the Sea. But when the Portuguese were at the Indian Ocean was drawn and – universities, libraries, and so on. Parergon, an extension of the Theatris the height of their power – exemplified illustrated. It had always been subject Alongside the research itself a week- Orbis Terrarum, 1597), how it was by the Atlas Miller – bits of the ocean to a mixture of experience and long conference was held in Paris drawn on the ‘Latin’ mappamundi (e.g. began to be called after their adjacent imagination, from its cartographers. each year from 2009-12. The papers The book is a real example of from the 12th century Liber Floridus), coastlines/coastal areas, and the The section covers the various ways from these sessions, plus those from teamwork. Fourteen authors have and its representation in Arab Arabs did the same. A map by Angelino mapmakers from different traditions additional study days, focussed on contributed papers to the book, cartography (e.g. Ibn Hawqal’s ‘Book Dulcert (1339) explains the trade treated islands, how they started to the history of the Indian Ocean – its working out of France, the UK, of the Configuration of the Earth’, 10th routes and what was being shipped to develop rutters and views of ports, for archaeology, literary and geographical Portugal, the USA, India and South century - see Fig. 1). We then move on where. Maps started to include new example Pedro Barreto de Resende’s texts, and maps. The ‘L’âge d’or des Africa. They bring a rich variety of to view the Ocean through the eyes of elements as knowledge spread, but descriptions of Mombasa and Muscat cartes marines. Quand l’Europe angles on the topic, and show the European Renaissance cartographers also tended to retain the old. The map (copy after 1635) (see Fig. 3), and how découvrait le monde’ exhibition in reader how civilisations over time (Battista Agnese’s map of the Indian by Jan Huyghen van Linschoten (1595) information did not just come from Paris, October 2012 – January 2013 (see had differing concepts of this sea. The Ocean in his nautical atlas of the mixes Latin for regions and seas, and mariners and traders. We read about MiH No 45), which many map lovers timeline starts in Antiquity with the world, 1543), followed by its depiction in Arab and Portuguese for the names of navigator D. João da Castro, who took in Europe will have visited, plus the Babylon mappamundi (8th century south-east Asia (the ‘Kangnido’ by Kim islands, coastlines and interiors. Arab a very scientific view of maritime accompanying conference, were the BCE ) and ends on the brink of the 17th Sa-hyeong et al., 1402). travellers, among them al-Idrisi and navigation. Francisco Rodriguez first manifestation of the results of century, when the Portuguese ibn Battuta, added names of towns. wrote a nautical guide to the whole the research work. The aim of this monopoly ended with the The Cantino planisphere (1502) brought of the coastline of the Indian Ocean. book is to delve further into the topic. arrival of the Dutch, British together all the information from Finally the last chapter deals with the Fig. 3 - Pedro Barreto de Resende’s The reader is thus offered a summary and French on the scene. the Portuguese voyages of Vasco da ‘marvels’ – from different kinds of descriptions of Mombasa and Muscat of the work of many historians and Gama, Pedro Alvares Cabral and João vessels to giants and monsters – that (copy after 1635) cartographic researchers, offering ‘La Fabrique’ is divided da Nova. It was the first document were incorporated into maps of the a variety of angles on how this body into sections. Each chapter to give a correct account of Africa’s area, coming from the European, Arab, of sea and the land masses around it is followed by a ‘focus’, an coasts overall. Cantino procured the Persian and Turkish traditions. came into being through the skills, illustrated explanation of a document in Lisbon and took it to knowledge and know-how of the single map, and each section Italy where it was much copied. Later The book ends with a very useful cultures who were either just going has at least one ‘insert’ which on, Diogo Homem’s map of the Indian parallel chronology, a wide-ranging about their business trading there, or gives a more general summary Ocean (see Fig. 2) – part of his nautical bibliography, a detailed index, and a seeking domination. of, for example, ‘Portuguese atlas (1561) – became famous for its table of contents. Fig. 1 - Ibn Hawqal’s ‘Book of the Configuration of precision and artistry. By the end the Earth’ - 10th century Nicola Boothby [email protected]

MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 14 SPONSORS HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY 15

SPECIAL OFFER for members of the Brussels Map Circle François Valentijn’s Influential Maps ORBIS DISCIPLINAE HOMMAGES EN L’HONNEUR of the Cape of Good Hope DE PATRICK GAUTIER DALCHÉ Antiquariat Edited by Nathalie Bouloux, Anca Dan & Georges Tolias Peter Kiefer * € 95 Buch- und Kunstauktionen & free shipping by Roger Stewart (Book and art auctions) Roger Stewart [email protected] 841 p., 82 col. ills., 46 b/w ills. Steubenstraße 36 ISBN 978-2-503-56705-1 Hardback: € 135 75172 Pforzheim, Germany

The volume brings together In 1726, François Valentijn published Valentijn’s ’Beschryvinge van also documented the settlement’s thirty-six articles on the history of Tel +49 7231 / 9232-0 two maps of the Cape of Good Hope de Kaap der Goede Hoop ' eastward expansion beyond the short the representation and perception of space in text and image. Fax +49 7231 / 9232-16 in ‘Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indien’. The Liesbeeck River to the east of Table [email protected] larger map, ‘Nieuwe Kaart van Caap François Valentijn (1666–1727) was a Mountain; and identified outspans Table of Contents: www.brepols.net der Goede Hoop’ is a map of most of Calvinist Minister and an historian (camp sites) on the northern routes www.kiefer.de the Dutch settlement known at that of the Vereenigde Oost-Indische used by early VOC explorers. Despite * Offer valid until 15 September 2017, when quoting the promo code PR_BMC Price includes VAT. time; the inset, ‘Kaart van de Caap der Compagnie (VOC), the United Dutch their numerous flaws, the maps had a Goede Hoop’, shows the early eastward East Indian Company. His book, ‘Oud wide influence for more than a century expansion of the colony, beyond the en Nieuw Oost-Indien’ [Old and New on the cartography of the country. For orders, contact [email protected] Liesbeeck River. Despite anachronisms East-Indies], described the VOC FHG and avoidable cartographic errors, settlements and trade in the Far East, Valentijn knew the Cape settlement Valentijn’s maps recorded a significant Ceylon (i.e. Sri Lanka), Mauritius and quite well. In 1685, 1695, 1705 and 1714, epoch in the history of the Cape and Cape of Good Hope.1 he visited the expanding Dutch colony had a surprisingly wide and long en route to and from the East Indies, influence on maps of the region. This massive work of eight folio the total duration of his residence volumes comprises approximately being more than six months. He 5000 double column pages and 1 000 travelled in an easterly direction to illustrations. ‘Beschryvinge van de the village of Stellenbosch, on the Kaap der Goede Hoop’ [Descriptions of banks of the Eerste River, and to the the Cape of Good Hope] comprises four country estate Vergelegen (in today’s Loeb-Larocque chapters in Volume 5 of the book 2 Somerset West), at the foothills of the mindseye Hottentots Holland Mountains, which The maps that illustrated his were an obstacle to further expansion. Maps, Atlases, Prints Beschryvinge are of the south-western He visited Constantia, the Governor’s and books David Raes corner of Africa in which the VOC country estate (still extant) at the established a settlement in 1652. They southern end of the first expansion. 31, rue de Tolbiac 75013 Paris Branding, design for print, 1 Valentijn, François, ‘Oud en Nieuw In the Netherlands, he also had catalogues and webdesign. Oost-Indie’, Dordrecht and Amsterdam, privileged access to some of the VOC’s Johannes van Braam and Gerard onder highest officers and its documents. In By appointment only de Linden, 1724 – 26. Jan Palfijnstraat 26 the preparation of his Beschryvinge, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium 2 Serton, Petrus, ed., ‘Beschryvinge Valentijn not only made use of his Tel +33 (0) 6 11 80 3375 van de Kaap der Goede Hoop met de personal knowledge, experience Tel/Fax +33 (0) 1 44 24 85 80 Zaaken daar toe behoren Amsterdam [email protected] and contacts, but also made use of [email protected] 1726’ [Description of the Cape of Good www.mindseye.be Hope with the Matters concerning numerous published sources e.g. Caput it. Amsterdam 1726], Cape Town: www.loeb-larocque.com Bonae Spei Hodiernum of Peter Kolbe. Van Riebeeck Society, 1971. The book As was common at the time, Valentijn published the Beschryvinge in Dutch and English. The introduction is in did not distinguish between his own Fig. 1 - François Valentijn 1724 Afrikaans and English. The extensive information and the work of others. footnotes are in Afrikaans only. Volume I (Wikimedia Commons) is available at http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/ vale003besc01_01/vale003besc01_01.pdf

MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 16 HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY 17

Fig. 2a - Valentijn’s map and inset of the Cape of Good Hope Fig. 2b - The inset on Valentijn’s map of the cape of Good Hope

