DOCSLIB.ORG

Beast and Man in India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Beast and Man in India m ?NW'^t... *%, -;& ?> } > ! ! , : i j y"i :' QL 301 G/C BEAST AND MAN IN INDIA BEAST AND MAN IN INDIA A POPULAR SKETCH OF INDIAN ANIMALS IN THEIR RELATIONS WITH THE PEOPLE BY JOHN LOCKWOOD KIPLING, C.I.E. WITH ILLUSTRATIONS MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED NEW YORK : THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1904 A II rights reserved I think I could turn and live with animals, they are so placid and self-contained I stand and look at them long and long. They do not sweat and whine about their condition, They do not lie awake in the dark and weep for their sins, They do not make me sick discussing their duty to God, Not one is dissatisfied, not one is demented with the mania of owning things." WALT WHITMAN. ; Second, 1892, 1904 TO THE OTHER THREE CONTENTS CHAP. i. INTRODUCTORY . 2. OF BIRDS . .16 3. OF MONKEYS . 5^ 4. OF ASSES . 75 5. OF GOATS AND SHEEP . 87 6. OF Cows AND OXEN . 103 7. OF BUFFALOES AND PIGS . 154 8. OF HORSES AND MULES 164 2 9. OF ELEPHANTS . 7 10. OF CAMELS . 244 261 11. OF DOGS, FOXES, AND JACKALS .282 12. OF CATS . 288 13. OF ANIMAL CALLS . 14. OF ANIMAL TRAINING . 292 15. OF REPTILES . 33 16. OF ANIMALS IN INDIAN ART . 320 17. OF BEAST FIGHTS . 344 . 2 18. OF ANIMALS AND THE SUPERNATURAL . 35 ILLUSTRATIONS CALIGRAPHIC TIGER . Milnshi Sher Muhammad . Dedication PAGE BIRD SCARING ". J. L. Kipling . 15 INITIAL (A PUNJAB WINDOW) . Amir Bakhsh . 16 THE PARROT'S CAGE . /. L. Kipling . 18 A PERFORMING PARROT . do. .21 A BIRD-SINGING MATCH (DELHI ARTISANS) do . 23 THE FAMILIAR CROW . do. .28 CALF AND CROWS . do. 29 TERRA -COTTA SEED AND WATER TROUGH (FROM A PUNJAB VILLAGE MOSQUE) . .48 UNHOODED F. H. Andrews . .... 51. MONKEY GOD (FROM AN INDIAN LITHOGRAPH) . 56 LANGURS AT HOME . J. L. Kipling . 58 YOUNG MONKEYS AT PLAY . do. 69 INITIAL LETTER (ASSES IN A CITY ALLEY) do. 76 THE POTTER AND HIS DONKEY . do. So A HINDU SACRIFICIAL KNIFE . Mnnshi Sher Muhammad . 87 A DOMESTIC SACRIFICE (MUHAMMADAN) . J. L. Kipling . 89 ON THE DUSTY HIGHWAY . do. 92 " MILCH GOATS ". do. 94 do. A GUILTY GOAT . 95 ILLUSTRATIONS ILLUSTRATIONS A RAJA'S HORSE (\VAZIRI BREED) . J. L. Kipling . 181 A MONEY-LENDER ON A DECCAN POXY . do. 183 BOMBAY TRAM-HORSE WEARING HORSE-CAP J. Griffiths . 185 PUNJAB FARMER ON A BRANDED MARE . /. L. Kipling . 187 THE EKKA, NORTHERN INDIA . do. 191 AN INDIAN FARRIER . do. 195 A BEGGAR ON HORSEBACK (HINDU DEVOTEE) do. 203 THE WHEELS OF A MOUNTAIN BATTERY do. 205 FROM THE SANCHI TOPE ... do. 207 GANESHA (FROM AN ANCIENT HINDU SCULPTURE) do. 209 SHIV OR MAHADEO, WITH THE INFANT GANESH (FROM AN INDIAN LITHOGRAPH) . .210 IF GANESHA STOOD . J. L. Kipling . 212 AN ELEPHANT GOAD (ANKUS) . Milnshi Sher Muhammad . 227 UNDRESS _ . J- L. Kipling . 229 A PAINTED ELEPHANT . Milnshi Sher Muhammad . 231 WAITING FOR THE RAJA . J. L. Kipling . 234 IN ROYAL STATE .... do. 236 ELEPHANT PILING TIMBER (BURMAH) . do. 240 ELEPHANT LIFTING TEAK LOGS (BURMAH) do. 241 BILOCH FAMILY ON THE MARCH . do. 244 IN A SERAI (REST-HOUSE) ... do. 248 RAJPUT CAMEL-RIDER'S BELT . Miinshi Sher Mtihammad . 249 RAJPUT CAMEL GUNS . J. L. Kipling . 255 THE LEADING CAMEL OF A KAFILA (AFGHANISTAN) do. 259 A SUBALTERN'S DOG-BOY ... do. 261 OUTCASTES (A BEGGING LEPER AND PARIAH DOGS) do. 265 PLAYFELLOWS . do. 268 IN FLOODTIME do. 280 ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE A HUNTING CHEETAH J. L. Kipling . 294 A RESTLESS BEDFELLOW ... do. 296 A BEAR LEADER .... do. 298 PERFORMING MONKEYS AND GOAT . do. 299 A PERFORMING BULL (MADRAS) . do. 301 VISHNU RECLINING ON THE SERPENT (FROM AN INDIAN LITHO- GRAPH) . ..... 303 A SNAKE-CHARMER . J. L. Kipling . 