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Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi T.C. SÜLEYMAN DEMİREL ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ KOVADA GÖLÜ MİLLİ PARKI HAVZASI BÖCEK FAUNASI VE BİYOLOJİK ÇEŞİTLİLİK ANALİZİ Baran ASLAN Danışman: Prof. Dr. İsmail KARACA DOKTORA TEZİ BİTKİ KORUMA ANABİLİM DALI ISPARTA-2010 İÇİNDEKİLER Sayfa İÇİNDEKİLER...................................................................................................... i ÖZET..................................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT.......................................................................................................... iv TEŞEKKÜR.......................................................................................................... v ŞEKİLLER DİZİNİ............................................................................................... viii ÇİZELGELER DİZİNİ......................................................................................... xi 1. GİRİŞ................................................................................................................ 1 2. KAYNAK ÖZETLERİ..................................................................................... 6 3. MATERYAL VE YÖNTEM............................................................................ 12 3.2. Çalışma Alanları............................................................................................. 12 3.2.1. I. Alan ......................................................................................................... 13 3.2.1.1. Kumul ve kumul gerisi habitatı................................................................ 13 3.2.1.2. Makilik ve ağaçlık habitatı…................................................................... 14 3.2.1.3. Çayırlık-açık alan habitatı ....................................................................... 14 3.2.2. II.Alan…...................................................................................................... 15 3.2.2.1. Saplı Meşe-Karaçam karışık ormanı...................................................... 15 3.2.2.2. Orman kıyısı habitatı................................................................................ 16 3.2.2.3. Açık alan habitatı….................................................................................. 17 3.2.3. III Alan........................................................................................................ 18 3.2.3.1. Meyve fidanlığı habitatı.......................................................................... 18 3.2.3.2. Maki kıyısı açık alan habitatı.................................................................. 19 3.2.3.3. Maki habitatı........................................................................................... 20 3.1. Örneklerin Toplanması................................................................................... 21 3.3. Verilerin Değerlendirilmesi............................................................................ 26 4. ARAŞTIRMA BULGULARI VE TARTIŞMA................................................ 30 4.1. Kovada Gölü Milli Parkı Havzasının Böcek Faunası.................................... 30 4.2. Biyolojik Çeşitlilik Hesaplamaları................................................................. 48 4.2.1. Kovada Gölü Milli Parkı havzasının 2007 yılı böcek biyoçeşitliliği değerlendirmesi ........................................................................................... 48 i 4.2.2. Kovada Gölü Milli Parkı havzasının 2008 yılı böcek biyoçeşitliliği değerlendirmesi........................................................................................ 57 4.2.3. Kovada Gölü Milli Parkı havzasının 2007 ve 2008 yıllarında elde edilen verilere bağlı olarak böcek biyoçeşitliliklerinin değerlendirmesi………… 67 5. SONUÇ ............................................................................................................ 80 6. KAYNAKLAR.................................................................................................. 84 ÖZGEÇMİŞ........................................................................................................... 93 ii ÖZET Doktora Tezi KOVADA GÖLÜ MİLLİ PARKI HAVZASI BÖCEK FAUNASI VE BİYOLOJİK ÇEŞİTLİLİK ANALİZİ Baran ASLAN Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Bitki Koruma Anabilim Dalı Danışman: Prof. Dr. İsmail KARACA Çalışmada, Isparta ili sınırları içerisinde yer alan Kovada Gölü Milli Parkı havzası böcek faunasının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Örneklerin toplanmasında alandan seçilen farklı floristik özellikteki dokuz habitatta çukur tuzak, atrap, süpürme, Japon şemsiyesi ve ışık tuzağı yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Örneklemeler, 2007-2008 yıllarında haftalık periyotlarda düzenli bir şekilde yürütülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, milli park havzasında 12 takım ve 77 familyaya bağlı 241 böcek türü saptanmıştır. Araştırma alanında 2007 yılında yapılan çalışmalarda 11 takım, 67 familya ve 186 tür, 2008 yılında ise 12 takım, 64 familya ve 201 tür saptanmıştır. Toplanan türlerin 146’sı her iki çalışma yılı için ortak olarak belirlenmiştir. Japon şemsiyesi ve ışık tuzağı yöntemleri tüm habitatlarda uygulanamadığı için, biyolojik çeşitlilik hesaplamaları bu yöntemlerle toplanan örnekler dâhil edilmeden yapılmıştır. 