Serton forgivingly described Valentijn’s Maps of the Cape Nieuwe Kaart van Caap der the longitudinal difference between Valentijn did not travel a significant Stel journal in the 1920s (in Ireland), Valentijn as ‘a tireless compiler of of Good Hope (Fig. 2a and 2b) Goede Hoop Table and Algoa Bays of only 5 1½° distance from Table Bay and concluded that Valentijn probably facts’ and George McCall Theal, the was underestimated by 2 °, a common Stellenbosch, yet he was the first to received from Willem Adriaan van historian, concluded that ‘the whole The Beschryvinge includes two maps Valentijn’s larger map (56 x 46 cm) error at that time.7 Algoa Bay is about publish new cartographic information der Stel (Simon’s son) a copy of an (Beschryvinge) is worked into an of the Cape of Good Hope (Norwich is entitled ‘Nieuwe Kaart van Caap ½ ° too far north, also a common on a narrow strip of the interior of the unofficial journal, which would not admirable description of the country’.3 4 #214)5,one of which is an inset (Fig. 2b); der Goede Hoop in hare rechte error, while Cape Town’s latitude of west coast, along of the old ‘northern have included the official map.10 a plan of the built settlement; a sea jegenwoordige staat’ [New map of 34 ° 25’S is approximately ½ a degree highway’ described in some detail Although Kolbe’s book on the Cape chart from Saldanha Bay to False Bay; the Cape of Good Hope in its present too far south. The coastline, with its by Ernest Mossop.9 This part of the As described in Starrenburg’s was much more widely published, a plan of the VOC Garden and there state]. It covers an irregular triangle of exaggerated promontories and bays, northern Cape was not yet settled journal, the Tythouw River (today its credibility was questioned; is a prospect of the settlement and territory, the points of which are the was derived from VOC sources, most by the VOC; Valentijn obtained the the Langvleirivier – Long Lake River) nevertheless, the text seemed to surrounding mountains. The northern mouth of the Groen (Green) River about likely Caspar van Weede’s Chart from information from the VOC’s journals is shown on the map correctly to attract attention for a number of part of Valentijn’s larger map was the 225 km north of the settlement; Cape Saldanha Bay to FalseBay, which was of the expedition to Namaqualand led terminate in a salt pan a short distance years and was popular and influential. first published cartographic record Point in the south-west and Algoa Bay, more than seventy years old when by Simon van der Stel (in 1685 and 1686) from the sea.11-12 Van der Stel’s journal Balthazar Lakeman, who published of early VOC exploration in search almost 800 km to the east. An inset Valentijn’s book was published.8 and a shorter expedition by Johannes is clear that the Berg River discharges the posthumous Dutch edition of of riches in Monomotapa. The inset map of the south-western, settled Starrenburg (in 1705), both of which its waters into the sea at St. Heleens Kolbe’s book, copied Valentijn’s map provides detail of the south-western corner of the colony is in the top right Valentijn’s map also copies van Weede’s he included in the Beschryvinge.1-2 (Helena) Bay’. 13However, on Nieuwe within a year of the publication of the part of his map and was the first map corner of the page (infra). I have not grossly incorrect shape of Saldanha These journals were tightly held by Kaart, the river mouth is north of the Beschryvinge, which, arguably, was the in a book to record the eastward been able to determine the engraver of Bay (it should be more like the mirror- the VOC and Valentijn’s was their bay. Van der Stel’s map shows both the more reliable published treatise on the expansion of the colony beyond Table the map and inset; however, Valentijn image of an inverted L). The territory only publication before the twentieth correct shape of Saldanha Bay and also Cape of Good Hope. Mountain and the Liesbeeck River – had access to the VOC and its map east of False Bay was not well known century.10 Gilbert Waterson, who the correct location of the mouth of the Johannes Loots published an unbound makers. and the map reflects this. discovered the missing, official Van der Berg River.14 However, it is likely that map in ca 1698.6 Valentijn’s longitude of Cape Town was based on a misreading of 7 Serton ibid, I: p 11 9 Mossop, Ernest. Old Cape Highways. 11 Serton op. cit, p. 29 (of volume II). 3 Serton, ibid, p 7(volume I) 5 Stone, J, ed., ‘Norwich’s Maps of Africa’,. (Cape Town: Maskew Miller, 1927), pp. 117- Kolbe’s text (his cartographer read 8 Manuscript map 4.VEL 168 at the 12 3218AB Lambert’s Bay, 3 rd edition, Norwich VA: Terra Nova Press, 2005. 169 4 Theal, George McCall. ‘Catalogue of 1:50 000. Chief Directorate, Surveys and The Norwich collection is now in the 37 °55’ east of Tenerife as 37 ° 35’); Dutch National Archives, illustrated in Books and Pamphlets Relating to Africa Mapping, South Africa. The river drains to Department of Special Collections in the Brommer, Bea, ed., Grote Atlas van de 10 Waterhouse, Gilbert. Simon van South of the Zambesi. in the Collection Naauwkeurige land- en zee-kaart, van the Wadrifsoutpan (Wagon Drift Saltpan) library of Stanford University in the U.S.A. Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie. der Stel’s Journal of his expedition to of George McCall Theal’, Cape Town: T … Caap de Bonne Esperanc(a)’, IMCoS V Afrika. Voorburg (Netherlands), Atlas Namaqualand 1685 – 6 (London, New 13 Serton, op. cit., p 235 (volume I). Maskew Miller, 1912,p 320 6 Stewart, Roger, ‘Nieuwe en Journal 2014; 136: 13 – 20 Maior, 2009, pp. 64 – 65. The map is also York, Toronto: Longmans, Green, and No. 38 A in the Beschryvinge 1 , which is Company; Dublin: Hodges, Figgis and Co., 14 Glatigny, Pascal and Maré, Estelle, ‘A illustrated opposite p. 50 in Serton. 2 1932). p vii – xiii map and its copy of Governor Simon van

MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 18 HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY 19

neither the engraver nor Valentijn had seen Van der Stel’s map – and Valentijn had not travelled to either the bay or the river mouth.

Kaart van de Caap der Goede Hoop

The title of the inset (31.2 x 21.9 cm) implies the expansion of the Cape settlement towards the Stellenbosch region: Kaart van de Caap der Goede Hoop waar in aangetoond werden de Voornaamste Plaatzen met de Naamen van der zelver besitters [Map of the Cape of Good Hope in which are shown the prominent farms and the names of the settlers]. The map is a distorted enlargement of the south- western corner of the colony; it seems reasonable to conclude, in Valentijn’s defence, that he intended the inset to provide a pictorial representation Fig. 3 - Some critical errors (see above) that reflect Valentijn’s poor supervision of the eastward spread of farmer of the cartographer settlers, rather than an accurate geographical representation of the has some contradictions of his text Kaap der Goede Hoop [View of the region. Nevertheless, the toponyms and omissions, which suggest poor Cape of Good Hope].17 Presumably this are of historical importance: many of supervision of the cartographer. By transposition and anthropomorphic these early farms have retained their way of example, three unnecessary representation of Lion’s Head was a names to this day (e.g. Vergelegen, errors on Valentijn’s map, which he creative interpretation of Valentijn’s Meerlust and Elsenburg) and are now could have corrected, are illustrated in cartographer. Fig. 4 - Kolbe’s ‘Kaarte van de Kaap de Goede Hoop’ (1727) famous destinations for tourists and figure 3. wine lovers. Valentijn’s cartographic The title of Kolbe’s map is engraved In 1778, Tobias Conrad Lotter published Governor Simon van de Stel’s country influence in an open space where Valentijn had Promontorii Bonae Spei, which is a The inset and also the part of ‘Kaart estate, Constantia is located on placed his inset map (cfr. figure 2a and miniature inset that seems to have van de Caap’ from Saldanha Bay to the inset between Table and Lion Despite its flaws of geography and 4). The Kolbe/Lakeman map influenced been derived from Kolbe.21 Valentijn’s False Bay were modelled on and copied Mountains, instead of about 8 km time and even though superior maps the prolific Jacques Bellin who map also influenced the northern errors from the anonymous, undated south. The inset also shows a road that were to emerge,18 Valentijn’s map of commented on his map of the Cape: part of L.S. de la Rochette’s map of the Nieuwe Naauwkeurige Land- en Zee- starts between the Lion and Table the Cape of Good Hope met the needs ‘Cette carte est dressée sur celles de Cape of Good Hope that was published Kaart ... Begrypende de Sardanje-Bay Mountains, traverses impassable, of publishers and cartographers for Kolbe et sur quelques Manuscrits du between 1782 and 1838, first by William en de Caap de Bonne Esperanc. The mountainous terrain (not shown on more than a century! This influence depot des plans de la marine’ [This Faden and then by James Wyld.22 latter map was published ca 1698 by the map) and terminates at its junction was partly due to ‘Caarte van de Kaap map is based on those of Kolbe and on Johannes Loots.15 16 Valentijn’s map with the actual road from Cape Town, de Goede Hoop Leggended en’t zuyder a few manuscript of the French navy which curves via Rustenberg, to the gedeelte van Africa’ [Map of the Cape plan deposit]20. Bellin’s maps of the der Stel’s expedition to Namaqualand (1685): an enquiry into their visual values’, real Constantia estate. Valentijn had of Good Hope located in the southern Cape were widely distributed from South African Journal of Art History 2006, travelled on the latter road when he part of Africa] (Fig. 4) in the 1727 Dutch 1746 until 1781 and are readily available 21 (1), 104 – 113. Van der Stel’s map is figure visited Constantia. Inexplicably, the translation of Peter Kolbe’s book, by today. 1, which can be viewed at http://goo. Head and Rump of Lion’s Mountain Balthasar Lakeman; the Lakeman map gl/0xyuwL are transposed, i.e. the head is north was a poorly disguised direct copy of 15 ‘Nieuwe Naaukeurige Land-en Zee- of the rump, instead of south. The the southern part of Valentijn’s Nieuwe Kaart, van het voornaamste Gedeelte correct orientation is illustrated Kaart.19 der Kaffersche Kust, Begrypende de Goede Hoop’, Amsterdam: Lakeman, 1727 21 An inset on ‘Africae Pars Meridionalis cum Promontorio Bonae Spei. Sardanje-Bay en de Caap de Bonne elsewhere in the Beschryvinge: in 20 ‘Le Pays des Hottentots’ was published 17 Seton, op. cit., opposite p. 66 and p. 67 Accuratissime Delineato Opera Tobiae Esperanca met alle des Zelfs Plantazien’. De Kaap in Platte Grond [Lay-out or in Prévost d' Exile Antoine’s ’Histoire respectively. Conradi Lotter Georaphi Augustae The map is approximately 48 x 58 cm. It Génerale des Voyages’, Paris: Didot, 1746- Roger Stewart Plan of the Cape] and Gezicht van Vindelicorum’ in ‘Atlas géographique de seems the map was published ca. 1798 18 See note 6 1759. It was also published as ‘Il Paese by Johannes Loots.6 Serton refers to the cent et huit cartes’, 1778 Roger Stewart is the representative in Kaap der Goede Hoop’ [Four maps of the 19 Kolbe, Peter ‘Caarte van de Kaap de Degli Ottentotti ...’ in Bellin, Jacques map by its headline, ‘Nova et Accurata Cape of Good Hope]. Caert Thresoor: a. Goede Hoop Leggended en’t zuyder ‘Teatro della Guerra Maritime’, Venice, 22 Stewart, Roger. ‘De la Rochette’s map South Africa of the International Map Tabula Promontorii Bonae Spe’.2 5(4)(1986), 75 – 85; b. 6(2) (1987), 19 – 22; c. gedeelte van Africa’ in ‘Naaukeurige en 1781, which appears in the Italian edition of the Cape of Good Hope’, Collectors’ Society. 16 Scholte, Mieke. ‘Vier Kaarten van de 7(1)(1988) , 10 – 17 Uitvoerige Beschryvinge van de Kaap de of Bellin’s ‘Petit Atlas Maritime’. IMCoS Journal 2013; 132: 22 – 27

MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 20 HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY 21

After his marriage to Eleonora of on the development of better maps. Olivetan friar and cosmographer Toledo he cancelled his alliance with Cosimo I’s ancestors had bought and Miniato Pitti, with the Ptolemaic France, despite the already evident commissioned translations of major maps drawn by Egnazio Danti, of The Medici Family and cartography in accession of Catherine de Medici on literary books, including Ptolemy’s which he completed 30 up to 1575 (see the French throne. He sided with Geographia. In the 15th century figure 2), when he had to resign after the Spanish emperor Charles V, who Toscanelli and Vespucci contributed a clash with the local ecclesiastical Florence turned a blind eye to Cosimo’s plan to to the revival of astronomical and authorities. Shortly thereafter he was conquer most of the Tuscany region. geographical studies in Florence, invited by Pope Gregory III to Rome With his earlier conquest of other laying the basis for the new celestial to work on the maps of the papal city states, and the Republic of Siena and terrestrial cartography that, with apartments in the Vatican’s Third by Alex Smit after a long battle in 1555, he obtained the strong support by Cosimo I and Loggia (seen during our visit in May direct access to the sea and now Fernandino I and II, was to become a 2016). The other 23 maps were finished possessed several important harbours. real hallmark of the Medici family. in 1587 by the Olivetan friar Stefano His control over Pisa, Livorno and Buonsignori, a pupil of Pitti. All the Alex Smit Piombino, allowed Cosimo to become The Room of Geographical Maps in maps also show the typical flora and [email protected] a respectable maritime power. But, the Palazzo Vecchio fauna of the countries depicted. The to be able to participate in the very works were carried out over a period profitable international trade, he On Cosimo I’s request the famous of 23 years, but were delayed several In this article a few aspects of the and to constant wars with the large move, succeeded in 1537 (aged only needed to strengthen fortifications, painter and architect Giorgio Vasari times. Cosimo’s two sons, Francesco very long and fascinating reign of Vatican state headed by the Popes, 18) to be named as the head of the establish improved shipbuilding (1511-74) built, between 1555 and and Ferdinando, who followed him the Medici family will be covered, and with other Italian and imperial government after early deaths in war capabilities and to gain expertise 1574, the very impressive Palazzo after his death, authorized their regarding their impact of the foreign states, which were interested and assassinations of other family in fields of geography, navigation Vecchio (Old Palace) on the Piazza continuation and completion. development of cartography and in enlarging their territorial influence; members. Thereafter Florence started and nautical instruments. He also della Signoria in the old city’s very related sciences, which took place they were attracted by the city’s and a rather stable period of strong had to acquire additional staff with centre (over the previous walls of the primarily between the sixteenth and region’s incredible richness. During geographical expansion of its territory nautical military skills and practical Palace of the Priors). On the second the seventeenth centuries in Florence this period the Medici faced shifting with a long period of sustained experience in order to take part in the floor in the former loggia of this old and the Tuscany region of the Italian political fortunes several times and economic development and increasing lucrative trade with the East and West part the ‘Room of the Wardrobe’ was peninsula. With its very significant had to step down from power, even wealth. Cosimo emerged as the Grand Indies; but, as the Turkish fleet with constructed between 1562 and 1586, support of sciences, the dynasty of with an exile, but they always managed Duke with unchallenged power ( see Barbarossa and North African pirates with two levels of doors with closets in the Medici created a lasting impact to return. Their initial ascension to figure 1). then reigned over the Mediterranean which were stored Cosimo I’s scientific in Europe, of which a major part is power and Renaissance splendour and terrorized populations, their treasures. This room was renamed still available for perusing in the with Cosimo the Elder (1389–1464) and impact needed to be reduced. the ‘Room of the Geographical Maps’ libraries and museums in Florence and Lorenzo the Magnificent (1449–92) (see cover) after the oil painting of Fig. 3 - Globe by Egnazio Danti elsewhere. followed an ever complex governing of Cosimo took a few very important 53 maps of the world on the wooden the city during the extended conflicts initiatives in 1562: the institution of door panels. The planning of the The emergence of the Medici family between the Guelphs (backed by the the Maritime Order of the Knights of decoration was first started by the In the centre of the Room stands a very Pope) and Ghibellines (supporting the Saint Stephen, tasked with defending large globe with a diameter of over two During the 14th to the 18th centuries Swabian emperor). The guilds became the Tyrrhenian coast against the metres, completed by Egnazio Danti this most prestigious family ruled a very strong political entity, forming Saracen raids; the appointment of the in 1571 (figure 3 ). This globe and his Florence and Tuscany. By frequent a new middle class, but the perpetual Dominican friar Egnazio Danti as his maps are based on the Geographia of marriages with members of a large strife and conspiracies between the cosmographer to update and enrich his Ptolemy (2nd century CE) with updates. number of important European noble families in Florence negatively scarce cartographic material; and the The other 23 maps, with the recent courts they were able to exert a major impacted trade and life. During development of Livorno as a free port ones of the New World, were made influence on the European continent. this period the Medici had gained with naval shipyards, nautical schools by using both published sources, A vivid example of this is the reign wealth and prominence as traders and a centre for the development of such as from Ortelius, Battista of Catherine de Medici (1519–89) as and bankers, but their civic power nautical charts and instruments. So Ramusio and Giacomo Gastaldi, and Queen of France. The fabulous art remained limited. Early on there were far Rome, Genoa and Venice were the still unpublished maps, such as the collections of the Medici and their two separate branches in the family. most important centres of cartography nautical planisphere of Bartolomeo support of the advancement of science in the Italian peninsula with only Velho on four sheets produced in 1561, created a lasting impact. This family The reign of Cosimo I de' Medici a few well-known map-makers in now exhibited in the Galileo Museum. of modest origins from the Appenine the Tuscany region. Already in the The ceiling shows 12 large squares valley of Mugello near Florence (one The Medici were able to have had 15th century several geographers, with 4 panels each of the celestial of the many independent ‘city states’ nominated several popes from such as Nicolò Niccoli, Paolo Pozzo constellations, but these were never of that time) was, due to the failure their family, earning much prestige Toscanelli (also a scientific mentor completed. Vasari described this of its government in its democratic and popular support. The young to Columbus), Francesco Lapaccini, project as ‘a capriccio and invention by Fig. 1 - A portrait of the Grand Duke Fig. 2 - Map of Scandinavia made by experiments, able to seize power. This Duke Cosimo I (1519-74) was raised Nicolò Cusano and the Dane, Cosimo I to be able to see all the maps Cosimo I made in the workshop of the Egnazio Danti, in the Palazzo Vecchio’s was due, also, to its internal divisions outside Florence and, in a very clever painter Agnolo Bronzino around 1560 Claudio Clausson Swart, impacted ‘Room of the Geographical Maps’) and the skies together, without errors

MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 22 HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY 23

Fig. 6 - Nautical mappamundi in four sections by Lopo Homem of ca 1554 displayed in the Galileo Museum, Florence,

MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 24 HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY 25 and to see and measure them’. Cosimo Grand Duke and he and his successors was impressed with the dominating strongly supported scientific activity. Cosimo I started to collect portolan Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) Amerigo Vespucci (1454-1512) position in Europe of the Spanish King Their reign ended with the unification charts from the Portuguese Charles V and he wanted to replicate of Italy in 1861. cartographers Bartolomeo Velho It is rather difficult to classify Galileo. This explorer is most known as the him in prestige. He asked to insert (1586), such as his nautical planisphere Without doubt he was an extremely first European to understand that in the Room of the Maps the motto This beautifully decorated Museum on four panels of 1554; and from intelligent and brilliant person, who the lands discovered by Christopher ‘Kosmos kosmou kosmos’ which, by shows over 1300 precious items, of Lopo Homem on four panels of 1554 acquired a universal knowledge in Columbus did not form part of Asia, a wordplay with his name and the which the core was collected and (figure 6 - centrefold). Homem, on a very wide range of different arts but were a so far unknown new Greek word of universe, meant ‘The developed during the reigns of his mappamundi of 1519, was the and sciences. Later in his life he continent. The cartographer Martin Grand Duke Cosimo I honours the the Grand Dukes Cosimo I and of first to show a connection between even enjoyed epithets such as the Waldseemüller (with Matthias world and the world him’; or, in other Ferdinando I. The emphasis is on the Atlantic and the Indian Oceans, ‘Tuscan Archimedes’ and the ‘Divine Ringmann) used the name ‘America’ words, that the world is of Cosimo I. navigational and military sciences. Fig. 5 - The Globe room in the Galileo illustrating the change in perception Mathematician’. Early in his life he for this New World for the first time After his marriage gave him many From Galileo himself are on display Museum, of the world in the Middle Ages from was known as a writer, musician (figure 8). children, in 1560 Cosimo moved to the his telescope, a geometric compass an oceanic view (the world surrounded and philosopher, but as of the age of vastly extended Pitti Palace on the and the lens he used to discover transportation to Madrid but well by water) to a terrestrial theory, as 40 he became much better known Arno river’s left bank, and ordered Jupiter’s moons. A centrepiece of restored and donated by the King to expressed by Ptolemy in his Geography as a mathematician and a very able the Palace to be linked to the Palazzo the exhibits is the ‘Armillary Globe the Escorial Monastery. It is now in the which became the widely-adopted craftsman. He taught mathematics Vecchio by the Vasari corridor. The or Sphere’ of Antonio Santucci, also Biblioteca Municipal de El Escorial in Renaissance view. Also shown is a for many years. During 1609 and Palazzo Vecchio and also the Galleria called the ‘Universal Machine of the Madrid. Other celestial and terrestrial nautical atlas of Giovanni Oliva (1616). 1610 he undertook an intense study degli Uffizi were henceforth used as World’, which he started in 1588 and globes displayed in the Globe On a wall is displayed a copy of the of the Moon, Sun and planets with seats of the government and the ducal finished around 1593 (figure 4). This Room (figure 5) are from Vincenzo large mappamundi of Fra Mauro of unprecedented observations and administration. Other maps were exceptional globe, covered with pure Coronelli (a globe pair from the end Venice (1457–59). deductions, such as discovering the painted for the Pitti Palace. gold, stands in the centre of the Globe of the 17th century), Willem Blaeu, moons of Jupiter. He succeeded in Cosimo died in 1574 and his son, Room. Measuring over 3 metres in Jodocus Hondius , Matthäus Greuter, This Museum was heavily damaged being hired by the Medici in 1610 Fig. 8 - 'Amerigo Vespucci on the Ferdinando I, very much interested in diameter, it illustrates the complexity Guillaume Delisle, Charles-François by the severe flooding of the Arno in on his skills in philosophy and, Waldseemüller map of 1507 ( detail of the arts, commissioned the painting of the Cosmos centred on the Earth, in Delamarche, John Cary and Johannes the autumn of 1966, with the water interestingly, not as a scientist. He was the full map on page 27)'. of other maps by Ludovico Buti on the line with the concepts of Aristotle and Klinger. Santucci was a professor of reaching over four metres high on the known as an extremely knowledgeable walls of the Mathematics Room in the Ptolemy. mathematics at the University of Pisa ground floor; but its collections were person, but very critical and not Vespucci was born into a notary’s Galeria degli Uffizi. almost all saved and subsequently the always appreciated by his peers and family in Florence; his uncle Giorgio building and collections were restored. in frequent conflict with the church. Vasari, a Dominican monk, owned Museo Galileo He had a major influence on the a large library and took care of The nearby Biblioteca Nazionale development of improved instruments Amerigo’s education. Emphasis was This Museum (formerly the ‘Institute Centrale houses a major collection of for navigation and observation for placed on classical literature and and Museum of the History of books and geographical maps made geography and his collection of the sciences, such as astronomy, Science’), founded in 1930 and housed during the reign of the Medici, which instruments is now in the Museo cosmography and geography. Ptolemy on two floors in the Palazzo Castellano can be consulted. (figure 7). This Galileo. and Aristotle were covered in depth. on the river Arno was, following Library was much developed when Amerigo was very impressed with its complete re-structuring and its Florence became the capital for a short Alexander the Great’s writings of his eventual reopening in 2010, renamed period after the unification of Italy. voyages. He also studied with Paolo ‘Galileo Museum’. The International Toscanelli, director of San Marco Year of Astronomy in 2009 was 400 convent’s Library, one of the most years since Galilei Galileo (1564–1642) important specialists and collectors made his first astronomical discoveries of geographic maps at that time. The with his telescope. In 2014 the Museum Vespucci and Medici families were celebrated the 450th anniversary of close. After further studies in Pisa, his birth. The Museum’s name change Amerigo was allowed to work in the was made for easier reference and diplomatic service of the Duke in communication and to highlight the Paris, at the Court in Florence and in very prominent place of Galileo’s 1492 as a commercial agent for them heritage in its collections. It houses Fig. 4 - The Armillary Sphere representing the world by Antonio in Seville, Spain. During the rest Santucci (around 1593) on display in the Globe Room of the Galileo the collections assembled during the Museum in Florence. of his life Amerigo worked for the reigns of the Medici, which ended Courts of Portugal and Castille, while with the death of Gian Gastone in 1737, maintaining a regular contact with the who died without a successor, and In 1582 Santucci had built a much between 1599 and 1612 and also worked Grand Dukes in Florence. In Seville he that of the Habsbourg-Lorraine, who smaller version, offered by Ferdinando for the Grand Duke Ferdinando I met with Christopher Columbus and became the new rulers by succession. I to the Spanish king Philip II. This in Rome, when the latter was still a Fig. 7 - World-map depicting the voyage around the world by they became friends. He joined him on Then Francis Stephen became the new globe was badly damaged during its cardinal. Magellan made by Battista Agnese in ca. 1540 which is in the very his second voyage and also became a rich collection of the Biblioteca Nazionale Centrale of Florence. captain of one of the ships that sailed

MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 26 HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY HISTORY AND CARTOGRAPHY 27

