DOCSLIB.ORG

The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR DONALD PETTERSON Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy and Lambert Heyniger Initial interview date: December 13, 199 Copyright 2002 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born and raised in California .S. Navy $orean War niversity of California at Santa Barbara' CLA Entered Foreign Service - 1,-. Me0ico City1 Me0ico - 2isa and Welfare Officer 1,-1-1,-2 Marriage FSI - Swahili Language Training 1,-2-1,-3 7an8ibar - Political9Consular Officer 1,-3-1,-5 Population Independence Coup d;etat (revolution) Americans evacuated Foreign press Chargé Picard e0pelled British $arume Frank Carlucci Tan8ania formation Anti-Americanism Environment SIS Embassy officers e0pelled Lagos1 Nigeria - Political Officer 1,---1,-7 Coup d;etat Ethnic rivalries nity issue Americans evacuated 1 Republic of Biafra Stanford niversity - Fellowship Award 1,-7-1,-A State Department - Personnel - Political Officer Assignments 1,-A-1,7. Freetown1 Sierra Leone - DCM 1,7.-1,72 Anti-Americanism Coup attempt Siaka Stevens Self-help projects Peace Corps Bovernment corruption Pretoria1 South Africa - Political Counselor 1,72-1,75 Apartheid laws Environment Contacts Bovernment relations Cape Town Black Townships Elections State Department - Policy Planning Staff - Africa 1,75-1,7A $issinger South Africa State Department - Africa Bureau - Office of Southern African Affairs 1,7A Namibian independence issue Cyrus 2ance Somalia - Ambassador 1,7A-1,A2 The Ogaden .S. interests President Siad Barre SAID Environment Clan rivalries niversity of California at Los Angeles - 2isiting Scholar 1,A3-1,AC ResearchD African Affairs State Department - Deputy nder Secretary for Management 1,AC-1,A- Tan8ania - Ambassador 1,A--1,A, Bovernment 2 Tan-7am Railroad Economy State Department - Africa Bureau - Deputy Assistant Secretary (temporary) 1,A,-1,,. Liberia 7imbabwe - Ambassador 1,,.-1,,1 Environment Mugabe Sudan - Ambassador 1,,2-1,,5 Civil war Political parties Relations Terrorists Tshombe e0ecution SAID Security Environment NBOs Starvation Bovernment Evacuation .S. warning to Sudan Retirement 1,,5 AuthorD Inside Sudan Monrovia1 Liberia - Chargé d;Affaires 1,,A-1,,, INTERVIEW ': Today is December 13, 199 . This is an interview with Donald Petterson. We+re doing this on behalf of the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training and I+m Charles Stuart Kennedy. All right. Well, can we start at the beginning- Could you tell me when and where you were born and something about your family- PETTERSOND I was born in Huntington Park1 California1 November 171 1,3.1 during the Breat Depression. Like so many then1 my father was without a job. ': .es. 3 PETTERSOND We moved around southern California until I was three1 my dad finally getting work here and there. We moved to Pismo Beach1 California when I was three1 and he- ': That+s up in northern, mid California- PETTERSOND It;s central coast- ': Central coast, oh- PETTERSOND Roughly halfway between San Francisco and Los Angeles1 ninety miles or so north of Santa Barbara. My mother worked with my father in the Safeway store in Pismo. She later became a librarian. My dad stayed with Safeway until he retired about 3. years later. So I grew up in this small beach town1 a tourist town1 in California in the E3.s. ': Is that near Cambria Pines- PETTERSOND About C. miles south of Cambria. My two brothers and I had an idyllic kind of childhood there in that small town1 free to roam the beach1 free to roam the hills behind the town. We moved twelve miles north to San Luis Obispo when my father was transferred during the war. I was thirteen at the time and went through high school there before joining the navy in 1,CA. ': At the high school, did you get any particular feeling about foreign affairs or anything li/e that- PETTERSOND None whatsoever. I was primarily interested in sports when I was in high school. I was a good enough student1 at least until I got to be a tempestuous teenager and lost interest in academics. The rock of stability of my adolescence was athletics. I was not a particularly good athlete1 but I worked hard at it and lettered in a varsity sport. I was the first-string catcher on the baseball team. I