Index Compiled by the Author

Abdul Hamid: Kaiser kisses cheek of, Air policy-continued 342 Cairo Conference, S44-s, s46, S47, Abdullah, Emir (later King) : and Trans­ sso-I ; and Transjordan, S 77; and the jordan, S02, SII, SI4, SI8, SI9, S24, cross-Desert air route, s77-8o; and S32, sg6 n. I, S4S. SSI, SS2-4; his Iraq, sg6, 796-7, 79g-8oo, 8oi, discussions with Churchill in 802-4, 8o6, 8Io, 8I I; proposed for Jerusalem, ssg-62, s6g-70, S72; Palestine, 6gs; proposed .against any Churchill defends his settlement with, possible Irish Republic, 7os, 72s-6, S76, s8o; possible time-limit to his 74I ; and the Geddes 'axe', 769, 770; rule, s8g; 'amenable to reason', s88; and the Chanak crisis, 8go, 834, 8ss, and Churchill's Middle East policies, 8s8, 868-g; 'a flying Terror', gio sg6, sg8 Air raid warnings: Churchill's advice on, Abrami, Leon: Churchill protests about, 27-8 272, 273 Alexandretta: Churchill 'hot for an Addison, Dr Christopher: and expedition to', 33 Churchill's return to the Cabinet, Alfonso XIII of Spain: Churchill's IS-I6, 24, 2S, 26, 28, 32; and the message to, ro8; at Deauville, 790 Clyde munitions dispute, 3S; and the Allenby, General Sir Edmund: ordered skilled workers' dispute, SI; and the to attack, 84; in Egypt, S22, S37, munition workers' strike, I27-8; and SS2 the continuation of the Coalition, Alliance Aeroplane Works: industrial I 6o n. I ; and British policy towards dispute at, I24-S Russia, gog, 3I7, 33s; and Ireland, Allison, James: 866 664-s; and Churchill's abilities, 894 Alsace-Lorraine: 'the symbol & test of Admiralty: Churchill seeks to defend his victory', 63; a possible compromise on, work at, I-g, 6-7, 8-I I, IS, 7so-g 7I; to be evacuated, I64; its restora­ Aga Khan: urges Britain to make peace tion essential, I 7 I with Turkey, 498 Amery, Leopold: and Churchill's return Agar, Lieutenant: awarded the Victoria to the Cabinet, go; and the allocation Cross, go8 n. I of guns, so, s I ; and Churchill's visit to Air Board: Churchill's possible Chair­ France in March Igi8, 88, IOI; gives manship of, 23-7 Lloyd George advice on Churchill's Air policy: 67, I Ig, I44; Churchill future, I7S; Churchill willing to responsible for, I97-2I8; and the accept as an Under-Secretary, s26; 939 940 INDEX

Amery, Leopold-continued Asquith, Herbert Henry-continued takes part in the Under-Secretaries' I9I6, 674; praises Churchill's Irish revolt, 788 n. I speech, 720; 'very upset', 766; 'he has Anderson, Sir John (later Viscount suffered more than we have', 767; 'a Waverley): and Ireland, 686-7, 867 wounding sight', 786; and the political Anderson, William: on Churchill's crisis of October I922, 855; criticizes 'quality of imagination', 57 the 'amateurs in Downing Street', Appeasement: Churchill an advocate of, 8s8; answered by Lloyd George, in Europe and Russia, 385; in Ireland, 864-5 470, 664; in Turkey, 48o; in the Asquith, Katherine: I35 Middle East, 5I3, 598; in Europe, Asquith, Raymond: killed in action, 6o8, 609; Churchill's plan for, involv­ I35 n. I, 766 ing Russia, 760; Churchill praises Asquithians: 'kind & friendly', I 3; Loucheur's 'good plans of', 79I; Churchill 'loath' to associate with, Churchill has 'no other object in I8; prepared to challenge Lloyd view', 897 George, I 67; Dundee a stronghold of, Arabs, the: to be deserted, 7I; and the I69; Churchill's advice concerning, San Remo conference, 482; and the I 76; Churchill's public criticisins of, Jews of Palestine, 484; their rebellion 765-7; their possible future, 772; and in Mesopotamia, 490-7; and the the Labour Party, 794; pushed into Turks, SOI; and Transjordan, 502; fourth place in the I922 Election, 888 Churchill on the need to appease the Australia: and the Chanak crisis, 825-6, 'sentiment' of, 5I3; Britain's promise 828--g, 846, 852 to, 528; Churchill's alleged 'low opinion of'' 540; attitude to the Jews, ss8-g; Bagge, (Sir) J. Picton: 338 'groundless apprehension' among, 56 I; Baird, MajorJ. L.: I9D-I, 788n. I protests against Zionism of, 562-4; Baker, Newton D: 9o-I, 99 Jewish attitude towards, s67; as Baldwin, Lucy: 864 soldiers, s6g-7o; 'angry', 57I; clash Baldwin, Stanley: 352 n. I, ss6, 768; with Jews, 585-6; Churchill critical and the fall of the Coalition, 864, 867, of, 586-7; and Churchill's Palestine 870 policy, s88-g, 594-s. 596, 597-8, Balfour, A. J (later Earl): Churchill 6I5-62; and 'the necessity of killing writes to, 37; 'rather uninterested', Jews', 645; 'a kindly and well­ 8I; 'ridiculously optimistic', 82; and disposed people', 645; and the Iraq Allied intervention against the Bol­ Treaty, 8o7, 8I8, 855-6 sheviks, 226-7, 243, 247-8, 249-50, Askwith, Lord: 702 252, 255. 304, 32I, 323, 356, 4I3-I4, Asquith, Arthur: I03, 766 423, 428, 439; and Ireland, 455, Asquith, Herbert Henry: Churchill 457; and Turkey, 473; and Britain's criticizes Government of, 6; and the promise to the Jews, 5I3, s64-s. s68, Dardanelles Report, 8-g; and the 6I9, 62I, 624, 627, 635, 644, 649, 6so; Secret Session (I9I7), I6; and and Greece, 6 I o; and the danger of Churchill's return to the Cabinet, Conservative hostility to Lloyd 30, 3I; Churchill writes to, 103-4; George, 794-5; and Iraq, 807, 8I2-I3; seeks return to two-Party system, I59; and the fall of the Coalition, 867, 870 'having a rough time', I74-5; should Balsan, Colonel: 762 be assuaged, I 76; critical of the anti­ Balsan, Consuela: 762 Bolsheviks, 357; and the Amritsar Banbury, Sir F. G. (later Lord): 208, debate, 4IO; and the crisis ofDecember 694. 738 INDEX 941

Barnes, G. N.: and the skilled workers' Black, Sir Frederick: 33 dispute, 53, 58----9, 64-6; and British 'Black and Tans': origins of, 456, 458; intervention in Russia, gog, 312, actions of, in Ireland, 458----9, 460, 3 1 4 462-g,46s-6,467,468-9,664, 706-7; Barnes, General (Sir) Reginald: 54, 68, to go to Palestine, 635, 647, 682; in 155 Palestine, 868 Barton, Robert: 676 Blenheim Palace: 5, 148, 175 Baruch, Bernard: and U.S. munitions Bliss, General: 103, 243 production, 49-50, 59; and Chilean Blumenfeld, R. D.: 815, 895 nitrates, 142 Blunt, W. S.: 150, 682 Baxter, Sir George: 170 Bolsheviks: seize power in Russia, Beardmore, Sir William: 35 66 n. 1, 75; their continuing suc­ Beatty, Admiral of the Fleet Sir David cesses, 166; Churchill an implacable (later 1st Earl): 198, 213, 370, critic of, 219; and the murder of 372-3, 388, 67o, 769, 834, 84o, 843 Captain Cromie, 224-5; 'bloody and Beaverbrook, 1st Baron: 'You have done wholesale butcheries', 227; 'a mere immense service', 123; 'you are fraction of the population', 229; 'the making a mistake', 16g; and Bol­ enemies of the human race', 246; shevism, 220; and Churchill's 'hostil­ 'foul baboonery' of, 257; 'like the ity' to Lloyd George, s8I-2; and the vampire', 270; Churchill wants gas death of Churchill's daughter, 612; used against, 274; 'that foul combina­ and Ireland, 687; Churchill's holiday tion of criminality and animism', 278; with, 761, 762, 764; describes democrats or murderers ?, 355; cannot Churchill's tendency 'all to the Right', be 'suppressed by the sword', 356; 773; believes Churchill is 'determined Churchill describes work of, 365; to resign', 778; presses Churchill to their growing respectability and desire go to Deauville with him, 788; for peace with England, 368; Churchill awaits Churchill at Boulogne, 789; denounces methods of, 375; Churchill taken ill, 78g-go; and the. General believes they represent 'a force of Election of 1922, 874; and the search order', 377; and negotiations with for a clear fiscal policy, 8gg Britain, 391, 397-8, 400, 412; Chur­ Beckenham, Harry: 750, 871 chill 'violent against', 413; advance Bell, Alan: murdered, 449 into Poland, 414-22; driven from Bell, Gertrude: at the Cairo Conference, Poland, 425-7; 'this nest of vipers', 549.556 429; 'this vile group of cosmopolitan Bellairs, Carlyon: 404, 408 fanatics', 440; and Turkey, 478, Belleek: 'battle of', 726-31, 736 610; and the Jews, 484; threaten Bellman, (Sir) Harold: Churchill's Persia, 49o-1; effect of Churchill's 'courage and eloquence', g2 hostility towards, 506; and the Jewish Benckendorff, Constantine: g68 immigrants in Palestine, 543, 568, Benn, W. Wedgwood: 201,202,206 573, 585-6, 6r6-17, 618, 647, 647, Bertie, Sir Francis: reports on Churchill's 6so, 6s8; 'these Jew Commissars', 'peculiar' views, 7o-1; votes against 760; and the British Labour move­ Balfour Declaration, 650 n. 2 .ment, 774; Churchill's bitterness Beynon, General Sir William: 403, 410 towards, 779, 782-4, 784-5; and the Bin Saud, see Ibn Saud Chanak crisis, 844; Churchill con­ Birdwood, General Sir William: 68, trasts philosophy of with his own, 902; 154 'a league of the failures, the criminals, Birkenhead, Lord: see Smith, F. E. the unfit, the mutinous .. .', gog; 942 INDEX

Bolsheviks-continued Cavan, Lord--continued 'committing unspeakable atrocities', and the Chanak crisis, 82g-3o, 832, 906 835. 838, 854 Bombs and bombing: 54, 72, 137, 149, Cave, 1st Viscount: 162 156, 455, 490, 494, 585, 610, 705, Cecil, Lord Hugh (later Baron Quicks­ 796-7, 8o1, 810, 913 wood): 212, 694, 702 Bondfield, Margaret: 834 n. 1 Cecil, Lord Robert (later Viscount): and Bonham Carter, Sir Maurice: 138 the Bolsheviks, 224, 226, 230; and Bonham Carter, Violet: 277-8 Ireland, 706; and the political crisis of Borden, Mary: 235 1922, 855 Borden, Sir Robert L.: 230, 581 Chamberlain, Austen: and the demobil­ Boyd, General (Sir) G. F.: 471 ization crisis, 183-4, 188, 189, 192; Brade, Sir Reginald: 445 criticized, 206; and British policy Brand, J. H.: 724 towards Russia and the Bolsheviks, Brand, R. H. (later Lord) : 49 240, 251, 271, 283, 289, 299. 300, 303, Briand, Aristide: 51 8, 776 317, 440; and Ireland, 453, 466, 470, Briggs, General Sir Charles: and Britain's 665, 666-7, 669, 672, 675-6, 681, Russian policy, 282, 289, 307-8, 363 693. 696, 698, 699· 722, 723, 731, British Weekry: attacks Churchill over 733, 738; and the Middle East, 472, Russia, 374 483, 486, 516, 531, 578-8o, 598; and Brock, Vice-Admiral Sir 0. de B.: and Bonar Law's resignation, 555, 581; the Chanak crisis, 827, 829, 835, 837, Curzon protests to, 593, 607; a possible 850, 857 successor to Lloyd George, 772, 773; Brown, James S.: 174 and Lloyd George's desire to recog­ Buat, General Edmond: 389 nize Soviet Russia, 775-Bo; and grow­ Bullard, (Sir) Reader: 813, 815-16 ing Conservative hostility to Lloyd Bullitt, William C.: in Moscow, 276 n. 2 George, 794; and the Chanak crisis, Butcher, Sir John: 652, 653 826, 832, 833. 838-g, 843· 844, 845; Byng, Genera l Sir Julian: 86 and the fall of the Coalition, 863, 864-5, 867, 870; praises Churchill's Cairo: the Middle East Conference at, mastery of debate, 901; comments on 521, 531, 532, 533, 544-57; Churchill Churchill's character, 907 defends Conference decisions of, 576- Chamberlain, Joseph: 674, 773 9, 595-6; Sir Percy Cox recalls, 8oo-1 Chamberlain, Neville: 693 Cambrai: battle of, 61, 62 Channel ports: German threat to, 107 Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry: 674 Charteris, Evan: 459, 756 Canada: and the Chanak crisis, 828-9 Chartwell Manor: Churchill buys, 793- Capitalism, Churchill's view of: 173-4 4; planned extensions for, 876 Caporetto: battle of, 53, 110 Chequers: Churchill joins Lloyd George Carey, Colonel G. G. S.: 97 at, 311, 520-1; Ministers meet at, Carson, Sir Edward Henry: and Chur­ 591-2, 6oo; Lloyd George at, 728-g, chill's 'undoubted ability', 4; his War 731 Cabinet system, 1 1 1 ; and the Amritsar 'Cherub Peace Maker': Churchill ex­ debate, 403-4, 406, 407, 409; votes hibited as, 88o against Balfour Declaration, 650; and Chetwode, General Sir Philip (later Ireland, 679 Lord): 733 Cavalry: Churchill critical of, 14; and Chicherin, G. V.: 358, 423, 436 tanks, 62 Childers, Robert Erskine: 671 Cavan, Lord: and Ireland, 711, 725; Chile: nitrate supplies from, 142 INDEX 943