316 INITIAL LETTER (DECORATIVE PARROTS) . do. 320 MODERN ELEPHANT SCULPTURE, FROM THE TOMB OF SOWAI JAI SINGH, MAHARAJA OF JEYPORE . /. L. Kipling . 324 BORAK. CALIGRAPHIC PICTURE COMPOSED OF PRAYERS Miinshi Sher Muhammad . 325 IN . /.. SMALL WARES METAL /. Kipling . 330 BIRDS BY AN INDIAN DRAUGHTSMAN .... 332 A PERI ON A CAMEL . Bhai Isur Singh . 333 KRISHNA ON AN . ELEPHANT do. 334 KRISHNA ON A HORSE . do. 335 NANDI OR SACRED BULL J. L. Kipling . 336 CATTLE BY AN UNKNOWN INDIAN . ARTIST . 338 A HEROINE AN INDIAN . PUNJAB (FROM LITHOGRAPH) . 342 ANTELOPES. AN INDIAN ARTIST'S . FANTASY . 34-. BUFFALO . BULLS . FIGHTING . /. L. Kipling . 344 A DYING . BULLOCK . (FiNis). do. 360 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY WHEN, on the 2ist March 1890, under the auspices of the Hon. Sir Andrew Scoble, the Legislative Council of India passed an Act (XL of 1890) for the pre- vention of cruelty to animals, some surprise was expressed in England that legislation should be necessary for a people who have long been quoted as an example of mercy. It was hinted that Orientals must have learned cruelty, as they have learned drunkenness, from brutal Britons. Those who know India need not be told that this insinuation is groundless, since both vices have for ages been rooted in the life of Eastern as of all the nations under heaven. The general conclusion of cultivated Europe as to the temper of Orientals towards animals is expressed by Mr. Lecky, in a clause of the sentence with which he concludes a survey of a growth of consideration for animals as an element of public morals, in his History of European Morals from Constantinc to Charlemagne, and runs thus: " The Muhammadans and the Brahmans have in this sphere considerably surpassed the Christians." There is enough truth in this statement to give B BEAST AND MAN interest to an examination of it. The gulf that must exist between religious prescriptions that have earned a world -wide reputation for mercy and a practice which has led a Government, strongly adverse to unnecessary legislation, to frame an enactment for the prevention of cruelty, deserves looking into. We ought, perhaps, to distrust most of the compendious phrases which presume to label our complex and para- doxical humanity with qualities and virtues, like drugs in a drawer. At all events, it is better not to try to make another rule but to offer a few general consider- ations and details of actual fact, leaving the Christian to frame his summary for himself. The wholesale ascription of tender mercy to India may not unfairly be held to be part of a wide and general misconception of Indian life and character, of which the administrator, the schoolmaster, and the missionary have reason to complain. They find on closer acquaintance that both Hindus and Muham- madans are more human and more like the rest of the world than the conventional pictures of Scholars, working from a dead and done -with literature, had led them to expect. Some of the most authoritative of these writers have never ventured to disturb their dreams by contact with the living India of to-day, and their gushing periods have, in consequence, as much actuality as Gulliver's Travels. For nearly all, the last few centuries of this era do not exist. To judge from their writings, the English power in India might have succeeded that of the Gupta kings. No mention is made of the horrible hole of the pit from which the was and the events that country digged ; really shaped the character and habits of the people are ignored INTRODUCTORY in favour of ancient lawgivers and forgotten Vedas. Nothing could be more scholarly, amiable, sentimental, or mistaken, and the plain result is a falsification of history which has more ill effects than are visible