admired one of my coaches very much1 and I thought that coaching was what I wanted to do with my life. But I wasn;t ready for college1 and I knew it1 so I joined the navy. I told my dad1 FLook1 I;ve never been out of California. I;ve never even been to Los Angeles e0cept one brief visit and I want to see the world. Please would you sign for meGH I was only seventeen. My mother and father agreed. I ate bananas all that summer trying to gain enough weight to pass the physical e0am. I was worried the navy might not take me. But in 1,CA the Berlin Crisis was on1 the services were e0panding1 and they would take anything that breathed. ': .es. 4 PETTERSOND My only deficiency was my scrawniness1 and IlaughterJ I wasn;t that scrawnyK So I was accepted in the navy1 took a train to Los Angeles1 had a final physical e0am1 and joined other recruits there for a train ride down to San Diego1 to boot camp. I had my hair shaved off and got some uniforms. That first night (I thought this was rather strange) they had some of us stand what they called a fire watch. I wondered1 FWhy do we have to do thisG Why can;t we just go to bedGH ILaughterJ. ': 0Laughter1 PETTERSOND The ne0t morning1 my first breakfast in the navy was baked beans1 which I hated. And I thought1 FPerhaps I;ve made a mistakeKH ILaughterJ ': 0Laughter1 PETTERSOND But it was too late. I survived boot camp as most young men did1 young men and women now1 of course. I decided that I wanted to go into submarines1 but I had signed up for the aviation branch1 and the navy held me to my contract. I was sent Airman;s Fundamentals School at Naval Air Station Millington1 Tennessee1 near Memphis. I went to Memphis by train in a Pullman car. ': It got you out of California2 PETTERSOND It got me out of California. Marvelous tripK Crossing the nited States in November1 going over the Rockies1 seeing snow falling for the first time in my life1 watching the wonderful countryside pass by - that was the positive side of it. The negative side was that the two petty officers who accompanied these boots cleaned us out good in poker and blackjack games ILaughterJ. But when we got to Memphis1 I didn;t need much money anyway1 for I was going into training. With hundreds of others1 I had to wait for about three months until there was room in the classes1 which were overcrowded because the navy had suddenly e0panded without sufficient facilities to accommodate all the people who were coming in. While we were waiting1 we had to do various kinds of menial labor1 some of them make-work. I soon became very adept in the art of goldbricking. ': .es. PETTERSOND Airman;s Fundamentals was a mi0ture of mathematics1 physics1 and brief courses in the various specialties1 such as metal working1 aviation ordinance1 mechanics1 parachute rigging1 and aerology1 the navy;s term for meteorology. I did very well academically in the tests and was able to choose the field I wanted. I chose aerology1 and was sent to Lakehurst1 New Lersey. ': The old balloon, I mean, Lighter3Than3Air facilities. 5 PETTERSOND Mes1 up in the Pinelands of New Lersey. It was a nice setting. Parachute rigger trainees were also at Lakehurst. I joined a class of about forty budding meteorologists. The course lasted fourteen weeks1 at the end of which we could choose from the available billets. We selected on the basis of our test scores. I managed to be number one in the class1 so I had first pick. There were only two seagoing billets1 and I had no intention of going to a shore station if I could avoid it. I took one of the two1 both of which were on transports. I chose the SS Beneral William Mitchell1 named after the controversial army air force general. I took my first transcontinental air flight on a DC-31 which lumbered across the nited States to Burbank. From there I made my way to San Diego to catch a ship to San Francisco1 where the Mitchell was berthed. So I got my first brief sea duty on an oiler1 which took a couple days to get up to San Francisco. I spent the daylight hours out on the deck chipping paint1 the marvelous pastime IlaughterJ that the navy eNuivalent of grunts have to perform to keep the ships from rusting. I found that I didn;t get seasick. I got a little Nueasy the first night out1 went to my bunk1 got