Churchill, Clementine: letters from her Churchill, Lady Randolph-continued husband, Ig, 20, 2I, 67, 68-70, g8-g, at a handsome profit, 52 I; dies, 6oi; I I6-I8, I32, I33, I34-5, I36-7, Churchill's many letters of condolence I4I, I42, I43, I47, I48-g, I72, following the death of, 602-6; Chur­ I74-5,374,385-6,52o-I,525,528-3o, chill recalls, 76 I 533-4,6I3-I4,643,687,688-g,756-7, Churchill, Sarah: 762, 763; 'continues to 757-8, 759, 76I, 762, 764, 767, 769, prosper', 788, 789 786-93, 8ro-I I, 8g3, go I, 907, goB, Churchill, Winston Leonard Spencer: g I I ; letters to her husband, g I, Igi6-1917, his desire for 'war direc­ I34-5, 204-5, 328, 449, 47I, 524-5, tion', I; 'the downfall of all my hopes 533, 688, 745, 763, 766, 767, 787, & desires', 2-3; and the emergence of 788, 789, 79I, gio; accompanies her Lloyd George as Prime Minister, 3-4; husband to Downing Street, I66, to 'nothing to be gained by eagerness', Germany, 320, to France, 459, to 4-5; and the Dardanelles Commission Cairo, 544, 552, 556; her husband's of Enquiry, 5, 6-7, 8-I3, I5; feels air crash, 2 I I ; her brother's death, 'quite powerless', 5; criticizes 'those 579-Bo; her daughter Marigold's dismal processes of waste and slaugh­ death, 6I I-I4; and the murder of Sir ter', 8; advocates mechanical warfare, Henry "Wilson, 734; and her husband's I4; his possible return to the Cabinet, polo accident, 78I; represents her I 5-I 6; advises a secret session, I 6; husband at Dundee during the I922 visits France, I 7, Ig-22; Conser­ election, 875-7, 878-8o; her influence, vatives protest against, 23-4, 25; gog-II 'an active danger in our midst', 25; Churchill, Diana: 762, 763; her difficult 'the distrust of him', 26; Lloyd examinations, 788, 789 George's growing support for, I8, Churchill, Lady Gwendeline: 766, 786 22, 26-7 ;joins Lloyd George's Govern­ Churchill, Henry Winston Spencer: and ment, 28; further Conservative pro­ the 'bear' game, I8 tests against, 28-30; arrives at the Churchill, John Strange Spencer: Chur­ Ministry of Munitions, 32-4; resolves chill writes to, 2; Churchill visits, 47, a munitions dispute, 35-7; 'a floating 68, II6, I32; at Verchocq, I40, 147; kidney in the body politic', 37; his with Churchill at Lille, I55; his weekend work, 38-g; his first Muni­ mother's death, 6o4, 6o6 tions of War Bill, 39-40; in dispute Churchill, Marigold: I 70, 52 I, 529, with Lord Derby and Sir Eric Geddes, 537, 539; her death, 6I I-I4, 633, 762, 40-2; his administrative reforms, 763, 789, 792 42-4; visits France, 45-8; with Sir Churchill, Mary (Lady Soames): born, Douglas Haig, 47; and the shell 793; at Dundee, 876 shortage, 48-50; 'a war of whole Churchill, Randolph Frederick Edward nations', 50; and industrial unrest, Spencer: and the 'bear' game, I8-Ig; 5I-3, 57-g, 63-6; VISitS France, 'such a thin shrimp', 387, 52 I; 'very 55-7, 59-60; and the search for sprightly', 529; and his sisters, 539, steel, 6o; and the value of Tanks, 762; 'rather weak & weedy', 763, 789 6I-2 Churchill, Lord Randolph: 'a brilliant statesman', 6o2; his broad-minded 1918: given 'an odious job', 65; his Conservatism, 877; Churchill's bio­ advice to Lloyd George, 66-7; answers graphy of, 8go newspaper criticisms, 67-8; in France, Churchill, Lady Randolph: marries for 68-7I; his reflections on death, 7o; his the third time, II4-I5; sells her house views on the post-war world, 7I; his 944 INDEX

Churchill, Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, Winston Leonard Spencer 1918--continued 1918-continued war plans for I9I9, 72-3; on the need Cabinet, I 76--8; becomes Secretary of to criticize war policy, 73; opposes a State for War, I 79--80 negotiated peace, 74-5, I 28-30; in France, 76-8o; present at the front 1919: his demobilization scheme, when the Germans open their attack, I8I-6; in dispute with Lloyd George, 77-80; returns to London, 8o-I ; I86-9; in France, I89-9I; and the his advice to Lloyd George, 8I-2; 'a Calais mutiny, I92-3; the Allies 'ex­ very grave and serious time', 83; hausted', I93; advocates moderation sent by Lloyd George to France, 85-7; towards Germany, I94; defends him­ visits Haig's headquarters, 87--8; in self against Lloyd George, I94-5; Paris, 88-92; accompanies Clemen­ his work as Secretary of State for Air, ceau to the front, 92-9; reports to I97-2 I8; his early hostility to Bol­ Lloyd George on the military situa­ shevism, 2 Ig-20; his early attitude tion, 99-I02; sees the urgent need towards Allied intervention in Russia, for American troops, I00-2, 104; 22I-7; describes the Bolsheviks as advocates the use of poison gas, 105; 'ferocious baboons', 227; urges a his views on the continuing military clear decision on policy towards dangers, 106--8; his reflections on Russia, 228-g; urges British help to munitions production, 109-10; returns Poland, 233; supports British inter­ to France, I 10; seeks 'recognised vention in Russia, 234-9; reiterates regular power', I I I-I 3; in France, his plea for a clear policy, 24o-2; 113; inaugurates a new air service, his mission to Paris to seek an Allied 113-I4; his mother's third marriage, decision on Russia, 243-56; 'Russia II4-I5; in France, 116-I7; opposes must be saved by Russian exertions', the transfer of men from the factories 257; criticized by Lloyd George, to the front, I I9-2I; his oratory and 258-60; comments on the lack of any exhortations, I22-4; further industrial 'will to win', 26I; agrees to the unrest, I24-8; in France, I3I-4I, Cabinet decision to withdraw from I42-9; his reiterated demands for Russia, 262-3; his support from increased Tank production, I2I, I44- General Denikin in South Russia, 6; 'the heavy crash of falling bombs 264-5; returns to France to discuss rattles our windows', I47; 'thoroughly Russia with Lloyd George, 265-7; contented', I49; meets Siegfried Sas­ fears Bolshevik victories and dis­ soon, I 50-I; on a munitions tour in ruption, 268-7 I ; protests against Scotland and the north of England, France's withdrawal from North I52-3; returns to France, I54-5; Russia, 272-3; obtains Lloyd George's nearly drives into the German lines, approval to send reinforcements to I56--8; worried about his political North Russia, 273-4; appeals to the future, I 59-64; his recollections of troops, 274-5; considers resignation, armistice day, I64-6; his part during 275-6; his 'view of the future', 277; the General Election of I9I8, I67, 'Kill the Bolshie, Kiss the Hun', 278; I69-70, I72-3, I74-5, I78; his views seeks a more active policy in North on the future of Germany, I68-g, Russia, 280-4, 287-8; wants Britain I 7o-I; appeals for an end to 'the to recognize Admiral Kolchak in selfishness and pettiness of daily life', Siberia, 284-7, 288-g, 290-2; wants I 7 I -2 ; defends capitalism, I 73-4; to send British supplies to General advises Lloyd George on the new Yudenitch, 292; opposes political INDEX 945

Churchill, Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, Winston Leonard Spencer 191!t-Continued 192o-continued executions by the anti-Bolsheviks, sheviks, 391; hopes for a Polish 293; criticized, 295; wams against victory over the Bolsheviks, 395-7; undue optimism, 296-7; his hopes bitter about 'the uninstructed state of for General Ironside's Kotlas opera­ public opinion', 398; favours 'a tion, 298-302; defends his Russian comprehensive agreement' with the policy, 302; puts his faith in General Bolsheviks, 399-400; orders the with­ Denikin, 303-19; appeals to Clemen­ drawal of British troops from South ceau about South Russia, 32o-1; Russia, 412-13; wams that Britain criticizes British policy, 322; rebuked will soon be left 'quite alone', 4I4; by Lloyd George, 323-5; defends discusses the possibility of aid to himself against Lloyd George, 326-7; Poland, 4I5; supported by Lloyd hopes to see the Bolsheviks 'definitely George, 4I5-I6; defends Polish policy, beaten', 328-30; again rebuked by 4I7-18; fears 'a measureless array of Lloyd George, 331-3; again defends toils and perils', 4I9; and the climax himself against Lloyd George, 333-5; of the Russo-Polish war, 42o-2, bitter about British policy towards the 427; urges the immediate expulsion Baltic States, 336-7; believes the Bol­ of the Bolshevik negotiators then in shevik regime is 'doomed', 337; urges England, 422-5, 428-30; his forecast help for Denikin, 338-g, 341-2; for Europe, 426-7; seen as 'a bold, warns Denikin against anti-semitism, bad man', 430; continues to resist 342-3; wants to arm Poland, 344; Lloyd George's plans for trade and writes of the 'wonderful progress' of negotiations with Soviet Russia, 43I- the anti-Bolsheviks, 345; 'Victory 4I ; decides to resign, 438, but dis­ is in sight', 346-8, 35o-1; in dispute suaded, 438-g; argues against the with Lloyd George, 354-5; defends policy of 'frightfulness' in India, his policy, 345-6; urges 'more vigor­ 40I-I I; defends military reprisals in ous' action against the Bolsheviks, Ireland, 447-8; writes of a 'dia­ 357-8; seeks to avert Denikin's defeat, bolical streak' in the Irish character, 358-64; warns of 'the very great 449; Lloyd George enlists the help of, evils that will come upon the world' as 450; and the search for more troops a result of British policy towards to send to Ireland, 45 I ; wants special Russia, 364; his policy towards Ireland tribunals to try murderers in Ireland, during 1919, 443-7; his policy towards 452; advocates a firm policy against Turkey during 1919, 472-7 Sinn Fein, 452-6; and the actions of the 'Black and Tans', 456, 458-69; 1920: describes 'the agony of Russia', urges 'official' reprisals, 463-4; given 365; defends General Yudenitch, a personal detective, 465; his advice 366; advises General Denikin to seek on Ireland, to Shane Leslie, 461, and an armistice, 368-g; in Paris, 37o-4; to the Archbishop of Tuam, 467-8, his Russian policy criticized, 374, 4 70; supports a truce in Ireland, 4 70; and defended, 375; and Denikin's urged by his wife to adopt a moderate defeat, 376-7, 37g-83; his 'evil policy' policy towards Ireland, 4 71 ; urges rebuked, 378; his advice to Lloyd the need to retain Constantinople, George on European affairs, 384-5; 477-8; urges peace with Turkey, in Paris, 385; on holiday near Bor­ 4 79, 480; advocates replacing troops deaux, 386-8; in Paris, 389-90; opposes by aircraft in Mesopotamia, 48I-2, British negotiations with the Bol- 483; his early interest in Zionism, 484; INDEX

Churchill, Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, Winston Leonard Spencer xg2o-continued X921-continued sees no profit 'of a material kind' in defends his Middle East settlement, Palestine, 485; reiterates his demand 576-Bo; dissatisfied with his political for peace with Turkey, 485-9; respon­ position, 580-2, 587-8; his policy sible for British policy in Mesopotamia, towards Palestine, 582-7, 588-go,. 490-7; makes several further pleas for 592, 594-5; his policy towards the peace with Turkey, 497-502; is Arabs, 596; his comments on the advised to separate Transjordan from problems of Arab-Jewish relations, Palestine, 502-3; disagrees with Sir 597-8; gives 'an impression of power', Maurice Hankey's account of a 599; his mother's death, 6oi-6; Cabinet conclusion, 503-4; warns urges 'appeasement' in Foreign Affairs, of the cost of British rule in Meso­ 5I3, 6o8-9; his daughter Marigold's potamia, 504-5; opposes a policy of death, 6I I-I4; the development of his 'scuttle', 505; wants to leave the War Palestine policy from June to Decem­ Office, sos-6; argues in favour of a ber I92I, 6IS-4I; his views on the special Middle East Department, 507 Irish situation, 663; speaks as a conciliator, 664-7; opposes an Irish x921: and the New Year's festivities, Republic in any form, 668-9; active 507-8; and the establishment of in the Irish negotiations, 669-77; a special Middle East Department, defends the Government's Irish policy, so~; seeks help from Lord Curzon, 677-8 I ; urges swift transfer of power 5Io; seeks advice from Sir Percy Cox, from Westminster to Dublin, 68I-2; srr-I2; his plans to visit Mesopo­ is 'full of hope and confidence' about tamia, 509-IO, 5I2-I3, 5I7, 5I8, Ireland, 683; his work on his war 52 I ; criticized by General Haldane, memoirs during 192I, 754-6; his 5I4-rs; in France, 5I3-I4, SIS, policy towards Iraq, April-December 5I7-I9; receives advice from T. E. I 92 I, 796-8 I o; proposes special British Lawrence, 5IS-I6; in dispute with initiative towards Russia, 760-I Sir Percy Cox, 5I6-I7; urges peace with Turkey, 5I7, 535-6, 540, 59o-2, x922: and the visit of the Arab 6oo-I, 6og-I I; War Office hostility Delegation from Palestine, 643-6; towards, 5I9-2o; a picnic with Lloyd defends the Balfour Declaration, 646- George, 520; his first visit to Chequers, 6o; in dispute with Lord Sydenham 520-I; prepares to VISit Cairo, about Zionism, 66o-2; accepts Minis­ 522-3; seeks to placate Curzon, 523-4; terial responsibility for Ireland, 684; his social life, 525; in dispute with mediates between North and South, Curzon, 526-7, 528, 537, 593-4, 685-9; explains the Government's 6o6-7; appointed Colonial Secretary, Irish policy to the House of Commons, 530; forniS his Middle East Department, 690-3, 694-6; appeals for an end to 53 I ; prepares agenda and policy violence, 696-g; active in the search for the Cairo Conference, 532-3, for an agreement between North and 537-g; introduces the Air Estimates, South, 699-700; defends the agree­ 540; Dr Weizmann seeks to influence, ment in the House of Commons, 540-I ; leaves for Cairo, 543; at the 70I-2; believes the Irish have 'a Cairo Conference, 544-57; at the genius for conspiracy', 703; his appeals pyramids, 556; visits Gaza, 558; in to end pressure on the Irish Free State Jerusalem, 559-72; at Tel-Aviv, 572- leaders, 704, 70~, 7I I-Ig, 7I4-I6, g; visits a Jewish settlement, 574; 7I8, 723; and the possibility of war INDEX 947

