LÄNDERBERICHT Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung E.V

LÄNDERBERICHT Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V.

TANZANIA RICHARD SHABA THE STATE OF POLITICS IN TANZANIA - PROJECT MANAGER IN THIRD QUARTER REPORT 2010 DAR ES SALAAM/ TANSANIA

October 2010 I. INTRODUCTION their favour; the results www.kas.de/kenia could be ‘arranged’ well TANZANIA political in advance. The new landscape changed system saw CCM mem- dramatically in the bers at the grass- third quarter of 2010 roots/branch level casting due mainly to three the preferential votes. factors: Their numbers made it difficult for the contest- ¾ CCM allowed a ants to even attempt to broader participa- ‘manipulate’ them. tion of its grassroots members to The entry of Dr. Wilbrod vote during the pre- Slaa into the presidential liminaries race caught the ruling Chama cha Mapinduzi (CCM) and its govern- ¾ The entry of Dr. ment machinery; other Wilbrod Slaa, Sec- opposition political par- retary General of ties and even voters the opposition alike; by surprise. His en- CHADEMA party in try also triggered a new the presidential wave of political excite- ment in a country where race since the conception of

citizens by the colonial and later the one-party ¾ A more visible and regimes as essentially active Prevention passive subjects and and Combating of source of labour, revenue Corruption Bureau and other resources led (PCCB) during the to their disempowerment preliminaries and the nurturing of a subject, quiescent or submissive political cul- In the past a handful of ture. CCM leaders at the grassroots/branch level were Likewise, in a country voting during the pre- characterized by political liminaries. In most cases exclusion and relatively the potential winner was high intolerance of op- predictable well in ad- posing views and opin- vance. It was easy for ions, especially in rural the contestants to ‘ma- areas, and in a situation nipulate’ the voters in where the Kiswahili term

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. for “opposition” (wapin- tion campaigns. zani)” is equated to trea- CHADEMA which since its TANZANIA son, the entry of Dr. Slaa formation in 1995 was RICHARD SHABA has widened the political labelled as tribal PRIOJECT MANAGER IN space to a higher level. (Chagga) based party, DAR ES SALAAM/ TANSANIA Pro-democracy groups with the rise of Dr. Slaa are now looking forward was now renamed a Ro- October 2010 to a bright political future man Catholic sponsored given that nearly half of political party. CUF on www.kas.de/kenia voters this time around the other hand, continues are young people born to be labeled “Islamic when the wave against fundamentalists” led single party authoritarian party. regimes was sweeping across Africa. In addition to such character assassination, the Most of the candidates state party devised other were made aware that methods including all- PCCB shall not hesitate to the-well-known financial take legal and other ac- means of weakening and tion against any contest- dividing opponents and ant who was proved to their organizations: brib- have contravened the ery, the maintenance of Election Expenses Act intra-opposition rivalries, and related legislation. restrictions on opposition parties ‘funding’, political violence and disinforma- tion campaigns. II. THE DAYS OF LONG POLITICAL KNIVES The dissolution of Parlia- ment to pave way for the The reaction of the ruling October general elections party to the entry of Dr. and the entry of Dr. Slaa Slaa in the presidential in the presidential race race has proved one witnessed massive thing, absence of political movement of both sitting civility. The low level of MPs and prospective civility in the political challengers from both the campaign has manifested ruling and opposition po- itself in the violent lan- litical parties rushing to guage unleashed by rural villages to canvass party hawks in the ruling for support. party against the opposition and more specifically In a country where most Dr. Slaa. MPs only visit their constituents in times of elec- The entire leadership of tions, the rush was basi- CCM took upon itself to cally triggered by political character assassination, panic given the high mudsling, name calling stakes involved in losing and outright defamation. or winning political elec- Religion, racial, ethnic tions. and even sex orientation took its toll in the elec-

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. With research findings by things the purchase of REDET (Research and ships to ply the Victoria TANZANIA Education for Democracy and Tanganyika Lakes re- RICHARD SHABA in Tanzania), a political spectively; construct PRIOJECT MANAGER IN think-tank at the Univer- houses for teachers. DAR ES SALAAM/ TANSANIA sity of Dar es Salaam Given similar promises (UDSM) predicting the made in the past, people October 2010 fall of up to 143 MPs in tend to be skeptical. The the 232 constituencies, above not-with-standing www.kas.de/kenia ripples of fear among in- CCM is busy trying to cumbent MPs were trig- prove that most of the gered. promises made under the ‘2005 Manifesto’ have Voters according to RE- been respected – barring DET study, accuse sitting a few. MPs of incompetence, ab- senteeism, corruption, Dr. Slaa’s agenda has set self serving interests, to overhaul the outdated negligence, arrogance, Constitution within the complacence and unre- first 100 days in office sponsiveness to voters’ saying topping the concerns in the constitu- agenda will be to trim the encies. excessive presidential powers and cut down the Indeed as predicted by cabinet size. His argu- REDET several political ment is that; the exces- heavy weights, including sive centralized presiden- seasoned politicians like tial powers were inimical John Malecela, Joseph to principles of democ- Mungai, Bakari Mwa- racy, good governance pachu, Jackson Mak- and separation of pow- wetta, William Shel- ers. He would like to see lukindo, Joel Bendera and clear cut checks-and- many others were booted balances between the out in preferential voting Executive and Parliamen- within the ruling party. tary powers. What this means, is that, MPs will The fall of several candi- cease to be Ministers in dates during the prefer- order to play effectively ential voting within re- their watchdog role. spective parties trigged movement of potential contestants from CCM to the opposition parties III. MEDIA BECOMES and from opposition par- WEAPON OF DE- ties to CCM. All taking STRUCTION OF ‘PO- place in the hope to LITICAL ENEMIES’ clinch the coveted nomi- nation. The proposition that those who invest in the With regard to campaign media industry do so to agenda, CCM is sticking promote their selfish in- to their ‘2010 Manifesto’ terests and not necessar- promising among other ily to expand democracy