up the ne0t day1 felt fine1 and was never seasick in my years of sea duty. I went to San Francisco1 boarded the Mitchell1 and off to the Far East we went. ': Just out of curiosity, why would there be meteorologists on transports- I would thin/ it would be aircraft carriers or something li/e that. PETTERSOND Mes1 meteorologists - aerographers - were on carriers and ships of the line. Especially on carriers1 which would have a detachment of aerographers. Bood Nuestion. I honestly don;t know1 but the larger transports1 like the Mitchell1 had one aerographer aboard who provided the captain with information about the weather. Perhaps it was because of the precious cargo1 people. At any rate1 I was now a crewman on the Mitchell.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vietnam January-August 1963
    III. BEGINNING OF THE BUDDHIST CRISIS, MM 9-JUNE 16: INCIDENT IN HUE, THE FIVE BUDDHIST DEMANDS, USE OF TEAR GAS IN HUE, SELF- IMMOLAHON OF QUANG DUC, NEGOTIAl-IONS IN SAIGON TO RESOLVE THE CRISIS, AGREEMENT ON THE FIVE DEMANDS 112. Telegram From the Consulate at Hue to the Department of State’ Hue, May 9, 1963-3 p.m. 4. Buddha Birthday Celebration Hue May 8 erupted into large- scale demonstration at Hue Radio Station between 2000 hours local and 2330 hours. At 2245 hours estimated 3,000 crowd assembled and guarded by 8 armored cars, one Company CG, one Company minus ARVN, police armored cars and some carbines fired into air to disperse mob which apparently not unruly but perhaps deemed menacing by authorities. Grenade explosion on radio station porch killed four chil- dren, one woman, Other incidents, possibly some resulting from panic, claimed two more children plus one person age unknown killed. Total casualties for evening 8 killed, 4 wounded. ’ I Source: Department of State, Central Files, POL 25 S VIET. Secret; Operational Immediate. Received at 8:33 a.m. 2 At 7 p.m. the Embassy in Saigon sent a second report of the incident to Washing- ton, listing seven dead and seven injured. The Embassy noted that Vietnamese Govern- ment troops may have fired into the crowd, but most of the casualties resulted, the Embassy reported, from a bomb, a concussion grenade, or “from general melee”. The Embassy observed that although there had been no indication of Viet Cong activity in connection with the incident, the Viet Cong could be expected to exploit future demon- strations.
    [Show full text]
  • Conceiving the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union in the Midst of the Cold
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Virtual Commons - Bridgewater State University Bridgewater State University Virtual Commons - Bridgewater State University History Faculty Publications History Department 2014 Conceiving the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union in the Midst of the Cold War: Internal and International Factors Ethan Sanders Bridgewater State University, [email protected] Virtual Commons Citation Sanders, Ethan (2014). Conceiving the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union in the Midst of the Cold War: Internal and International Factors. In History Faculty Publications. Paper 42. Available at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/history_fac/42 This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. African Review Vol. 41, No. 1, 2014: 35-70 Conceiving the Tanganyika-Zanzibar Union in the Midst of the Cold War: Internal and International Factors Ethan R. Sanders* Abstract To what extent was international pressure placed on Nyerere and Karume to unify their two states in April 1964? The argument made is that even though Americans were initially very pleased with the outcome of the Union—because they thought it would help stem the spread of communism in the region—this was not a Western-initiated plan forced upon East African leaders. Indeed, the evidence shows that Americans were largely in the dark and in fact very frustrated by their lack of influence on the situation. Instead, the Union merely served as a confluence of African and American interests. The internal factors are inspected by highlighting African concerns over outside interference, worries about domestic stability, and a desire by Karume to consolidate his power.
