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Rural Agricultural Economies and Military Provisioning at Roman Gordion (Central Turkey) Çakirlar, Canan; Marston, John
University of Groningen Rural Agricultural Economies and Military Provisioning at Roman Gordion (Central Turkey) Çakirlar, Canan; Marston, John Published in: Environmental Archaeology DOI: 10.1080/14614103.2017.1385890 IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2019 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Çakirlar, C., & Marston, J. (2019). Rural Agricultural Economies and Military Provisioning at Roman Gordion (Central Turkey). Environmental Archaeology, 24(1), 91-105. https://doi.org/10.1080/14614103.2017.1385890 Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 25-09-2021 Environmental Archaeology The Journal of Human Palaeoecology ISSN: 1461-4103 (Print) 1749-6314 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/yenv20 Rural Agricultural Economies and Military Provisioning at Roman Gordion (Central Turkey) Canan Çakırlar & John M. -
Tentative Lists Submitted by States Parties As of 15 April 2021, in Conformity with the Operational Guidelines
World Heritage 44 COM WHC/21/44.COM/8A Paris, 4 June 2021 Original: English UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE Extended forty-fourth session Fuzhou (China) / Online meeting 16 – 31 July 2021 Item 8 of the Provisional Agenda: Establishment of the World Heritage List and of the List of World Heritage in Danger 8A. Tentative Lists submitted by States Parties as of 15 April 2021, in conformity with the Operational Guidelines SUMMARY This document presents the Tentative Lists of all States Parties submitted in conformity with the Operational Guidelines as of 15 April 2021. • Annex 1 presents a full list of States Parties indicating the date of the most recent Tentative List submission. • Annex 2 presents new Tentative Lists (or additions to Tentative Lists) submitted by States Parties since 16 April 2019. • Annex 3 presents a list of all sites included in the Tentative Lists of the States Parties to the Convention, in alphabetical order. Draft Decision: 44 COM 8A, see point II I. EXAMINATION OF TENTATIVE LISTS 1. The World Heritage Convention provides that each State Party to the Convention shall submit to the World Heritage Committee an inventory of the cultural and natural sites situated within its territory, which it considers suitable for inscription on the World Heritage List, and which it intends to nominate during the following five to ten years. Over the years, the Committee has repeatedly confirmed the importance of these Lists, also known as Tentative Lists, for planning purposes, comparative analyses of nominations and for facilitating the undertaking of global and thematic studies. -
Separating Fact from Fiction in the Aiolian Migration
hesperia yy (2008) SEPARATING FACT Pages399-430 FROM FICTION IN THE AIOLIAN MIGRATION ABSTRACT Iron Age settlementsin the northeastAegean are usuallyattributed to Aioliancolonists who journeyed across the Aegean from mainland Greece. This articlereviews the literary accounts of the migration and presentsthe relevantarchaeological evidence, with a focuson newmaterial from Troy. No onearea played a dominantrole in colonizing Aiolis, nor is sucha widespread colonizationsupported by the archaeologicalrecord. But the aggressive promotionof migrationaccounts after the PersianWars provedmutually beneficialto bothsides of theAegean and justified the composition of the Delian League. Scholarlyassessments of habitation in thenortheast Aegean during the EarlyIron Age are remarkably consistent: most settlements are attributed toAiolian colonists who had journeyed across the Aegean from Thessaly, Boiotia,Akhaia, or a combinationof all three.1There is no uniformityin theancient sources that deal with the migration, although Orestes and his descendantsare named as theleaders in mostaccounts, and are credited withfounding colonies over a broadgeographic area, including Lesbos, Tenedos,the western and southerncoasts of theTroad, and theregion betweenthe bays of Adramyttion and Smyrna(Fig. 1). In otherwords, mainlandGreece has repeatedly been viewed as theagent responsible for 1. TroyIV, pp. 147-148,248-249; appendixgradually developed into a Mountjoy,Holt Parker,Gabe Pizzorno, Berard1959; Cook 1962,pp. 25-29; magisterialstudy that is includedhere Allison Sterrett,John Wallrodt, Mal- 1973,pp. 360-363;Vanschoonwinkel as a companionarticle (Parker 2008). colm Wiener, and the anonymous 1991,pp. 405-421; Tenger 1999, It is our hope that readersinterested in reviewersfor Hesperia. Most of trie pp. 121-126;Boardman 1999, pp. 23- the Aiolian migrationwill read both articlewas writtenin the Burnham 33; Fisher2000, pp. -
Treasures of Eastern Turkey Easternturkeytours
