Induction Heat Treatment
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Ferritic Nitrocarburizing Gears to Increase Wear Resisitance And
Ferritic Nitrocarburizing Gears tOI Increase Wear Resistance and Reduce Distortion Loren ,JI, Epler uaHtygear manufacturing depends on controlled toler- asa gaseous territic nitrocarl:mrizillg process and patented by ances and geometry. As a re ult, ferritic nillocarburizing Lucas Industries in 1961. Lucas demonstrated that they could ha become the heat treat process of choice for many produce surface layers identical to those produced in salt bath gear manufacturers. The primary reason for this are: processes using an endothermic, ammonia-based atmosphere. The process is performed at low temperatures, i.e. less than The process was classified as a "thermochemical susfece critical treatment" that involved !he diffusion of both nitrogenand car- 2. The quench methods increase fatigue strength by up to, L25% bon into the surface of a metal at a temperature below the au tell- without distorting. Ferritlc nitrocarboriziag is used in place ite transforrnation temperature. The process would yield .3 single of carburizing and hardening, carbonitriding, nltriding or in phase epsilon layer with an atomic weight of Fep3' The ingle conjunction wi.th conventional and induction hardening. phase layer makes !:heproduct much more wear resistant than gas 3. h establishes gradient base haronesses, i.e, eliminates egg- or ionnitriding, according to Dawc and Trantner 0). shell effect on TiN, TiAlN,. ere. etc. [II 1982, lronbeund HeatTreat developed Ni.tmwear® using In addition, the process can also be applied to hobs, broaches, similar atmo pheres in a fluidized bed medium. Subsequently. drills and other cutting tools. Jack Ross, owner and founder of lronbound,. patented and HisUJry, Fenitic nitrocarburizing was first established in licensed the process to Dynamic Metal Treating. -
Induction Hardening on Drive Axle Shaft and It's
www.ierjournal.org International Engineering Research Journal (IERJ) Special Issue Page 1197-1201, June 2016, ISSN 2395-1621 Induction Hardening on Drive axle shaft and it’s FEA #1Aniket A. Deshmukh, #2Prof. D.H. Burande 1 PG student, Automotive Engineering, Mechanical Engineering Department, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India. 2Associate professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Abstract: This work deals with increasing strength of steel drive axle shafts by placing an extra bush support. It includes the modeling of shaft in CATIA. Drive shaft made up of MS material will be analyzed first. Stress and deformation will be the output of analysis. The meshing and boundary condition application will be carried using Hypermesh; Structural analysis of shaft will be carried out using ANSYS. Re-designing the shaft placing a bush for additional support in the length of shaft, and applying induction hardening process at the place of bush support for increasing the strength and reducing the deflection of the shaft. The design optimization also improves the performance of drive shaft. Keywords: Finite Element Analysis, Drive axle shaft, Induction hardening, Bush support. 1. INTRODUCTION Power is transmitted from engine to differential through propeller shaft, Axle shaft is connected between Hardening process is used for parts that wears while differential and wheel. It takes torque from engine. In this operating. During hardening core of the part does not get paper, drive axle shaft of Bolero automobile is thought of affected. Hardening increases wear resistance of a for the study. This axle shaft is semi-floating kind. -
Optimal Design of High-Frequency Induction Heating Apparatus for Wafer Cleaning Equipment Using Superheated Steam
energies Article Optimal Design of High-Frequency Induction Heating Apparatus for Wafer Cleaning Equipment Using Superheated Steam Sang Min Park 1 , Eunsu Jang 2, Joon Sung Park 1 , Jin-Hong Kim 1, Jun-Hyuk Choi 1 and Byoung Kuk Lee 2,* 1 Intelligent Mechatronics Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), Bucheon 14502, Korea; [email protected] (S.M.P.); [email protected] (J.S.P.); [email protected] (J.-H.K.); [email protected] (J.-H.C.) 2 Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-31-299-4581 Received: 19 October 2020; Accepted: 22 November 2020; Published: 25 November 2020 Abstract: In this study, wafer cleaning equipment was designed and fabricated using the induction heating (IH) method and a short-time superheated steam (SHS) generation process. To prevent problems arising from the presence of particulate matter in the fluid flow region, pure grade 2 titanium (Ti) R50400 was used in the wafer cleaning equipment for heating objects via induction. The Ti load was designed and manufactured with a specific shape, along with the resonant network, to efficiently generate high-temperature steam by increasing the residence time of the fluid in the heating object. The IH performance of various shapes of heating objects made of Ti was analyzed and the results were compared. In addition, the heat capacity required to generate SHS was mathematically calculated and analyzed. The SHS heating performance was verified by conducting experiments using the designed 2.2 kW wafer cleaning equipment. -
Hardening of Small Gears in Well Under a Second