    [Show full text]
  • In Contemporary Zanzibar Marie-Aude Fouéré
    Remembering the Dark Years (1964-1975) in Contemporary Zanzibar Marie-Aude Fouéré To cite this version: Marie-Aude Fouéré. Remembering the Dark Years (1964-1975) in Contemporary Zanzibar. Encoun- ters: The International Journal for the Study of Culture and Society, 2012, pp.113-126. halshs- 00856968 HAL Id: halshs-00856968 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00856968 Submitted on 12 Apr 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Remembering the Dark Years (1964–1975) in Contemporary Zanzibar Marie-Aude Fouéré French Institute for Research in Africa (IFRA), Nairobi, Kenya In the islands of Zanzibar (Unguja and Pemba), the memories of violence and repression perpetrated by revolutionaries and the state from 1964 to 1975 have long been banished from the public space. The official narrative of the 1964 Revolution and the first phase of the post-revolutionary periodi developed and propagated by the Revolutionary Government of Zanzibar, through a control over the production, transmission, and circulation of ideas, combined with repressive measures against dissenting voices, led people to keep their memories private. The official injunction calling for silence did not bringabout a forgetting of the past, but rather contributed to the clandestine transmission and reconstruction of fragments of individual, familial, and community memories within private circles.
    [Show full text]
  • Strengthening Community Resilience in Tanzania APRIL 6, 2017
    BASELINE EVALUATION OF: Katika Usalama Tunategemeana and Pamoja! Strengthening Community Resilience in Tanzania APRIL 6, 2017 Team Leader: Lead Researcher: Anthony Sarota 1 Table of Contents Acronyms ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................ 6 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 9 1.1 Overview of the projects .................................................................................................................. 9 1.2 Objectives of the baseline evaluation report .................................................................................. 10 1.3 Scope of the Baseline Report ......................................................................................................... 10 1.4 Methodology and Limitations ........................................................................................................ 11 1.4.1 Survey Methodology ............................................................................................................... 11 1.4.2 Data protection and Quality
    [Show full text]
  • Panthera Pardus) Range Countries
    Profiles for Leopard (Panthera pardus) Range Countries Supplemental Document 1 to Jacobson et al. 2016 Profiles for Leopard Range Countries TABLE OF CONTENTS African Leopard (Panthera pardus pardus)...................................................... 4 North Africa .................................................................................................. 5 West Africa ................................................................................................... 6 Central Africa ............................................................................................. 15 East Africa .................................................................................................. 20 Southern Africa ........................................................................................... 26 Arabian Leopard (P. p. nimr) ......................................................................... 36 Persian Leopard (P. p. saxicolor) ................................................................... 42 Indian Leopard (P. p. fusca) ........................................................................... 53 Sri Lankan Leopard (P. p. kotiya) ................................................................... 58 Indochinese Leopard (P. p. delacouri) .......................................................... 60 North Chinese Leopard (P. p. japonensis) ..................................................... 65 Amur Leopard (P. p. orientalis) ..................................................................... 67 Javan Leopard
    [Show full text]
  • Python Challenge #1 in Python, We Can Use Lists To
    Python Challenge #1 In Python, we can use lists to store related items together in a single place. Two examples are: tanzanian_election_years = [1995, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015] tanzanian_presidents = [“John Magu uli!, “Ja"aya #i"$ete!, “%en&a'in M"apa!, ( “)li *assan M$inyi!, “Julius +yerere!] 1. On a computer or tablet, write a Python program that prints out each year that Tanzania has had a general election. In Python, you can loop over the items of a list like this: or ite' in list, - do so'ething $ith ite' 2. Using your answer for #1, change it slightly so that it only prints out the years in which Tanzania has had a general election after the year 1999. 3. Sometimes we want to work with two lists at the same time. Say we are given the following list of Tanzanian vice presidents: tanzanian_.ice_presidents = [“/a'ia /uluhu!, “Moha'ed 0hari1 %ilal!, ( “2'ar )li Ju'a!, “3leopa Msuya!, “)1oud Ju'1e!] and we want to match each vice president with the president he or she served with. We can use Python’s zip() function to do this. To illustrate how zip() works, type the following into your Python interpreter (note: don’t type the “>>>”, that is printed by the Python interpreter itself): 444 ruits = [“apple!, “grape!, “1lue1erry!] 444 colors = [“green!, “purple!, “1lue!] 444 zip5 ruits, colors6 [57apple8, 7green86, 57grape8, purple86, 571lue1erry8, 71lue86] Notice how Python matched each of the fruits in our first list with its corresponding color in the second list. The zip() function itself returns a list, which we can use in our own for loops.
