City Versus Countryside in Mao’S China: Negotiating the Divide Jeremy Brown Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02404-5 - City Versus Countryside in Mao’s China: Negotiating the Divide Jeremy Brown Index More information Index Adultery, 127.SeealsoSexual misconduct Cai Shiming, 171, 185 Agricultural Cultivation Bureau (Tianjin), Canada, grain imports from, 67 183 Capitalists, deportation of, 141, 146 Agricultural production, 36–37, 54. Central Party Academy, 213, 227 See also Grain policy Chabei, migration to, 32 Agricultural Publishing House, 184 Chan, Anita, 10n Alexopoulous, Golfo, 151 Cheek, Timothy, 230 Anhui province, famine in, 60 Chen Boda: on bourgeois films, 122n;and Ash, Robert, 36n class struggle in Xiaozhan, 118; conflict Australia, grain imports from, 67 and violence encouraged by, 110, 125–126; and consequences of Four Backflow households, 184 Cleanups movement, 132–135;and Bad elements: deportation of, 141, 143, Four Cleanups movement, 112; 146; and downsizing campaign, imprisonment of, 135;andJiangDeyu 84–85n case, 108–109; Mao’s relationship Baodi: cultural life in, 202; sent-down with, 8; and peddlers’ markets, 75;on youth in, 120–121, 131 three togethers, 121; and Zhang Beggars, 31, 40, 59 Fengqin case, 113–114; and Zhou Beijing: and Cultural Revolution Yang’s work assignment, 113 deportations, 142; Tianjin’s proximity Chen, Xiaomei, 207n, 213n to, 10; vagrants deported to Tianjin, Chen Yi, 142 33 Chen Yonggui, 228 Beiyang Cotton Mill, 90 Chen Yun, 34–35, 83–84, 91, 97 Beiyang military training camp, Cheng, Tiejun, 78 111 Chi Biqing, 175 Beizhakou, Four Cleanups movement in, Class enemies: deportation of, 141; Four 111 Cleanups targeting of, 12, 109–110, Bi Yuanzhen, 72 111, 112, 116, 123 Big third front, 173 Cleansing of the Class Ranks campaign, Black market, 73–75, 112, 161 148 Bo Yibo, 23, 25, 34, 42, 109n Coercive repatriation, 77n Bowker, Geoffrey, 6 Cohen, Myron, 46n Bureaucrats, retention of, 17–19 Collectivization, 11, 42–43, 44, 105, 171 247 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02404-5 - City Versus Countryside in Mao’s China: Negotiating the Divide Jeremy Brown Index More information 248 Index Confucianism, 206, 207 Disaster victims, 30, 31, 39–40, 43, 49 Construction projects, 56 Discrimination: against landlords and rich Corruption: and Four Cleanups movement, peasants, 116; against political 110, 123; and sexual misconduct, 127 deportees, 160; against return-to-village Counterrevolutionaries: deportation of, workers, 102; and rural-urban divide, 141, 143, 146; and downsizing 229, 229n, 231 campaign, 84–85n; and Four Cleanups Dissuasion stations, 45 movement, 125 Divorce, 98 Crime: deportation for, 146;and Dongya Wheat Flour Company, 18 downsizing campaign, 90, 92–94;and Downsizing campaign, 77–107; complaints Great Leap Forward, 64, 73–75;and against, 92–94; consequences of, sent-down youth, 131 105–107; and crime, 92–94; “Criticize Lin Biao, Criticize Confucius” explanations for, 79–86; factory and campaign, 206, 214n, 218 office leaders’ handling of, 88–91; Cultural identities: and deportation, 161; family exemptions from, 94–99;and and in-between spaces, 169–170;and Great Leap Forward, 12; negotiations native place networks, 5–6, 5n;of on, 89–90; petitions against, 92–94; return-to-village workers, 99, 103;and reactions to, 86–88; suicides due to, 91; rural-urban divide, 46, 46n terminology use of, 12n; village Cultural Revolution, 137–168; deportation experiences of returned workers, targets, 141–150; fighting of 99–105 deportation, 150–159; and Great Leap Dynamic compromise, 6–7 Forward, 8; human costs of, 3;and political deportations, 13;and Economic Daily on Tianjin Ironworks, rural-urban divide, 166–168; village 181, 196 experiences with deported individuals, Edema, 70–71, 184 159–166 Education, 2n, 5, 116–121 Electrification, 5, 103–104, 186 Daming Steel Mill, 49 Embezzlement, 146 Daqiuzhuang, 227–228 Employment: family connections to obtain, Dazhai model village, 204 47–48; and household registration Dazhongzhuang, 205–206 system, 47–52; of rural migrants, 49; Debt forgiveness, 134 and rural-to-urban migration, 37–38, Deng Xiaoping, 201, 210, 216, 221–223, 46; and sent-down youth, 120–121;in 225 Tianjin, 36 Deportations: fighting of, 150–159; Esherick, Joseph, 94n funding of, 145; and household Eyferth, Jacob, 4, 4n registration system, 43–47; humanitarian exemptions to, 156–157; Families: deportation of, 146; downsizing political, 13, 140, 141–150, 151, 167; campaign exemptions for, 94–99;and and rural-urban divide, 13, 166–168; famine in rural areas, 59;and settlement fund demands for, 163–164; household registration system, 47–52, targets for, 45–46, 46n, 141–150; 193, 193n; and rural-to-urban village experiences with