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GUIDANCE FOR AUTHORS

Editor Selection criteria computer programs. However, the printed version must Sir Michael Pepper FRS The criteria for selection are scientific excellence, include enough detail to satisfy most non-specialist readers. originality and interest across disciplines within the Supplementary data up to 10Mb is placed on the Society's Publishing Editor physical sciences and engineering, including mathematics website free of charge. Larger datasets must be deposited Suzanne Abbott and Earth science. The Editors are responsible for all in recognised public domain databases by the author. editorial decisions and they make these decisions based on the reports received from the referees and/or Editorial Conditions of publication Editorial Board Board members. Many more good proposals and articles Articles must not have been published previously, nor are submitted to us than we have space to print, and we be under consideration for publication elsewhere. The Michael Pepper, Editor Brian Launder give preference to those that are of broad interest and of main findings of the article should not have been London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Electronic and School of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, Electrical Engineering, University College London University of Manchester high scientific quality. reported in the mass media. Like many journals, Phil. Russel Caflisch Alan Martin Trans. R. Soc. A employs a strict embargo policy where Department of Mathematics, University of California, Los Angeles Department of Physics, Durham University Publishing format the reporting of a scientific article by the media is Peter Coveney William McGuire Centre for Computational Science, University College London Department of Earth Sciences, University College London Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A articles are published regularly online embargoed until a specific time. The Editor has final Walter Craig Alfredo Ozorio de Almeida Department of Mathematics and Statistics, McMaster University and in monthly print issues. Along with all Royal Society authority in all matters relating to publication. Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas (CBPF) John Dainton Annie Powell journals, we are committed to archiving and providing Cockroft Institute For Accelerator Science and Technology Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Karlsruhe Ben Feringa perpetual access. The journal also offers the facility for Electronic Submission details Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen Eric Priest including Electronic Supplementary Material (ESM) to For full submission guidelines and access to all journal Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews Daniel Feltham papers. Contents of the ESM might include details of content please visit the Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A website at Centre for Polar Observation & Modelling, University College London C.N.R. Rao Nigel Goldenfeld CSIR Centre of Excellence in Chemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for methods, derivations of equations, large tables of data and rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org. Department of Physics, University of Illinois Advanced Scientific Research Celso Grebogi Michael Rowan-Robinson Institute for Complex Systems and Mathematical Biology, University of Astrophysics Group, Imperial College London Aberdeen Clarence E. Schutt Godfrey Gumbs Department of Chemistry, Princeton University Department of Physics, Hunter College Gabor Stepan Andreas Hoenger Department of Applied Mechanics, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics University of Colorado Marshall Stoneham Steven Howdle Centre for Materials Research, University College London School of Chemistry, University of Nottingham Rowan Sutton Giles Hunt National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Reading The Royal Society is an independent scientific academy For further information on the Society’s activities, please Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath S. Randall Thomas Bruce Joyce Biologie Intégrative et Systèmes Complexes, CNRS founded in 1660 and self-governing under Royal contact the following departments on the extensions Department of Physics, Imperial College, London J. Michael T. Thompson Charter. The Society has three roles, as the scientific listed by dialling +44 (0)20 7839 5561, or visit the Holger Kantz DAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge academy of the United Kingdom, as a learned society, Society’s Web site (www.royalsociety.org). Max Plank Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems William Unruh Chris Kilburn Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia and as a funding body. Department of Earth Sciences, University College London Paul Valdes Research Support (UK grants and fellowships) Peter Kohl School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol University Laboratory of Physiology, University of Oxford Tanja van Mourik The objectives of the Royal Society are to Research appointments: 2547 Jürgen Kurths School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews Research grants: 2539 Institute of Physics, University of Potsdam Vivian Yam • Marta Kwiatkowska Department of Chemistry, University of Hong Kong recognise excellence in science Conference grants: 2540 Computing Laboratory, University of Oxford John Zarnecki Frank Larkins Planetary & Space Sciences Research Institute, • support leading-edge scientific research and its University of Melbourne The Open University Science Advice applications General enquiries: 2585 Publishing Editor: Suzanne Abbott AIMS AND SCOPE • stimulate international interaction (tel: +44 (0)20 7451 2214; fax: +44 (0)20 7976 1837; Each issue of Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A is devoted to a specific area of the Science Communication [email protected]). mathematical, physical and engineering sciences. This area will define • further the role of science, engineering General enquiries: 2572 a research frontier that is advancing rapidly, often bridging traditional and technology in society disciplines. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A is essential reading for mathematicians, International Exchanges (for grants enabling Production Editor: Kelly Hutchinson • physicists, engineers and other physical scientists. As well as theme promote the public’s understanding of science research visits between the UK and most other issues, the journal publishes papers from the Royal Society’s • countries (except the USA)) 6–9 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5AG, UK mathematical, physical and engineering discussion meetings. 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In particular, the Society permits the making of a single photocopy of an article from this issue (under Sections 29 and 38 of the Act) for an individual for the purposes of research or private study.

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