DOCSLIB.ORG

Contemporar Contemporary Islamic Legal Discourse A

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Contemporar Contemporary Islamic Legal Discourse A CORE CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LEGAL DISCOURSE brought to you by Repository UIN Sumatera Utara provided by CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LEGAL DISCOURSE A Study of Sayyid Qut{b’s Fi> Z{ila>l al-Qur’a>n A Study of Sayyid Qut{b’s View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LEGAL DISCOURSE CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LEGAL DISCOURSE CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LEGAL DISCOURSE A Study of Sayyid Qut{b’s Fi> Z{ila>l al-Qur’a>n Oleh: Dr. Mhd. Syahnan, MA. CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LEGAL DISCOURSE CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LEGAL DISCOURSE PREFACE CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LEGAL DISCOURSE A Study of Sayyid Qut{b’s Bismilla>hirrah}ma>nirrah}i>m Fi> Z{ila>l al-Qur’a>n My interest to study revivalist view on Islamic juris- Penulis: Dr. Mhd. Syahnan, MA. prudence went back to the time when I was undertaking Copyright © 2010, Pada Penulis graduate program at the Islamic Sudies, McGill University. Hak cipta dilindungi undang-undang This study is a continuation of my previous research on All rights reserved Sayyid Qut}b’s Fi> Z{ila>l al-Qur’a>n with different approach Penata letak: Muhammad Ali Said Nasution and perspective by making significant changes and improve- Perancang sampul: Aulia Grafika ment to the earlier version. The revision constitutes not only PENERBIT IAIN PRESS modifying the scope to fit in with the context of study but Jalan Willem Iskandar, Pasar V Medan Estate - Medan, 20371 also supplying it with more up-to-date secondary sources. Telp. (061)6622925 Fax. (061)6615683 My curiosity in studying Sayyid Qut}b’s Fi> Z{ila>l al-Qur’a>n E-mail: [email protected] Islamist discourse grew in importance with the popularity Cetakan pertama: Juli 2010 of Sayyid Qut}b within the revivalist circles especially what is the so called “the Salafi> “ around the world. What’s more, ISBN 978-979-3020-08-2 whether a creation or an accident, Qut}b’s thought has been alleged to have influenced the terrorist movement which became the target of criticism of both the Eastern and Western Dicetak oleh: scholars alike. Perdana Mulya Sarana Jl. Sosro No. 16A Medan 20224 While analyzing Sayyid Qut}b’s approach to Quranic Telp. 061-7347756, 77151020 Faks. 061-7347756 exegesis in his Fi> Z{ila>l al-Qura>n, this work attempts to com- Email: [email protected] Contact person: 08126516306 pare the earlier with the later revised editions of the exege- v vi CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LEGAL DISCOURSE CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LEGAL DISCOURSE vii sis as it studies changes in his thought and Weltanschauung. Alrasyidin, M.A., Dr. M. Iqbal, M.A., Drs. Asrul, MA., Dr. Qut}b believed that the sacred text was a book of guidance Harun al-Rasyid, MA and other colleagues at Graduate Pro- and inspiration with immediate relevance to contemporary gram State Institute for Islamic Studies, and the rejuvenated issues and challenges, giving direction to practical affairs as Miqot editorial board whose invaluable help in one way or though it had been revealed specifically for today’s prob- another contributed to the completion of writing this book. lems. It is suggested that social, political, economic, legal Heartfelt thank goes to my parents the late Syaikh and psychological factors contributed to his interpretation Abdollah Nasution (Tuan Kayulaut) and Salamah Lubis and revision. It is for this reason that, in the realm of law whose exemplars as parents and as Tuan Guru has become a many have identified Sayyid Qut}b’s concept of Islamic law source of inspiration for me in life. My sincere thank goes (Shari‘ah) with various labels such as dynamic jurisprudence, to all my brothers sisters and Siantar group for a very caring fiqh movement (fiqh al-h}arakah ) and fiqh al-wa>qi‘i> or new and affectionate relationship being in an extended family. realist science. My hearty thanks go to my beloved children: Fika, Luthfi, In writing this book I am indebted to many individuals Faiz and to my beloved wife Nurul Fithri Lubis, SE. Ak. for especially Prof. I.J. Boullata of the Institute of Islamic Studies their patience and understanding throughout the process of McGill University who did not only bring my attention closer conducting this research. to the oeuvre of Sayyid Qut}b but also introduced me to the Although I have received assistance from various indi- modern approach to Qur’anic Exegesis; Prof. Chibli Mallat viduals during the preparation of this work, nonetheless any and Prof William R. Darrow, a senior Fulbright visiting Pro- error and weakness of analysis and presentation appear there fessor at IAIN of North Sumatera Medan, for invaluable in are mine alone. comment and