deported migration, 39, 39n; and sent-down individuals, 159–166;from youth, 119–120 Worker-Peasant Alliance Farm, Family plots, 84, 109 189–190 Famine: and Great Leap Forward, 12, Deportation Work Groups, 140 58–73; human costs of, 3; illnesses and Destroy the Four Olds campaign, 142–143 deaths from, 64, 70–71, 184;and Dikotter,¨ Frank, 7, 65n, 67n industrial production, 72;inrural Ding Yun, 137–138 areas, 58–65; and urban hunger, 54, © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02404-5 - City Versus Countryside in Mao’s China: Negotiating the Divide Jeremy Brown Index More information Index 249 65–73; and Worker-Peasant Alliance Guizhou province, industrial projects in, Farm, 184 173 Fang Ji, 133–134 Guo Deren, 153–154 February 19 incident (1982), 195 Feng Jinsheng, 189 Hao Baohua, 155–156 Feng Laofu, 39–40 Hao Cheng, 194, 195 Finance and Trade Commission (Tianjin), Hao Ran, 212 75 Hao Tianyi, 195, 196 Flood victims, 31, 43, 49 He, Jiangsui, 139n Food policy and household registration Health care, 5, 229, 229n system, 40–43.SeealsoGrain policy Heavy industry.SeeIndustrialization Food substitutes, 65 Hebei Four Cleanups Newsletter, 123 Forced exodus, 77n Hebei province: flooding in, 33;grain Forced population transfer, 77n consumption in, 36; resource clashes Four Cleanups movement, 108–136; with Tianjin, 10, 68–69, 174, 205; attacks on rural wealth, 111–116; Tianjin subordinated to, 61 consequences of, 132–136;andGreat Hebei Provincial Downsizing Small Group, Leap Forward, 8, 12; and sexual 84n misconduct, 126–130; and the three Heillman, Sebastian, 230 togethers, 121–125;and Henan province, famine in, 60 Worker-Peasant Alliance Farm, Heping District Mechanized Embroidery 187–188; work teams’ interest in career Collective, 90 advancement, 124–125; in Xiaozhan, Heping District Revolutionary Committee, 111–116, 125–126 138 Freedom of movement, 11, 36–43, 92–93 Hexi District Handicraft Industry Bureau, Friedman, Edward, 77n, 214n 57 Hinton, William, 59n Gang of Four, 213 Hoarding of grain, 35–36, 53n, 65 Gangs, 131 Hongqiao District Revolutionary Gansu province, industrial projects in, Committee, 153, 158 173 Hou Jun, 116, 117, 208 Gao Jianguo, 205n, 220n Household registration system (hukou), Gender equality, 210, 214, 214n 29–52; children’s assumption of Geng Chen, 74, 75 mother’s status, 193, 193n;and Grain policy: foreign grain imports, 67–68; deportations, 43–47; and employment, and Great Leap Forward, 58;and 47–52; and family connections, 47–52; hoarding, 35–36, 53n, 65;and food policy linked to, 40–43;and household registration system, 11, freedom of movement, 93; and grain 34–37, 40–43; and migration policy, rations, 34–37, 40–43; and in-between 41; persistence of, 7; and rural-urban spaces, 170, 172; migration policy divide, 3–4, 13; state monopoly on linked to, 40–43; persistence of, 7, 231; market, 33–34; and urban rationing, and producers vs. consumers, 30–34; 42 and rural-to-urban migration, 37–40; Great Leap Forward, 53–76; and black and rural-urban divide, 3–4, 5, 13;as market, 73–75; and crime, 73–75;goals security measure, 11; temporary of, 11–12; human costs of, 3; and rural permits, 55, 58 famine, 58–65; and rural-to-urban Hu Penghua, 103, 204, 208, 210, 215, 219 migration, 55–58; and urban hunger, Hu Yishun, 103, 104, 130 65–73; and Xiaojinzhuang, 202.See Hu Zhaoheng, 117n, 122n also Famine Huang Jing, 16, 17, 26, 32 Gu Yunting, 126, 127 Huang Kecheng, 16, 20 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-02404-5 - City Versus Countryside in Mao’s China: Negotiating the Divide Jeremy Brown Index More information 250 Index Huang Yuanzhi, 154–155 Li Zhisui, 123 Huazhuang and Worker-Peasant Alliance Li Zhongyuan, 68, 69 Farm, 186, 187 Liang Xiao writing group, 208, 208n, 209 Hukou. See Household registration system Liang Yangfu, 50–51 Humanitarian exemptions to deportation, Lieberthal, Kenneth, 18n, 20 156–157 Life expectancy, 2n Human wave tactics, 134 Lin Biao, 142, 152, 152n, 173, 206 Lin Liguo, 167n Imports of grain, 67–68 Lin Tie, 61 In-between spaces, 169–199; and Cultural Link, Perry, 217 Revolution, 187–191; and proletarian Literacy, 2n, 5 peasants, 171–172; suburban Liu Ende, 157–158 workshops and factories, 57;and Liu Fuji, 18–19 Tianjin’s industrial development, Liu Guanghan, 131 173–183; and Worker-Peasant Alliance Liu Haiyan, 40n Farm, 183–187.SeealsoTianjin Liu Hongwu, 180 Ironworks; Worker-Peasant Alliance Liu Jinfeng, 113, 114 Farm Liu, Nini, 69–70, 70n Industrialization: and Great Leap Forward, Liu Pichang, 62, 66, 67, 67n 11–12, 54, 55, 56; prioritization of, 69; Liu Qingshan, 22–28 and rural-urban divide, 233;and Liu Shaoqi, 18n, 19, 20–22, 83, 83n, 84, systemic inequality, 4; as third front in 134 war preparations, 137n; in Tianjin,

Load more