to the New World. He wrote many the capture of Cadiz and inherited the history of cartography. He also letters about these travels, but the lack the estate from his father; but, carried a wide collection of navigation Cooperation on digital library of of accurate ship records continues despite much effort during the period instruments with him from England to create confusion about the exact 1603 to 1605, he was unsuccessful in and over time developed many others number of voyages and destinations inheriting his title. Because of his less in Tuscany, part of which are now on Waldseemüller map visited. Benefitting from his acceptable social behaviour he was display in the Galileo Museum. intelligence and excellent education, forced to leave England. He readily he was able to play a major role in found a new existence in Tuscany as an Over the past centuries the vast the documentation and distribution engineer, shipbuilder and geographer: collections of cartographic, of information throughout Europe first for the Grand Duke Ferdinando astronomical and navigational on his voyages and the new lands I and later also for Ferdinando II. treasures of the Medici/Lorraine discovered. Columbus never admitted These welcomed his wide experience families were dispersed and even to have discovered a New Continent and assigned him many projects, partially lost. Fortunately a large and he ended his life in disgrace by the such as the reinforcement of the part was kept in Florence and Spanish Court. port of Livorno, draining swamps, surroundings, but spread out between The Galileo Museum in Florence (Italy) and designing and building new ships and many museums and libraries, such as the Library of Congress in Washington Admiral Sir Robert Dudley developing improved instrumentation the Museo Galileo, Palazzo Vecchio, DC (USA) have developed together a new and mapping. Between 1620 and Palazzo Pitti, Biblioteca Nazionale initiative with an experimental digital Ferdinando I was very fortunate to 1630 Dudley wrote his memoirs of Centrale, Galleria degli Uffizi, library, via a website, with details of the very be able to enlist the services of Sir navigation and seamanship, which Biblioteca Riccardiana, Biblioteca famous map on which the name America Robert Dudley in 1605. He became very he used later as a basis for his Medicea Laurenziana, Biblioteca appeared for the first time. This map entitled important for him in the development monumental six-volume ‘Dell’Arcano Moreniana, Biblioteca Marucelliana, ‘Universalis Cosmographia ...’, by the young of the ducal navy and as very valuable del Mare’ [the Secret of the Sea] Istituto Geografico Militare, etc. These geographer Waldseemüller, was part of an source of information on the New published by himself in 1646-47. collections are beautiful but their updated edition of the geography treatise World and the European powers. This comprehensive treatise of wide dispersion is rendering a good of Ptolemy published under the direction Robert Dudley (1574–1649) was an navigation, shipbuilding, astronomy overview rather complex and very time of Gauthier Lud in Saint - Dié, a small town English explorer and cartographer and cartography, also included the consuming. in the Vosges area of Lorraine, now part of The map of the New Continent and the Atlantic by Waldseemüller of 1507, 1 and an illegitimate son of Robert very first sea atlas of the entire world, eastern France. showing for the first time the name ‘America’ Dudley, 1 st Earl of Leicester. Between including 130 maps of his own design My sincere thanks go to Prof. Filippo 1594 and 1597 he had made several engraved by the Florentine baroque Camerota, Deputy Director of the This map was printed in 1507, based on information continent. Thus Waldseemüller honoured Vespucci instead expeditions to the newly discovered style engraver Antonio Francesco Galileo Museum, responsible for its collected by Amerigo Mateo Vespucci from four expeditions of Columbus, by calling this new continent ‘America’ (from continent – to Brazil, the West Indies Lucini, who spent twelve years to collections. His valuable advice and to the new continent in which he participated, and later ‘Americus’, the latinised version of Amerigo); this name was and New England. He also made a prepare the plates. Later engravers direction in my search for this article organised between 1497 and 1504. Two voyages were under subsequently adopted by other geographers. voyage to China. He was knighted by chose a different style, so that Dudley’s was much appreciated. the Spanish and Portuguese flags, but some doubt and the English Crown for his conduct in work became unique and rare in discussions continue between scholars whether all four This map is the only known exemplar remaining from a were really made. There is no doubt though that he really print-run of 1000 copies. After having been considered set foot in the New World. lost for several centuries, it was discovered only in 1901 by the Jesuit and cartographer Joseph Fischer in the Library Vespucci was born in Florence in 1454 and moved to Seville of a castle in Baden-Württemberg. Composed of twelve in 1492 to find a new commercial representative following separate sheets, its total joined size is 138 x 238 cm. The a request by the court of the Florentine Medici family; he Library of Congress acquired the map in 2003 for display in died there in 1512. In Seville he also met and became friends Washington DC. with Christopher Colombus. Waldseemüller remembered that Vespucci, in a letter of 1503 covering one of his voyages, The map can be consulted on the Museo Galileo website (in mentioned for the very first time that he had visited a Italian): http://mostre.museogalileo.it/waldseemuller/ ‘Mundus Novus’ (a New World). Similar information can be found on the website of the His letter claimed he was the first known person to Library of Congress. recognize publicly that this newly discovered land was not a part of Asia, but a so far unknown continent. Until his https://www.loc.gov/item/2003626426/ death Christopher Columbus remained convinced that he had been navigating between the islands of Asia. He died in disgrace and poverty without recognition that he really was the very first person to have put foot on this new Alex Smit 1 More historical background on Waldseemüller and the Fig. 9 - 'Map of the Adriatic sea - 1661' by Robert Dudley from Dudley's Arcano del ‘Gymnase Vosgien’ can be found in the article by Monique [email protected] Mare (B. Ruderman collection) Pelletier published in BIMCC Newsletter No 27… ten years ago!

MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 28 INTERVIEW INTERVIEW 29

Where are they now?

For some time we have been talking about catching up with our previous ‘How how elements from earlier landscapes Drawing the Line’ (4 November 2016 British War Office Archive digitisation I got into Cartography’ interviewees. contributed to the heritage of later - 1 March 2017) at the British Library project whereby the British Library periods, taking two case study areas which they had started gearing up for has catalogued, conserved and in the UK and Belgium. Her aim is in 2015. If you visited the exhibition digitised over 550 military intelligence to use a broad range of methods to you will have seen that whereas that maps and associated documents from Rest assured they have been very busy since ‘Maps in History’ spoke to them identify ancient landscape features book was a chronological journey the War Office Archive relating to the last. Read the latest from Soetkin, Tom and Emmanuelle ... and to understand the chronological through the century, the exhibition former British East Africa – modern relationships between them, one took a thematic approach. The visitor - day Kenya, Uganda and adjacent method being the study of historic passed through five ‘zones’ which parts of Tanzania, Burundi, Rwanda, maps. placed together maps associated with DR Congo, South Sudan, Ethiopia Interviews by Nicola Boothby topics such as war, peace, movement, and Somalia. The archive comprises money. Around 200 maps were on topographical ‘compilation material’, in the Commission’s activities and study. One of her main assignments is display, taken from the Library’s built up and maintained by the War was appointed as their executive to locate excavation sites on a variety collection of more than four million. It Office for making and revising maps, secretary in 2015. In October 2016 of city maps dating from the Middle was global in coverage, from the ocean together with material created in the Commission organised its most Ages up until recent times to gain a floor into outer space, and celebrated the course of map production. The recent International Symposium in better insight into the chronology of maps in their widest diversity from maps were created between 1890 Dubrovnik. The two main events for the sites and to help determine the paper map and atlases, to map clothes, and 1940, and show the region as it 2017 are a Workshop at the Library of archaeological potential they still ceramics, medals and digital imagery. was immediately before and during Congress in Washington DC at the end have. She is also working on a number The exhibition book was published the colonial era. Ranging from small of June and a Symposium on Mapping of thematic historic atlases for the in November, and there was a series sketch maps made by intelligence Asia in Leiden in September. city centre including one on the city’s Tom Harper of cartographic-related events, and a officers in situ, through surveyors’ Soetkin Vervust convents and one on its fortifications. map website with a selection of articles field sheets to cartographers’ fair Last November she also started a new MiH 49 – May 2014 with images. drawings, most of the items are unique MiH 44 - September 2012 job at the Archaeology Department of This coming autumn she will start a In addition staff of the British Library manuscripts, or short-run prints the Brussels-Capital Region. She really Marie Curie postdoctoral research Tom Harper, curator of antiquarian including Nick Dykes and Crispin (often further annotated) made for Soetkin was our very first interviewee enjoys working there because the project at Newcastle University (UK), in maps at the British Library, described Jewitt have been busy working on limited distribution internal use. for the How I Got Into Cartography job combines her research interests collaboration with the Free University his role there as an ‘access point’ a number of projects including the column. At the time she was a PhD in archaeology and geography and of Brussels (ULB). She’s going to to the collections, a rather low-key student doing research into Ferraris’ allows her to fully exploit the skills investigate how cultural landscapes expression for a very wide-ranging Carte de Cabinet at Ghent University. she acquired throughout her years of were formed over the long term, and and rather important job. He needs to Her research was scheduled to know what is in the full breadth of the continue until October 2015... so what huge collection, and where to access has she been doing since ‘Maps in it if required. In the summer of 2015 History’ spoke to her last? your writer was privileged to be on the receiving end of a lively session at She tells us that she is happy to report the Library entitled ‘Mapping and its that she successfully defended her PhD Audiences during the first half of the thesis on the Ferraris Maps in June 20th century’ – described by another 2016. Maps in History No 57 included an participant as ‘entertaining and article that summarises some of her inspiring’ – as part of the London Rare most important research findings. Books School course Mapping Land & Sea before 1950. When the Newsletter While working at Ghent University she spoke to him in 2014 he was on the also participated in the organisation point of publishing a book. So what’s of several conferences, one of which been happening since then? was the 5th International Symposium of the ICA Commission on the History In October 2014 ‘A History of the 20th of Cartography, which was organised century in 100 maps’ – co-authored jointly with the Map Circle in Ghent with Tim Bryars – was published. The in December 2014. Ever since then Map of Brussels by Lefebvre d’Archambault (1774) on which the modern parcel book was the basis for the exhibition she has become actively involved structure, buildings, road network, and remnants of the convents of the Rich Clares Maps and the Twentieth Century: Exhibition poster of Maps and the Twentieth Century: and Black Sisters (orange) are indicated. Drawing the Line: 4 November 2016 - 1 March 2017, British LIbrary, London

MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 30 INTERVIEW BRUSSELS MAP CIRCLE NEWS 31

The Brussels Map Circle Annual activity report March 2016 - April 2017

The following activity report has been presented to the Annual General Meeting on 22 April 2017. The report of that meeting will be published in the September issue of Maps in History (MiH).

1. The Executive Committee held four meetings. Among the most important items we focused on in this peri- od, were the finances of the Circle (with particular focus on, and attention given to, our sponsors), which led to the decision to raise the membership fee (for the first time ever) to EUR 40.00 . Other important items were the Emmanuelle Vagnon made several contributions on portolan excursion to Rome; the further fine-tuning of the making, printing and sending of the MiH; the searching and Emmanuelle Vagnon maps for the book 'Cartes Marines' published by BnF in 2012 finding (!) helping hands for the excursion and news gathering; and sending the latter to our members.