on the narrow horizon of an English study. It is not a pleasant subject to dwell upon, but there " " is no more fitting adjective than cruel for the India of the late Mogul and the Pindari. We may allow that through centuries of trouble the Hindu system availed to preserve Brahmanical ordinances, but these only affected a limited portion of the community. The masses of the people, who really have to do with animals, could not but be demoralised. So general precepts of mercy for the many shrank into ritual observances for the few. Moreover, such precepts as exist have been exaggerated in report. Strictly speaking, the Parsee religious code alone, among those of Oriental races, directly enjoins a humane and considerate treatment of all animals during their life, as may be fully learned from the Book of Ardha Viraf, the Dante of the Zoroastrian Inferno. The Hindu worships the cow, and as a rule is reluctant to take the life of any animal except in sacrifice. But that does not preserve the ox, the horse, and the ass from being unmercifully beaten, over-driven, over-laden, under-fed, and worked with sores under their harness ; nor does it save them from abandonment to starvation when unfit for work, and to a lingering death which is made a long torture by birds of prey, whose beaks, powerless to kill outright, inflict undeserved torment. And the same code which exalts the Brahman and the cow, thrusts the dog, the ass, the buffalo, the pig, and the low-caste man beyond the pale of merciful regard. The loving-kindness of which we hear is, in modern BEAST AND MAN fact and deed, a vague reluctance to take life by a for a ex- positive sudden act, except sacrifice, large ception, and a ceremonial reverence for the cow, which does not avail to secure even for her such good treatment as the milch cows of Europe receive. There are some castes who hold it wrong even to accidentally destroy an insect, who keep a cloth before their mouths to prevent swallowing them, and who brush the ground before they seat themselves, so that they may not crush out some minute life.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Indian Martial Arts by Master E
    1 Indian Martial Arts by Master E. Edwards [email protected] The following is a rendering of an article by Master E. Edwards that appeared on pages 12 – 14 of his 20th Anniversary Souvenir Program. Master Edward’s website is www.kalari-payat.org. Indian Martial Arts Origin – Even at the dawn of man’s existence, one of the first arts man was forced to learn, for self-preservation, was the art of self-defense and therefore origin of martial arts anywhere in the world will ultimately always be traced back to the origin of man. Early man had to learn not only to effectively defend himself against his enemies but also against marauding and carnivorous animals. Mind, Body and Spirit – Among the various arts developed in India, recognized for her rich cultural heritage dating back several centuries before Christ, was the one pertaining to martial arts. Ancient Indian philosophies were handed down from generation to generation normally by word of mouth or written on palm leaf manuscripts, which incredibly are still available for inspection. These oral and written philosophies give us a clear indication that the sages of yore, apart from their usual study of religion and philosophy, never neglected the study of the human anatomy incorporating the mind, body and spirit. It is precisely from this study that the various sciences of war and the indigenous Ayurvedic medical treatment emerged. Link between, Japanese, Chinese & Indian martial arts – In the southern peninsula of India there is clear evidence showing that martial arts were practiced during the 6th and 7th century.