Churchill, Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill, Winston Leonard Spencer 1922-continued 1922-continued with an Irish Republic, 705; defends Chanak crisis, 827-58, 86I; defends the action of the 'Black and Tans', the Cabinet's Chanak policy, 8sg-6o; 706-7; reports to the King on the his 'warlike policy' criticized, 86o, Irish situation, 7I3-I4; protests to the 862; in dispute with Stanley Baldwin, Government of Northern Ireland, 864; gives a dinner for Lloyd George's 7I6-I7; warns the Irish of 'the stony supporters, 86 5; taken seriously ill, indifference' of world opinion, 720; 865-6; and the fall of Lloyd George, praised for 'a great act of statesman­ 867; in a nursing home, 868; conducts ship', 722; and the 'battles' of Belleek his election campaign from his sick and Pettigo, 723-3 I ; and Sir Henry bed, 86g-7o, 87I-5, 877-8; repre­ Wilson's assassination, 733-5; again sented in Dundee by his wife, 875-7, explains the Government's Irish policy 878-80; goes to Dundee for the to the House of Commons, 735-8; in closing phases of the campaign, 88o-8; search of a house in the country, defeated at the Polls, 887-92; his 738-40; and the siege of the Four work, character and relationships Courts in Dublin, 740-2; 'Ireland during the six years of Lloyd George's will be mistress in her own house', Premiership, 893-9 I 5 743; his hopes for a united Ireland, Clarry, Reginald: challenges the Coali­ 743-4; Collins appeals to, 744; and tion, 863; elected, 866 Collins' death in an ambush, 745-7; Clauson, (Sir) Gerard: 62o, 633,636,637 and the formal establishment of the Clemenceau, Georges: becomes Prime Irish Free State, 748-g; his work on Minister of France, 56; at Doullens, his war memoirs during I922, 757-g; 83; and Churchill's visit to France on holiday in the South of France, in March Igi8, 85-6, 8g-ro2; 'full of 76I-4; his views on the continuation of complaints', I35; and the armistice, Lloyd George's Coalition, 764-5, 77o- I64; and the Allied intervention 4; criticizes the Asquithian Liberals, against the Bolsheviks, 220-I, 243-8, 765-7; Chairman of the Cabinet 255-6, 272-3, 320, 36I, 362, 373-4; Committee on defence spending, 768- spoken of with scorn, 385 70; apologizes to Lloyd George, 770; Clementel, Etienne: 59 takes the lead in opposing Lloyd Clive, (Sir) Robert: 292 George's policy of recognizing Soviet Collins, Michael: raises secret loan, Russia, 775-80, 78I-5; his accident 445-6; and the Irish Treaty, 66g-73, at polo, 780-I; critical of Lloyd 675, 676, 679, 682, 684, 685-6, George, 786, 787; on holiday in 687-8, 68g, 6go, 6gi, 6g4, 6g6-g, France, 788-93 ; buys Chartwell, 700-I, 703, 704-5, 708, 709-I2, 793-4; forecasts Lloyd George's pre­ 7I3-I6, 7I7, 7I8-Ig, 720, 72I, 723-4, miership 'drawing to a close', 795; 726-7, 729, 732, 733-6, 740-4; killed supervises the negotiations for the in an ambush, 745, 746, 747; his Iraq Treaty, 8Io-Ig, 824-5; wants death followed by civil war, 748; European Turkey to remain under a patriot, 88I; and Churchill's defeat Allied control, 820; wants the Allies at Dundee, 887-8; his last message, to remain in Constantinople, 825; 8g4 appeals for Imperial troops to defend Compton-Rickett, Sir Joseph: rumours the British position at Chanak against stimulated by, 75 Turkish attack, 825-6; takes a leading Congreve, General Sir W.: and Trans­ part in the developments of the jordan, 502-3, 546-7, 549, 550, INDEX

Congreve, General Sir W.-continued Crewe, Marquess of: 6o6, 6zg, 818 554-s; and the Jaffa riots, s8s; and Criccieth: Churchill visits Lloyd George 'Arab aspirations', 615, 6z8; critical of at, 212, 301; Lloyd George issues a Churchill's Palestine policy, 6gs-6; statement from, 778-g and the 'grasping policy' of Zionist Cripps, Frederick: 790 extremists, 63 I ; and Ireland, 684 Cromie, Captain F. N. A.: murdered by Coningham, General F. E.: 491 Bolsheviks, 224-5, 392 Conspiracy: Churchill believes in exist­ Cromwell: 'the butcheries of', in Ireland, ence of, world wide, 433, 464, 91!.2-Ig; 692 Lord Curzon fears throughout Asia, Crosland, Jessie: 557 437 Crosland, J. B.: at the Cairo Conference, Constantine, King of Greece: 498, 502, 534. 547. 548, 549. 550 6oo, 841 Crowe, Sir Eyre: 761 Constantinople: importance of the cap­ Curtis, Lionel: and Ireland, 700, 715, ture of, xo; failure to capture, so; 745 Allied occupation of, 397, 472, 473, Curtis Brown, Literary Agents: 751, 892 477, 48s, 486, 487, 488, 495, s9o-2; Curzon, Earl (later Marquess): opposes need to avoid 'humiliating exodus' Churchill's return to the Cabinet, 23, from, 827; and the Chanak crisis, 25; and British policy towards the 828, 8gx, 839, 849-50, 854; and the Bolsheviks, 263-4, 271, 272, 286-7, Mudania Convention, 86o-1 289, 298, goo, 304-5, 312, 315, 317, Coote, Captain M.: 558 319, 323, 327, 328-9, 335. 337-8, Cope, (Sir) Alfred: and Ireland, 684, 343, 349, 351, g6o, 366, 371, 372, g88, 710, 713, 714, 727, 745, 746-7, 748 391, 392, 393· 398-g, 421, 431, 432, Corbett, Sir Julian: 745-5 433, 437, 439, 44o-1, 904; and the Cornwallis, Colonel (Sir) K.: 552 Middle East, 4 79, 480, 486, 493, 495, Cosgrave, William: 723-4, 746, 748, 497, 501; and Churchill's appoint­ 894 ment as Colonial Secretary, 510, 51 x, Costello, General E. W.: 569 513, 517. 523-4. 525, 526-7, 528, Cowdray, 1st Viscount: 24, 26 531-2; and the Cairo Conference, Cox, Sir Percy: and the Middle East, 537; and Churchill's Middle East 493, 496, 497, 510-12, 512-13; policies, 580, 592-4, 598, 8oo-z, 8o6, threatens to resign, sxs; further 8o8, 812-13, 814; and British policy protests of, 516; Churchill explains towards Turkey, 6oo-x, 8o8, 82o-r, policy to, 516-17, 522; and the Cairo 824, 825, 826, 8gr, 833, 8g8, 843, 844, Conference, 534, 545-9, 551, 552, 845-6, 851, 856, 858-9; and the death 556; and the Desert Air Route, 5 78, of Churchill's mother, 6ox-g; in s8o; and Churchill's policy in Meso­ dispute with Churchill, 607; and the potamia (Iraq) from June 1921 to death of Churchill's daughter, 61 r, October 1922, 596, 6xo, 796-819, 824, 612; and Ireland, 664-5, 679; and 8ss Russia, 760, 775, 777-8, 782, 784; Craig, Captain C. C.: 693-4, 720 and the fall of the Coalition, 865, 868, Craig, Sir James: and Ireland, 455, 665, 870; Churchill's urgent appeals to, 666,674, 68s-6, 687-8,696,698, 7oo, 897; and Churchill's character, 907; 709, 7ID-I2, 714, 716-17, 718, 719, and Churchill's grief, 913 723, 726, 732, 736-7, 743. 744 Curzon, Lady: Curzon complains to, Creedy, (Sir) Herbert: records Lord 528 Derby's protest, 28-9; and the Middle Czechs: in Siberia, 22o-1, 224, 227, 240, East, 512 n. g, 522, 523 n. I 298, 332 INDEX 949

D'Abernon, Lord: 415, 416, 420 Derby, 17th Earl of-continued Dallolio, General: Churchill negotiates 501; Tory preference for, 771; refuses with, 55-7. 6o to serve under Lloyd George, 773, D'Annunzio, Gabriele: 298 n. 1 774 Davidson, Randall (later Lord): 411, de Robeck, Admiral Sir John: 388, 434 623-4 De Valera, E.: raises money in the Davies,J. T.: 86, 187 United States, 446; must be 'put Davis, John W.: 356 down', 450; British talks with, 663, Davison, J. E.: 469 665-8; rejects British negotiations, Dawson of Penn, Lord: 865 n. I 67o, 675, 677, 679, 684, 689, 691, Death penalty: Churchill opposes, for 697; opposes the Free State Bill, 703, Calais mutineers, 193, and for Sinn 707, 708, 710, 713, 7I4, 7I5, 716, 7I8, Fein prisoners, 677 726, 729-30, 732, 735-6, 742, 745. Debeney, General: 92, 98 746, 747 de Bon, Vice-Admiral: 2 I n. I Devlin, Joseph: and Ireland, 447-8, Deedes, (Sir) Wyndham: 553-4, 62o-I, 468-9, 701, 733 631, 64I, 659-60 Devonshire, 9th Duke of: refuses to serve Defeatism: 'should be stamped out', under Lloyd George, 773, 774; takes 153 office under Bonar Law, 87o; Edward Defence: Churchill advocates Ministry Marsh joins staff of, 871 of, 211-I3 Disraeli: spirit of, 877 Defence of the Realm Act (D.O.R.A.): Dizengoff, Meir: 573 murder exempted from, 452 Docker, Dudley: Churchill's appeal to, de Forest, Baron: 534 n. I 106 Denikin, General A. I. : British military Dominion Prime Ministers: Churchill's assistance for, 226, 236, 239, 24I, 249, telegrams to during the Chanak crisis, 250, 255, 257-8, 259-60, 262, 264, 84o, 842, 846-7, 851-2, 853-4, 856, 266-7, 269, 27I, 275, 277, 278, 279. 858, 859, 861 282, 285, 289, 295. 30I, 303-19, Dublin: Sinn Fein Congress in, 443; 320-1, 323, 324-31, 332, 334, 335, Sinn Fein Parliament in, 445; police­ 336; offers 'the shortest way to win', man shot dead in, 447; Resident 337-46, 348; his retreat, 350-64, Magistrate murdered in, 449 366-8; 'impending defeat of', 369, Duggan, E.J.: 700, 716 371; 'feared & hated', 373; loses Dundee: Churchill speaks at, 27; Chur­ British support, 376-7; loses Odessa, chill seeks re-election at ( 1917), 3 I, 378; Churchill's concern for, 380; 34; and the 1918 election, 167-75, Churchill's final telegram to, 381; I78, 227; Churchill speaks at, 290, driven from Russia, 382, 383, 388; 668, 750, 895; Churchill's appeal to, resigns, 389, 396, 432, 438; Churchill's 772-3; and the Election of 1922, unwise reliance on, 761; Churchill's 871-92 support for, 904 Dyer, General R. E. H.: and the Amrit­ Derby, 17th Earl of: opposes Churchill's sar debate, 401-II return to the Cabinet, 23-4, 25, 28, Dzerzhinski, Felix: 416 n. I 31 ; Churchill in dispute with, 4o-2; and the howitzer shortage, 49; pro­ Eder, Dr M.D.: 640 tests against Churchill's actions, 55-6; Edge, Captain (Sir) W.: 335 his social usefulness, 178; protests Edward, Prince of Wales: 525, 682, 762 against a Churchill article, 4I8-19; Elles, General (Sir) Hugh: I45 and Ireland, 458, 663; and Turkey, Elliot, Maxine: I 24 950 INDEX