Eastern Turkey Tours Treasures of Eastern Turkey Exceed your expectations Email: [email protected] Nemrut Day 1: CAPPADOCIA KAHTA (Nemrut) We leave the Land of Beautiful Horses and weird rock formations and head out across Turkey's hinterland, along the ancient Silk Road via Kayseri and stopping at the great Karatay Han before proceeding to Adiyaman. Overnight near Nemrut Day 2: KAHTA - URFA Today we visit the magnificent funerary monument at the peak of Mt Nemrut which stands as a testament to an ancient king's ambition. From Nemrut we continue to the massive Ataturk Dam straddling the mighty river Euphrates, and on to Urfa, the ancient The Pools of Abraham city of prophets. Ancient footprints truly mark this part of Turkey; Urfa was the birthplace of the biblical patriarch Abraham. We will visit the cave and shrine where tradition tells us Abraham was born. Nearby are the sacred pools of Abraham filled with sacred carp that are fed by the many pilgrims who visit this holy site. Overnight in Urfa. Day 3: URFA DIYARBAKIR We depart Urfa and proceed to the on-going archaeological dig at Gobekli Tepe. Although not widely known amongst the general public Gobekli Tepe is probably one of the most important archaeological sites in the world From Gobekli Tepe, Hill of the Navel, this site represents a major shift in our understanding of One of the many carved megaliths forming the man's early history. Here lie the remains of the earliest religious chambers structures built by man yet to be discovered and at about 11000- 13000 years old pre-dates pottery, writing, Stonehenge and the Pyramids. -
Anatolian Crossroads: Achaemenid Seals from Sardis and Gordion Elspeth M
31 Anatolian Crossroads: Achaemenid Seals from Sardis and Gordion Elspeth M. Dusinberre Seals can provide a unique entry into under- in one of the so-called “Greco-Persian” styles. standing ancient societies: used by individuals They were excavated from tombs of elite or offices for ratification, identification and Sardians. (2) The seals from Gordion, by con- ornamentation, they functioned simultane- trast, come in a wide variety of shapes and ously as official insignia and indicators of materials, including a fairly large number in personal taste. (1) The differences and simi- glass. A significant number were imported larities between the Achaemenid seals found from places far to the east, west and south. at the satrapal capital of Sardis and the large They exhibit a tremendous variety in artistic but second-tier city of Gordion are therefore style and imagery. Most of them were found especially interesting. This paper considers reused in post-Achaemenid domestic and the seals from Sardis and Gordion, exploring work contexts. (3) their shapes, sizes, materials, style, iconogra- The seals from Sardis demonstrate the phy and findspots. It situates them in their cohesion of the Achaemenid elite and the over- historical, political and geographic contexts whelming adoption of Achaemenid ideology to examine the Achaemenid Empire itself and at this satrapal capital. The lack of pre-Achae- the different ways in which Achaemenid hege- menid seals from Sardis and the preponder- mony affected different types of sites. ance of high-status ones in the Achaemenid period reiterate the importance of the Seals and society in Achaemenid administration at this satrapal Achaemenid Anatolia: headquarters. -
From Small States to Universalism in the Pre-Islamic Near East
REVOLUTIONIZING REVOLUTIONIZING Mark Altaweel and Andrea Squitieri and Andrea Mark Altaweel From Small States to Universalism in the Pre-Islamic Near East This book investigates the long-term continuity of large-scale states and empires, and its effect on the Near East’s social fabric, including the fundamental changes that occurred to major social institutions. Its geographical coverage spans, from east to west, modern- day Libya and Egypt to Central Asia, and from north to south, Anatolia to southern Arabia, incorporating modern-day Oman and Yemen. Its temporal coverage spans from the late eighth century BCE to the seventh century CE during the rise of Islam and collapse of the Sasanian Empire. The authors argue that the persistence of large states and empires starting in the eighth/ seventh centuries BCE, which continued for many centuries, led to new socio-political structures and institutions emerging in the Near East. The primary processes that enabled this emergence were large-scale and long-distance movements, or population migrations. These patterns of social developments are analysed under different aspects: settlement patterns, urban structure, material culture, trade, governance, language spread and religion, all pointing at population movement as the main catalyst for social change. This book’s argument Mark Altaweel is framed within a larger theoretical framework termed as ‘universalism’, a theory that explains WORLD A many of the social transformations that happened to societies in the Near East, starting from Andrea Squitieri the Neo-Assyrian period and continuing for centuries. Among other infl uences, the effects of these transformations are today manifested in modern languages, concepts of government, universal religions and monetized and globalized economies. -
Nuove Scoperte Nella Melid Neo-Hittita