criticism. I would like to thank the Rector of the State Institute for Islamic Studies of North Sumatra Medan for nominating Medan, June 2010 this work in its book writing program, as well as for provid- ing funding for publication which is extremely inspiring and Mhd. Syahnan that will hopefully revive the academic life and will encour- age potential writers to produce more high quality work, and thus the program deserved high appreciation. I would like to thank Prof. Hasan Asari, M.A., Dr. viii CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LEGAL DISCOURSE CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LEGAL DISCOURSE ix TRANSLITERATION viii x CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LEGAL DISCOURSE CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LEGAL DISCOURSE xi 3. H{a>kimiyya ............................................. 39 4. Qut}b’s Attitude Towards Philosophy .... 41 5. Qut}b’s View on Nationalism ................. 45 TABLE OF CONTENTS III : THE TAFSIR FI< Z{ILA<>L AL-QUR’A>N .... 48 A. Background to the Writing of Fi> Z{ila>l al-Qur’a>n ..................................................... 48 page B. Qut}b’s Method of Qur’anic Interpretation .. 58 Preface ....................................................................... v C. Examination of Revisions of Fi> Z{ila>l List of Transliteration ................................................ viii al-Qur’a>n ..................................................... 70 Table of Contents....................................................... x D. Significance of Qut}b’s Qur’anic Interpretation ............................................... 77 I : SHARI@‘AH AND THE MODERN QUR’ANIC EXEGESIS .............................. 1 IV: SAYYID QUT{B’S ISLAMIC LEGAL A. Convergence of Shari>‘ah and Qur’anic THOUGHT..................................................... 80 Exegesis ....................................................... 1 A. Legislation and Shari‘ah ............................. 81 B. Literature Review of Sayyid Qut}b’s B. Legal Theory ............................................... 90 Thought ....................................................... 7 C. Fiqh H{araki and Waqi‘i> ............................... 99 C. Statement of the Issue and Objectives of Study ........................................................... 15 V : THE DYNAMICS OF SAYYID QUT{B’S ISLAMIC LEGAL DISCOURSE .............. 109 II : SAYYID QUT{B: HIS LIFE AND A. Alms-Tax and the (Zaka>t)-Related Verses ... 110 THOUGHT..................................................... 19 B. Usury and the (Riba> )-Related Verses ......... 114 A. Qut}b’s Background ...................................... 20 C. Criticism of Qut}b’s of Islamic Legal B. The Principles of Qut}b’s Thought ............... 30 Thought ....................................................... 123 1. Qut}b’s Conception of Religion/ Islam ... 30 2. Islam vs. Ja>hiliyya .................................. 36 VI: EPILOGUE..................................................... 140 x xii CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LEGAL DISCOURSE CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LEGAL DISCOURSE xiii BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................... 145 VITAE ....................................................................... 159 CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LEGAL DISCOURSE 1 ~ I ~ SHARI<‘AH AND MODERN QUR’ANIC EXEGESIS A. THE CONVERGENCE OF SHARI>‘AH AND QUR’ANIC EXEGESIS Based on its very basic tenets, Islam, probably more than any other religion, has the character of a legal system, which regulates the life, and thoughts of the believer in line with an ideal set of rules regarded as the only correct and valid one. This system, unlike positive law, proceeded from a high divine source embodying God’s will and justice. As the expression of the will of God, the shari>‘ah is regarded as the most perfect, eternal and just, designed for all time and characterized by universal application to all men.1 1For further discussion on this issue see inter alia, Abdur Rahim, Principles of Muhammadan Jurisprudence (Madras: n.p., 1911), 52-3, 56-8; M. Khadduri, War and Peace in the Law of Islam (Baltimore: n.p., 1955), 22-7; J.N.D. Anderson, “Law as a Social Force in Islamic Culture and History,” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 20 (1/3) (1957): 13-40. For a discussion of historical development see B. 1 2 CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LEGAL DISCOURSE CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC LEGAL DISCOURSE 3 The emergence of modern era at the turn of the 19th sitive and may lead to controversy.4 This is because such a century world order, marked the new phase in the develop- phenomenon apparently came to be associated with subju- ment of Islamic law which brought with it changes to re- gation to European powers. Even the conservative circles form the traditional understanding of jurisprudence which consider these as reductions of Islamic tradition. During the was mainly concentrated in the area of personal status (ah}wa>l beginning of the independence era, many of the Muslim al-shakhs}iyyah), and to a lesser extent in Islamic economics majority populated countries such as Egypt made a whole-