Ellis, Sir Charles: and the skilled workers' Fisher, H. A. L.-continued dispute, s2-3 Iraq, 8o6, 8II, 813; and the fall of the English, Sir Crisp: B6s n. I Coalition, 8ss, B63, B66, B7o; and Enver Pasha: 7S3 the Chanak crisis, B56-7, B6o; and the Epstein, Elias: on Churchill's 'sympathy 1922 election, B7B, B9o; and Chur­ and understanding' towards Zionism, chill's character, 907 S7S Fisher, 1st Baron: Churchill writes to, Esher, 2nd Viscount: and Churchill's 5; and the Dardanelles campaign, visit to Paris (May 1917), 20, 21-2; 12; and Clemenceau, 99; 'a queer and Churchill's 'fiery energy', 30; Mongolian face', ISI; and Churchill's and Siegfried Sassoon, 140; his 'un­ war memoirs, 7S4 controllable fondness for fiction', 7S7; Fisher, Sir Warren: S3I and Churchill's defeat at Dundee in FitzAlan, Viscount: and Ireland, 664, 1922, B9o; mentioned, Bo, 179, 1B4 66s, 667, 676, 6Bs, 705 Essex, Adele Countess of: 6B2-3, 756, Fleming, Valentine: killed in action, 9II 761, 764 Foch, Marshal: Churchill visits, 19-20; Evans, General C. : 622 and the German breakthrough of March 191B, B3, Bs, B6, 92, 93-4, Faisal, see Feisal 102-3; appeals to Churchill for tanks, Fayolle, General: 19, 101-2, II7 120; and the armistice, xsB, 164; and Feisal, King (first of Syria, later of the demobilization crisis, tBs; and Mesopotamia): 47B, 479, 492, so2, Allied policy towards the Bolsheviks, 510-12, SI4, SIS-16, SIB, SI9, S24, 233, 243, 271, 372, 420; and the s32, S37, S4s-6, s4B, S5I, ss3, s6o, Middle East, 4B7, Boo; and the 596; and the negotiations for the Iraq Chanak crisis, B52 Treaty, 797-819, B24, Bs5-6 Foggie, J. K.: 'Germany must pay', x6B Fisher, H. A. L.: 160 n. 1.; 'the best of Foxcroft, Captain C. T.: 6g3 all yr discoveries', 177; and the France: Churchill's visits to, 17-1B, demobilization crlSls, 190; Lloyd 19-22, 4s-B, s5-7, s9-6o, 67, 68-71, George 'in a great hurry', 262; and 76-80, B6-104, IIO, II3, II6-IB, Churchill's policy towards Russia, 131-41, 142-9, IS2, 154-8, 189, 275-6, 309-10, 3II, 317, 329, 33S-6, 37o-4, 3B4-go, 428-30, s13, 516-19, 354-s, 356, 357, 369, 37B, 3B2, 3BB, sBo, 7S6, 761-4, 7BB-g3; and the 39B, 429-30, 9os; and the Russo­ Allied intervention against the Bol­ Polish war, 413, 414, 421; and the sheviks, 220, 224,233,236, 2SI, 272-3, Amritsar debate, 402, 410, 41 I; and 275, 359, 361; occupies four German Ireland, 452, 453, 455, 461, 470, 471, towns, 3B9-go; and the Russo-Polish 664, 666-7, 6BI, 693, 694, 705, 724, war, 413, 41s, 419, 420; 'unreasonable 726; and the Graeco-Turkish war, because she is terrified', 427; Lloyd 497. S90; and 'a long wrangle' George critical of, 429; and Turkey, between Churchill and Curzon, s2B; 473, 4B6, so1-2, 601; and the Middle and Churchill's Palestine policy, 5B8, East, sxo, Sl2, S13-14, 519, 524, 627, 652; and the death of Churchill's 532, 551, SS2, 576-7; and Iraq, Bo6, daughter, 61 I; and Churchill's war Bo7; and Britain's 'obvious' duty memoirs, 7S7; praises a Churchill towards, 6oB-g; 'so brave & hard speech, 764-s; and the Geddes working', 767; Churchill urges 'no Committee, 768, 769, 770; and the quarrel with', 7B4; and the Chanak future of the Coalition, 77o-1, 772, crisis, B21, B25, B26, B31, 833, B36, 774; and aid to Russia, 77s; and B47, B5B-g, B61 INDEX 951

Franklin-Bouillon, H.: 853, 856 Geddes, Sir Eric-continued French, Field-Marshal Viscount (later 73; and the demobilization criSIS, Earl of Ypres): So, 8g, I37; and I8I-2, I88; and civil unrest in Ireland, 443, 445, 446, 447, 452, 464, England, 370; and Britain's negotia­ 664; and Churchill's war memoirs, tions with the Bolsheviks, 428; notices 754; and Churchill's resignation in Churchill's 'anger & irritation', 582; November I9I5, 766 in dispute with Churchill, 768-70 Frenchville, Captain W. R.: his death in Gee, Robert: 'a vehement pro-Dar­ South Russia, 367 danellian', 70 Furse, General Sir William: 55-7 Geiger, Major G.J. P.: SIS George V, King: and the San Remo Gaida, General Rudolf: in Siberia, 283, discussions, 39I; and Ireland, 665, 287, 299 667, 67I, 68I, 693. 696, 699. 702, 7I3, Gairloch: Lloyd George confers with his 722, 738; and the fall of the Coalition, Ministers at, 668; further from London 870, 877, 907-8 than Belfast, 706 Germany and the Germans: and the Gallacher, William: Churchill's Com­ battle of the Somme, 10; and the munist opponent at the Dundee battle of Arras, I4; 'their system of election, 872, 874, 876, 878, 88o, 883, militarism and Caesarism', 50; and 886; defeated, 887 the inevitability of'a great offensive in Gallipoli Peninsula: British occupation the West', 62, 7I; 'has got to be beat', of, from I9I9 to I922, 59 I; Curzon 53; 'the industrious Hun', 70; Chur­ and Churchill urge need to retain chill's views on a possible peace settle­ control at, 820; Lloyd George insists ment with, 7I, 75; launch their March on British control at, 82I; Cabinet I9I8 offensive on the western front, decides to maintain defence of, 824; 76-8I; continuing advances of, 85, 87; Churchill's hope of Imperial defenders checked, 9I; offer to abandon use of for, 825-6, 832; Austen Chamberlain poison gas, 105; their possible threat urges retention of, 83 I, 832; and the to the Channel Ports, I o6-g; begin a imminent defence of, 8g8, 839, 847, further offensive, May I9I8, I IS-I8; 852; and the League of Nations, 86o the exponents of 'scientific barbarism', Gapon, Father: murdered, 652 n. I I23; Lord Lansdowne advocates peace Garden cities: Clementine Churchill's with, I28; Churchill replies 'If we plea for, 910 are steadfast, they must collapse', Garroni, Marquis: 856-7 I29-30; Churchill writes, of those Garvin, J. L. : 89o-I captured 'I could not help feeling Gas bombs and shells: Churchill's policy sorry for them', I32; Churchill urges concerning, 54, 72, 73-4, 105; 'This 'effectual guarantees' against, I 53; hellish poison', I49; Churchill's own and the armistice, I58-g, I64-6; encounter with, I56; Churchill wants Churchill's desire to help, on I I Nov. to use against the Bolsheviks, 274, I9I8, I66; Churchill's questions on the and against the Arabs, 494; 'a future of, I68, I69; war guilt of, Mustard Gas fiend', 910 I7D-I; and the Allied intervention Gaza: Churchill's reception in, 558 against the Bolsheviks, 233, 254, 260, Geddes, Sir Auckland (later Lord) : 278, 36o; 'very impudent', 382; 309-Io, 3I3, 352 n. I Churchill's plans and forecast con­ Geddes, Sir Eric: critical of Churchill, cerning, 384-5, 426-7; French hostility 4I; and industrial unrest, 64; on towards, 390; and French · fears of, Churchill's 'great gift of expression', 6o8; Britain's future relations with, 952 INDEX

Germany and the Germans-continued Guest, Frederick Edward-continued 6o8--g; the time for appeasement of Churchill's Irish speech, 68I; takes 'not yet ripe', 79I; Churchill's advice Collins to lunch, 72 I; 'almost in concerning,895-6 tears', 762; and Tory hatred of Gibbs, Philip: 9I4 Lloyd George, 77I; favours 'evolution Gladstone, William: and Ireland, 68o to the right', 772; and election specu­ Gough, General Sir Hubert: his Baltic lation, 794; and Iraq, 811, 855; and mission, 292, 293, 298, 307, 322 the Chanak crisis, 854; and the I922 Gouraud, General Henri: and King election, 866 Feisal, 8os Gwynne, H. A.: 782 Grattan: quoted, 4 70 Gwynne, Rupert: 67g-8o Greece and the Greeks: occupation of Smyrna by, 472-3, 479; Lloyd Haifa: Arab demonstrations in, 559, 57I George's sympathies for, 467-7, 487-8, Haig, Field-Marshal Sir Douglas (later 535, 540, 609; 'a little weak people ... Earl) : and Churchill's visits to France, kept all these years at full tension', 2 I -2, 45-8; and the howitzer shortage, 498; and the Treaty of Sevres, 49, 5 I ; and the German breakthrough 485-6; the cause of Britain's 'present of March I9I8, 76-7, 79, 8o, 83, 86-7, misfortunes', 5I9; Churchill urges 94-5, I02-3; Churchill's supplies to, withdrawal from Anatolia by, 590-I; I 09, I I o; and Churchill's request for Churchill wants to put 'all forms of a 'permanent lodging' in France, I I 3, pressure' on, 6oo-I; take the offensive I I 8; and the British offensive of Aug. against the Turks in Anatolia, 8I6-I7, I9I8, I3I; and munitions policy, I36, 8I9; and the Chanak crisis of October I4I, I43; 'vy appreciative', I47; I922, 820-62, 86s Churchill congratulates, I52; and the Greenwood, Sir Hamar: and Ireland, demobilization crisis, I8I-4, I89, I92; 452, 453. 455. 456, 457. 464, 466, and the Allied intervention policy in 470, 530, 666, 667, 668, 669, 698; and Russia, 256 the Chanak crisis, 826 Haj Amin, Mufti of jerusalem: 583 Gregorieff, Ataman: 342 n. 2. Haking, General Sir Richard: 350, 35 I Gregory, J. D.: 350 n. 2 Haldane, General Sir Aylmer: at Bagh- Gretton,John (later Lord): 679, 720, 738 dad, 480-I, 490, 49I, 492, 493, 494-5, Grey of Fallodon, Viscount: 6I3, 75I; 496-7, SID-II, 5I4-I5, 5I7, 5I9, 522, (when Sir Edward Grey), 753, 807, 534, 545-g, 609, 8oo-4, 807 844, 865, 872 n. I; his possible leader­ Haldane, Viscount: 'you ought to give ship of an 'alternative' coalition, 855 up flying', 2IO Griffith, Arthur: and the Irish Treaty, Hall, Lieutenant G.: one of Churchill's 669, 672-3, 675. 676-7, 682, 684, pilots, I I 4; his recollections, I 38-4 I 68s-6,687,697-9,70D-I,704,7o9-II, Hall, (Sir) John Hathorn: 633 7I4, 7I6, 7I7-I8, 72I, 723-4, 729, Hamid Bey: 849 73I, 732; dies of a heart attack, 745; Hamilton, Sir Horace: 725 a patriot, 88I Hamilton, Sir Ian and Lady: 890 Griffith-Boscawen, A. S. T.: 856 Hankey, Maurice Pascal Alers: finds Guest, Frederick Edward: Churchill's Churchill disappointed, 6; finds Chur­ advice to, I6; Churchill's interview chill 'in a chastened mood', 33; and with, 26-7; and the continuation of Churchill's 'wonderful scheme', 73; the Coalition, I6o n. I; and Churchill's and the German breakthrough of demobilization scheme, I 92 ; Churchill March I9I8, 8I, 82, 83; does not wants as Air Minister, 2I2; praises exclude 'the possibility of disaster', INDEX 953 Hankey, Maurice Pascal Alers-continued Hogge, J. M.: and North Russia, 272 1 16; finds Lloyd George 'much Holman, General (Sir) H. C.: and annoyed', 186; and Allied policy British policy in South Russia, 28g, against the Bolsheviks, 243-4, 246, 306, 316, 330, 343, 34B, 358-g, 36o-1, 30 I, 391 ; and the assumption 'no 363, 366--7, 368, 369, 376-7, 380-1, great war for ten years', 320; and 383 fears of civil unrest in England, 370; Hornby, W. M.: 529 and Britain's negotiations with the Bol­ Horne, Sir Robert (later Viscount): and sheviks, 400,439,440-1, go6; and Ire­ the demobilization crisis, 182-3, 188; land, 453; and the Middle East, 503-4, and civil unrest in England, 370, 372; sog-Io, 578, 621; and the Chanak and Britain's negotiations with the crisis, 834-5, 84o-1, 847-8, 862; and Bolsheviks, 398-g, 400, 428, 429, the fall of the Coalition, 867-8 436--7, 441; becomes Chancellor of Harcourt, Sir William: 524 the Exchequer, 555, 556, 581-2, 588; Harding, H. Norman: and Churchill's and Ireland, 665,675, 726; Churchill's search for a country property, 738-40; alleged designs against, 769; Churchill and Chartwell, 794 praises, 770; and Lloyd George's pro­ Harding, President Warren G.: soB posed negotiations with Soviet Russia, Hardinge, 1st Baron: 291-2, 847 776--7, 778; urges complete with­ Harington, General (Sir) Charles: Chur- drawal from Iraq, 8o6; and the chill appeals to, I2D-I; Churchill's Chanak crisis, 830; and the fall of the Deputy Chief of the Imperial General Coalition, 870 Staff, 188; and Britain's intervention House, Colonel E. M.: 248, 252, 255--6 against the Bolsheviks, 236--7, 248, House of Lords: Churchill opposes any 260, 262, 274. 279, 284, 28g, 292, 293. increase in powers of, goo 382; and the Russo-Polish war, 415; Hozier, Lady Blanche: 579-80, 763 and Ireland, 455; in Constantinople, Hozier, William: 57g-8o 496; and the possibility of negotiations Hudson, Sir Robert: 790 with Turkey, 8o8; and the Chanak Hughes, W. M.: and the Chanak crisis, crisis, 821, 824, 828, 829-30, 831, 829, 832-3, Bs2 832-5, 836 n. 2, 837-54, 856, 857, Humbert, General: 101, 117 86o, 868-g Hunter-Weston, General Sir Aylmer: Hartigan, Dr: 865 n. 1 'a plain blunt soldier', 6g; occupies Henry, (Sir) Denis: 452-3, 665 Douai, 154 Hewart, Gordon: 160 n. 1, 66g, 675--6, Hussein, King of the Hejaz (later in 731 exile): 514, 518, 523, 532, 539, 545, Hills, J. W.: and the skilled workers' dis­ 551-2, 553, s6o pute, 52-3 Hirtzel, Sir Arthur: advises Churchill, Ibn Saud (also Bin Saud): 514, 522, 512, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 522; 523, 532, 539. 551-2, 596 decides not to join the Colonial Office, India: disorders in, 195; Bolshevik threat 524 to, 260, 268-g, 305, 327; troops from, Hitchcock, General B. F. B.: 188 in Iraq, 796, 801, 8o2, 8og--w; and Hoare, Sir Samuel (later Viscount the Chanak crisis, 827; 'seditious Templewood): on need to destroy extremism' in, 913 Bolshevism, 295; and Ireland, 720; Ireland: Churchill urges conscription for, and the Honours debate, 787 81, 82, 84; Churchill's responsibilities Hoare-Nairne, Colonel E. S.: 840 towards, 443, 445--6; the role of British Hodgson, (Sir) Robert: 296 troops in, 447-8, 449; and the 'Black 954 INDEX

