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Read the Sixty Years of Philanthropy (PDF) THE WOLFSON FOUNDATION 1955-2015 SIXTY YEARS OF PHILANTHROPY SIXTY YEARS OF PHILANTHROPY Published by The Wolfson Foundation 8 Queen Anne Street London W1G 9LD www.wolfson.org.uk Copyright © The Wolfson Foundation, 2015 All rights reserved The Wolfson Foundation is grateful to the National Portrait Gallery for allowing the use of the images from their collection Printed in Great Britain by The Bartham Group © National Portrait Gallery Sir Isaac Wolfson (1897-1991), Founder (1955), Chairman (from 1963 to 1972) and then President (from 1975) of the Wolfson Foundation; “He brought to the work of the Foundation the same acumen and experience in investing in projects, people and institutions, to which he owed his success in business” (Alan Bullock). 02 03 FOREWORD INTRODUCTION The Wolfson Foundation was the brainchild of my father and grandfather and it In 1956 –the year following the establishment of the Wolfson Foundation –a is wonderful to see the extent to which their vision has been realised thr ough the report by the Nuffield Foundation noted that “foundations are still to the general many outstanding projects, large and small, that we have been able to help. public mysterious and remote organisations.” It is a great privilege to be the third generation of the family to chair the Board Some sixty years on, this remains true. The intention of this essay is not to of Trustees and, like my father and grandfather, I am indebted to my fellow Trustees, provide a comprehensive history. A detailed analysis of the personalities, policies past and present, to the members of our expert panels and to the many talented and passions couched beneath lengthy lists of grants awaits another writer and individuals and imaginative organisations with whom we have worked over the another time. But, on an anniversary occasion, it is intended to shed a little light on past sixty years. the Wolfson Foundation’s activities over six decades and – in some small way – to make at least one philanthropic organisation slightly less ‘mysterious and remote.’ I would also like to pay particular tribute to our Chief Executive, Paul Ramsbottom, and his exceptional team, whose tireless work is responsible for any The essay is an updated and revised version of that which was written for the success we have enjoyed. Thank you all for your dedication, your loyalty and your 50th anniversary. I am very grateful to those who have kindly provided advice, tremendous expertise. including Sir David Cannadine, Dr Beth Breeze, Charles Keidan and colleagues past and present, especially Elizabeth Crawford and Obi Thompson Sargoni. The excitement we all feel about the work of the Foundation is, I hope, as great today as it was for the first Trustees in the 1950s – an excitement that is being passed down to the next generation, the great-grandchildren of Isaac and Edith Wolfson, Paul Ramsbottom many of whom are already involved in their lasting legacy. Chief Executive Janet Wolfson de Botton Chairman London, May 2015 04 05 SIXTY YEARS OF PHILANTHROPY © National Portrait Gallery Harry Nathan, Lord Nathan of Churt (1889-1963), solicitor and public servant. The first Chairman of the Foundation, serving from its creation until just before his death in October 1963. He was a former Liberal (and then Labour) MP and sat as a Labour peer in the House of Lords. A distinguished solicitor, he was also President of the Royal Geographical Society, Chairman of the Royal Society of Arts and Chairman of the Executive Committee of the British Empire Cancer Campaign. “A man of loyalty, warm-hearted humanity, and creative imagination” (Arthur Goodhart). Sixty Years of Philanthropy The two decades following the Second World War were both an innovative and a golden era for British philanthropic endeavour. Set in this broader context and climate, the Wolfson Foundation was one among a cluster of trusts and grant giving bodies that were established during the 1950s and 1960s: organisations that would have a profound impact on British society, such as the Tudor Trust (set up in the same year as Wolfson, 1955), the Garfield Weston Foundation (1958), the Esmée Fairbairn Foundation (1961), the Robertson Trust (1961), the Clore (Duffield) Foundation (1964) and various Sainsbury Trusts (through the 1960s). As western economies prospered as never before, this was a remarkable period of significant wealth generation, and it was also a time when both government and affluent 07 THE WOLFSON FOUNDATION 1955-2015 SIXTY YEARS OF PHILANTHROPY individuals were beginning to engage with the challenges and the opportunities of rebuilding British society after the traumas and tribulations of war. The public expression of this improving impulse was the Welfare State, which was funded by high levels of individual taxation. At the same time, the tax incentives that were put in place to encourage sustained philanthropy provided an unprecedented incentive