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Shamanvol14 2006.Pdf SHAMAN Articles in this volume are dedicated to Professor Åke Hultkrantz, Honorary Editor-in-Chief of Shaman. Journal of the International Society for Shamanistic Research on the occasion of his eighty-fifth birthday Part Two Sponsored by Ministry of Cultural Heritage The National Cultural Fund of Hungary Front cover: The classic shamanistic initiatory position. Photograph by Željko Jokić Back cover: The ocelot-spirit is approaching. Photograph by Željko Jokić. Photographs from Željko Jokić, Cosmo-genesis or Transformation of the Human Body into a Cosmic Body in Yanomami Shamanistic Initiation Copyright © Molnar & Kelemen Oriental Publishers Photos © Mihály Hoppál, Željko Jokić, Daniel A. Kister, László Kunkovács and Juha Pentikäinen All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, elec- tronic, photocopying or otherwise, without permission in writing from the publishers. ISSN 1216-7827 Printed in Hungary SHAMAN Volume 14 Numbers 1 & 2 Spring/Autumn 2006 Contents Åke Hultkrantz 5 Articles Power of Spirits: Spirituality in Denmark MERETE DEMANT JAKOBSEN 9 Cosmo-genesis or Transformation of the Human Body into a Cosmic Body in Yanomami Shamanistic Initiation ŽELJKO Jokić 19 Chinese Seasonal Shamanist Rituals: Diversity of Ritual Modes, Participants, and Meanings DANIEL A. KISTER 41 The Bear Myth from a Finnish and Uralic Perspective JUHA PENTIKÄINEN 61 The Contribution of Shamanism to Cognitive Science HELMUT WAUTISCHER 81 Shamanism and Biological Origins of Religiosity MICHAEL WINKELMAN 89 Field Reports Batïrkan, a Kazakh Shaman from the Altay Mountains (Mongolia) DÁVID SOMFAI KARA, LÁSZLÓ KUNKOVÁCS and JÁNOS SIPOS 117 Vasiliı˘ Dunkai, a New Shaman for the Udeghe People KIRA VAN DEUSEN 139 Book Review Rachel Harris. Singing the Village. Music, Memory and Ritual among the Sibe of Xinjiang (Mihály Hoppál) 145 News and Notes The 8th Conference of the International Society for Shamanistic Research (ISSR), Hungary, 2007 147 VOL. 14. NOS. 1-2. SHAMAN SPRING/AUTUMN 2006 Åke Hultkrantz Åke Gunnar Birger Hultkrantz was born in Kalmar, Sweden, on 1 April 1920. On completing his education in Kalmar and Stockholm, he received his school-leaving certificate in Stockholm in May 1939. He then commenced his studies in comparative religion, ethnology and history at the University of Stockholm, where he earned a C.Phil. degree in 1943. His graduate studies earned him a Ph.D. in Ethnology in 1946 and another in Comparative Religion in 1953. He was named a Senior Lecturer at the University in 1953 and served in this capac- ity until 1958. That year he was appointed Professor of Comparative Religion at the same university and concurrently became Director of the Institute of Comparative Religion there. He was named Professor Emeritus in 1986, and received an honorary Doctorate of Theology from the University of Helsinki in 1997. Prof. Hultkrantz was Chairman and Board Member of numerous Swedish associations and learned societies. He was Chairman of the Swedish Americanist Society. He is also a member of Scientific Societies in a number of countries and an honorary fellow of learned Societies and Academies of Sciences in Sweden, Finland, Austria and the United States. He is a Fellow of the American Anthropological Association. He was made Vice President of the International Congress of Americanists held in Stockholm and Uppsala in 1994. He also won prizes for his academic achievements in 1980 (Americanist Congress, Winnipeg) and 1993 (International Society for Shamanistic Research, Budapest). Prof. Hultkrantz was a Visiting Professor in Boston (Brandeis Uni- versity, 1958), Santa Barbara (University of California, 1973, 1977, 1980, 1990), Missoula (University of Montana, 1977, 1980), Budapest (1970), Vienna (1973) and Aberdeen (1976), as well as in Bloomington, Leicester, Frankfurt, Cologne, Oslo, Bergen, Helsinki and Turku. He has participated in a host of conferences (Wenner-Gren Anthropolog- ical Conference, New York, 1968; International Congress of Learned Societies in the Field of Religion, Los Angeles, 1972; Conference 6 on Methodological Progress in Religion, Warsaw, 1979; Conference on Initiation Rites, Rome, 1984; Conference on Methods in Social Science, Durban, 1984). He was chosen President of the Conference on Shamanism in Budapest in 1993. He has also attended numerous Congresses of Americanists (since 1956) and of the Association of the History of Religions (since 1970), as well as other important confer- ences. Prof. Hultkrantz was invited to give the Gifford Lectures (Aber- deen, 1981–82) and the Foerster Lecture (Berkeley, 1983). He was also asked to hold a special lecture at Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill., 1980). He has carried out fieldwork among the Lapps, or