Hardening of small gears PUTTING THE SMARTER HEAT TO SMARTER USE A guide to the benefits of induction heating FD - 2011236 02/16 ENG How to reduce distortion and costs when hardening small gears Induction is the cost-cutting alternative to furnace Induction can heat precisely localized zones in gears. case hardening of small- and medium-sized Achieving the same degree of localized hardening gears. Key features of induction hardening are with carburizing can be a time- and labor-intensive fast heating cycles, accurate heating patterns and procedure. When carburizing specific zones such as cores that remain relatively cold and stable. Such the teeth areas, it is usually necessary to mask the characteristics minimize distortion and make it more rest of the gear with ‘stop off’ coatings. These masks repetitive, reducing post-heat processing such as must be applied to each and every workpiece, and grinding. This is especially true when comparing removed following the hardening process. No such induction to case carburizing. masking is necessary with induction hardening. Induction hardening also reduces pre-processing, as Induction hardening is ideal for integrating into the geometry changes are less than those caused by production lines. Such integrated hardening is carburizing. Such minimal changes mean distortion more productive than thermochemical processes. does not need to be accounted for when making Moreover, integrated hardening minimizes costs, as the gear. With gears destined for gas carburizing, the gears do not have to be removed for separate however, ‘offsets’ that represent distortion are often heat treatment. In fact, induction heating makes introduced at the design stage. -
Design of a Wireless Power Transfer System Using Inductive Coupling and MATLAB Programming Apoorva.P1 Deeksha.K.S2 Pavithra.N3 Student, Dept
International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication ISSN: 2321-8169 Volume: 3 Issue: 6 3817 - 3825 _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Design of a Wireless Power Transfer System using Inductive Coupling and MATLAB programming Apoorva.P1 Deeksha.K.S2 Pavithra.N3 Student, Dept. Of EEE, Student, Dept. Of EEE Student, Dept. Of EEE, Dr. T. Thimmaiah Institute of Dr. T. Thimmaiah Institute of Dr. T. Thimmaiah Institute of Technology Technology Technology K.G.F,India K.G.F, India K.G.F, India [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Vijayalakshmi.M.N4 Somashekar.B5 David Livingston.D6 Student, Dept. Of EEE Asst Professor Dept. Of EEE, Asst Professor Dept. Of EEE, Dr. T. Thimmaiah Institute of Dr. T. Thimmaiah Institute of Dr. T. Thimmaiah Institute of Technology Technology Technology K.G.F, India K.G.F, India K.G.F, India [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Abstract—Wireless power transfer (WPT) is the propagation of electrical energy from a power source to an electrical load without the use of interconnecting wires. It is becoming very popular in recent applications. Wireless transmission is useful in cases where interconnecting wires are difficult, hazardous, or non-existent. Wireless power transfer is becoming popular for induction heating, charging of consumer electronics (electric toothbrush, charger), biomedical implants, radio frequency identification (RFID), contact-less smart cards, and even for transmission of electrical energy from space to earth. In the design of the coils, the parameters of coils are obtained by using the basic calculations and measurements. -
Induction Heating Principles PRESENTATION
Induction Heating Principles PRESENTATION www.ceia-power.com This document is property of CEIA which reserves all rights. Total or partial copying, modification and translation is forbidden FC040K0068V1000UK Main Applications of Induction Heating ¾ Hard (Silver) Brazing ¾ Tin Soldering ¾ Heat Treatment (Hardening, Annealing, Tempering, …) ¾ Melting Applications (ferrous and non ferrous metal) ¾ Forging This document is property of CEIA which reserves all rights. Total or partial copying, modification and translation is forbidden FC040K0068V1000UK Examples of induction heating applications This document is property of CEIA which reserves all rights. Total or partial copying, modification and translation is forbidden FC040K0068V1000UK Advantages of Induction Reduced Heating Time Localized Heating Efficient Energy Consumption Heating Process Controllable and Repeatable Improved Product Quality Safety for User Improving of the working condition This document is property of CEIA which reserves all rights. Total or partial copying, modification and translation is forbidden FC040K0068V1000UK Basics of Induction INDUCTIVE HEATING is based on the supply of energy by means of electromagnetic induction. A coil, suitably dimensioned, placed close to the metal parts to be heated, conducting high or medium frequency alternated current, induces on the work piece currents (eddy currents) whose intensity can be controlled and modulated. This document is property of CEIA which reserves all rights. Total or partial copying, modification and translation is forbidden FC040K0068V1000UK Basics of induction The heating occurs without physical contact, it involves only the metal parts to be treated and it is characterized by a high efficiency transfer without loss of heat. The depth of penetration of the generated currents is directly correlated to the working frequency of the generator used; higher it is, much more the induced currents concentrate on the surface. -