    [Show full text]
  • Série Antropologia 103 Three Essays on Anthropology in India
    Universidade de Brasília Instituto de Ciências Humanas Departamento de Antropologia 70910.900 – Brasília, DF Fone: +55 61 3307 3006 Série Antropologia 103 Three essays on anthropology in India Mariza Peirano This issue brings together the translation into English of numbers 57, 65 and 83 of Série Antropologia. The present title replaces the former “Towards Anthropo- logical Reciprocity”, its designation from 1990 to 2010. 1990 Table of contents Introduction .............................................................................. 2 Acknowledgements .................................................................. 7 Paper 1: On castes and villages: reflections on a debate.............. 8 Paper 2: “Are you catholic?” Travel report, theoretical reflections and ethical perplexities ………………….. 26 Paper 3: Anthropological debates: the India – Europe dialogue ...................................................... 54 1 Introduction The three papers brought together in this volume of Série Antropologia were translated from Portuguese into English especially to make them available for an audience of non- Brazilian anthropologists and sociologists. The papers were written with the hope that a comparison of the Brazilian with the Indian academic experience could enlarge our understanding of the social, historical and cultural implications of the development of anthropology in different contexts. This project started in the late 1970’s when, as a graduate student at Harvard University, I decided to take a critical look at the dilemmas that face
    [Show full text]
  • IPP: Bangladesh: Second Chittagong Hill Tracts Rural Development Project
    Second Chittagong Hill Tracts Rural Development Project (RRP BAN 42248) Indigenous Peoples Plan March 2011 BAN: Second Chittagong Hill Tracts Rural Development Project Prepared by ANZDEC Ltd for the Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs and Asian Development Bank. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 16 March 2011) Currency unit – taka (Tk) Tk1.00 = $0.0140 $1.00 = Tk71.56 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank ADR – alternative dispute resolution AP – affected person CHT – Chittagong Hill Tracts CHTDF – Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Facility CHTRC – Chittagong Hill Tracts Regional Council CHTRDP – Chittagong Hill Tracts Rural Development Project CI – community infrastructure DC – deputy commissioner DPMO – district project management office GOB – Government of Bangladesh GPS – global positioning system GRC – grievance redress committee HDC – hill district council INGO – implementing NGO IP – indigenous people IPP – indigenous peoples plan LARF – land acquisition and resettlement framework LCS – labor contracting society LGED – Local Government Engineering Department MAD – micro agribusiness development MIS – management information system MOCHTA – Ministry of Chittagong Hill Tracts Affairs NOTE (i) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. This indigenous peoples plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. 1 CONTENTS Page A. Executive Summary 3 B.
    [Show full text]
  • Tsr6903.Mu7.Ghotmu.C
    [ Official Game Accessory Gamer's Handbook of the Volume 7 Contents Arcanna ................................3 Puck .............. ....................69 Cable ........... .... ....................5 Quantum ...............................71 Calypso .................................7 Rage ..................................73 Crimson and the Raven . ..................9 Red Wolf ...............................75 Crossbones ............................ 11 Rintrah .............. ..................77 Dane, Lorna ............. ...............13 Sefton, Amanda .........................79 Doctor Spectrum ........................15 Sersi ..................................81 Force ................................. 17 Set ................. ...................83 Gambit ................................21 Shadowmasters .... ... ..................85 Ghost Rider ............................23 Sif .................. ..................87 Great Lakes Avengers ....... .............25 Skinhead ...............................89 Guardians of the Galaxy . .................27 Solo ...................................91 Hodge, Cameron ........................33 Spider-Slayers .......... ................93 Kaluu ....... ............. ..............35 Stellaris ................................99 Kid Nova ................... ............37 Stygorr ...............................10 1 Knight and Fogg .........................39 Styx and Stone .........................10 3 Madame Web ...........................41 Sundragon ................... .........10 5 Marvel Boy .............................43
    [Show full text]
  • Challenges of Islamic Da'wah in Bangladesh: the Christian
    IIUC STUDIES ISSN 1813-7733 Vol. – 4, December 2007 Published in April 2008 (p 87-108) Challenges of Islamic Da‘wah in Bangladesh: The Christian Missions and Their Evangelization Dr. Md. Yousuf Ali∗ Abu Sadat Nurullah∗∗ Abstract: Although Bangladesh is the second largest Muslim populated country in the world, there are several challenges of Islamic da‘wah here. The Christian mission, taking the opportunity of people’s poverty and distress, is evangelizing them through financial assistance and other means. The rapidly increasing number of conversion to Christianity among the tribal population is alarming. The missionary activities are spreading around the country, chiefly in the intellectual arena, in educational institutions, and in other aspects of life. The influence of it on the culture, education, religion and lifestyle of people results into converting people to the Christian ideology. Particularly the young generations are inclining towards this lucrative dogma of the new age. Media, both print and electronic, are propagating and claiming the banning of the da‘wah movement. In these situation, the Islamic da‘wah movements require to explore and implement new methodology to face the enormous challenges to prevent Bangladesh from becoming a Christian country in future. Keywords: Islamic da‘wah, Christian mission, and evangelization. Introduction: Bangladesh has the fourth largest concentration of Muslim populations in the world with a population of about 140 billion, of which 88 percent are Muslims. However, majority of the population (74 percent according to 2001 census) reside in rural area with lower economic condition and lowest standards of living. In fact, about half of the ∗ Assistant Professor, Faculty of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences, IIUM, Malaysia ∗∗ Student Department of Sociology and Anthropology, International Islamic University Malaysia IIUC Studies, Vol.
