sign in sign up
<<
Home , Induction heating

International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume V, Issue IV, April 2018 | ISSN 2321–2705 at Domestic Level Using an Induction Stove Rekha Chander1, Sneha Pattanaik2, C.Cauveri3, S.Senthilmurugan4 1, 2, 3, 4 SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract— The usage of domestic induction cookers has overlapped induction coils can be used for wireless power metamorphosed from fixed cooking areas to novel engineering transfer. The transmitter and receiver coils conjointly form an concepts like wireless power transfer. This implies the use of an arrangement identical to that of a transformer. induction stove and coils to charge a device wirelessly. This can be put into effect both statically and dynamically. In this paper, we When an (AC) is passed through the will probe into its usage for static transfer of power wirelessly. transmitter coil (L1), it generates an oscillating The prototype here consists of 2 coils placed in contact (B) by Ampere's law. This magnetic field so created passes with each other, such that one remains connected to the stove and through the receiving coil (L2), where it induces an alternating the other coil connected to a variable load. Upon providing a EMF () by Faraday's law of induction, which creates an supply voltage of 220V, a led hovered above the arrangement gets alternating current in the receiver. illuminated. The aim of this work is to evaluate this concept applied to domestic induction heating appliances, with special The table below implies the various methods available for emphasis in analyzing the effects of introducing the multi-coil wireless power transfer. system with dissipative media. TABLE I Index Terms— Coil, Field, Inductive heating, Wireless power Methods of WPT transfer Enabling the Technology Energy transfer power transfer I. INTRODUCTION

OMESTIC induction heating appliances base their Coils of wire Magnetic fields D operation on steamrolling an alternating current in the Resonant inductive Resonant range of tens of kilohertz into flowing through an Magnetic fields coupling circuits inductor. The basic principle of operation here is Faraday's law. Capacitive coupling Conductive Electric fields An induction burner or stove consists of a ceramic plate with coupling plates Rotating Magneto dynamic an beneath it. When the stove is switched Magnetic fields permanent coupling on, an runs through the coil, stirring up a magnets Phased fluctuating magnetic field, with no heat on the burner itself. Microwave radiation Microwaves However, once an or stainless- pan is placed on the arrays/dishes Lasers Optical radiation Light/infrared/ultraviolet burner, the magnetic field induces many smaller electric /photocells currents in the pan’s metal. Iron is a poor conductor of electricity, so as all these small currents run through the iron, much of the energy is converted to heat. So, on an induction , the heat isn't enkindled from the burner, but the pan itself. Induction heating, in the past decade has largely replaced the traditional heating methods like gas burners or resistive heating due to a wide variety of reasons, the main being its speed and Fig 1. Inductive power transfer ease of operation. The induced alternating current may either drive the load In recent years, the concept of wireless power transfer has directly, or be rectified to direct current (DC) by a rectifier in also witnessed a boom, with almost every field trying to vie it. the receiver, which drives the load. An produces an AC current of frequency with greater magnitude In this paper, we aim at establishing a connection between which drives the coil, because transmission efficiency revamps these two imminent fields. with frequency. The power transmitted upsurges with II. WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER frequency and the mutual inductance M between the coils, which is governed by their geometry and the distance between In this paper, we employ the method of inductive power them. An extensively used figure of merit is the coupling transfer. In inductive power transfer, (IPT), power is coefficient K. This dimensionless parameter is equivalent to transferred between coils of wire by a magnetic field. Two www.rsisinternational.org Page 84

International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume V, Issue IV, April 2018 | ISSN 2321–2705

the fraction of magnetic flux through the transmitter coil L1 that passes through the receiver coil L2 when L2 is open circuited. If the two coils are on the same axis and close to each other such that all the magnetic flux from L1 disseminates through L2, then k=1 and the link efficiency advances towards 100%. The more the separation between the coils, a larger value of the magnetic field from the first coil veers from the second, and the lower k and the link efficiency are, looming towards zero at large separations. The link efficiency and power transferred is roughly proportional to K2 , which is the FIGURE 3. Coil of Induction Stove square of coupling coefficient. III. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP The prototype that we used in our experiment is an induction stove with a voltage rating of 230V and a power rating of 1600W. It operates under normal frequency of 50 Hz. Apart from the induction stove, the arrangement also consists of an external coil, similar to the one present inside the induction stove and a variable resistance (rheostat) which acts as the load. We also use an LED to witness the transfer of power wirelessly and the voltage and current are measured using a voltmeter (0-300V range) and an ammeter (0-10A range) respectively.