    [Show full text]
  • The Angolan Revolution, Vol.2, Exile Politics and Guerrilla Warfare (1962-1976)
    The Angolan revolution, Vol.2, Exile Politics and Guerrilla Warfare (1962-1976) http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.crp2b20034 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org The Angolan revolution, Vol.2, Exile Politics and Guerrilla Warfare (1962-1976) Author/Creator Marcum, John Publisher Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press (Cambridge) Date 1978 Resource type Books Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Angola, Portugal, Congo, Zambia, Congo, the Democratic Republic of the, North Africa (region), Cuba, South Africa, United States, U.S.S.R. Coverage (temporal) 1962 - 1976 Source Northwestern University Libraries, Melville J. Herskovits Library of African Studies, 967.3 M322a, v.
    [Show full text]
  • January 2011
    JANUARY 2011 1.1 Independence Day – from France (1804) Haiti Independence Day – from Egypt & Britain (1956) Sudan Independence Day – split from the Czech Republic Slovakia (1993) Liberation Day – end of Spanish rule (1899) & Cuba overthrow of dictator Fulgencio Batista Y Zaldivar Founding Day – founding of Republic of China (1912) Taiwan Temple Day Buddism Basanta Panchami – a festival to worship the Nepal Goddess of Knowledge 1.2 Victory of Armed Forces – Soviet Red Army’s victory Cuba over fascism in 1945 Ancestor's Day & Breaking the Cakes (case Haiti* gateaux) St. Berchtold's Day – honors the founder of Bern Switzerland Takai Commission Holiday Niue Kirmeline - celebrates the symbolic return of the Lithuania snake deities from the forests to the villages 1.3 Anniversary of the 1966 coup d'état – mass Burkina Faso demonstrations and strikes by students, labor unions, and civil servants the military intervened until the usurpers established their legitimacy and the government surrendered 1.4 Martyrs of Independence Day – from Belgium in Zaire 1959 Korean New Year South Korea Day of Martyrs of the Colonial Repression – 1975 Angola liberation from Portuguese colonial occupation Independence Day – marks the real beginning of Myanmar/Burma mass protests in 1948 against British control St. Sarkis’s Day - honors the saint who fought Armenia against the Georgians. St. Sarkis gradually came to symbolize love and romance 1.5 Birth of Guru Gobind Singh – birth of the 10th Guru Sikh 1.6 Army Day – commemorates its founding in 1921 and Iraq celebrates
    [Show full text]
  • Background of Community-Based Conservation
    Beyond Community: "Global" Conservation Networks and "Local" Organization in Tanzania and Zanzibar Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Dean, Erin Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 30/09/2021 01:23:33 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195624 BEYOND COMMUNITY: “GLOBAL” CONSERVATION NETWORKS AND “LOCAL” ORGANIZATION IN TANZANIA AND ZANZIBAR by Erin Dean _____________________ A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 2007 2 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by ERIN DEAN entitled BEYOND COMMUNITY: "GLOBAL" CONSERVATION NETWORKS AND "LOCAL" ORGANIZATION IN TANZANIA AND ZANZIBAR and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________________________________________ Date: August 14, 2007 Diane Austin _______________________________________________________________________ Date: August 14, 2007 Mamadou Baro _______________________________________________________________________
    [Show full text]
  • African Studies Abstracts Online: Number 4, 2003 Boin, M.; Eijkman, E.M.; Oberst, U.; Polman, K.; Sommeling, C.M.; Doorn, M.C.A