    [Show full text]
  • Socio-Economic Characteristics of Tribal Communities That Call Themselves Hindu
    Socio-economic Characteristics of Tribal Communities That Call Themselves Hindu Vinay Kumar Srivastava Religious and Development Research Programme Working Paper Series Indian Institute of Dalit Studies New Delhi 2010 Foreword Development has for long been viewed as an attractive and inevitable way forward by most countries of the Third World. As it was initially theorised, development and modernisation were multifaceted processes that were to help the “underdeveloped” economies to take-off and eventually become like “developed” nations of the West. Processes like industrialisation, urbanisation and secularisation were to inevitably go together if economic growth had to happen and the “traditional” societies to get out of their communitarian consciousness, which presumably helped in sustaining the vicious circles of poverty and deprivation. Tradition and traditional belief systems, emanating from past history or religious ideologies, were invariably “irrational” and thus needed to be changed or privatised. Developed democratic regimes were founded on the idea of a rational individual citizen and a secular public sphere. Such evolutionist theories of social change have slowly lost their appeal. It is now widely recognised that religion and cultural traditions do not simply disappear from public life. They are also not merely sources of conservation and stability. At times they could also become forces of disruption and change. The symbolic resources of religion, for example, are available not only to those in power, but also to the weak, who sometimes deploy them in their struggles for a secure and dignified life, which in turn could subvert the traditional or establish structures of authority. Communitarian identities could be a source of security and sustenance for individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • Martial Arts from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia for Other Uses, See Martial Arts (Disambiguation)
    Martial arts From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia For other uses, see Martial arts (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2011) Martial arts are extensive systems of codified practices and traditions of combat, practiced for a variety of reasons, including self-defense, competition, physical health and fitness, as well as mental and spiritual development. The term martial art has become heavily associated with the fighting arts of eastern Asia, but was originally used in regard to the combat systems of Europe as early as the 1550s. An English fencing manual of 1639 used the term in reference specifically to the "Science and Art" of swordplay. The term is ultimately derived from Latin, martial arts being the "Arts of Mars," the Roman god of war.[1] Some martial arts are considered 'traditional' and tied to an ethnic, cultural or religious background, while others are modern systems developed either by a founder or an association. Contents [hide] • 1 Variation and scope ○ 1.1 By technical focus ○ 1.2 By application or intent • 2 History ○ 2.1 Historical martial arts ○ 2.2 Folk styles ○ 2.3 Modern history • 3 Testing and competition ○ 3.1 Light- and medium-contact ○ 3.2 Full-contact ○ 3.3 Martial Sport • 4 Health and fitness benefits • 5 Self-defense, military and law enforcement applications • 6 Martial arts industry • 7 See also ○ 7.1 Equipment • 8 References • 9 External links [edit] Variation and scope Martial arts may be categorized along a variety of criteria, including: • Traditional or historical arts and contemporary styles of folk wrestling vs.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Non-Existence of "Dravidian Kinship"
    Edinburgh Papers In South Asian Studies Number 6, (1996) _____________________________________________________________________________ On the Non-Existence of "Dravidian Kinship" Anthony Good Social Anthropology School of Social & Political Studies University of Edinburgh For further information about the Centre and its activities, please contact the Convenor Centre for South Asian Studies, School of Social & Political Studies, University of Edinburgh, 55 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9LL. e-mail: [email protected] web page: www.ed.ac.uk/sas/ ISBN: 1 900 795 05 1 Paper Price: £2 inc. postage and packing On the Non–Existence of “Dravidian Kinship”* Anthony Good The proposition underlying this paper is a simple one, namely, that there is no such thing as the Dravidian kinship system. Naturally, such a stark statement requires a great deal of qualification and explanation if it is to represent anything more than gratuitous iconoclasm. I shall try to satisfy that requirement in three ways, as follows. Empirically, I shall show using published ethnographic evidence that the great majority of Dravidian speakers in South Asia do not have a Dravidian kinship system as conventionally defined. Neither the relationship terminology nor the preferential marriage rules are in fact as they have been conventionally represented. Rather more briefly, I shall also claim that, taxonomically, “the Dravidian kinship system” forms one element in an inadequately constructed typology of kinship systems; while, theoretically, the notion of a “kinship system” leads to an overly static analysis, and involves an unacceptable degree of reification. First, however, it is necessary to say something about the nature of kinship, and explain why there is nonetheless an over–riding need to grasp it as a whole – though as a totality rather than as a system.