Start Switch on supply of 230V, 50Hz

The induction stove gets turned on. FIGURE 4. External coil

Vary the rheostat to the required

resistance value.

Move the LED above the arrangement.

The LED lights up. FIGURE 5. Internal structure of an induction stove

The external coil is made to overlap the coil present inside the induction stove. The ends of this coil are then connected to Note the ammeter readings appropriate terminals of the rheostat. The ammeter is then

connected in series across the load and the voltmeter is

connected in parallel across the load. The supply which is provided to the arrangement is normal AC supply – 230V, Note the voltmeter readings 50Hz.

When the supply is switched on, the LED is held over the Figure 2. Flowchart setup. The LED lights up, due to wireless transfer of power. The measured value of voltage as shown by the voltmeter is 229V and the current value displayed by the ammeter varies for different values of the load. We measured it for a resistance

www.rsisinternational.org Page 85

International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume V, Issue IV, April 2018 | ISSN 2321–2705 value of 140.9 ohms and the current was measured to be disadvantages, caused by the dissipation of energy in the form 1.625A. of heat. Energy is wasted in this way and the load is also overheated. This will make the system less efficient. However, IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS the study proves the viability of overlapped coils for induction From obtained results in table we can see that 2.25 is the heating and wireless power transfer applications and throws maximum current that can be obtained. If we increase the load promising results, opening a novel developing area in domestic further lots of energy is dissipated in the form of heat (heat induction heating appliances. . losses). As we can see from the below table the voltage remains ACKNOWLEDGMENT constant and current keeps on increasing gradually increasing the load (the load here is a variable rheostat). The experimental We would like to thank our professor Mr. Senthil Murugan results agree with theoretical results. for his invaluable aid and guidance all throughout our work. TABLE II We also extend our gratitude to the EEE department of SRM institute of science and technology for constant support in

helping us formulate this paper. VOLTAGE CURRENT SNO. (V) (A) REFERENCES 1 220 1.625 [1] S. Kim, A. Tejeda, G. A. Covic, and J. T. Boys, “Analysis of 2 223 1.75 mutually decoupled primary coils for IPT systems for EV charging,” in 2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and 3 225 2 Exposition (ECCE), pp. 1–6,Sep. 2016. [2] C. Carretero, R. Alonso, J. Acero, and J. M. Burdio, “Optimized 4- 4 228 2.125 coil inductor system arrangement for induction heating appliances,” 5 229 2.25 in IECON 2015 - 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, pp. 004 948–004 952, Nov. 2015. [3] W. C. Moreland, “The induction range: Its performance and its development problems,” IEEE Transactions on Industry V. OBSERVED GRAPH Applications, vol. IA-9, no. 1, pp. 81–85, Jan. 1973. [4] O. Luc´ıa, J. Acero, C. Carretero, and J. Burd´ıo, “Induction Voltage vs Current heating appliances: Toward more flexible cooking surfaces,” IEEE Ind. Electron. Mag., vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 35–47, Sep. 2013. 2.5 [5] J. Acero, C. Carretero, R. Alonso, and J. M. Burdio, “Quantitative 2 evaluation of induction efficiency in domestic induction heating applications,”IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 1.5 1382–1389, Apr. 2013. 1 [6] G. A. Covic and J. T. Boys, “Inductive power transfer,” Proc.