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Burn Your Way to Success Studies in the Mesopotamian Ritual And
    Burn your way to success Studies in the Mesopotamian Ritual and Incantation Series Šurpu by Francis James Michael Simons A thesis submitted to the University of Birmingham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Classics, Ancient History and Archaeology School of History and Cultures College of Arts and Law University of Birmingham March 2017 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract The ritual and incantation series Šurpu ‘Burning’ is one of the most important sources for understanding religious and magical practice in the ancient Near East. The purpose of the ritual was to rid a sufferer of a divine curse which had been inflicted due to personal misconduct. The series is composed chiefly of the text of the incantations recited during the ceremony. These are supplemented by brief ritual instructions as well as a ritual tablet which details the ceremony in full. This thesis offers a comprehensive and radical reconstruction of the entire text, demonstrating the existence of a large, and previously unsuspected, lacuna in the published version. In addition, a single tablet, tablet IX, from the ten which comprise the series is fully edited, with partitur transliteration, eclectic and normalised text, translation, and a detailed line by line commentary.
    [Show full text]
  • Tunisia and the Arab Democratic Awakening
    The New Era of the Arab World Tunisia and the Arab Democratic Awakening bichara khader the protest had reached the point of no return. Director Ben Ali calls in the army but it rebels and, through Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches sur le Monde Arabe the voice of its chief, refuses to shoot at the crowd. Keys Contemporain (CERMAC), Louvain-la-Neuve The regime collapses and the dictator, pursued, flees on 14 January 2011. Who would have foreseen such agitation? Who Tunisians themselves were surprised at the turn of dared hope that the Tunisian people would be ca- events. They were prone to believe that the dicta- pable of overturning a plundering police regime tor had sharp teeth and long arms, but he turned 2011 whose stability and strength were extolled in Eu- out to be a paper tiger in the face of a population Med. rope and elsewhere? Even those who are not nov- no longing fearing him and going into action. Evi- ices in Arab politics were taken by surprise, dumb- dently, fear changed sides. founded by the turn of events, stunned by the I pride myself in closely following political, eco- speed of the victory of the Tunisian people and nomic and social developments in Tunisia and astonished by the maturity and modernity that it the Arab world. Nevertheless, I must admit that I 15 displayed. was caught unawares. I wanted change; I deeply It is thus hardly astonishing that the uprising by hoped for it and never stopped repeating that the Tunisian people had the effect of an electro- “night is darkest just before the dawn” and that shock.
    [Show full text]
  • This May Be the Author's Version of a Work That Was
    This may be the author’s version of a work that was submitted/accepted for publication in the following source: Bishop, Chris, Paul, Gunther, & Thewlis, Dominic (2013) The reliability, accuracy and minimal detectable difference of a multi- segment kinematic model of the foot-shoe complex. Gait and Posture, 37(4), pp. 552-557. This file was downloaded from: https://eprints.qut.edu.au/49002/ c Consult author(s) regarding copyright matters This work is covered by copyright. Unless the document is being made available under a Creative Commons Licence, you must assume that re-use is limited to personal use and that permission from the copyright owner must be obtained for all other uses. If the docu- ment is available under a Creative Commons License (or other specified license) then refer to the Licence for details of permitted re-use. It is a condition of access that users recog- nise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. If you believe that this work infringes copyright please provide details by email to [email protected] License: Creative Commons: Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.5 Notice: Please note that this document may not be the Version of Record (i.e. published version) of the work. Author manuscript versions (as Sub- mitted for peer review or as Accepted for publication after peer review) can be identified by an absence of publisher branding and/or typeset appear- ance. If there is any doubt, please refer to the published source. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.09.020 G Model GAIPOS-3720; No.