for the establishment of charitable bodies devoted to that end. Coincidentally, then, the creation of these foundations, which were vehicles of private generosity, occurred at exactly the same time as the rapid expansion of government spending. In contrast to those which exist in the United States, such as Rockefeller, Carnegie, Ford and Mellon, the story and the work of the larger British foundations which came into being at that time is relatively little known and understood, yet it sheds an interesting and significant light on the cultural history and social development of modern Britain. The history of the Wolfson Foundation, from the 1950s to the present day, has both an intrinsic importance and is als o a component Sir Isaac Wolfson opening the Charles Hastings Medical Centre in Worcester of that larger narrative of post-war British philanthropic endeavour. (November 1969) A letter from Lord Nathan (the first Chairman of the Foundation) to Isaac Wolfson mail order businesses. In 1962 he was created baronet, as Sir Isaac Wolfson of in July 1955 described the signing of the Foundation’s Trust Deed. “As we sat around St Marylebone. Sir Isaac, his wife, and their son, Leonard, were the charity’s Founder your sitting-room in Portland Place and you, your wife, Leonard and I signed the Trustees. Up until the mid 1990s, when the Foundation diversified its assets, the document – not, as might have been expected at a table with some show of investments were largely comprised of GUS shares. formality, but passing the document from hand to hand, resting it on our knees as Lord Nathan, a solicitor and former Labour MP, was asked to be the first we signed – I could not help thinking that we were participating in a notable and Chairman of the Isaac Wolfson Foundation and, as well as helping to draw up the significant occasion.” Despite the lack of formality the Foundation had, in Nathan’s Trust Deed, he steered the Foundation through its first years until shortly before his words, been “finely conceived and long meditated.” It was the public, legal death in 1963. “I feel lucky”, he said, “in being one of the original Trustees of what expression of a family’s existing philanthropy. will fast become one of the four or five great national trusts.” Isaac Wolfson was born in Sept ember 1897 in the Gorbals area of Glasgow – The years 1955 to 1958 were largely engaged in preliminary work: creating an the son of a Jewish cabinet-maker who had emigrated from the Russian Pale of administration, making contacts with other charitable foundations and – crucially Settlement (Bialystok) to Scotland. In 1926 he married Edith Specterman. In the – creating a Board of Trustees “of wide experience and enjoying public confidence.” same year he joined a mail-order company, Universal Stores. By 1932 the company, The three founding family members (who had sole power of appointing new trustees renamed Great Universal Stores (GUS), was offering shares to the public. In the and effective power of veto over grant-making policy) were joined by eminent following year he was appointed Managing Director and became the largest academics, drawn from a variety of spheres. This balance of a minority of family shareholder. members and majority of academic experts has been maintained across the years. Isaac Wolfson became Chairman of GUS in 1946 and, at the time the Indeed it was formalised in 2014 within new governance documents for the Foundation was formed in the summer of 1955, there were nearly 80 companies in Wolfson Foundation which underpinned the transition of the Foundation from being the group, which included clothing and furniture manufacturers, retail chains and a charitable trust to becoming a charitable company. 08 09 THE WOLFSON FOUNDATION 1955-2015 SIXTY YEARS OF PHILANTHROPY Following Lord Nathan’s death there have been just three chairmen drawn from three successive generations of the Wolfson family: Isaac Wolfson from 1962 to 1972, Leonard Wolfson from 1972 until 2010 and, in recent years, Janet Wolfson de Botton. Lord Bullock, one of the early Trustees, commented that Sir Isaac Wolfson “brought to the work of the Foundation the same acumen and experience in investing in projects, people and institutions, to which he owed his success in business.” In 1972 Sir Isaac passed the Chairmanship of the Foundation to his son. And so it was Leonard Wolfson (from 1985, Lord Wolfson of Marylebone) who became, across the following four decades, the dominant figure in the charity’s development. As if to reflect this, the Isaac Wolfson Foundation (which had, in any case, long been known as the Wolfson Foundation) formally changed its name to the Wolfson Foundation. Martin Paisner, writing for the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, has noted that “without in any way diminishing Isaac Wolfson’s financial and conceptual contribution to the Foundation, it is fair to say that Leonard Wolfson was its creative genius.
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