Acc. Sc. Torino Quaderni, 28 (2017), 105-122, 10 Þ gg. ©,0(5&2/('Î'(//¶$&&$'(0,$ª 1XRYHVFRSHUWHQHOOD0HOLGQHRKLWWLWD 0ൺඋංඈ/ංඏൾඋൺඇං 5LDVVXQWR Dopo quarant’anni di interruzione, la Missione Archeologica della Sapienza Università di Roma ha ripreso lo scavo dell’area nord del- la collina di Arslantepe, antica Melid, presso l’odierna città di Malatya, in Turchia orientale. La lunga interruzione era dovuta alla necessità di concentrare le risorse nello scavo delle fasi più antiche: i complessi mo- numentali del Tardo Calcolitico e Tardo Uruk (IV mill. a.C.) e la sequenza completa dell’Antico Bronzo (III mill. a.C.). Si tratta di un ritorno alle origini dello scavo di Arslantepe «La collina del leone » così denominata dal leone in pietra, parte della porta della cittadella, che emergeva in super Þ cie. Il progetto della nostra ripresa ha dunque un duplice inten- to: dare alla Porta dei Leoni un contesto topogra Þ co e stratigra Þ co che tuttora le manca; e poi scendere ai livelli inferiori, per colmare il lungo periodo intercorso tra la distruzione della Porta Imperiale e la costruzio- ne della Porta dei Leoni. La campagna del 2008 ha raggiunto il primo scopo: ora sappiamo dunque che la Porta dei Leoni fu costruita alla Þ ne del IX secolo e distrutta alla Þ ne dell’VIII (appunto da Sargon II). La campagna del 2009 ha a ৼ rontato il secondo problema, scendendo al di sotto del salone a pilastri, rimuovendone una fase precedente, incon- trando poi insediamenti di squatters istallati sul rudere del grande muro di cinta post-imperiale, bruciato da un colossale incendio. -
Apollonius of Pergaconics. Books One - Seven
APOLLONIUS OF PERGACONICS. BOOKS ONE - SEVEN INTRODUCTION A. Apollonius at Perga Apollonius was born at Perga (Περγα) on the Southern coast of Asia Mi- nor, near the modern Turkish city of Bursa. Little is known about his life before he arrived in Alexandria, where he studied. Certain information about Apollonius’ life in Asia Minor can be obtained from his preface to Book 2 of Conics. The name “Apollonius”(Apollonius) means “devoted to Apollo”, similarly to “Artemius” or “Demetrius” meaning “devoted to Artemis or Demeter”. In the mentioned preface Apollonius writes to Eudemus of Pergamum that he sends him one of the books of Conics via his son also named Apollonius. The coincidence shows that this name was traditional in the family, and in all prob- ability Apollonius’ ancestors were priests of Apollo. Asia Minor during many centuries was for Indo-European tribes a bridge to Europe from their pre-fatherland south of the Caspian Sea. The Indo-European nation living in Asia Minor in 2nd and the beginning of the 1st millennia B.C. was usually called Hittites. Hittites are mentioned in the Bible and in Egyptian papyri. A military leader serving under the Biblical king David was the Hittite Uriah. His wife Bath- sheba, after his death, became the wife of king David and the mother of king Solomon. Hittites had a cuneiform writing analogous to the Babylonian one and hi- eroglyphs analogous to Egyptian ones. The Czech historian Bedrich Hrozny (1879-1952) who has deciphered Hittite cuneiform writing had established that the Hittite language belonged to the Western group of Indo-European languages [Hro]. -
Turkey Destinations & Experiences
Turkey Destinations & Experiences travel turkey Acetes Travel acetestravel.com [email protected] The Best Destinations in Turkey • Istanbul • Cappadocia • Ephesus • Pamukkale • Troy • The Black Sea Region Welcome to Turkey • Eastern Turkey Turkey, hosting the world's best story, a fascinating piece of land settlements have always been throughout history. The vast plains irrigated by the rivers, unconventional formations on the earth formed by the volcanic mountains, places decorated with thousands of years of historical heritage, exquisite beaches and coves, mountains and hills dressed with forests. Situated on the Asian and European continents, Turkey is a country where both European and Eastern cultures live together due to its location. In Turkey, which has hosted many empires throughout history, it is possible to come across many historical buildings from these empires and to follow the traces of history, as well as to see many natural wonders and to have a holiday among magnificent natural beauties. istanbul istanbul Istanbul is not only the most important city in terms of cultural and historical riches in Turkey. It is also the most important cultural and historical city in the world. Because it is a city that has been the capital of all religions and 3 empires (Rome, Byzantium, Ottoman). Geographically, being a bridge between Asia and Europe brings together East and West culture. As you stroll through the streets of Istanbul, you will see the traces of a different civilization in every corner (Rome, Byzantium, and Ottoman traces) -
FABRICATING FIDELITY: NATION-BUILDING, INTERNATIONAL LAW, and the GREEK-TURKISH POPULATION EXCHANGE by Umut Özsu a Thesis