    [Show full text]
  • Expressions Maghrébines
    Expressions maghrébines Revue de la Coordination internationale des chercheurs sur les littératures du Maghreb www.ub.edu/adhuc/em Vol. 19, n. 2, Hiver 2020 : Appel à articles Abdelwahab Meddeb ou des itinéraires d’un « passeur de cultures » Dossier coordonnée par Réda Bensmaïa Date limite de soumission des articles : 31 janvier 2020 Parution : décembre 2020 Le 6 novembre 2014, le poète franco-Tunisien de renom Abdelwahab Meddeb s'éteignait à Paris en laissant derrière lui une œuvre poétique et critique monumentale. Né dans une famille respectée d'érudits et de théologiens, Meddeb s’est très tôt démarqué des enseignements prodigués par l'instruction religieuse traditionnelle, caractérisée par l'apprentissage des textes canoniques et l'absence de recul critique. Les études de littérature et d'histoire de l'art qu'il allait poursuivre en France lui donneront l'occasion de forger les moyens de produire l'une des œuvres poétiques et critique des plus originales dans le domaine francophone. Parmi les nombreuses activités qu’il a menées sans relâche et avec brio de son vivant, Meddeb a créé et dirigé une revue — Dédale — qui a joué un rôle essentiel dans la prise en charge des grandes questions politiques et culturelles du siècle dernier et le début de ce siècle. Sa grande connaissance du Soufisme et des grands courants philosophiques et exégétiques des cultures arabes et européennes allait lui permettre de produire une œuvre poétique et critique qui n’a pas son pareil dans la culture francophone. Son ouverture intellectuelle allait aussi se traduire dans l’enseignement qu’il donnait à l’Université de Paris X et, jusqu'à son décès, dans les émissions-radio hebdomadaires qu’il consacrait aux Cultures d'islam sur France-Culture.
    [Show full text]
  • Cuneiform Sign List ⊭ ⅗⋼⊑∾ ⊭‸↪≿
    CUNEIFORM SIGN LIST ⊭ ⅗⋼⊑∾ ⊭‸↪≿ Kateřina Šašková Pilsen 2021 CONTENTS Cuneiform Sign List...........................................................................................................................3 References and Sources.................................................................................................................511 Abbreviations.................................................................................................................................513 2 CUNEIFORM SIGN LIST AŠ 001 001 U+12038 (ASH) (1, ANA , AS , AṢ , AŠ ‸ 3 3 3 ‸ (MesZL: see also U.DAR (nos. 670+183)), AŠA, AŠŠA, AZ3, DAL3, DEL, DELE, DEŠ2, DIL, DILI, DIŠ2, EŠ20, GE15, GEŠ4 (MesZL: perhaps to be erased, Deimel GEŠ), GUBRU2 (Labat; MesZL: GUBRU2 read LIRU2), ḪIL2 (Labat; MesZL: ḪIL2 missing), IN6 (MesZL: Labat IN3; Labat: IN6), INA, LIRI2 (MesZL: Labat GUBRU2), LIRU2 (MesZL: Labat GUBRU2), LIRUM2 (MesZL: Labat GUBRU2), MAKAŠ2, MAKKAŠ2, RAM2 (MesZL: ?), RIM5, RU3, RUM, SAGTAG, SAGTAK, SALUGUB, SANTA, SANTAG, SANTAK, SIMED (Labat: in index, in syllabary missing; 3 MesZL: SIMED missing), ŠUP2 (MesZL: Labat ŠUP3), ŠUP3 (Labat; MesZL: ŠUP2, ŠUP3 = ŠAB (no. 466)), TAL3, TIL4, ṬIL, UBU (Labat: in index, in syllabary missing; MesZL: UBU = GE23 (no. 575)), UTAK (Labat: in index, in syllabary missing; MesZL: UTAK = GE22 (no. 647))) (ePSD; Akkadian Dictionary) AŠ.DAR (MesZL: also AŠ.TAR2, old form of U.DAR (no. U+12038 & 670), see also U+1206F 001+183 001+114 (ASH & GE23.DAR (no. 575) ‸ ‸ DAR) and DIŠ.DAR (no. 748)) (ePSD; Akkadian Dictionary)
    [Show full text]
  • Score Transliteration: Sb Tablet Iii 1