    African Studies Abstracts Online: number 4, 2003 Boin, M.; Eijkman, E.M.; Oberst, U.; Polman, K.; Sommeling, C.M.; Doorn, M.C.A. van Citation Boin, M., Eijkman, E. M., Oberst, U., Polman, K., Sommeling, C. M., & Doorn, M. C. A. van. (2003). African Studies Abstracts Online: number 4, 2003. Leiden: African Studies Centre. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/474 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) License: Leiden University Non-exclusive license Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/474 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). AFRICAN STUDIES ABSTRACTS ONLINE ISSN 1570-937X African Studies Abstracts Online is published four times a year on the journal´s website http://asc.leidenuniv.nl/library/abstracts/asa-online/ where it can be consulted free of charge. Editorial correspondence to: Afrika-Studiecentrum PO Box 9555 2300 RB Leiden Tel.: +31-(0)71-527 3354 E-mail: [email protected] Library address for visitors: Wassenaarseweg 52, Leiden, The Netherlands © 2003 Stichting Afrika-Studiecentrum AFRICAN STUDIES ABSTRACTS ONLINE Number 4, 2003 Contents Editorial policy................................................................................................... iii Geographical index........................................................................................... 1 Subject index .................................................................................................... 4 Author index.....................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Togo and Mali 1959-1961
    John Gunther Dean’s introductory comments to the 5 files on Togo and Mali and complete inventory of the individual folders [7 pages] donated to the National Archives of the USA [The Jimmy Carter Library in Atlanta, Georgia]. [1959 – 1961]. 1 Inventory and comments on J.G.Dean’s files on Opening U.S. diplomatic missions in West Africa after independence Togo and Mali 1959 – 1961 Introduction to the files entitled “Opening U.S. diplomatic missions in West Africa after independence: 1959 – 1961” In the year 1960 independence came to many parts of West Africa. It was an exciting time as colonies and trust territories received their independence. Perhaps Washington’s primary concern was that the newly independent countries would not turn to the Soviet Union or Communist China as models for development. Sekou Touré of Guinea had opted for that path. As a young Foreign Service Officer, John Gunther Dean participated in establishing an American presence in two countries acceding to independence: Togo and Mali. In order to fully understand what happened and who did what to whom, it is useful to read first J.G.D.’s Oral History on his experiences in West Africa. [Item 1 of this chapter] In Togo, J.G.D. not only opened the post, but was also asked to pinch hit as Diplomatic Advisor for the new President of Togo, Sylvanus Olympio. In Mali, J.G.D. was the first foreign representative and was helpful to Mali’s march toward modernization and democracy. More than 40 years later U.S. - Malian relations are still excellent.
    [Show full text]
  • Politics, Decolonisation, and the Cold War in Dar Es Salaam C
    A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD at the University of Warwick Permanent WRAP URL: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/87426 Copyright and reuse: This thesis is made available online and is protected by original copyright. Please scroll down to view the document itself. Please refer to the repository record for this item for information to help you to cite it. Our policy information is available from the repository home page. For more information, please contact the WRAP Team at: [email protected] warwick.ac.uk/lib-publications Politics, decolonisation, and the Cold War in Dar es Salaam c. 1965-72 by George Roberts A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History University of Warwick, Department of History, September 2016 Politics, decolonisation, and the Cold War in Dar es Salaam, c. 1965-72 Acknowledgements 4 Summary 5 Abbreviations and acronyms 6 Maps 8 Introduction 10 Rethinking the Cold War and decolonisation 12 The ‘Cold War city’ 16 Tanzanian history and the shadow of Julius Nyerere 20 A note on the sources 24 1 – From uhuru to Arusha: Tanzania and the world, 1961-67 34 Nyerere’s foreign policy 34 The Zanzibar Revolution 36 The Dar es Salaam mutiny 38 The creation of Tanzania 40 The foreign policy crises of 1964-65 43 The turn to Beijing 47 Revisiting the Arusha Declaration 50 The June 1967 government reshuffle 54 Oscar Kambona’s flight into exile 56 Conclusion 58 2 – Karibu Dar es Salaam: the political geography of a Cold War city 60 Dar es Salaam 61 Spaces 62 News 67 Propaganda
    [Show full text]