2007 yılında en çeşitli habitat Shannon-Wiener ve Simpson indekslerine göre Açık Alan Habitatı olarak belirlenmiştir. Habitatların benzerlik durumları incelendiğinde Açık Alan ve Orman Kıyısı habitatları Jaccard ve Yüzde Benzerlik katsayıları ile birbirine en benzer habitatlar olmuştur. 2008 yılında ise, Shannon- Wiener ve Simpson indekslerine göre en çeşitli habitat Orman Kıyısı Habitatı olmuştur. Benzerlik durumu incelendiğinde Meyve Fidanlığı ve Çayırlık Açık Alan habitatları birbirine en benzer habitatlar olarak belirlenmiştir. İki yıllık veriler doğrultusunda Shannon-Wiener ve Simpson indekslerine göre çeşitlilik bakımında en zengin habitatlar Orman Kıyısı ve Açık Alan Habitatları olarak belirlenmiştir. Jaccard ve Yüzde Benzerlik katsayılarına göre birbirine en benzer habitatlar ise yine Açık Alan ve Orman Kıyısı Habitatları olmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kovada Gölü, fauna, biyolojik çeşitllik, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Jaccard, yüzde benzerlik 2010, 95 sayfa iii ABSTRACT Ph. D. Thesis INSECT FAUNA OF KOVADA LAKE NATIONAL PARK BASIN AND ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Baran ASLAN Suleyman Demirel University Graduate School of Applied and Natural Sciences Department of Plant Protection Supervisor: Prof. Dr. İsmail KARACA In the present study various collecting methods including pitfall trap, sweeping, drop sheet and light trap were used in nine different habitats selected from Kovada Lake National Park basin, located in Isparta province, in order to determine the insect fauna of the area. The study was conducted during 2007-2008 by regular weekly samplings. Consequently, a total of 241 insect species belonging to 77 families and 12 orders were recorded from the national park basin. 11 orders, 67 families, and 186 species were found in the field surveys of 2007, while these numbers were 12 orders, 64 families and 201 species for the year 2008. Among the species 146 were shared between the two study years. Because it was not possible to use the light trap and drop sheet methods in all selected habitats, the species and individuals collected by these two methods were omitted in the calculations of biological diversity. According to Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indices of diversity, the Open Area Habitat was the most diverse one in 2007. Analyses using Jaccard and Percentage similarity indices revealed a high similarity between the habitats Open Area and Forest Coast. In the latter year, in 2008, the Shannon-Wiener and Simpson index values showed higher diversity for Forest Coast Habitat. As for the similarity comparison, Fruit Plantation and Meadow Area habitats were determined as the most closest ones. According to two-year data, the most diverse habitats were determined as Forest Coast and Open Area respectively, by using Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indices. Similar to species diversity, Forest Coast and Open Area habitats were found the most closest ones as a result of Jaccard and Percentage similarity analyses. Key Words: Kovada Lake, fauna, biodiversity, Shannon-Wiener, Simpson, Jaccard, percentage similarity 2010, 95 pages iv TEŞEKKÜR Bu tez konusunu vererek bana olan inancını her zaman hissettiren, lisansüstü eğitimim boyunca benden deneyimlerini, bilgilerini esirgemeyen ve özellikle akademik hayatım olmak üzere her türlü alanda örnek almaktan gurur duyduğum değerli hocam Prof. Dr. İsmail KARACA’ya, tez konusu üzerine çalışmaya başladığım ilk günden itibaren çalışmanın planlanması, yürütülmesi ve sonuçların değerlendirmesi aşamalarında bana her türlü desteği veren, tezin son halini almasında emeği ve katkısını benden esirgemeyen sayın hocam Prof. Dr. Cengiz KAZAK’a ve tez izleme komitesinde değerli görüşlerini ve desteğini aldığım sayın hocam Prof. Dr. Bülent YAŞAR’a sonsuz teşekkür ederim. Çalışmalarım esnasında topladığım örneklerin teşhislerinde yardımlarını gördüğüm hocalarım; Prof. Dr. Esat PEHLİVAN (Ege Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü, İzmir - Coleoptera takımı, Geotrophidae, Lucanidae ve Cetoniidae familyaları), Doç. Dr. Göksel TOZLU (Atatürk Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümü, Erzurum - Buprestidae familyası), Doç. Dr. Ali GÖK (Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Isparta - Chrysomelidae familyası), Yrd. Doç. Dr. Levent GÜLTEKİN (Atatürk Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi,
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