    SCORE TRANSLITERATION: SB TABLET III 1 TABLET III Siglum Museum number Plate in George Distribution of lines by column Bab. Gilg. Epic NINEVEH M1 K 3423+Sm 2097+Rm 579 61–2 M2 K 4474 61 M3 K 8558 61 M4 K 8573 62 i 2–22 (M3), 31–36 (M2) iv 117–132 (M1) ii 37–54 (M1), 42–58 (M3), 62–69 (M2) v 149'–164' (M1) iii 70–87, unplaced traces (M1) vi 166–73 (M4) BB1 K 9885+80-7-19, 306 63–5 BB2 BM 98990 (Ki 1904-10-9, 19) 63–5 i 1–28 (BB2) iv 146–58 (BB1) ii 45–58 (BB1) v 202–205 (BB1) iii 87–93 (BB1) vi 223–33 (BB2) BABYLON c BM 34191+41835 59 i 16–44 v 166–73 – vi 207–24 i BM 35079+35103 68 ii 60–74 iii 96–108 y VAT 19286 (BE 27125) 68 84–93 (excerpt on reverse of multi-column exercise tablet) URUK aa IM 76873 (W 23130) 66–7 ii 43–69, 79–80 iv 120–44 iii 81–116 – Score transliteration ki 1 BB2 i 1 [a]-«na» [ka-a-ri ·á] «uruk » [fli-¿a-a ina ·ul-mi] 2 M3 i 2 [ ] «e-mu»-[ ] d BB2 i 2 [l]a ta-tak-kil « GI∞»-gím-ma· a-na «gi-mir» e-«mu-qí-ka» 3 M3 i 3 [ -i]◊-ka tuk-[ ] BB2 i 3 [i]-na-ka li·-ba-a mi-¿i-i◊-ka tuk-k[il] 4 M3 i 4 [ -p]a-a ú-·e-e[z- ] BB2 i 4 «a»-lik ma¿-ri TAB.BA-a ú-·e-ez-z[eb] 2 SCORE TRANSLITERATION: SB TABLET III 5 M3 i 5 [ ] «i»-bir-·u i◊-«◊ur» BB2 i 5 ·á flú-du i-du-ú i-bir-·ú i◊-◊u[r] 6 M3 i 6 [ ] i-na pa-ni-ka d BB2 i 6 [l]il-lik en-ki-dù i-na pa-ni-k[a] ? gi· gi· 7 M3 i 7 [ -na]m ·á TIR EREN gi· gi· BB2 i 7 «i»-de KASKAL.MIN ·á TIR EREN 8 M3 i 8 [ q]ab-lum kul-lum BB2 i 8 [t]a-¿a-zi a-mir-ma qab-lu kul-lu[m] 9 M3 i 9 [ l]i-i◊-◊ur tap-pa-a li-·al-lim d BB2 i 9 en-ki-dù ib-ri li-i◊-◊ur tap-pa-a li-·al-li[m] 10 M3 i 10 [ -r]a-a-ta
    [Show full text]
  • Jihadist Attacks and Academic Controversies in France (2012-2017)
    Dilemas - Revista de Estudos de Conflito e Controle Social ISSN: 1983-5922 ISSN: 2178-2792 [email protected] Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Brasil Does Jihadist Terrorism Have Religious Foundations? Jihadist Attacks and Academic Controversies in France (2012-2017) Lévy, René Does Jihadist Terrorism Have Religious Foundations? Jihadist Attacks and Academic Controversies in France (2012-2017) Dilemas - Revista de Estudos de Conflito e Controle Social, vol. 12, no. 2, 2019 Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil Available in: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=563860269002 Esta obra está licenciada sob uma licença Creative Commons Atribuição - Não Comercial 4.0 Internacional. This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International. PDF generated from XML JATS4R by Redalyc Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative René Lévy. Does Jihadist Terrorism Have Religious Foundations? Jihadist Attacks and Academic Contr... Artículos Does Jihadist Terrorism Have Religious Foundations? Jihadist Attacks and Academic Controversies in France (2012-2017) O terrorismo jihadista tem fundamentos religiosos? Ataques jihadistas e controvérsias acadêmicas na França (2012-2017) René Lévy Redalyc: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa? Université de Versailles- Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, id=563860269002 Francia [email protected] Received: 11 March 2019 Accepted: 26 March 2019 Abstract: e wave of terrorist attacks in France in recent years has provoked a great deal of debate but many questions remain unanswered. One major controversy concerns the role religion plays in people taking jihadist action. e aim of this article is to resituate how debate on this question has been structured. e first part of the article examines contemporary jihadism as a knowledge object in the French intellectual context.