Ireland-continued Jerusalem--continued and Tans', 45I-2, 456, 458-6I, 462-4, Churchill decides to VlSlt, 522, 534; 465, 706-7; possible use of bombs in, Churchill's visit to, 558-75; riots in, 455; firm British policy towards, 466- 637, 638 7I; growth of conciliation towards, Jeudwine, General Sir H.: 466 663-8; Churchill's part in the con­ 'Jewish National Home': Palestine desig­ ciliation of, 669-83; Churchill's nego­ nated as, 482, 538-g; territorial prob­ tiations with the leaders of, 684-90, lems of, 540-I; Arab hostility to­ 696-8, 699-70I; Churchill's active wards, 562-4; Churchill's defence of, search for a settlement in, 704-49; and 564-6; 'will be a blessing to the whole the 'battle' of Belleek, 726-3 I, 736; world', 570; and its exclusion from all and the battle of the Four Courts, lands east of the Jordan, 577, 583-4; 740-2; Churchill's parliamentary temporary halt of immigrants to, speeches on, 447-9, 468-g, 677-8I, 585-6; Churchill upholds, 5g4-5, 688, 6go-6, 6g8-g, 70I-2, 706-7, 7I9- 5g7-8, 6I6-I8, 62I, 622, 623, 624-7, 22, 735-8 63I, 634, 644-62 Ironside, General (Sir) William Edmund Jews: 'you must not have too many of (later Field-Marshal Lord): in com­ them' in Cabinet, I 76; Churchill mand at Archangel, 23I, 234, 248, warns the anti-Bolsheviks against 26I, 263, 270, 274, 287, 290, 297-8, persecution of, 293; Tsarist massacres 2gg, 300-I, 3II, 3I6, 332; and the of, 3I3; Churchill seeks to prevent Middle East, 534, 549, 802 massacre of, 330, 34I-3, 35I; their fate Islington, Lady (Anne): 6o6 in Russia, 355; their position in Islington, Lord: and Zionism, 649 Palestine, 483-4, 5I3-I4, 538-g, 554, Ismet Pasha (later Inonu): and the 56 I ; Britain's promise to, 562; Arab Chanak crisis, 852, 854, 857, 86o attitude towards, 563-4; as soldiers, Israelites: Churchill draws modern 569-70; Churchill's personal contact parallel with, I 72; and the portals of with, 572-5, 584; killed in riots in the 'new Jerusalem', 658 Jaffa, 585; and Churchill's Palestine Italy: military disaster in, 53; munitions policy, 586-g, 594-5. 597-8, 599, needs of, 54-7; food imports of, 59; 6I5-62; '25,000 promiscuous people', 'one night may efface an army', 66; 650; their prominence among the withdraws its troops from North Bolsheviks, 760 Russia, 302; withdraws from the Jolly George: dockers refuse to load, 395-6 Caucasus, 304; and Turkey, 473, Jones, Thomas: I86, 26g-7o, 370, 378, 486, 50I-2, 5gi; and the Chanak crisis, 452, 456, 4gi-2, 6oi, 663, 666, 667, 825, 83I, 836, 86I 670, 67I, 673, 675, 676-7, 700, 7I4, 7I5, 7I6, 726, 728, 78o, 867, Jackson, Rear-Admiral (Sir) Thomas: gog 755-6; 'quite torpid', 758 Joynson-Hicks, Sir William: 405, 6I8-rg, Jaffa: Arabs and Jews killed in, 585, 643, 65r-2, 653-4 587, 588, 6I 7, 636-7 Jusserand, Jcan: I oo Japan: and the Allied intervention against the Bolsheviks, 227, 243, 247, Kamenev, L. B.: Lloyd George's ulti­ 254, 260, 268, 277. 309, 3I4, 3I9, matum to, 4I9; negotiates armistice, 357, 363, 364, 379; Churchill warns of 420; Churchill seeks expulsion of, 'danger from', 607 422-5,428-30 Jerusalem: anti-Jewish riots in, 484; Kellaway, F. G.: has 'serious misgivings', Herbert Samuel 'King' at, 5I4; I28 INDEX 955

Kent, Sir Stephenson: 39, I27 Labour Party: Churchill's attitude to­ Kenworthy, Joseph (later Lord Stra­ wards, 71, g65-6, 765, 772, 774, 785, bolgi) : 408, 449 795, 905; its attitude to Churchill, Keppel, Alice: and the death of Chur­ 295, 297, g21; Austen Chamberlain's chill's mother, 605-6; and the Chanak attitude towards, 864; and the 1922 crisis, 862 election, 869, 872, 87g-4; and Kerensky, Alexander: 658 n. I 'Britain's downfall', 877-8; and the Kerr, Philip Henry (later Lord Lothian): reduction of Britain to a 'bear and British policy towards the Bol­ garden', 8gg; replace the Liberals as sheviks, 243-8, 249, 252, 354, 420; the main Opposition party, 888 and Ireland, 453 Lamb, Sir Harry: 85g-4 Keyes, Sir Roger: 725 Lambert, George (later Lord): g95, g97, Kiggell, Sir Launcelot: 46-7 754 King, Mackenzie: and the Chanak crisis, Lane-Fox, George (later Baron Bingley): 829, 8gg 742 Kirkwood, David: and the Clyde muni­ Lansdowne, 5th Marquess of: Churchill tions dispute, 35-7 criticizes peace suggestion of, I 28- Kitchener, Earl: and the Dardanelles go; mentioned, I62; supports Balfour report, 8-g, I 3 Declaration, 650 n. 2 Knollys, Lord: 702 Lansing, Robert: 248 Knox, General (Sir) Alfred: sent to Laski, Harold: and Ireland, 675-6 Vladivostok, 22I, 234 n. I; at Eka­ Lauder, Harry: 96 terinburg, 282, 283, 29I; at Omsk, Lavery, Lady (Hazel): 748 297, 348; leaves Vladivostok for Lavery, Sir John: g86 England, g6g Law, Andrew Bonar: and Churchill's Kolchak, Admiral A. V.: and the anti­ search for Cabinet Office in I9I 7, 4; Bolshevik armies in Siberia, 228, 233, Churchill's dispute with, I5; his 249, 255, 257-8, 25g-6o, 270, 277, 'mournful face', I8; and Churchill's 278, 279. 280, 282, 283, 284-g2, return to the Cabinet, 2g, 28, go, 42; 295-9, goo, 3I2-I3, 3I4, gi8, 323, opposes Churchill's visit to Foch, 86; g24; 'his decisive battle', 326, 327, 'facing the storm all right', 88; 329, gg2, 334, 335; and Denikin, Churchill's advice on, I76; and Chur­ 337, 338, 343; his detractors, 344; chill's move to the War Office, I79; advances, 346; retreats, 356; 'losing', and the demobilization crisis, I87- 35,; 'broken up', 359; flees eastwards, 90; and British policy towards Russia g6o; taken prisoner, 363, g69; exe­ and the Bolsheviks, 265, 287, 298, goo, cuted, 377; Churchill's unwise reliance g18, g52 n. I, g6o, g71, g91, g97, 400, on, 76I; Churchill's support for, 904 41g-14, 420, 42I, 42g, 428-go, 4g7, Krasnoff, General P. N.: 239, 249 440; and the Amritsar debate, 401, Krassin, Leonid: and Britain's trade 410, 41 I; and Ireland, 45o-2, 461, negotiations with the Bolsheviks, g9 I, 464, 674, 7g8, 88I; and Turkey, 486; 399-400, 4I2-Ig; and the Russo­ Churchill appeals to, 526; resigns, Polish war, 4I9, 420; and Churchill's 555; and the death of Churchill's efforts to expel from England, 422-5, daughter, 6I2; 'stroking' Beaver­ 428-go; opens negotiations in Lon­ brook, 762; and Churchill's resig­ don,441 nation in November I9I5, 766; and Kuhlmann, Richard von: 50-I Churchill's possible resignation in Kun, Bela: seizes power in Budapest, March I922, 778; and the fall of the 269, g21; flees from Hungary, g92-g Coalition in October I922, 858-g, INDEX

Law, Andrew Bonar-continued Lenin-continued 863, 867; becomes Prime Minister, pose, 375; and Bolshevik intentions 870, 87I; Churchill comments on, towards England, 423, 424; and the in his election address, 877 IRA, 7 I 5; his illness, 789; Churchill Lawrence, General Sir Herbert: 87, 94 summarizes the aims of, 903 Lawrence, M. R.: 556 Leninism: Churchill urges 'a marked Lawrence, T. E.: becomes Churchill's aloofness from', 499 adviser on Arabian affairs, 510, 5I4, Leslie, General G. A.J.: 49I 5IS-I6, 527-8, 532, 534, 538; at the Leslie, Colonel Sir Jack: 697 Cairo Conference, 544, 545-6, 549, Leslie, Lady (Leonie): 697 552, 553, 556; meets Abdullah in Leslie, (Sir) Shane: 46I, 604 Transjordan, 559; seeks Arab--Zionist Leveson-Gower, Lord Alastair: 6Ig, 6I4 reconciliation, 587; his visit to Iraq Lewin, Schmarya: 6Ig vetoed, 8I3-I4; resigns, 8I4-I5; sends Liebknecht, Karl: 375 Churchill sympathy and advice after Lille: entered by the British, I54; the I922 election, 88g-go; on Chur­ Churchill visits, I55 chill's character, 895 Lindley, (Sir) Francis: 299 Layton, Walter: Churchill's questions to, Litvinov, Maxim: 'a mischievous crank', g8; with Churchill in France, I46--7 392,423 League of Nations: Churchill on import­ Lloyd, General Sir Francis: 370 ance of, I74; Russia a necessary part Lloyd George, David: finds no place for of, 254, 259; and Mesopotamia, 5I2, Churchill in his Government, 2; SI6, 537, 59 I; and Palestine, 538-g, his 'aptitude for war', 3; and Chur­ 552, 628, 6sg-6o; and Saudi Arabia, chill's desire for Cabinet office, 3-4; 55 I; and Ireland, 675; and the nego­ declines Churchill's advice, 7; sends tiations for the Iraq Treaty, 798, 8o4, Churchill Dardanelles report, 8; Chur­ 8os, 8o6, 8I4; and the Dardanelles, chill sees 'a good deal of', Ig; his 86o work praised, I4; Churchill criticizes Lee of Fareham, Lord: 520 n. I, 529; Government of, IS; and Churchill's and the Chanak crisis, 82 I, 826, 8go, return to the Cabinet, I6-I8, 22, 83 I, 834, Bgs-6, 8g8-g, 844 23-3I, 33, 34, 4I, 44; and war policy Lefevre, A. J.: Churchill's conversation (I9I7), 47, 53; and munitions with, 385, g8g-go policy, 55; Churchill appeals to, Lenin: 'a traitor', I4g-5o; War Cabinet 64-5; Churchill's advice to (Jan. threaten 'reprisals' against, 225; a I918), 66--7; and Churchill's Tank vision of his triumph, 234; House of proposals, 73-4; and the German Commons attitude towards, 276; breakthrough of March Ig18, 80-2, atrocities committed by, 278; 'inter­ 84; and Churchill's special mission to national conceptions' of, 286; on need France, 85, 8g-g2, 95, gg-Ioo, 101- to drive Kolchak across the Urals, 3; Churchill's continuing advice to 296; his victory envisaged, 3 10; his (April-June I918), 106--8, I I I-12, ruin 'indispensable', 32 I ; and the 118-19; Churchill appeals to, 120, 'fate' of the revolution, 325; and I21; and the munition factories' Denikin, 329; and the Cossacks, 350; strikes (July Ig18), 127-8; Churchill his instructions to Trotsky, 352; writes to about German shell superior­ Churchill's description of, 355-6; his ity, I33-4; and about munitions likely triumph, g6o; Churchill speaks policy, I36--7; and about manpower of theories of, 365; his extending policy, I44-5; and about Tanks, authority, 370; his 'diabolical' pur- 145-6; seeks Churchill's support, INDEX 957