IEEE, vol. 101, no. 6, pp. 1276–1289, Jun. 2013. CURRENT 0.5 [7] G. A. Covic and J. T. Boys, “Modern trends in inductive power 0 transfer for transportation applications,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 28–41, 220 223 225 228 229 Mar. 2013. [8] L.Umanand and S.R.Bhat, “Design of Magnetic Components for VOLTAGE Switched Mode Power Converters”, Wiley Eastern Limited, 1992. [9] Zinn and Semiatin, "Coil Design and fabrication", , The above graph shows optimized experimental waveform. p. 32- 36, June 1988 [10] IRF840 datasheet, Fairchild Semiconductor, p. 1-2, January 2002. From the above graph we see that voltage is constant with [11] IRFPG50 datasheet, International Rectifier, p. 1-2, October 1997. respect to increasing current, which is why we get a line [12] SG3524 datasheet, Philips Semiconductors, p.1-2, August 1994. parallel to the X axis (current axis) [13] G. Covic and J. Boys, “Modern trends in inductive power transfer for transportation applications,” IEEE Journal of Emerging and VI. CONCLUSION Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 28–41, March 2013. In the proposed model, overlapped technique which [14] S. Hui, W. Zhong, and C. Lee, “A critical review of recent progress is used in WPT systems, has been evaluated for the application in mid-range wireless power transfer,” IEEE Transactions on of domestic IH. Here for the wireless transmission of power we Power Electronics, vol. 29, no. 9, pp. 4500–4511, Sept 2014. [15] S. Choi, B. Gu, S. Jeong, and C. Rim, “Advances in wireless power have used the method of inductive power transfer (IPT). This is transfer systems for roadway-powered electric vehicles,” IEEE one of the innovative approaches in search of flexible cooking Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, vol. areas that permits the usage of inductors which are large in size 3, no. 1, pp. 18–36, March 2015. with high performance. This system has been studied [16] S. Y. R. Hui, “Magnetic resonance for wireless power transfer [a look back],” IEEE Power Electronics Magazine, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. theoretically and characterized experimentally. The proposed 14–31, March 2016. configuration has numerous advantages. Firstly the wireless [17] J. M. Miller, P. T. Jones, J. M. Li, and O. C. Onar, “ORNL power transfer can be domestically done with ease. Secondly, experience and challenges facing dynamic wireless power charging the number of inductors is reduced along with their accessory of EV’s,” IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 40–53, Second quarter 2015. elements such as ferrites and mounting elements making the arrangement cost effective. The system has a few www.rsisinternational.org Page 86

International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI) | Volume V, Issue IV, April 2018 | ISSN 2321–2705

[18] P. Sergeant and A. Van den Bossche, “Inductive coupler for [24] M. Budhia, G. Covic, and J. Boys, “Design and optimization of contactless power transmission,” IET Electric Power Applications, circular magnetic structures for lumped inductive power transfer vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–7, Jan 2008. systems,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 11, [19] J. Hirai, T.-W. Kim, and A. Kawamura, “Study on intelligent pp. 3096–3108, Nov 2011. battery charging using inductive transmission of power and [25] M. Budhia, G. Covic, J. Boys, and C.-Y. Huang, “Development information,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 15, no. and evaluation of single sided flux couplers for contactless electric 2, pp. 335–345, Mar 2000. vehicle charging,” in IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and [20] B. Choi, J. Nho, H. Cha, T. Ahn, and B. Choi, “Design and Exposition (ECCE 2011), 2011, pp. 614–621. implementation of low-profile contactless battery charger using [26] D. Thrimawithana, U. Madawala, A. Francis, and M. Neath, planar printed circuit board windings as energy transfer device,” “Magnetic modeling of a high-power three phase bi-directional IPT IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 51, no. 1, pp. system,” in 37th Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics 140–147, Feb 2004. Society (IECON 2011), 2011, pp. 1414–1419. [21] W. Zhong, X. Liu, and S. Hui, “Analysis on a single-layer winding [27] M. Budhia, G. Covic, and J. Boys, “Magnetic design of a array structure for contactless battery charging systems with three-phase inductive power transfer system for roadway powered free-positioning and localized charging features,” in IEEE Energy electric vehicles,” in IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2010), 2010, pp. Conference (VPPC 2010), 2010, pp. 1–6. 658–665. [28] J. Huh, S. Lee, W. Lee, G. Cho, and C. Rim, “Narrow-width [22] B. Lenaerts and R. Puers, Omnidirectional Inductive Powering for inductive power transfer system for online electrical vehicles,” Biomedical Implants, 1st ed. Delft, Netherlands: Springer, 2009. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 26, no. 12, pp. [23] S. Y. R. Hui and W. W. C. Ho, “A new generation of universal 3666–3679, Dec 2011. contactless battery charging platform for portable consumer [29] G. Elliott, S. Raabe, G. Covic, and J. Boys, “Multiphase pickups electronic equipment,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, for large lateral tolerance contactless power-transfer systems,” vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 620–627, May 2005. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 1590–1598, May 2010.

www.rsisinternational.org Page 87