    [Show full text]
  • Fundamentalism: Study of Islamic History Djamiatul Islamiyah IAIN
    ISLAH: Journal of Islamic Literature and History Vol. 1, No. 2, December 2020: p. 95-110 DOI: 10.18326/islah.v1.i2.95-110 ISSN : 2723-407X Website: https://e-journal.iainsalatiga.ac.id/index.php/islah Fundamentalism: Study of Islamic History Djamiatul Islamiyah IAIN Salatiga [email protected] Submission Track: Received: 20-09-2020 Final Revision: 18-11-2020 Available Online: 01-12-2020 Abstract This paper is a literary study by analyzing various thoughts from various readings. The concern of this study is about fundamentalism in the study of Islamic history. The discussion material includes; contextualization, history, and various thoughts in response to fundamentalism. Regarding contextualization, a discussion arises whether fundamentalism exists as a product, as an agent, or both. If it is related to social changes in Islamic society in particular, is Islamic fundamentalism more of a religion matters? Some refer to the events of the Iranian revolution in 1979, to the 18th century Wahhabi movement, some others point to the Al-Mihnah policy by the Mu'tazilah during the reign of the caliph Al-Ma'mun in the 9th century. There are even those who say that the genealogy of fundamentalism has existed since the beginning of Islamic history, namely the emergence of the Khawarij which is seen as having the same qualifications as contemporary fundamentalism. Responses to fundamentalists have been written in various ways, such as the assumption about the hegemonic nature of Western civilization which is said to be an obstacle to the accommodation of the basics of mutual equality, as well as an attitude of mutual respect and recognition.
    [Show full text]
  • A Bibliometric Analysis of the Evolution of Contemporary Islamic Thought
    religions Article Post-Islamism and Intellectual Production: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Evolution of Contemporary Islamic Thought Mohamed Amine Brahimi 1,* and Houssem Ben Lazreg 2,* 1 Department of Sociology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA 2 Department of Modern Languages & Cultural Studies, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E6, Canada * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.A.B.); [email protected] (H.B.L.) Abstract: The advent of the 1990s marked, among other things, the restructuring of the Muslim world in its relation to Islam. This new context has proved to be extremely favorable to the emergence of scholars who define themselves as reformists or modernists. They have dedicated themselves to reform in Islam based on the values of peace, human rights, and secular governance. One can find an example of this approach in the works of renowned intellectuals such as Farid Esack, Mohamed Talbi, or Mohamed Arkoun, to name a few. However, the question of Islamic reform has been debated during the 19th and 20th centuries. This article aims to comprehend the historical evolution of contemporary reformist thinkers in the scientific field. The literature surrounding these intellectuals is based primarily on content analysis. These approaches share a type of reading that focuses on the interaction and codetermination of religious interpretations rather than on the relationships and social dynamics that constitute them. Despite these contributions, it seems vital to question this contemporary thinking differently: what influence does the context of post-Islamism have on the emergence of this intellectual trend? What connections does it have with the social sciences and Citation: Brahimi, Mohamed Amine, humanities? How did it evolve historically? In this context, the researchers will analyze co-citations and Houssem Ben Lazreg.