Lloyd George, David-continued Lloyd George, David-continued I5g-6o; upsets Churchill, I6o-4; Belleek and Pettigo, 728-3 I ; and the and the armistice, I66; and the I9I8 murder of Sir Henry Wilson, 733- election, I67, I75-9; and the demo­ 4; and Bonar Law's hostility to the bilization crisis, I83-g3, I94-6; and Irish Treaty, 738; and the Govern­ Churchill's position as Secretary of ment's Irish policy after the death of State for Air, I98-9, 205; and Chur­ Collins, 745-9; and Churchill's war chill's plan for a Ministry of Defence, memoirs, 752-3; 'singularly tame', 212-I3; sends British troops to Russia, 762; and Churchill's defence of the 220; his policy towards Russia, 224, Coalition, 765; Churchill apologizes 227, 229-30, 233-4I; and Churchill's to, 770; Churchill's advice to, 77I-2, mission to Paris, 243-56; and Chur­ 774; Churchill's fierce opposition to chill's Russian policy, 257-400; and the Russian policy of, 775-80, 782-5; the Amritsar debate, 40 I, 402-3, 'as timid as a hare', 786; 'the worst 404, 410-I I; seeks negotiations with speech of his career', 787; and the Russia, 4I2; and the Russo-Polish negotiations for the Iraq Treaty, war, 4I3-I7, 4I8-22; and Churchill's 81 I-I3, 817-19; and the Chanak crisis, demand for the expulsion of Kamenev 82o-62 ; and the fall of the Coalition, and Krassin, 423-5, 428-30; and 863-7, 868, 870; Churchill's support Churchill's desire not to hamper the for during the I922 Election, 871, anti-Bolsheviks, or to trade with 873, 88I; Churchill's advice to, and Soviet Russia, 43I-42; and the relations with during the six years of Government's Irish policy, 443-7I; his premiership, 893, 895-7, 898, and the Government's policy towards 899-900,903-6, 907-g, 914 Greece and Turkey, 472-89; and the Locker-Lampson, Godfrey: 787 Arab revolt in Mesopotamia, 490-5; Londonderry, Marquess of: Churchill and Churchill's demands for peace seeks office for, I78; nearly killed in with Turkey, 497-502, 5I9, 59o-I, an air crash, 2IQ-I I; becomes Chur­ 6oo-I, 6Io-II; and the need for chill's Under Secretary of State for economy in the Middle East, 503; Air, 2I4; and Ireland, 700, 710, 7I7, the effect of his disagreements with 743; 'I wish you would somehow Churchill, 506; gives Churchill author­ become P.M.', 865; and Churchill's ity over Palestine and Mesopotamia, defeat at Dundee, 888-g 507-IO, 512, 5I4, 527; 'evasive, Londonderry, Lady (Edith Chaplin): elusive & indefinite', 52 I ; and the 'good people are so scarce', 2IO-II Cairo Conference, 547-8, 549-50; Long, Walter Hume (later Viscount): Churchill's discontent with, 580-2; opposes Churchill's return to the wishes to maintain British control at Cabinet, 29, 42; Churchill's advice the Dardanelles, 590; suggests offering concerning, I 77; and the demobiliza­ Palestine and Mesopotamia to the tion crisis, I88; friction with Churchill United States, 592; and Churchill's forecast, I97; Churchill defends him­ disputes with Curzon, 593-4, 6o7; self against, I98-g, 200-1, 202; at and the death of Churchill's mother, the Admiralty, 2I2, 307, 308, 320, 6o3; and Churchill's Palestine policy, 370, 372, 429; and Ireland, 454, 455; 6I7, 621-2, 627, 634-5; and the and Turkey, 486; and Churchill's Government's policy in Ireland during request to see secret telegrams, 525; 1921, 663-83; and the Irish problem supports Balfour Declaration, 650 n. 2; during I922, 687-8, 697, 700, 707-8, praises Churchill's Irish policy, 707 709-10, 723; and the 'battles' of Loucheur, Louis: Churchill meets, INDEX

Loucheur, Louis-continued Marsh, Edward Howard-continued 2 1 n. 1, 48; Churchill negotiates with, degrees', 184; and Boris Savinkov, 55-7, 6o; at Doullens, 83; and 422; and T. E. Lawrence, 510, 515; Churchill's visit to France in March and the Cairo Conference, 522, 555; 1918, 8g, 92, 94-5, g8, gg; Churchill at the Colonial Office, 651, 748; and protests to, 105; Churchill's request Churchill's war memoirs, 758-g; and to, 1 10; appeals to Churchill for Tanks, Churchill's serious polo accident, 781; 120; in conference with Churchill, 1 35, Churchill goes to France with, 788, 137-8; Churchill warns about Russia, 791, 792; and Churchill's appendicitis, November 1919, 359-60, gos; Chur­ 86s; and the fall of the Coalition, 871; chill dines with, 513, 791 and Churchill's defeat at Dundee, Ludendorff, General: 382, 384 8go; on Churchill's character, 8gs Lullenden, Sussex: Churchill relaxes at, Mary, Queen: 665 18-1 g; Churchill sees Lloyd George Massey, William: and the Jewish at, 34; Churchill works at, 38-g, 122; National Home, 617-18 Churchill visits Lloyd George from, l\fasterton Smith, Sir James: at the 53 ; Clementine Churchill at, 9 1, Ministry of Munitions, 43; and the 117-18, 138; Churchill flies near, 131 future administration of Mesopotamia, Lytton, Lady (Pamela): 61 I, 747, 795 512, 518, 522, 523, 527-8; and Pales­ tine, 639, 646; and Ireland, 710, 715, Mabowitz, Goldie (Golda Meir): 745; and Churchill's war memoirs, 646 n. 1 754-5; and the fall of the Coalition, Macaulay: his warning quoted, 409 867-8 Makhno, Nestor: 342 n. 2, 351-2, 354 Maurice, General Sir F. B.: So, 82, 84, go Makino, Count Nobuaki: 247, 255 Maxse, General (Sir) Ivor: 46 Malleson, Major-General: 234 n. 1 Maynard, General (Sir) C. C. M.: in Malone, C. J. L'Estrange: 355, 433-4 command at Murmansk, 231, 234, Mamontov, General K. K.: 325, 329 263, 270, 282, 283, 290, 31 I, 316 Mangin, General: 13 7 Meerovitch, Menache: 5 73-4 !Yfannerheim, General Carl: 287, 288, Mehmed VI, Sultan of Turkey: 477 307, 322, 363, 379 l\feighen, Arthur: and the Jewish Marat: 375 National Home, 616-17 Marchlewski, Julian: 416 n. I l\1einertzhagen, Colonel Richard: Chur­ Marden, lYiajor-General T. 0.: 829, chill's Middle East adviser on military 831, 849, Bso affairs, s82, s83, sg8, 617, 622, 635. Marlborough, 1st Duke of: 582 636--7, 637-9, 641, 647, 66o, 8o1, 8o8, Marlborough, gth Duke of: I 16 810; and the Chanak crisis, 857; and Marlowe, Thomas: 587-8 Churchill's departure from the Marriott, (Sir) J. A. R.: 656 Colonial Office, 870 Marsh, Edward Howard: on the dangers Mesopotamia: to be given up, 71; of impatience, 5; at the Ministry of Churchill's air control scheme for, Munitions, 43; in France with Chur­ 216-18; cost of, 472, 473, 476, 478, chill, 45-8, 138; conveys Churchill's 480-2; becomes a British Mandate, 'reproaches', 148; and Churchill's 482; danger to, 488; Arab revolt in, interviewwithJ. C. Squire, 148; intro­ 490-7; Cabinet discuss future of, duces Siegfried Sassoon to Churchill, 504; and Churchill's appointment as 15o-I; accompanies Churchill to Colonial Secretary, 507, so8-g; status France, Oct. 1918, 154-8; 'in slight of, 512; Feisal willing to become King suspense', 179; 'settling down by of, 515, sg6; Churchill's proposed INDEX 959

Mesopotamia-continued llvlontagu, Edwin-continued visit to, sog-Io, 5I2-I3, 5I7, SI8, 52 I; Lloyd George's efforts to win Chur­ and the Cairo Conference, 538, chill's support, rsg-6o; his import­ 544-SI, 556-7; and the Desert Air ance, 176; and Churchill's Russian Scheme, 577-9, s8o; Churchill's policy policy, 258, 2gB, 371-2; and the towards, from June Ig2I to October Amritsar debate, 401-11; and Mos­ Ig22, sgs-6, 6og-Io, 7g6-8Ig, 824, cow's imperial ambitions, 440, 478; 855-6; and the Chanak crisis, 830, and Turkey, 486, 4g8; and Meso­ 835. 852, 854 potamia, 4g7, 8o6; and the Middle Midleton, gth Viscount: 73I-2 East, 514, 527; 'anti-Zionist', 627; and Military Service Acts: and strike­ Ireland, 665, 668; and the Cabinet breaking, I 26-8 changes of rgr6, 766; and the Geddes Millar, J. D.: Churchill angered by, Committee, 768; and the future of the 67-8 Coalition, 771 ; resigns, 773; and Miller, Lieutenant-Colonel E. D.: 78 I Churchill's character, go7, go8 n. I Montgomery, Colonel (later Field-Mar­ Miller, General Y. K.: in North Russia, shal Viscount): 155 n. 1 3I6, 383 Moore-Brabazon, Colonel J. T. C. Millerand, Alexandre: 373-4, 380, 420, (later Baron): 201 487, 5I3-I4 Mordacq, General: gs Mills, Eric: 648 Morel, E. D.: Churchill's Labour Milne, General Sir G. F. (later Lord): opponent at the Dundee election, 872, 303-4· 322, 376, 381, 388, 412-I3, 874, 875, 878, 88o, 88r, 886; defeats 420,476-7,47g,4g6 Churchill, 887 Milner, Ist Viscount: opposes Chur­ Morgenthau, Henry: 623 n. 2 chill's return to Cabinet, 24; and Morin, Charles: painter, 515 the skilled workers' dispute, 53, 57-8, Morley, Viscount: 686 65; 'disappointing', 81; at Doullens, Mudania: Conference at, 852-3, 854, 83; and Irish conscription, 84; and 857-9; Convention of, 86o-r, 864 Churchill's visit to France in March Mulcahy, General R.J.: 746 Igi8, g2; and Churchill's appeal for Munro, Robert: r6o n. r, 664 Tanks, I2 I; Churchill's advice con­ Munro, Sir Thomas: 35 cerning, I 77; and the Bolsheviks, Murray, Sir Oswyn: 752 226-7, 234, 243, 2gg, 352 n. 1, 3g8, Musa Kasim Pasha: 564, 625-g, 640 440; responsible for Palestine, 485; Mussolini, Benito: 87g n. I retires from public life, 507; describes Mustafa Kemal Pasha (later Ataturk) : Churchill as 'keen, able & broad­ 472-3, 476, 482, 486, 487, 488, 4g7, minded', 520 4gB, 501-2, 504, sos, sgo-r, 6oo-r, Mironov, Philip: joins Bolsheviks, Boh 821, 825, 826, 828, Bso, 831, 354 n. I 834.837-54 Mohamed Osman: critical of Churchill's attitude to the Arabs, 566 n. I McCurdy, Charles: 771, 773 Mond, Sir Alfred (later Lord Melchett): Macdonald, D.J.: 86g 34I-2, 6Ig, 627, 64I, 647, 668, 768, Macdonogh, General Sir George: roo, Bs6, 873, 878, Bg2 I83-4, r88-go, 262, 263, 27g, 415, Montag, Charles: 7g2-3 451' 45g, 684, 8g3 Montagu, Edwin: becomes Secretary of McKenna, Reginald: Churchill's hatred State for India, 28, 2g, 30, 31; and of, r8, gog the Clyde munitions dispute, 35; and McKeown, Shane: 7og, 730 g6o INDEX

Mackinder, Sir Holford: 375-6 O'Connor, Rory: 709, 7IO, 742 Maclay, Sir Joseph: 54-5, 59-60, 370 O'Dwyer, Sir Michael: 403, 410 Maclean, J. B. : I 34 O'Higgins, Kevin: 700, 701 Maclean, Neil: 785 Oil: Palestine without, 572; and United Macmillan, Sir Frederick: 75I States pressure on Iraq, 8o6; and MacMunn, General Sir G.: 473, 476, Britain's need to remain in control of, 480 8r8 Macnamara, T.J.: 668,772 Oliphant, (Sir) Lancelot: 837 Macpherson, James Ian: 446, 447, 450 O'Reilly, William: 'his fatuous ver­ Macready, Sir Nevil: and Ireland, 449, bosity', 343-4 450-2, 456, 458, 460, 463, 47I, 667, Ormsby-Gore, William (later Lord Har­ 689, 7IO, 7I4, 740 lech): 526-7 McSwiney, Terence: on hunger strike, 45 7; dies, 458 Paderewski, Ignacy Jan: 288, 329, 344 Page Croft, General H. P. (later Lord): Napoleon: Churchill and, I8, 29; 407 Britain and, 896, 9I4 Painleve, Paul: and Churchill's visit to Nation: House of Commons debates France (May I917), 17-18, 21; forms articles in, I4-I5 Government, 47; falls from power, 56 Nelson: Churchill compared with, 29 Palestine: to be given up, 71; British Newfoundland: and the Chanak crisis, troops in, 18I, 472; unrest in, I95; 831, 832 need for economies in, 476, 478; Newman, Sir George: 37 becomes a British Mandate, 482; Newspapers: listed alphabetically in the Arab-Jewish friction in, 483-4, 484-5; List of Sources (Part 3): 937-8 danger to, 488; and the problem of New Zealand: and the Chanak crisis, Transjordan, 502-3; and Churchill's 825-6, 828-9, 832 appointment as Colonial Secretary, Nicholson, A. P. : 19 I 507, 509; Feisal willing to abandon Nitti, Francesco: 372, 380 'all claims of his father' to, 515; and Norman, Sir Henry: 21 the Cairo Conference, 533; territorial Northcliffe, rst Baron: his 'malevolent problems of, 538-g, 540-1; Cairo press', 2; congratulates Churchill, Conference discussions concerning, 26; Churchill works with, 34, 37, 552-5; Churchill reaches, 558; Arab 49; his papers critical of Churchill's protests in, 559; the future of Arabs promotion, I7g-8o; supports Chur­ in, 561; 'no question of setting up a chill's demobilization scheme, I9I; Jewish Government' in, 562, 'belongs further newspaper criticism, I97-8; to the Arabs', 563; 'should not be a possible Air Minister, 205; his separated from her sister States', 564; press 'persistently hostile', 390; and Churchill supports a Jewish National Churchill's Middle East policy, 587-8, Home in, 564-6; Jewish colonization 599; critical of Churchill's Palestine in, 567-8, 584; Churchill's policy policy, 648; his final illness, 786, 789, towards, from May I921 to October 790 I922, 588-g, 594-5, 597-8, 599, 6I5- Northcliffe, Lady: 790 62; Zionists bring 'a good gift' to, 655 Norton-Griffith, Sir J.: 657 Parliamentary debates: listed under Novello, Ivor: 45 n. I Hansard in the List of Sources: 937 Passchendaele: battle for, 53-4; 'this O'Connell, General J. J.: kidnapped, vast cemetery', 70 74° Patterson, chauffeur: 154 INDEX 961