Magnetic Flux Controllers in Induction Heating and Melting
ASM Handbook, Volume 4C, Induction Heating and Heat Treatment Copyright # 2014 ASM InternationalW V. Rudnev and G.E. Totten, editors All rights reserved www.asminternational.org Magnetic Flux Controllers in Induction Heating and Melting Robert Goldstein, Fluxtrol, Inc. MAGNETIC FLUX CONTROLLERS are workpiece. For both cases, there are three closed is applied, it strongly reduces the reluctance of materials other than the copper coil that are used loops: flow of current in the coil, flow of mag- the back path for the magnetic flux (Ref 3). All in induction systems to alter the flow of the mag- netic flux, and flow of current in the workpiece. induction heating systems can be described in netic field. Magnetic flux controllers used in In most cases, the difference between induc- this way. power supplying components are not considered tion heating applications and transformers is that The benefits of a magnetic flux concentrator in this article. the magnetic circuit is open. The magnetic field on the electrical parameters for a given applica- Magnetic flux controllers have been in exis- path includes not only the area with the control- tion depends on the ratio of the reluctance of tence since the development of the induction ler, but also the workpiece surface layer and the the back path for magnetic flux to the overall technique. Michael Faraday used two coils of air between the surface and controller, which reluctance in the system. It is also possible to wire wrapped around an iron core in his experi- cannot be changed. Therefore, the reluctance of break down basic system components into sub- ments that led to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic the magnetic path only partially depends on the components to determine the most economical induction, which states that the electromotive magnetic permeability of the controller (Ref 3). -
Induction Hardening of Gears and Critical Components
Induction Hardening of Gears and Critical Components Dr.Valery Rudnev hypoid gears and noncircular gears are rarely heat treated by Management Summary induction. Induction hardening is a heat treating technique that Importance of Gear Material and Its Condition can be used to selectively harden portions of a gear, such Gear operating conditions, the required hardness and cost as the fl anks, roots and tips of teeth, providing improved are important factors to consider when selecting materials for hardness, wear resistance, and contact fatigue strength induction hardened gears. Plain carbon steels and low-alloy without affecting the metallurgy of the core and other steels containing 0.40 to 0.55% carbon content are commonly parts of the component that don’t require change. This article provides an overview of the process and special specifi ed (Refs. 1, 5). Examples include AISI 1045, 1552, considerations for heat treating gears. Part I covers 4140, 4150, 4340, and 5150. Depending on the application, gear materials, desired microsctructure, coil design tooth hardness after tempering is typically in the 48 to 60 HRC and tooth-by-tooth induction hardening. Part II, which range. Core hardness primarily depends upon steel chemical will appear in the next issue, covers spin hardening composition and steel condition prior to induction hardening. and various heating concepts used with it. For quenching and tempering, prior structure core hardness is usually in the 28–35 HRC range. When discussing induction hardening, it is imperative to Introduction mention the importance of having “favorable” steel conditions Over the years, gear manufacturers have gained knowledge prior to gear hardening. -
Handbook of Induction Heating Theoretical Background
This article was downloaded by: 10.3.98.104 On: 28 Sep 2021 Access details: subscription number Publisher: CRC Press Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London SW1P 1WG, UK Handbook of Induction Heating Valery Rudnev, Don Loveless, Raymond L. Cook Theoretical Background Publication details https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.1201/9781315117485-3 Valery Rudnev, Don Loveless, Raymond L. Cook Published online on: 11 Jul 2017 How to cite :- Valery Rudnev, Don Loveless, Raymond L. Cook. 11 Jul 2017, Theoretical Background from: Handbook of Induction Heating CRC Press Accessed on: 28 Sep 2021 https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.1201/9781315117485-3 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR DOCUMENT Full terms and conditions of use: https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/legal-notices/terms This Document PDF may be used for research, teaching and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproductions, re-distribution, re-selling, loan or sub-licensing, systematic supply or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden. The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents will be complete or accurate or up to date. The publisher shall not be liable for an loss, actions, claims, proceedings, demand or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with or arising out of the use of this material. 3 Theoretical Background Induction heating (IH) is a multiphysical phenomenon comprising a complex interac- tion of electromagnetic, heat transfer, metallurgical phenomena, and circuit analysis that are tightly interrelated and highly nonlinear because the physical properties of materi- als depend on magnetic field intensity, temperature, and microstructure. -