    [Show full text]
  • Islam and Its Discontents: an Interview with Frank Berberich*
    Islam and Its Discontents: An Interview with Frank Berberich* Downloaded from http://direct.mit.edu/octo/article-pdf/doi/10.1162/016228702317274611/1750969/016228702317274611.pdf by guest on 30 September 2021 ABDELWAHAB MEDDEB Translated by Pierre Joris Frank Berberich: How can one describe, five days after the events of September 11, the situation in the Arab world? How are the New York events received? The Arab and the Islamic world seem torn, but it is clear that this action has some sympathizers; on the one hand it is certain that the majority of those opinions are opposed to a Western military reaction. On the other, one has the feeling that the manner in which Americans interpret this action ignores that these events are inscribed in a history to which it is indispensable to return. Abdelwahab Meddeb: The Islamic world is complex and multiple. Those who judged this act barbaric and condemned it without hesitation are the Westernized in the Islamic world. And they are numerous, more numerous than one would think—in quantitative terms maybe ten percent; they are Westernized in their minds and in their habits, they accept occidental modernity and have chosen it as their way of living and being. Further, there is a majority that thinks otherwise—without necessarily rejoicing, as was shown in certain Palestinian camps in Lebanon or on a street in East Jerusalem; those manifestations must have been very limited because even if such a feeling corresponds to an immediate emotional reaction, those who have a modicum of political vision very quickly realized the catastrophic scope of such images—for it is also a question of a war of images and the question of the image is central to this whole affair.
    [Show full text]
  • SB Gilgamesh Tablet IV
    SCORE TRANSLITERATION: SB TABLET IV 1 TABLET IV Siglum Museum number Plate in George Distribution of lines by column Bab. Gilg. Epic NINEVEH S K 7224 65 [obv. not extant] vi 210–19 The placing of MS S in Tablet IV is provisional Y1 K 8586 69 Y2 Sm 1040 69 Y3 79-7-8, 342 69 i 22–43 (Y1) iv – iii 87–109 (Y2) v 1'–7' (Y3) and see DD AA K 8591 70 [obv. not extant] v 192–205 vi 226–250 CC K 10777 69–70 iii 84–96 iv 159–164 MSS AA and CC may belong together DD K 13525 69 [obv. not extant] v 190–98 Possibly part of MS Y BABYLON r BM 45883 71 iii 120–9 iv 161–4 t BM 93052 52 ii 69–75 [rev. not extant] iii 1'–9' u Rm 853, obv. 71 i 33–37 vi see Tablet V* URUK w1 VAT 14512 71 w2 VAT 14513 71 i 1–5 (w1) iv 155–76 (w2) ii 34–37 (w1) v see Tablet V* iii [not extant] vi colophon? (w1) BABYLONIA v private collection, ex Amherst 52 [obv. not extant] iv 158–65 Score transliteration * MSS u and w (almost certainly), and probably also the other Babylonian MSS, belong to a recension of the text in which the division between Tablets IV and V falls much later than in the Ninevite tablets. The Assyrian division is adopted here, so that the fragments of text preserved in cols. v and vi of MSS u and w are edited as parts of Tablet V.
    [Show full text]
  • The Radicalization of Muslim Immigrants from the Second and Third Generation in Europe: Does Inspire Magazine Tell Us Something About It?
    THE RADICALIZATION OF MUSLIM IMMIGRANTS FROM THE SECOND AND THIRD GENERATION IN EUROPE: DOES INSPIRE MAGAZINE TELL US SOMETHING ABOUT IT? Daniela Spînu (PhD Candidate, University of Bucharest, Romania) Copyright: www.rieas.gr Introduction Radical Islam has gained more and more adherents among muslim migrants of the second and third generation. Individuals, who no longer identify with any nation state, are prisoners between two cultures and, while living in western European society, studying in European universities, getting married and having children, they resort to radical action. In the knowledge society, intelligence communities must connect to complex situations, difficult to prevent, citizens of European countries turning into executives of terrorist attacks on European soil. Moreover, at the European level, after London and Madrid bombings, the radicalization process is viewed as one of the most important national security threat. Bearing this in mind, Europol’s 2009 Report on terrorist activity in Europe identify a particular risk to global security: increasing recruitment of terrorist supporters from the EU citizens. Therefore, the document focuses mainly on those from the second generation immigrants, and on the number of those who had attended training camps in Pakistan1. Coming across with this prediction the 2010 report pinpoints that “Islamist terrorism is often facilitated through transnational contacts between individuals residing in many EU Member States and other parts of the world”2. 20113 brings to the fore deep transformations, the composition of terrorist groups becoming different: multinational command and control no longer depend on assistance from outside of Europe, 1 TE-SAT 2009, Eu Terrorism Situation and Trend Report, (http://www.europol.europa.eu/publications/EU_Terrorism_Situation_and_Trend_Report_TE-SAT/TESAT2009.pdf) p.22.
    [Show full text]