MiH 50 – September 2014 the other in LAMOP. If you went to This year has so far seen the 2. AGM and MAPAF 12 March 2016 the exhibition you may have seen an publication of a book written for the The AGM tackled the usual Agenda items, focusing on the Circle and its finances. When we last spoke to Emmanuelle extract from the first article which was most part together with Eric Vallet: For the second time the former Map Evening was replaced, for practical reasons, by the Map Afternoon or MAPAF. Vagnon, a researcher at LAMOP, printed for the exhibition, and you may La Fabrique de l'Océan Indien. Cartes As we managed to receive the aid of the Map Section of the KBR, this resulted in an even more interesting event the Laboratoire de Médiévistique have caught up with her presenting d'Orient et d'Occident (Antiquité-XVIe than before, with a couple of rare maps from their collection: review in MiH 55. Occidentale de Paris, the Paris Centre her research at her poster session at siècle) [The Making of the Indian Ocean. for Western Medieval Studies, part of the 26th International Conference on Maps from East and West (Antiquity- 3. Excursion May 2016 the CNRS, the French National Centre the History of Cartography in Antwerp 16th century)], Paris, Publications de la The excursion to Rome was of course the highlight of the year. As we have extensively reported on this in MiH 56, for Scientific Research, she was doing that July. Sorbonne, 2017; see ‘Looks at Books’ there is no need to repeat this here, except to say that it was a truly unique event, exceeding everyone’s expecta- research into an illustrated portolan in this issue, page 12. The book, richly tions. from about A.D. 1500. Her research In June 2016 as a member of the illustrated, retraces the history of was based in Paris, but she thought she ISHMap and a specialist in portolan the map-making of the Indian Ocean 4. Conference 10 December 2016 Instruments and globes might have to go to Italy or the British charts, Emmanuelle was at the two since Antiquity and deals with the This conference was a little different, in that many of the speakers were ‘homegrown’ Circle members, who did an excellent job, and that we even got the visit of a Belgian Minister, to decorate one of the said speakers: read MiH 57 Library for further research. conferences in Lisbon in June 2016: circulation of knowledge, mapping for the account. the ISHMap conference: Encounters traditions and images of the East. She has been pretty busy since then! and translations – Mapping and writing It compares the conception and the 5. ‘Maps in History’ the waters of the world at the National representation of this maritime area The preparation and publication of our magazine again absorbed a large proportion of our resources. The three In 2015 Emmanuelle was a member of Library of Portugal, and the first though different cultures and time- issues published over the year reached a record total size of 140 pages! the scientific team which prepared international workshop: On the origin periods: Greek, Latin, Arab, Persian, the cartography exhibition in Izmir, and evolution of portolan charts, at the Indian, Chinese, Turk, Portuguese and 6. WhatsMap? Turkey: ‘French and Ottoman Navy Museum. She also went to Cyprus Dutch, Mongol, ... until the end of the Last but not least, the Circle realized a wish that had been living for a while but couldn’t be materialized by the cartography of the Dardanelles and the to present a paper on portolan charts 16th century. lack of helping hands (see point 1): an electronic newsletter that could inform our members much faster and in a Bosphorus (17th to 19th centuries)’, plus in October. The same month also more contemporary way about news and events. This resulted in sending out WhatsMap? for the first time in the the catalogue which was published saw her organise – together with her As we see, there’s never a dull moment weeks before the AGM. together with the French Institute colleagues in Albi (southern France) on the world of cartography! Caroline De Candt for Anatolian Studies, Istanbul. In Jocelyne Deschaux, Sandrine Victor [email protected] December she presented the project at and Thibault Courcelle – a conference Look out for a further ‘catchup’ in a our Map Circle conference in Brussels to follow up a research seminar at few Maps in History’s time! Mapping the Ottoman Empire. University Paris 1. This conference in Making Maps in History Albi worked under the theme On the Also that year Emmanuelle finished scale of the world. The map as a cultural, This issue of Maps of History was coordinated and her study of the illustrated portolan – social and political object from Antiquity edited by Jean-Louis Renteux. Paul De Candt did the which was exhibited at the exhibition to the present day (see report in MiH 57). lay-out on the basis of a design by David Raes. at the Château Royal at Blois held to Last year also saw her presenting her mark the 500th anniversary of the work in Paris and Leuven. accession of Francis I – and wrote Contents have been checked by the Editorial Com- two articles on it: one published in mittee comprising Wulf Bodenstein, Nicola Boothby, Lisette Danckaert, Karen De Coene, Francis Herbert the ‘Orbis disciplinae: Hommages en Nicola Boothby l'honneur de Patrick Gautier Dalché’, and Pierre Parmentier. [email protected]

MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 32 BRUSSELS MAP CIRCLE NEWS INTERNATIONAL NEWS 33

International Conference International News 9 December 2017, 3D globes ... in Germany Early maps of Indonesia The access to unique and historically valuable cultural Draft programme treasures, such as ancient maps, which are preserved A research project is being launched at the Free State of in libraries, archives or museums, is strictly restricted. Thuringia and Friedrich Schiller University Jena (FSU): Even researchers rarely have the chance to actually 'Digital Culture and Collection Management in 3D'. The handle, illuminate and examine them from all sides. project will be supported over the next three years with funding, to a total of almost one million euros, from the Once more the Conference will take place in the framework of the multicultural festival Europalia, which is To overcome these drawbacks and allow research to European Fund for Regional Development (EFRD), the devoted, this year, to Indonesia. progress, good quality copies and facsimiles of the most FSU and various local institutions. At this conference, you will hear speakers who will paint a broad overview of the mapping of Indonesia from the valuable maps have progressively been made available 16th century on: the European nations involved and their motifs, the most important mapmakers and the most and, thanks to digitalisation, made accessible on the In a pilot study, Dr Christoph of FSU's Ernst-Haeckel- iconic maps. The speakers greatly reflect these nations: Portuguese, Dutch and British (but Indonesia-based). internet. Haus will measure historical globes, starting with one from 1515. It belonged to mathematician and astron- We follow a chronological line, starting with the Portuguese explorers and their maps, with attention paid to The problem with globes is more delicate, since they are omer Johannes Schöner and is now in the Duchess some contemporary, non-Portuguese mapmakers. We then continue with the other European explorers and by definition three-dimensional objects and are not so Anna Amalia Library in Weimar. This terrestrial globe mapmakers who mapped the region. Given the importance of the Dutch both for the history of Indonesia and for easily reproduced in two dimensions. But technological of around 30 centimetres in diameter came from that of mapmaking, two Dutch speakers will highlight this. They will start by sketching the general picture of the presence of Dutch mapmakers in Batavia, where the VOC (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie – the Dutch United progress is now making possible also to examine 3D Wittenberg to Jena with the 'Bibliotheca Electoralis' of East India Company) had its headquarters and then continue on a more pointed and controversial issue: that of virtual reproductions. the University's founder, Johann Friedrich I. Some cen- the (supposed?) secrecy of the VOC maps. turies later, Archduke Carl August of Sachsen-Weimar- ... in France Eisenach arranged for 1. Short overview of Indonesian history (1580-1950) his minister, Johann Putting early cartography into perspective In 2015, fifty-five ancient terrestrial and celestial Wolfgang von Goethe, - Hans D. Kok, retired KLM B-747 pilot and manager, Chairman IMCoS (London, UK) globes among the finest of the collection of the to bring the globe to 2. It is not our intention to go farther on from here. The Portuguese voyages to the Spice Islands and the first National Library of France (BnF) were scanned by the Weimar, where it has European maps and sketches of Southeast Asia, 1512-ca 1550 Japanese Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd (DNP) as part of a been kept to this day. It ‘sponsorship of competence’. DNP met this technological was examined by, among Our purpose is to present an overview of the Portuguese cartography of the Indonesian archipelago between the maps and sketches drawn by Francisco Rodrigues in the aftermath of the first Portuguese expedition to challenge by optimising its know-how in the digitisation others, Alexander von the Moluccas in 1511-12 and the 1554 world map by Lopo Homem. We will cross some references regarding of works of art, to make pictures of a remarkable Humboldt, when he coeval Spanish and French cartography, identifying the political and historical contexts of elaboration of each compliance with the originals down to the last detail, stopped off in Weimar in of these series of maps. and to guarantee a great fluidity and legibility of the December 1826. - Francisco Roque de Oliveira, Centre for Geographical Studies, IGOT-Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal entire zoomable area. The extraordinary quality of these digital renditions in 3D of the BnF’s globes could Dr Christoph says that 3. How the search for the Spice Islands unrolled the map of the World. be appreciated during a demonstration given in March the main aim of his 3D Providing a general overview of his book The cartography of the East Indian Islands - Insulae Indiae Orientalis, at the ‘Maison de la culture japonaise’ in Paris. These project is 'to make such the author will describe the importance of the search for the Spice Islands, the Holy Grail of the majority of 3D globes are now all available online on Gallica: http:// treasures accessible to the great Renaissance voyages of exploration, in opening up the world and promoting the mapping of the gallica.bnf.fr/html/und/cartes/globes a wide public, present same. them in an up-to-date - David Parry, Soil Scientist, Environmental Development Consultant and Curator, Indonesia fashion, and make Digital Globes portal under 4. Local exploration highlights in the days of the Dutch United East India Company (VOC) them available for development at the Friedrich scientific investigation'. Schiller University Jena (FSU) An overview from the exploration of the archipelago from Batavia, including the travels to Australia/New Creating such a 'virtual Zealand (Tasman) and Japan (Maarten Gerritsz. Vries), with some explanation about the map production of the Renaissance' requires, in addition to the scanning Dutch East India Company (the VOC) technology, appropriate means of saving and presenting - Hans D. Kok, retired KLM B-747 pilot and manager, Chairman IMCoS (London, UK) the 3D data. Developing these facilities is a further aim 5. Confidential or commercial? The conflicting interests within the Blaeu and Van Keulen mapmaker families. of the joint endeavour. Future users should be able to obtain a maximum amount of information about the For two periods, the office of VOC mapmaker was in the hands of two well-known map publishing families: the Blaeus (1633-1705) and the Van Keulens (1743-1799). Although the VOC mapmakers had to swear secrecy, it cultural assets within a minimum period of time. What is open to question to what extent VOC cartography was considered confidential. How did the Blaeu and Van is more: such data can also be used to create accurate Keulen families reconcile the role of official VOC mapmakers with their activities as commercial publishers? replicas of the objects through 3D printing, so that they Was there a conflict of interest between their commercial activities and their commitment to the VOC? can actually be handled. - Martijn Storms, Curator of maps and atlases, Leiden University Library, The Netherlands Further information: www.ehh.uni-jena.de Venue : Royal Library of Belgium, Mont des Arts / Kunstberg Terrestrial Globe of R. de Vaugondy 1773 at the BNF Or contact: [email protected] Boulevard de l’Empereur 4 / Keizerslaan 4 - 1000 Brussels (near the Central Station) de France and scanned by DNP Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. [2015]

MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 34 INTERNATIONAL NEWS INTERNATIONAL NEWS 35

At 75, Prof. Günter Schilder Maggiolo Planisphere: has a new baby! 'A jewel of the cartographer's

Just prior to his art' 75th birthday on 18 Tefaf (The European Fine Art Fair), the world's pre-emi- February 2017, Prof. nent art, antiques and design fair, takes place each year in Dr. G.G.R. Schilder March at the Maastricht Exhibition and Conference Centre sent this message (MECC). This year's 30th Tefaf opened its official webpage around: ‘Papa Günter with the depiction of a magnificent cartographic item: the is proud to announce Vesconte Maggiolo Planisphere of 1531. the birth of his new This extraordinary manuscript has come available for sale baby! Weight: 3.9 at Tefaf, by Daniel Crouch Rare Books, for the incredible kg. ... Name: Early price of EUR 10 000 000. Dutch Maritime Cartography. Described by Crouch as 'A jewel of the cartographer's art', this is a monumental early 16th-century portolan chart in Papa and baby are pen and ink with lapis lazuli, heightened in silver and gold, doing well. Visit and on six sheets of vellum joined, dimensions 935 x 2055 mm, inspection at home signed and dated 8 November 1531. It is the first known are welcome.’ existing map to outline North America’s eastern coast; one of the earliest illustrations of Verrazano's first voyage; and Planisphere by Vesconte Maggiolo (1531) This new baby brings his total production to well over the first voyage of discovery under French auspices. 15 000 pages and 150 kg! Among his numerous publications, The richly decorated planisphere graphically summarises the series ‘Monumenta Cartographica Neerlandica’ is the negotiations between the two Iberian super powers of certainly his Opus Magnum (see the review of Volume VIII Portugal and Spain and the conflict between the houses of This fascinating item, one of 2017’s Tefaf’s unexpected Floria Benavides in BIMCC Newsletter, No 32). Prof. Schilder has held his Habsburg and Valois. treasures, is still for sale: don’t miss it! [email protected] Chair in Historic Cartography for over 25 years at Utrecht University (until 2007) and acted as a catalyst in many ways In its historical perspective this chart must be viewed as in his field, particularly with the ‘Explokart’ project which both an 'icon of the Age of discovery' and a draft for peace allows a high turn-over of research, executed by volunteer between Habsburg Spain and Valois France. researchers, who are trained first at the University, The 1494 demarcation line established by the Treaty of complete their field work in small groups and prepare Tordesillas is evident, as are the flags and territories the results for publication under academic guidance and claimed by Portugal, Spain and France. control. Monumental planispheres were the favourite format for Prof. Schilder needs no further documenting new territorial possessions during the Age of introduction to our members Discovery and no papal approval could be valid without one. Antiquariaat as he has been a Speaker at our Drawn by the cartographer Vesconte Maggiolo, one of Antiquariaat Conferences in 2002, and in 2006 the best known Italian 16th century chart-makers, this (when he spoke on ‘The development 1531 example was apparently unknown until 1983 and Sanderus of Dutch maritime cartography, undocumented until 1996. Its large size, together with its Plantijn 1530-1630’), and he was Chairman artistic decoration, indicates that it was commissioned F. Devroe at the 2007 milestone Conference by someone from the elite who remains unknown; but it D.R. Duncker in the Royal Library on ‘Formatting clearly shows the claims of both the rival powers of Spain Prof. Schilder Europe – Mapping a Continent’. Quite and France. Old maps, atlases and prints Old maps, prints, atlases and illustrated addressing the a few of our members - including Particularly interesting is the presence of the legendary books. BIMCC in 2006 our two Honorary Presidents - have Mountains of the Moon, the traditional source of the Nile, in Nederkouter 32, 9000 Gent Ginnekensmarkt 5, 4835 JC Breda had the privilege of attending his Africa; it includes a depiction of the Tree of Knowledge thus Tel +32 (0)9 223 35 90 winter courses on the History of Cartography at Utrecht identifying the Mountains of the Moon with the terrestrial Tel +31 76 560 44 00 Fax +32 (0)9 223 39 71 [email protected] University, now continuing, at University of Amsterdam, Paradise. It also contains richly elaborate city views, flora [email protected] under the leadership of Peter van der Krogt and Paul van and fauna and decorative representations of elephants, www.plantijnmaps.com den Brink. lions, camels and unicorns! Today’s Vietnam is represented www.sanderusmaps.com by a dragon! Congratulations, Prof. Schilder! Some place-names in the northern hemisphere are written upside-down, as the map was supposed to be consulted on a table: then the writing would be legible from various sides!

MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 36 EVENTS CALENDAR EVENTS CALENDAR 37

Note: the events are listed in Contact: Ann Sutherland, Convener, chronological order (in case of International International Symposium: Events calendar Map Curators’ Group (ann.m.suther- a series of events, according to Interdisciplinary Conference [email protected]) or Anne Taylor, Map Mapping Asia – the first event in the series). on Digital Cultural Heritage Department, Cambridge University Cartographic Encounters Library ([email protected]). 30 August - 1 September 2017 between East and West Seminar: Le Monde vu Conference, Washington DC, USA, ICHC 2017 - The 27th URL: http://www.cartography.org.uk/ Berlin, Germany about/special-interest-groups/mcg/ 15 – 16 September 2017 d’Asie: Histoire et Pratiques organised by the ICA Commission on International Conference on Cartographic Heritage into the Digital Venue: Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin, Leiden, The Netherlands Cartographiques dans les in association and partnership with the History of Cartography BCS – SoC Conference 2017 Potsdamer Str. 33, 10785 Berlin. Venue: Leiden University Libraries, Mondes Asiatiques [The the MAGIC group. 9 – 14 July 2017 URL: http://dch2017.net/ Maps for Changing Reality Vossius Room, Witte Singel 27, 2311 BG World Seen From Asia: Leiden. Venue: to be confirmed Belo Horizonte, Brazil 5 – 7 September 2017 History And Cartographic URL: http://blogs.library.leiden.edu/map- Participation is free. Annual Workshop of the Practices in Asian Worlds] Redworth, County Durham, UK pingasia/ Contact: Marcy Bidney (bidney@uwm. Map Curators’ Group (MCG) Preliminary themes: 3D Mapping; Contact: Martijn Storms, Curator of Maps 6 June 2017, 18.30 edu); Nathan Piekielek (nbp104@psu. of the British Cartographic & Atlases at Leiden University Libraries edu). Augmented & Virtual Reality; Web Paris, France Society; Unfolding the map: Mapping; Current Affairs; Topographic ([email protected]). URL: http://cartography.web.auth.gr/ICA- presenting your map collec- Mapping; Open Data; Map Design; Data On the Silk Road: Le changement Heritage/2015-2019/pg/ICC2017.html climatique dans la cartographie de la tion to new audiences. Visualization; Mapping our Planet; Route de la Soie 5 September 2017 Historical Mapping; Fantasy Maps; ICC 2017 Washington DC. Disaster Mapping Contact: Ed Dahl (ed. It is the first time ICHC will be hosted Lecture by Philippe Claude Forêt Redworth, County Durham, UK [email protected]).). (Université Nazarbayev). 2 – 7 July 2017 in a South American country. The main Washington DC, USA theme refers to the wider region of Venue: Redworth Hall Hotel, County Venue: École Normale Supérieure 45, Latin America. Durham, DL5 6NL Rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris Contact: Fabrice Argounès (Fabrice. Venue: Minas Tenis Clube Cultural Center, [email protected]); Hélène Blais 2244 Rua da Bahia, Belo Horizonte (5th ([email protected]). floor). Contact: ICHC-2017 (infoichc2017@gmail. London Map Fair com). 28th International Cartographic URL: http://www.ichc2017.ufmg.br/ 17 June 2017, 12.00-19.00 Conference of the International 18 June 2017, 10.00-18.00 Cartographic Association (ICA) with 40 Conference: Mapping different conference themes, keynote London, UK the Past, Exploiting the presentations, commission meetings, The largest Antique Map Fair in exhibitions and a number of pre-Con- Future: Cartographies and Europe, established 1980. ference workshops. The National Understandings of the Arctic Venue: Royal Geographical Society, 1 Galleries of Art, the Smithsonian 21 - 22 July 2017 Kensington Gore, London SW7 (Entrance: Institution, the National Geographic Exhibition Road) Society, and the Library of Congress Greenwich, London,UK Last 'Events Calendar' ! 17 June 2017, 14.30 will all play a role in making this a Venue: National Maritime Museum, From now on the calendar of events and exhibitions will no longer be printed in this magazine but will instead be sent to you with great conference. Fred Rose and his ‘serio-comic’ Greenwich, London. WhatsMap? our new electronic notice, with hyperlinks to the detailed information on our website. cartoon maps Venue: Marriott Wardman Park Hotel, If you have not received the first issues of WhatsMap?, make sure to send us your e-mail address; and do not hesitate to inform us of 2660 Woodley Road NW, Washington, Annual International Lecture by Roderick Barron (specialist DC 20008 USA events and news you would like to share with other members. dealer in allegorical & satirical maps) Conference of the Royal Contact: [email protected] Geographical Society; Venue: Royal Geographical Society (see URL: icc2017.org above), Ondaatje Theatre. Decolonising geographical knowledges: opening geog- Cartographica Paul Bremmers Mapping Tools for Meeting of the International raphy out to the world. Neerlandica Antiquariaat Society of Curators of Early Non-Mapping Experts: 29 August - 1 September 2017 Maps (ISCEM) The Ortelius Specialist Antique Maps and Prints Incorporating Geospatial London, UK Visualization Tools in 9 July 2017, 9.00-13.00 Venue: Royal Geographical Society-IBG Soestdijkseweg 101 Brusselsestraat 91 Libraries Belo Horizonte , Brazil (junction of Kensington Gore /Exhibition NL - 3721 AA Bilthoven Maastricht 2 – 7 July 2017 Road) Kensington, London SW7 2AR; and Contact: Ed Dahl (ed.dahl@sympatico. Imperial College London, further south Tel +31 30 220 23 96 Tel +31 43 3253762 ca).). Washington DC, USA down Exhibition Road.. [email protected] www.paulbremmers.com www.orteliusmaps.com [email protected] Pre-Conference workshop in the frame Contact: [email protected] of the 28th International Cartographic

MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58

38 EXHIBITIONS - AUCTION CALENDAR THE BRUSSELS MAP CIRCLE (BIMCC ASBL/VZW) 39

Exhibitions calendar The Brussels Map Circle Aventuriers des mers [Ocean saw Sir John Franklin and his 128-man Venue : Nationaal Archief , Prins Willem crew in Baffin Bay in July 1845, as HMS Alexanderhof 20 , 2595 BE Den Haag. AIMS AND FUNCTIONS HONORARY PRESIDENTS OTHER OFFICERS Explorers] URL: http://www.gahetna.nl/tentoonstel- Erebus and Terror sailed to find the 7 June 2017 – 9 October 2017 ling/voc The Circle was created, as the Wulf Bodenstein • Lisette Danckaert North-West Passage. This was the Brussels International Map Collectors’ Avenue des Camélias 71 • Jan De Graeve Marseilles, France biggest expedition that Britain had Circle (BIMCC), in 1998 by Wulf 1150 Bruxelles [email protected] Between the Mediterranean and the ever sent to the Arctic region. Two The Atlases Bodenstein. telephone: +32 (0) 2 772 69 09 • Henri Godts Indian Ocean was the playground of years later, nothing more had been April 2014 – April 2018 e-mail: [email protected] [email protected] important maritime explorations that heard from the men and the Admiralty Now known as the Brussels Map Amsterdam, The Netherlands • Jean-Christophe Staelens took place in a thousand year’s period launched a series of expeditions in an Circle, it is a non-profit making as- Eric Leenders Go on a journey with the maps and from the Persian Empire to the Dutch attempt to find them. Over the course sociation under Belgian law (asbl/vzw Zwanenlaan 16 [email protected] atlases that forever changed how we navigations. The exhibition includes of the next 30 years, news filtered back 0464 423 627) . 2610 Antwerpen see the world. The exhibition, The BECOMING (AND STAYING) the Umayyad Caliphate in the seventh to Britain of the deaths of the entire telephone: +32 (0) 3 440 10 81 Atlases, shows you top pieces from The Its aims are to: century and continues until the 17th crew through a combination of scurvy e-mail: [email protected] A MEMBER National Maritime Museum's exten- century. and starvation, and speculation of 1. Provide an informal and convivial Members receive three Newsletters sive collection of maps and atlases. Venue: MuCEM, the Museum of cannibalism and potential madness. forum for all those with a special- EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE per annum and have free admission Get acquainted with the four pioneers European and Mediterranean And all the while Erebus, Terror, ist interest in maps, atlases, town PRESIDENT to most of the Circle’s events. Non- Civilizations, 7 Promenade Robert of cartography: Ptolemy, Mercator, Franklin and most of his crew were views and books with maps, be they members pay full rates. Laffont, Marseilles Claesz, and Blaeu. These map makers Caroline De Candt still nowhere to be found. collectors, academics, antiquarians, Annual membership: EUR 40.00, and publishers produced maps and Burggravenlaan 341 Venue: National Maritime Museum, or simply interested in the subject Students and Juniors under 25: Death in the Ice: the atlases that forever changed how we 9000 Gent Greenwich, London SE10 9NF EUR 15.00. see the world. 2. Organise lectures on various as- telephone: +32(0)9 222 80 14 shocking story of Franklin’s URL: http://www.rmg.co.uk/ pects of historical cartography, on e-mail: [email protected] To become (and stay!) a member, final expedition Venue: East Wing, Het regions of cartographical interest, please pay the membership dues Scheepvaartmuseum (National Maritime The world of the on documentation, paper conserva- EXCLUSIVELY by bank transfer (no 14 July 2017 – 7 January 2018 Museum), Kattenburgerplein 1, 1018 KK VICE-PRESIDENT cheques please) to our bank account: Greenwich, London, UK VOC Amsterdam. tion and related subjects AND EDITOR (ÉDITEUR IBAN BE52 0682 4754 2209 In a world first, the exhibition ex- RESPONSABLE) 24 February 2017 – URL: https://www.hetscheepvaartmuse- 3. Organise visits to exhibitions, and BIC: GKCCBEBB and notify the plores the mysterious fate of Sir John um.nl/discover/exhibitions/the-atlases 7 January 2018 to libraries and institutions holding Jean-Louis Renteux Membership Secretary Franklin and his crew on their final important map and atlas collections. Rue des Floralies 62 ([email protected]) indicating expedition – a mystery that still re- The Hague, The 1200 Brussels your name and address. mains unsolved today. Europeans last Netherlands. In order to achieve these aims, the Circle organises the following annual events: telephone: + 32 (0)2 770 59 03 e-mail: [email protected] MAPS IN HISTORY • A MAP-AFTERNOON in March or Auction calendar 2017 April, bringing together all those Co-Editor: Paul De Candt The Brussels Map Circle currently pub- interested in maps and atlases for telephone: + 32 (0)475 899 224 lishes three issues per year. It is distrib- www.bubbkuyper.com www.marcvandewiele.com an informal chat about an item from e-mail: [email protected] uted, not only to members of the Circle, Henri Godts but also to key institutions (universities, [email protected] [email protected] their collection – an ideal opportu- TREASURER Avenue Louise 230/6 nity to get to know the Circle. libraries) and to personalities active in 30 May till 2 June (on view 25 - 28 20 May 2017 (in Damme) B-1050 Brussels • An EXCURSION to a map collection Eddy Masschalck the field of the history of cartography, May) 2017 7 October 2017 Tel +32 (0)2 647 85 48 or exhibition. Ridder van Ranstlei 77 located in 26 different countries. 21 - 24 November (on view 16 - 19 Fax +32 (0)2 640 73 32 • An INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2640 Mortsel Please submit calendar items and oth- November) 2017 Venator & Hanstein www.godts.com on a specific major topic in December. telephone: +32(0)474934761 er contributions to the editor (e-mail: [email protected] Cäcilienstrasse 48, e-mail: [email protected] [email protected]) by the following deadlines: 20 June - 10 October - 12 December Loeb-Larocque D-50667 Köln The Brussels Map Circle also publishes Tel. +49 221 257 54 19 Maps in History formerly known as SECRETARY • 15 March for the May edition. 2017 (Provisional date) 31, rue de Tolbiac, Fax +49 221 257 55 26 BIMCC Newsletter, three times a year • 15 July for the September edition. F-75013 Paris Karen De Coene www.venator-hanstein.de and maintains a website. • 15 Nov. for the January edition. Peter Kiefer Buch- und Tel. +33 (0)6 11 80 33 75 or e-mail: [email protected] Kunstauktionen [email protected] Tel./Fax +33 (0)1 44 24 85 80 Items presented for publication are Autumn auction not yet confirmed OFFICIAL ADDRESS WEBMASTER Steubenstrasse 36 www.loeb-larocque.com submitted to the approval of the Pierre Parmentier D-75172 Pforzheim [email protected] c/o Henri Godts Editorial Committee. Paulus Swaen Avenue Louise 230/6 e-mail: [email protected] Tel. +49 7231 92 320 November (to be confirmed) Signed articles and reviews reflect Internet Auctions B-1050 Brussels Fax +49 7231 92 32 16 SCIENTIFIC ADVISOR solely the opinions of the author. www.kiefer.de, [email protected] www.swaen.com Marc van de Wiele www.bimcc.org 5 - 6 May 2017 [email protected] [email protected] Wouter Bracke e-mail: [email protected] Sint-Salvatorskerkhof 7 Silent auctions Bubb Kuyper B-8000 Brugge 13 - 20 June | 12 - 19 September 2017 Tel. +32 (0)50 33 63 17 10 - 17 October | 15 - 22 November 2017 Jansweg 39, NL-2011 KM Haarlem Fax +32 (0)50 34 64 57 Tel. +31 23 532 39 86

MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58 MAY 2017 – MAPS IN HISTORY NO 58