Patteson, Captain Cyril: pilots Churchill Punch: Churchill 'as pleased as', 47 to and from France, I I3-14, I I6, I 18, Pyramids, The: Churchill visits, 556; I42, 143. I48 Churchill compared with, 599; Chur­ Peel, Viscount: 86o chill's visit to, recalled, 890 Pelle, General M.: 83I, 843, 856-7 Percy, General (Sir) J.: 4I4 Radcliffe, General (Sir) Percy P. de B.: Perks, Sir Robert: I 73 and the intervention against the Pershing, General: 90-1, 103, I2I n. I, Bolsheviks, 248-g, 252, 262, 263 n. I, 2IO 270, 279. 285, 299-300, 329, 381, Persia, Shah of: 'parting with his sub­ 396; and the Russo-Polish war, 415, jects' cash', 79o-1 425; and Ireland, 461; and the Middle Petain, General: at Doullens, 83; at East, 477, 549, Boo Beauvais, 98, IOI Raffet Pasha: 869 . Peter the Great: and Russian territorial Rawlinson, General Sir Henry: on the ambitions, 426 western front, 92, 94-5, 97, I02, Petliura, Simon: 339, 342 n. 2 I31-2, 136; sent to North Russia, Pettigo: 'battle of', 726, 730-I, 736 3IO-II, 315-16, 326, 383; with Pichon, Stephen: 243, 247, 272 Churchill on holiday, 384-7; in Pilkington, R. R.: one of Churchill's India, 525-6 opponents at the Dundee election, Reading, Earl (later Marquess): IOI, 875; 'our new friend', 877; supported 102, 160 n. I, 176, 360, 530, 563 by the local Press, 886; defeated, 887 Rees, Sir John: and Zionism, 618 Pilsudski, Joseph: 393, 4I3 Repington, Colonel c. a c.: I 15 Poincare, Raymond: 776, 833, 847, 86o Richmond, Ernest: 642 Poison gas: see Gas bombs and shells Riddell, Sir George Allardice (later Poland: 'must be reconstituted a Lord) : takes Churchill a message nation', I7I; 'bound to be anti­ from Lloyd George, 3-4; and the Bosch as well as anti-Bolshevik', 344; Dardanelles report, 8-9; and Chur­ negotiates with the Bolsheviks, 357-8; chill's first days at the Ministry of Churchill see as 'the only possible Munitions, 34; and Churchill's air allies' of the anti-Bolsheviks, 36I-2, crash, 210; and Churchill's Defence 368; Britain to give no aid to, 376; scheme, 213; and Churchill's policy launches an offensive against the Bol­ towards the Bolsheviks, 251, 371; and sheviks, 393, 395; and Bolshevik Krassin, 39 I n. 2 ; and the Russo­ ambitions towards, 4I3; and the Polish war, 395, 413, 416; and the Russo-Polish war, 414-22, 425-7, Graeco-Turkish war, 487-8; watches 432-3 Churchill and Lloyd George 'at Poole, Major-General: in the Caucasus, play', so8; and Lloyd George's view 234 n. I of Greeks and Turks, 61 I; and Ireland, Porch, Montagu: marries Churchill's 687; and Churchill's memoirs, 752 mother, I I4-15; and Lady Randolph's Rishon le-Zion: Churchill's visit to, death, 603 573-4· 597 Portugal: her troops bear brunt of Ritchie, Sir George: I70, 172, 174, 350, German attack (April 1918), 106; 496, 879 'rather a dirty brat', 135 Roberts, Lieutenant C. D.: in South Pratt, (Sir) John: 866, 876, 879 Russia, 306, 346 Prinkipo: proposed all-Russian con­ Roberts, George: 127, 370 ference at, 236-7, 240-1, 244-51, Robertson, James: 859, 869, 886, 887 253. 255. 266, 423 Robertson, Sir William: 40, 51, 73, 182 INDEX

Robespierre: 375 Salvidge, Sir Archibald: 694 Robey, George: 96 Samuel, Edwin (2nd Viscount): 651 Rosebery, 5th Earl of: 604-5 Samuel, Herbert: his being a Jew a Rothermere, 1st Baron (later Viscount): disability, 176-7; sent to Palestine, and Churchill's 'driving power', 24-5; 485; Churchill defends, 513-14; 'King' Churchill's advice to, 67; and North­ at Jerusalem, 514; warned of Chur­ cliffe's final illness, 786, 790; and the chill's 'weakness', 520; Churchill search for a clear fiscal policy, 899 decides to visit, 522, 534; and the Rothschild, Edmond James de: 657 Cairo Conference, 535, 552-5; and Rothschild, Mrs Leopold: 786 Churchill's visit to Palestine, 558, Rothschild, Lord (of the Balfour Declara- 559-61; Arabs critical of, 563; and tion) : 621 n. 2, 644 Jewish soldiers, 569-70; and the Rumbold, Sir Horace: in ·warsaw, 431, Desert Air Scheme, 580; and Chur­ 433; in Constantinople, 436 n. 1; and chill's Palestine policy from April 1921 the Chanak crisis, 820, 821, 825, 837, to October 1922, 582-3, 584-7, 842-3, 845-6, 847, 848, 849, 85o, 851, 588-g, 615, 617-18, 621, 622, 623-4, 856, 857-8, 86o, 861-2 631-4, 636-7, 638, 64o, 645-6, 647-a, Runciman, Sir Walter (later 1st Baron): 662 his 'ill-gotten gains', 169-70 San Remo: and trade with Russia, 391; Ruppin, Arthur: 569 Allied negotiations at, 482; and the Russell, General Sir Andrew: 147 Jewish National Home, 624 Russia: anxiety of political situation in, Sandilands, General H. G.: suppresses 14; despatch of guns to, 40; opens mutiny, 192 peace negotiations with Germany, Sapieha, Eustace: 421 66 n. 1 ; has no more claim on Britain, Sassoon, Sir Philip: 31, So, 140, 204, 75; dominates Churchill's work at the 450, 487, 507-8, 509, 520, 582, 588, War Office throughout 19 I 9 and much 752, 778, 78I, 783, 786, 788, 795, of I920, 219-400 and 412-42; and the 840, 890 Arabs, 562; possible 'economic re­ Sassoon, Siegfried: Churchill recites organization' of, 760; Churchill's poems of, 140 struggle to prevent full British recog­ Savinkov, Boris V.: Churchill 'much nition of, 775-85; and the Chanak impressed by', 36I-2; wants to cross crisis, 842, 844; effect of 'that little into Soviet territory, 422, 43I-2, set of Communist criminals' on, 915. 433; Bolsheviks apparently reconciled See also index entry for 'Bolsheviks' to, 76o-I Rutenberg, Pinhas: his electrical power Savory, Captain R. A. (later General Sir scheme, 536, 539, 543. 573, 584, 620, Reginald) : in Siberia, 286 633-4, 642-3, 647, 648, 651-9 Sazonov, Sergei D.: 285 Scavenius, H. R.: 225 Sacher, Harry: on Britain's future in Scott, Colonel A. J. L.: Churchill's Palestine, 571-2, 631 pilot, 208-I O, 2 I I Sacher, Miriam: 639 Scott, Charles Prestwich: and Churchill's Sackville-West, General C.J.: 88-g, 100, desire for Cabinet office, I 1 ; Churchill 252 rebukes, 875 Salim ben Mubarak: 514 Scott, General (Sir) T. E.: 534, 552 Salisbury, 4th Marquess of: 855 Scrymgeour, Edwin: seeks women's Salmon, Captain G. H.: murdered, 494 vote, I74; 'our old friend', 877; sees Salmond, Major-General (Sir) J. M.: Churchill as the future head of the 205, 206, 216, 544, 855 Fascist party, 879; 'his persistency', INDEX g63

Scrymgeour, Edwin-continued Sinclair, Sir Archibald Henry-continued 88I; defeats Churchill at the I922 I918, 123-4; with Churchill in France, Election, 887 Oct. I918, I54-5; with Churchill at Seely, J. E. B.: on Churchill's return to Dundee, Nov. I9I8, I72; with Chur­ the Cabinet, 30; takes charge of the chill at the Colonial Office, 5 I 5, 534, Tank Board, 72; and the German 585, 6I5-16, 63s, 646-7, 669, 798, breakthrough of March I9I8, 94, 8o4, 824, 837; and the death of 96-7; and Churchill's visit to Hendon Churchill's daughter, 6U-I2; and aerodrome, I I 4; and German shells, Clementine Churchill's health, 767; I33-4; and Tanks, I47; represents Churchill gives a polo pony to, Churchill at Dundee, I 73; Churchill 78I n. I champions, I77-8; Churchill's Under­ Sinclair, Captain H. F. P.: Director of Secretary of State for Air, I97, I98, Naval Intelligence, 425, 428 202, 204, 205, 207-8, 2I2; resigns, Sklianski, E. M.: 296 2I3-I4 Smith, Frederick Edwin (later Lord Selborne, 2nd Earl of: I62 Birkenhead) : Churchill's friendship Sforza, Count: 836 with, I3; and the armistice, I66; his Shackleton, Sir David: 306 political future, I 77; and Churchill's Shakespeare, (Sir) Geoffrey: 673, air policy, 203; and Churchill's 892 defence scheme, 2 I 2; urges Churchill Shakespeare, William: misquoted, 99 not to resign, 438-g; supports an Shepherd's Pie: Churchill's description Anglo-Soviet agreement, 440; and of, I38 Ireland, 455; spends weekend 'amid Sheridan, Clare: 604 the sunshine', 520; gives up drink, Sherwood, Frances: attacked at Amrit­ 525, 539; 'half inclined' to support sar, 402 Churchill, 582 ; and the death of Shibly al-Jamal: 625-7; on 'the neces­ Churchill's mother, 6os; supports sity of killing Jews', 645 Balfour Declaration, 650 n. 2; and Shortt, Edward: and Ireland, 457, 470, the Irish negotiations of I92I and 66s, 733 I922, 667, 669, 672-3, 675-6, 686, Shuckburgh, (Sir) John: 263 n. I; 698, 724; Bonar Law hostile to, 762; advises Churchill, 5 I 2; becomes Head and the Geddes Committee, 768-g; of Churchill's Middle East Depart­ and Lloyd George's desire to recognize ment, 524, 527, 528 n. I; his advice Soviet Russia, 775-85; Tory Under­ to Churchill, 536, 538, 6Is, 622, 633. Secretaries ' scolded by', 788; and the 636, 638, 639-4I, 642-6, 65I; and growing Conservative hostility to Churchill's Iraq policy, 796, 798, Lloyd George, 794-5; urges complete 8I4-I5 withdrawal from Iraq, 8o6; and the Shuttleworth, Colonel (Sir) D. I.: 824, Chanak crisis, 84 I, 844, 86o; and the 829, 835 fall of the Coalition, 863, 864; and Sidebotham, Herbert: and Transjordan, Churchill's election campaign of Octo­ 583-4; and Churchill's oratorical ber I922, 866; receives no office in powers, 599 Bonar Law's administration, 870; 'no Simpson, Professor J.: 263 n. I use at all' at Dundee, 88o Sinclair, Sir Archibald Henry: Chur­ Smuts, General: a word of warning chill confides in, I-3, 4-5, I3, I4, from, 34-5; 'cautious', 8I; describes 62-3; Churchill visits, 70; Churchill the Bolshevik 'danger', 226; and describes his flight mishap to, u8; Zionism, 619; and Ireland, 665, 666; praises Churchill's speech of 4 July and the Chanak crisis, 829 INDEX