    [Show full text]
  • Ligo-India Proposal for an Interferometric Gravitational-Wave Observatory
    LIGO-INDIA PROPOSAL FOR AN INTERFEROMETRIC GRAVITATIONAL-WAVE OBSERVATORY IndIGO Indian Initiative in Gravitational-wave Observations PROPOSAL FOR LIGO-INDIA !"#!$ Indian Initiative in Gravitational wave Observations http://www.gw-indigo.org II Title of the Project LIGO-INDIA Proposal of the Consortium for INDIAN INITIATIVE IN GRAVITATIONAL WAVE OBSERVATIONS IndIGO to Department of Atomic Energy & Department of Science and Technology Government of India IndIGO Consortium Institutions Chennai Mathematical Institute IISER, Kolkata IISER, Pune IISER, Thiruvananthapuram IIT Madras, Chennai IIT, Kanpur IPR, Bhatt IUCAA, Pune RRCAT, Indore University of Delhi (UD), Delhi Principal Leads Bala Iyer (RRI), Chair, IndIGO Consortium Council Tarun Souradeep (IUCAA), Spokesperson, IndIGO Consortium Council C.S. Unnikrishnan (TIFR), Coordinator Experiments, IndIGO Consortium Council Sanjeev Dhurandhar (IUCAA), Science Advisor, IndIGO Consortium Council Sendhil Raja (RRCAT) Ajai Kumar (IPR) Anand Sengupta(UD) 10 November 2011 PROPOSAL FOR LIGO-INDIA II PROPOSAL FOR LIGO-INDIA LIGO-India EXECUTIVE SUMMARY III PROPOSAL FOR LIGO-INDIA IV PROPOSAL FOR LIGO-INDIA This proposal by the IndIGO consortium is for the construction and subsequent 10- year operation of an advanced interferometric gravitational wave detector in India called LIGO-India under an international collaboration with Laser Interferometer Gravitational–wave Observatory (LIGO) Laboratory, USA. The detector is a 4-km arm-length Michelson Interferometer with Fabry-Perot enhancement arms, and aims to detect fractional changes in the arm-length smaller than 10-23 Hz-1/2 . The task of constructing this very sophisticated detector at the limits of present day technology is facilitated by the amazing opportunity offered by the LIGO Laboratory and its international partners to provide the complete design and all the key components required to build the detector as part of the collaboration.
    [Show full text]
  • When Yogis Become Warriors—The Embodied Spirituality of Kal.Aripayattu
    religions Article When Yogis Become Warriors—The Embodied Spirituality of Kal.aripayattu Maciej Karasinski-Sroka Department of Foreign Languages, Hainan University, Haikou 570208, China; [email protected] Abstract: This study examines the relationship between body and spirituality in kal.aripayattu (kal.arippayattu), a South Indian martial art that incorporates yogic techniques in its training regimen. The paper is based on ethnographic material gathered during my fieldwork in Kerala and interviews with practitioners of kal.aripayattu and members of the Nayar¯ clans. The Nayars¯ of Kerala created their own martial arts that were further developed in their family gymnasia (ka.lari). These ka.laris had their own training routines, initiations and patron deities. Ka.laris were not only training grounds, but temples consecrated with daily rituals and spiritual exercises performed in the presence of masters of the art called gurukkals. For gurukkals, the term ka.lari has a broader spectrum of meaning—it denotes the threefold system of Nayar¯ education: Hindu doctrines, physical training, and yogico-meditative exercises. This short article investigates selected aspects of embodied spirituality in kal.aripayattu and argues that body in kal.ari is not only trained but also textualized and ritualized. Keywords: kal.aripayattu; yoga; embodied spirituality 1. Introduction Ferrer(2008, p. 2) defines embodied spirituality as a philosophy that regards all Citation: Karasinski-Sroka, Maciej. dimensions of human beings –body, soul, spirit, and consciousness—as “equal partners in 2021. When Yogis Become bringing self, community, and world into a fuller alignment with the Mystery out of which Warriors—The Embodied Spirituality everything arises”. In other words, in embodied spirituality, the body is a key tool for of Kal.aripayattu.