FABRICATING FIDELITY: NATION-BUILDING, INTERNATIONAL LAW, AND THE GREEK-TURKISH POPULATION EXCHANGE by Umut Özsu A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Juridical Sciences Faculty of Law University of Toronto © Copyright by Umut Özsu (2011) Abstract FABRICATING FIDELITY: NATION-BUILDING, INTERNATIONAL LAW, AND THE GREEK-TURKISH POPULATION EXCHANGE Umut Özsu Doctor of Juridical Sciences (S.J.D.) Faculty of Law University of Toronto 2011 This dissertation concerns a crucial episode in the international legal history of nation-building: the Greek-Turkish population exchange. Supported by Athens and Ankara, and implemented largely by the League of Nations, the population exchange showcased the new pragmatism of the post-1919 order, an increased willingness to adapt legal doctrine to local conditions. It also exemplified a new mode of non-military nation-building, one initially designed for sovereign but politico-economically weak states on the semi-periphery of the international legal order. The chief aim here, I argue, was not to organize plebiscites, channel self-determination claims, or install protective mechanisms for vulnerable minorities Ŕ all familiar features of the Allied Powers‟ management of imperial disintegration in central and eastern Europe after the First World War. Nor was the objective to restructure a given economy and society from top to bottom, generating an entirely new legal order in the process; this had often been the case with colonialism in Asia and Africa, and would characterize much of the mandates system ii throughout the interwar years. Instead, the goal was to deploy a unique mechanism Ŕ not entirely in conformity with European practice, but also distinct from non-European governance regimes Ŕ to reshape the demographic composition of Greece and Turkey. -
A Proposal for a Method of Cultural Landscape Character Assessment: a Research on the Context, Method and Results for the Cappadocia Landscape, Turkey
A PROPOSAL FOR A METHOD OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT: A RESEARCH ON THE CONTEXT, METHOD AND RESULTS FOR THE CAPPADOCIA LANDSCAPE, TURKEY A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES OF MIDDLE EAST TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BY ZEYNEP TUNA YÜNCÜ IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN RESTORATION IN ARCHITECTURE SEPTEMBER 2015 Approval of the thesis: A PROPOSAL FOR A METHOD OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPE CHARACTER ASSESSMENT: A RESEARCH ON THE CONTEXT, METHOD AND RESULTS FOR THE CAPPADOCIA LANDSCAPE, TURKEY submitted by ZEYNEP TUNA YÜNCÜ in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Restoration, Department of Architecture, Middle East Technical University by, Prof.Dr. Gülbin Dural Ünver Dean, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences _________________ Prof.Dr. T. Elvan Altan Head of Department, Architecture _________________ Prof.Dr. Neriman Şahin Güçhan Supervisor, Department of Architecture, METU _________________ Examining Committee Members: Assoc.Prof.Dr. A.Güliz Bilgin Altınöz Department of Architecture, METU _________________ Prof.Dr. Neriman Şahin Güçhan Department of Architecture, METU _________________ Prof.Dr. Ömür Bakırer Department of Architecture, METU _________________ Prof.Dr. İclal Dinçer Dept. of City and Regional Planning, Yıldız Teknik Uni. ________________ Prof.Dr. Vedat Toprak Dept.of Geological Engineering, METU _________________ Date: 11.09.2015 I hereby declare that all information in this document has been obtained and presented in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. -
Anadolunun Tarihi Coğrafyasi
ANADOLUNUN TARİHİ COĞRAFYASI KÜLTÜREL MİRAS VE TURİZM AÇIK ÖĞRETİM PROGRAMI DR. ÖĞR. ÜYESİ METİN ALPARSLAN İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ AÇIK VE UZAKTAN EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ AÇIK VE UZAKTAN EĞİTİM FAKÜLTESİ KÜLTÜREL MİRAS VE TURİZM AÇIK ÖĞRETİM PROGRAMI ANADOLU’NUN TARİHİ COĞRAFYASI DR. ÖĞR. ÜYESİ METİN ALPARSLAN 1 ÖNSÖZ Tarihin iki öğesi vardır: zaman ve mekân. Zaman kavramı kısaca kronoloji olarak da tanımlamamız mümkündür. Kronoloji sayesinde olayların sırasını ve bunun sonucunda tarih için vazgeçilmez olan neden-sonuç ilişkisini doğru bir şekilde oluşturmamız mümkün olabiliyor. Diğer bir şekilde söyleyecek olursak tarihi tam anlamıyla anlayabilmek için tarihin meydana geldiği yeri, yani coğrafyasını iyi bilmemiz ve onun olaylar üzerindeki etkisini iyi hesaplayabilmemiz gerekir. 2 İÇİNDEKİLER ÖNSÖZ.......................................................................................................................................2 İÇİNDEKİLER...........................................................................................................................3 KISALTMALAR........................................................................................................................8 YAZAR NOTU...........................................................................................................................9 1. Tarihi Coğrafya'ya Giriş ………………………………………………………………...10 1.1. Tarihi Coğrafya Nedir?...............................................................................................16 1.2. Tarihi Coğrafya’nın