Saami, (1944, 1946), the Shoshone of Wyoming and Idaho (altogether one and a half years during the years 1948–1990), the Northern Plains Indians (particularly the Arapaho) and the California Indians. Prof. Hultkrantz has published some 400 papers, including 25 books, in Ethnology, Comparative Religion and Folklore. His main interests are Methodology (including Ethnohistory and Ecology of Religion), the reli- gions of the North American Indians (in particular the Plains and Great Basin Indians), the Saami religion of Scandinavia, circumpolar religions in general, Shamanism and the cultural history of North American Indi- ans. His publications have appeared in Swedish, Norwegian, English, German, French, Spanish, Italian and Hungarian. A selected bibliography follows: 1. Conceptions of the Soul among North American Indians (Ethno- graphical Museum of Sweden, 1953) 2. The North American Indian Orpheus Tradition (Ethnographical Museum of Sweden, 1957) 3. General Ethnological Concepts (A dictionary, Rosenhilde and Bagger, 1960) 4. The Supernatural Owners of Nature (Almqvist & Wiksell, 1961) 5. Les religions des indiens primitifs de l’Amérique (Almqvist & Wiksell, 1963) 6. Les religions arctiques et finnoises (Payot, 1965) (with Ivar Paul- son and Karl Jettmar) 7. Metodvägar inom den jämförande religionsforskningen [Methods in Comparative Religion] (Esselte studium, 1973) 8. Iconography of Religion: Prairie and Plains Indians (Brill, 1973) 9. Studies in Lapp Shamanism (Almqvist & Wiksell, 1978) (with Louise Bäckman) Åke Hultkrantz 7 10. The Religions of the American Indians (University of California Press, 1979) 11. Belief and Worship in Native North America (Syracuse University Press, 1981) 12. The Hunters: their Culture and Way of Life (Tromsø, Universitetsvorlaget, 1982) (edited with Ørnulf Vorren) 13. The Study of American Indian Religions (Crossroad and Scholars Press, 1983) 14. Saami Pre-Christian Religion (1985) (with Louise Bäckman) (Universitet Stockholms) 15. Native Religions of North America (Crossroad, 1987) 16. Vem är vem i nordisk mytologi [Who is Who in Nordic Mythology] (Rabén & Sjögren, 1991) 17. Shamanic Healing and Ritual Drama (Crossroad, 1992) 18. Soul and Native Americans (Spring Publications, 1997) 19. The Attraction of Peyote (Almqvist & Wiksell, 1997) 20. Das Buch der Schamanen. Nord-und Südamerika (Motovun Book GmbH, Luzern, Schweiz, 2002) Many of these books have been translated into other languages. Prof. Hultkrantz has edited numerous works, and was the editor of the following series: Stockholm Studies in Comparative Religion and Stockholm Dissertations in Comparative Religion (published by the Institute of Comparative Religion at the University of Stockholm). He is also co-editor of many Scandinavian and American journals and Honorary Editor-in-Chief of the new journal, Shaman. Journal of the International Society for Shamanistic Research. Prof. Hultkrantz has been honoured with three festschrifts, one American and two Swedish. In 1999, he was awarded the Sparrman Medallion by the Ethnographical Museum in Stockholm. Editors’ Note. The Editors would like to express their sincere gratitude to Geraldine Hultkrantz for contributing this article to the present special issue of Shaman, as well as for the pictures on plates 1–3 that provide us with a few glimpses of the remarkable life of Åke Hultkrantz. VOL. 14. NOS. 1-2. SHAMAN SPRING/AUTUMN 2006 Power of Spirits: Spirituality in Denmark MERETE DEMANT JAKOBSEN OXFORD In Denmark many churches are almost empty. While the clergy publicly discuss the existence of God, television programmes on spirit manifes- tations recently attracted high numbers of viewers. These programmes present a “hands-on” relationship to the supernatural in which ordinary people relate their experiences of spirits. The fascination with the spirit world has always existed side by side with established religion and has been frowned upon if not seen as heresy by the church. Earlier it would have been questionable to show interest in the impact of ancestor spirits, but within the last few years it has become commonplace through popu- lar TV programmes and newspapers. As this volume of Shaman. Journal of the International Society for Shamanistic Research is a tribute to a distinguished Swedish researcher I thought it appropriate to give a present day picture of another Scandina- vian country, Denmark, and the growing interest in the world of spirits. I will look specifically at a television programme, “Power of Spirits,” which was extremely popular and had high numbers of viewers. The programme commenced at the start of the new millennium and was created by Thomas Breinholt. It was structured around visits to Danish people in different parts of the country who experienced that
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