    [Show full text]
  • Third Person : Authoring and Exploring Vast Narratives / Edited by Pat Harrigan and Noah Wardrip-Fruin
    ThirdPerson Authoring and Exploring Vast Narratives edited by Pat Harrigan and Noah Wardrip-Fruin The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England 8 2009 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. For information about special quantity discounts, please email [email protected]. This book was set in Adobe Chapparal and ITC Officina on 3B2 by Asco Typesetters, Hong Kong. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Third person : authoring and exploring vast narratives / edited by Pat Harrigan and Noah Wardrip-Fruin. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-262-23263-0 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Electronic games. 2. Mass media. 3. Popular culture. 4. Fiction. I. Harrigan, Pat. II. Wardrip-Fruin, Noah. GV1469.15.T48 2009 794.8—dc22 2008029409 10987654321 Index American Letters Trilogy, The (Grossman), 193, 198 Index Andersen, Hans Christian, 362 Anderson, Kevin J., 27 A Anderson, Poul, 31 Abbey, Lynn, 31 Andrae, Thomas, 309 Abell, A. S., 53 Andrews, Sara, 400–402 Absent epic, 334–336 Andriola, Alfred, 270 Abu Ghraib, 345, 352 Andru, Ross, 276 Accursed Civil War, This (Hull), 364 Angelides, Peter, 33 Ace, 21, 33 Angel (TV show), 4–5, 314 Aces Abroad (Mila´n), 32 Animals, The (Grossman), 205 Action Comics, 279 Aparo, Jim, 279 Adams, Douglas, 21–22 Aperture, 140–141 Adams, Neal, 281 Appeal, 135–136 Advanced Squad Leader (game), 362, 365–367 Appendixes (Grossman), 204–205 Afghanistan, 345 Apple II, 377 AFK Pl@yers, 422 Appolinaire, Guillaume, 217 African Americans Aquaman, 306 Black Lightning and, 275–284 Arachne, 385, 396 Black Power and, 283 Archival production, 419–421 Justice League of America and, 277 Aristotle, 399 Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Points for Meeting with the Prime Minister of Bangladesh. May 1999
    Points for meeting with the Prime Minister of Bangladesh. May 1999 • Extend congratulations to the PM on being awarded the 1999 UNESCO Peace Prize. • Enquire about implementation of the Chittagong Hill Tracts accord and Ganges water-sharing treaty, and reaffirm willingness of UN system to assist in this regard. • Thank Bangladesh for its major contribution to PKOs. Apologize for UN arrears of over $16 m. -2- • Express appreciation for PM Hasina's efforts to defuse tensions in the region after the nuclear tests by India and Pakistan. Urge Bangladesh to ratify the CTBT as soon as possible. • Express hope that Government and opposition will work together effectively to strengthen democratic system and further economic growth. • Discuss progress in the UN's contribution to relief and rehabilitation effort following last year's flood. BRIEFING NOTE FOR THE SECRETARY-GENERAL'S MEETING WITH H.E. SHEIKH HASINA WAJED PRIME MINISTER OF BANGLADESH UNESCO Prize: On 1 April 1999, PM Sheikh Hasina was awarded the Houphouet-Boigny Peace Prize by UNESCO (along with US Senator George Mitchell), in recognition of her work for ending a national conflict in Bangladesh. In December 1997, she signed a peace agreement with the Shanti Bahini to end the 25-year insurgency in the Chittagong Hill Tracts in south-eastern Bangladesh. • Bangladesh and the UN: Bangladesh is the second largest troop contributor and participates in seven PKOs. As of March 1999, UN owed Bangladesh $9.1 m. for troop contributions and $7.7 m. for contingent-owned equipment and other claims. • Bangladesh is the candidate for the non-permanent Asian seat on the Security Council starting in 2000, replacing Bahrain.
    [Show full text]