Smyrna: occupied by Greece, 472-3, 'Stunt': Churchill seeks definition of, I39 479--80, 487, 503, 519; Turks drive Sutherland, 5th Duke of: 524, 6I3-14, Greeks westwards towards, 820, 821, 650 n. 2 825; Turkish Ministers meet at, Sutherland, (Sir) William: I37, 276, 832 402-3, 4IQ-I I, 430, 508 Smyth, Colonel G. F.: shot dead, 456 Sydenham, Lord: and Zionism, 638, Sokolow, Nahum: 543, 570, 589, 628 639, 64g-5o, 653-4,660-2 Somerset, Major (later Lord Raglan): Sykes, Major-General Sir Hugh: and 554,650 n. 2 civil aviation, 200, 20I, 202, 206, Somme, battle of: Churchill describes 214-I6 difficulties for MPs who fought at, 5; Churchill warns against repeating Tanks: I6, I7, 38, 46, 55, 57, 6o-r, 62, tactics of, 8; Churchill contrasts 72-4, 76, I09, I I9-22, I26-7, I3I, Dardanelles campaign with, 10; Chur­ I32, I33-4, I36, I44-5; Churchill chill visits, 4 7; steel waste as a result of, 'a Tank juggernaut', 9IO 6o; Germans recapture battlefield of, Taxation: Churchill's views on, 898 85, 86; reflections on, 139; British Tchaikowsky, N. V.: 284, 285, 286, recapture battlefield of, 141 658 n. I Sonnino, Sidney: and the Bolsheviks, Tel-Aviv: Churchill's visit to, 572-3; 243· 245· 247--8,255 electrical plans for, 584 Spender, J. A.: 345-6, 912 Tereschenko, N. I.: 292-3 Spiers, General Edward Louis (later Sir Thomas,]. H.: 185,834 n. I Edward Spears): and the German Thompson, W. H.: Churchill's detective, breakthrough of March-April 1918, 465, 739, 879, 885 8o, 88-g, 91, 100, 103, 105; and Thomson, Sir Basil: 428, 464-5, 466 Churchill's attitude to the Bolsheviks, Thomson, D. C.: Churchill's denun­ 235; and Churchill's train, 385; ciation of, 885-6 Churchill's support for, 772; supports Thomson, Major-General: at Baku, Churchill at Dundee during the I922 234 n. I election, 875, 878, 882, 885 Thwaites, General (Sir) William: and Spoor, Benjamin: 4IO Britain's intervention against the Bol­ Squire, J. C.: I49-50 sheviks, 238-g, 279, 388, 396; and the Stamfordham, Lord: 579, 702, 713, 870, proposed expulsions of Krassin and 89I Kamenev, 423, 424, 428, 429; and Steel: its contribution to victory, 45; Turkey, 498 shortage of, 6o; and Tanks, 73 Tilden, Philip: and Chartwell, 876 Stem, Colonel (Sir) Albert: I36 Tillett, Ben: 834 n. I Stettinius, E. R.: 136-7 Trafalgar, battle of: 914 Stevenson, Frances Louise: finds Chur­ Transjordan: 502-3, 5I5, 524, 538, chill 'very sulky', 16; on Lloyd 540-I, 552, 560-I, 576--8, 583 George's need for Churchill, I8; and Treaty of Sevres: Turks dismayed by, Churchill's Russian policy, 37I, 372, 482; Churchill critical of, 485-6; 374; and Churchill's relationship with signed, 488; and Armenia, 497 n. I; Lloyd George, 581, 582; and Chur­ criticized, 498, 501, 519; defended, chill's Turkish policy, 610; and 502 ; still unrevised, 796; and the Churchill's criticisms of Sir Eric 'neutral zones' in Turkey, 82 r ; Geddes, 769; and Churchill's defence inoperative, 859 of the 'old world', 9I4 Treaty of Versailles: Churchill urges Strickland, General Sir E.: 471 'early revision' of, 384; Poland the INDEX

Treaty of Versailles-continued Turkey--continued 'lynch-pin' of, 4I7; Churchill advo­ the San Remo decisions, 482, 484; cates 'profound revision'· of, 427; the Churchill urges peace with, 485--6; 'a Balfour Declaration 'an integral part decadent race', 488; Churchill reiter­ of', 6s3 ates plea for peace with, 497,499-501, Trenchard, Air-Marshal Sir Hugh (later so3-4, SI3, SI9, 535--6, 540, s9o-2, Viscount): Churchill telephones, I99; 598, 6oo-I, 6og-11; dispute over the offers his resignation, 203; his resig­ origins of Britain's war with, 752-3; nation refused, 204, 205; his work at Churchill seeks 'a good settlement' the Air Ministry, 206, 208, 2I6-I8; with, 807; takes the offensive against and Britain's withdrawal from Russia, Greek forces in Anatolia, 8I6-I7, 380; and the Middle East, 494, 534, 8I9; and the Chanak crisis, 82o-62, 544-s. 546, 547. sso, 577. s8o; and 864,869 Ireland, 455, 725; and Air Force Twentieth Century: Churchill's melan­ economy, 769; and the Iraq Treaty, choly reflections on, 9 I 5 8oo-I, 803, 810, 8I I; and the Chanak Tyrant: Churchill's definition of, 905--6 crisis, 843 Trevor, Colonel A. P.: 534 Unemployment: Churchill's plea con­ Trotsky: War Cabinet's threat of repri­ cerning, 898-g sals against, 225; House of Commons United States: her troops needed on the attitude towards, 276; atrocities com­ western front, I6-I7, 34, 48, 50; mitted by, 278; 'international con­ 'mythical dreams' about, 8o; urgent ceptions' of, 286; on need to take the need for troops from, 8I-2, 9o-I, 100, offensive against Kolchak, 296; his 102-4, no, 119; 'the splendour' of victory envisaged, 310; his ruin her manhood, I22; her 'good press', 'indispensable', 32 I ; and the 'fate of I33; her first offensive on the western the entire Revolution', 325; under­ front, I48; and the Allied intervention takes defence of Petrograd, 348, 350, against the Bolsheviks, 22I, 224, 276, 352, 354; and Bolshevik negotiations 302, 309, 3I4, 3I9, 368; and the with the Poles, 358; his likely triumph, Russo-Polish war, 4I6; France 'aban­ 360; Churchill speaks of theories of, doned' by, 427; and Ireland, 446, 365; and the Russo-Polish war, 4I6; 456, 664, 669, 696, 706, 708, 713, 7I9; and the IRA, 7IS; and the Russian 'uphill work' to make an enthusiastic famine, 775; has 'the power to speech about, 530; and the Palestine­ murder those whom he cannot con­ Mesopotamia Mandates, 592, 627; vince', 878; Churchill summarizes Churchill proposes an Alliance with, the aims of, 903 6o7; and the possible 'economic Tuam, Archbishop of: 467-8, 469-70 reorganization' of Russia, 760; decides Tudor, General H. H.: and Churchill's not to recognize Soviet Russia, 776; visits to France in I9I8, 77, 79, makes difficulties for Britain in Iraq, I ss-8; and Ireland, 456, 458-g, 46o, 8o6, 8I4; and the Chanak crisis, 858 47I; and Palestine, 635, 868; praises Churchill as a chief, 894 Vane-Tempest, Lord H.: dies, leaving Tulin, Abraham: 623 Churchill a legacy, 52 I Turkey: future of, 7I; surrenders, I 58; Venizelos, E.: 47g-8o, 487, 495, 497, must be dismembered, I7I; failure to 498, 5oo, s3s, 84o-1, 842, 858 reach a settlement with, I95; national Verchocq, Chateau: Churchill's head­ recovery of, 4 72-3; Churchill's attitude quarters in France, 113, 131-4I, towards, 473, 477-8, 479, 48o; and 142-g, 154-8 g66 INDEX

Vernon, R. V.: 632, 658 n. I, 8oi Willoughby de Broke, Igth Baron: Victoria, Queen: palmy days of, almost wishes he were a Jew, 650 914 Wilson, Colonel (Sir) A. T.: 4g2, 4g7, 532 'Var: Churchill wants 'direction' of, I; Wilson, General (later Field-Marshal) and Churchill's 'impulse & gift', 2; Sir Henry: 'it always amuses me to its 'simple animal life', 4; 'weighs talk to Winston', 20; and Churchill's heavy on us all', 13, 91 I; its lessons return to the Cabinet, 24; and Tanks, 'so cruelly written', 61; the Germans 6o; finds Churchill' full of ideas', 6I; 'bored' by, 70; 'Violent counsels & and Churchill's Tank policy, 73; and measures must rule', 82; Churchill's Churchill's gas policy, 73-4; and the desire 'to take part in', 112; 'the German breakthrough of March Igi8, normal occupation of man', I5I; 8o,8I,82,83-4,86,gi-2,I03;andthe 'burdens grievous to be borne', 166; munition factories' strikes ofjuly 1g18, 'nothing is too good' for, 171; 'its iron 127-8; and the British offensive of slavery', g 12; its 'fearful agencies of Aug. Igi8, 131; and the armistice, destruction', 913-14 164, 166; and Churchill's move to the War profits: Churchill's desire to tax, 'Var Office, 17g; and the demobiliza­ 63, 169-70, 8g8 tion crisis, 181-4, 185, 187-g, 1g1-2; 'Vard, Colonel John: 224, 254, 266, and a possible Defence Ministry, 212; 355 and British policy towards the Bol­ Wardrop, (Sir) John: 343, 360 sheviks, 23o-1, 233-5, 236, 240-2; Waring, S. J.: 124 accompanies Churchill to Paris, 243- Waterloo, battle of: 914 56; and Churchill's policy towards Watson, Colonel C. F.: 730 Russia, 257-3g7, go5; and the Russo­ Wedgwood, Josiah: and Bolshevik atro­ Polish war, 414, 415; and the proposed cities, 276; and atrocities committed expulsion of Krassin and Kamenev, by the anti-Bolsheviks, 293; asks 423, 425, 426, 428; and Ireland, 445, Churchill a personal favour, 2g7; 447, 45o-2, 454, 456, 458-g, 46o-I, denounces the anti-Bolsheviks, 355; 462-3, 465, 466, 47G-I, 665, 666, and the Amritsar debate, 403 684, 685, 687, 68g, 6g4, 6g5, 6g6, 6g8, 'Weir, 1st Baron (later Viscount): 138, 703, 705, 706, jOg, 72I, 726, 72g; and 139 Turkey, 477, 47g, 483, 486-7, 4g8, 'Veizmann, Dr Chaim: 484, 540-1, 543, 577-8, 5go-2; and Mesopotamia, 570, 617, 618, 621-2, 623-4, 627-8, 4go-I, 4g3-4, 4g6, 504; and 631-2, 636, 638, 63g-4I, 644, 647-8, Churchill's departure from the War 66o, 662 Office, 506; and Churchill's 'bad luck' Welldon, Bishop: 89I-2 being in Cairo, 555-6; on Churchill's Wells, H. G.: in dispute with Churchill, poor military judgement, 582; and 441-2 Palestine, 622, 648; murdered, 733; West, George Cornwallis: 604 his State funeral, 735; his sum­ Westminster, 2nd Duke of: 60-1, 79, mary of Churchill's character, 383, 86, 88, 101, 103, 108, 154, 384, 428, go6-7 45g, 780, 788, 7gl 'Vilson, Sir Leslie: and the fall of the 'Veygand, Maxime: g3 Coalition, 863-4 Whitley,]. H.: 721-2 'Vilson, Woodrow: Allied appeals to, go, Wilhelm II, German Emperor: 164, gg, Ioo-2; and the German surrender, 166, 342 I 54; and Allied policy towards the Williamson, Lord: 787 Bolsheviks, 240, 243-6, 255, 268, 276 INDEX

'Vimborne, Cornelia Lady: her advice, Young, Major Hubert: and the Middle 30; and Lady Randolph's death, 604 East, 5I2 n. 3, 5I8, 5I9; his services Wimborne, 2nd Baron (later Viscount): 'essential', 527; obstinate, 528 n. I; and the possibility of a negotiated 'a very clever man', 534; his advice peace, 75; and Lady Randolph's on Palestine and Mesopotamia, 538, death, 6os 549. 552, s8o, s8s n. I, s86-7, 6ro, 'Vindsor Castle: Churchill's embarrass­ 6I5, 6I8, 620, 623, 624, 625-6, 63I, ment at, 39I 632, 636, 650; and the final negotia­ Winterton, 6th Earl of: 527, 599, 788 n. I tions for the Iraq Treaty, 798, 799, W odehouse, Lord (later 3rd Earl of 8o8, 8I6, 824 Kimberley): 789, 790, 875, 876, 879 Younger, Sir George: and Conservative Wolfe, Humbert: 'a blow personal to distrust of Churchill, 25-6 ourselves', 88g Ypres salient: Churchill visits, 6g-7o; Walmer, Viscount (later 3rd Earl of overrun by the Germans, Io6; Chur­ Selborne): 720-I chill revisits, I 58 Wood, Captain (later General) G. N.: Yudenitch, General N. N.: 276, 287, in South Russia, 358, 367 288, 292-3, 307, 32I-7, 336, 346, 348, Worthington-Evans, Sir Laming: 33, 35D-2, 354. 356, 359. 362, 366, 367-8, 39, Igo, 399, 5Ig-2o, 523 n. I, 529, 422, 438, 904 sss-6, 577, 665, 66g, 6g8, 7oo, 723, 727, 73I, 79g-8oo, 802, 8o6; and the Zionism: Churchill's interest in, 484-5; Chanak crisis, 825, 826, 82g, 834, Millerand critical of, 5I3-I4; and 836 n. 2, 838, 840, 84I, 843, 845 possibility of 'controversy' ansmg Wrangel, Count A. M. H.: 240 from, 552; and Jewish self-defence, 'Vrangel, General: succeeds Denikin in 555; and Transjordan, 540-I, 543, the Crimea, 389, 39I-2, 399; Britain 56I, 577; Arab 'hatred' of, 563-4, withdraws support from, 4I2-I3, 59 I ; its achievements defended, 567-8; 4I4; Churchill wants to resume help Churchill praises, 568-9, 570, 584, to, 420; his possible successes, 426, 588; linked by Arabs with Bolshevism, 43 I, 432; his possible destruction, 586-7; and Churchill's Palestine 433; evacuates the Crimea, 423, 436, policy, s88-g, 597. 6I5-62; 'will fail', 438; Churchill's unwise reliance on, 6so; brings to Palestine 'a good gift', 76I 655