Part No: 26109031 Rev/Chg Level: 002A Specification Name: SPEC, REQ for HT PARTS
MATERIAL SPECIFICATION Part No: 26109031 Rev/Chg Level : 002A Specification Name: SPEC, REQ FOR HT PARTS Production Release SAFETY AND/OR GOVERNMENT REGULATED PART ☐YES ☒NO DESIGNATED CHARACTERISTICS DC SYMBOL QCL TYPE QCI TYPE REF: NEXTEER GLOBAL PROCEDURE G1331 0 LAST NO USED QS-100V SAFETY/COMPLIANCE CL1/CL2 QS-DR 0 TOTAL ON DRAWING CI-100V FIT/FUNCTION CL4/CL5 CI-DR DC NO TYPE DESCRIPTION RATIONALE ZONE SH Substances of Concern and Recycled Content per Nexteer Automotive 23000000 This document is protected by copyright and nothing in this document shall grant a license or any other rights to this document or the information conveyed therein. The reproduction, distribution, and utilization of this document or its related CAD math data, as well as communication of any content to others without express written authorization is prohibited. X-3461 June 2014 Nexteer Automotive Reference Procedure G1337 Nexteer Automotive Production Release 2 of 21 Part No: 26109031 Rev/Chg Level: 002A Specification Name: SPEC, REQ FOR HT PARTS 1. SCOPE: 1.1. The purpose of this specification is to provide the expectations and requirements for heat treated components for Nexteer Automotive. This specification is applicable to all heat treat processes being conducted on the intended component(s) at any point in the value stream. Heat treat processes governed by this standard include all of those referenced in AIAG CQI-9. Heat treaters are expected to conform to the Quality System Requirement provided in the Nexteer Automotive Global Supply Management Supplier Requirements. It assumes that quality planning, a quality manual, and continuous improvement programs are established. -
Induction Heating: Fundamentals
30/10/17 LEP ELECTROMAGNETIC PROCESSING OF MATERIALS TECNOLGIE DEI PROCESSI ELETTROTERMICI Induction Heating: fundamentals Fabrizio Dughiero 2017-2018 Induction heating fundamentals May 28-30, 2014 1 30/10/17 Summary 1. Induction heating physical principles 2. Characteristics of the induction heating process • Physical parameters that affect induction heating 3. The skin effect: • What parameters modify the skin effect? • Change of skin effect during the heating 4. Examples: • Heating of a magnetic billet • Choosing the frequency appropriate to the workpiece • Coil thickness as a function of frequency 5. Proximity effect, ring effect, flux concentrators effect 1. Induction heating physical principles May 28-30, 2014 2 30/10/17 Induction heating physical principles Characteristics of induction heating • High temperature in the workpiece (in most cases). • High power density for a short heating time (in many applications). • High frequency (in many applications). • Thermal sources are inside the workpiece. Induction heating physical principles Induction heating: fundamental laws ? They state: A. Maxwell’s equations • how the electromagnetic (e.m.) field is generated rd 3 Maxwell’s equation or • how the e.m. field propagates and is Faraday-Neumann-Lenz’s law distributed in the space 4th Maxwell’s equation or • how the e.m. field interacts with the Ampere’s law charged particles. • they state what is the (approximate) B. Constitutive relations response of a specific material to an for materials external field or force. ? Ohm’s law Magnetic -
The Effects of Austempering and Induction Hardening on the Wear Properties of Camshaft Made of Ductile Cast Iron
Vol. 131 (2017) ACTA PHYSICA POLONICA A No. 3 Special Issue of the 6th International Congress & Exhibition (APMAS2016), Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey, June 1–3, 2016 The Effects of Austempering and Induction Hardening on the Wear Properties of Camshaft Made of Ductile Cast Iron B. Karacaa;∗ and M. Ş˙ımş˙ırb aESTAŞ Eksantrik San. ve Tic. A.Ş., 58060 Sivas, Turkey bCumhuriyet University, Engineering Faculty, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Eng., 58100 Sivas, Turkey The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of heat austempering and induction hardening on the wear properties of GGG60 ductile cast iron for camshaft production. For this purpose, camshafts have been produced by sand mould casting method. Fe-Si-Mg alloy has been used for inoculation process to achieve iron nodulization. The casting has been done between 1410–1420 ◦C. The casted camshafts have been austenitized at two different temperatures (800 and 900 ◦C) and time intervals (60 and 90 min) under controlled furnace atmosphere. The austenitized camshafts have been quenched into the molten salt bath at 360 ◦C, held there for 90 min and then cooled in air. This way, austempering heat treatment has been applied. After that, surface hardening process was conducted using induction hardening machine with medium frequency. Microstructure of camshafts has been examined by optical methods and mechanical tests have been performed. Results show that austempering heat treatment increases the wear resistance of camshaft, compared to as-cast condition. Wear resistance of the camshaft increases with increasing austenitizing temperature, time and with induction hardening. The lowest weight loss of 0.62 mg has been obtained for the induction hardened camshaft austenitized at 900 ◦C for 90 min.