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. came to its fruition dur- eras could not show the ing this quarter with the footage but also the fol- TANZANIA conversion of media out- lowing day there was RICHARD SHABA lets into weapons of de- blackout in both public PRIOJECT MANAGER IN struction of “political media (Daily News and DAR ES SALAAM/ TANSANIA enemies”; Dr. Slaa and Habari Leo) and those of his party being the main IPP media (ITV, Radio October 2010 target. One, The Guardian and Nipashe). www.kas.de/kenia Much as Tanzania enjoys a plethora of media out- Instead of discussing the lets never experienced health status of the before, some of the President (Kikwete has newly created media, collapsed three times in which greatly helped set public since 2005), the the democratic transition media turned their atten- in motion, have become tion to trivial issues of no excessively partisan and public interest. polemical. Articles and editorials too often exude And to show their true anger and other violent colors, when CHADEMA passions, which neither inaugurated her election help clarify public debate campaign at the same nor inform citizens revenue on 28 August 2010 garding key election is- TBC temporarily discon- sues of national interest. nected the live broadcast allegedly because the And as if that is not speakers were using enough, during campaign “abusive” language. The trail period a number of broadcast was only re- media outlets including stored when it became editors and individual apparently clear journalists fell trap to the CHADEMA supporters power game and became were not going to lie low hostages to the ruling like envelopes. party and its candidates. On 04 September 2010 With price tags dangling Mwananchi reported that in front of their noses, a copies of Changamoto (a number of media outlets weekly tabloid) were be- were turned into “political ing distributed free of daggers” all out to charge in Arusha and slaughter opponents - Dr. Mwanza regions appar- Slaa and CHADEMA their ently with a story scan- main victims. dalizing Dr. Slaa. It is rumored that Changa- When President Kikwete moto is owned by one of collapsed in front of TV state intelligence agents, cameras during the inau- meaning, state institu- gural of CCM’s election tions were being used il- campaigns on 21 August legally in favor of CCM 2010 at Jangwani and its candidates. grounds in Dar es Sa- laam, not only TV cam-

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Elsewhere individual in Eastern Europe after journalists have taken up the fall of communist re- TANZANIA leadership posts in the gimes has found its way RICHARD SHABA competing political par- into the East African PRIOJECT MANAGER IN ties as publicity officers, country of estimated DAR ES SALAAM/ TANSANIA campaign media strate- 45m, out of whom almost gists and in some cases 13m are illiterate. October 2010 have contested elective posts as youth leaders, Thus the rush for parlia- www.kas.de/kenia women league activists mentary seats must be or simply practise paid up seen from that angle. journalism (sunshine Politics in Tanzania is lu- journalism) thus holding crative business with political candidates at economic saboteurs, ransom through conflict- white collar criminals and ing interests. political con-men/women leading the rush. Fears For the first time, Tanza- are that the state has al- nia has also witnessed ready been captured by a the emergency of merce- gang of criminals mas- nary journalism, in which querading as politicians. journalists write anything for pay, in particular, Perhaps that is why even they are paid to ‘murder though political corrup- or maim political ene- tion has long been recog- mies’ for political expedi- nized as the mother of ency. corruptions in the country nobody was pursuing the malaise from that angle. Even the Election Ex- IV. POLITICAL MER- penses Act, is there CHANTS merely to hoodwink the development partners The rush for political po- that the government was sitions is fueled by the serious about corruption huge salaries and other when in reality the oppo- benefits befitting MPs in site is the case. Tanzania, which is envied even by politicians in ad- There is a lot of cheating vanced donor countries. with fake academic cer- tificates, age and false The lifestyle of politicians property records. The in Tanzania is so envious Leadership Code and re- that even medical doc- lated Legislation does not tors, lawyers, bank ex- yet allow the information ecutives cannot fail to to be in the public do- notice. People join poli- main with easy access tics not because they and verification option. want to serve the citizens Politicians are also run- but simply to become ning briefcase companies rich. and NGOs through, which millions of development The culture of primitive partners’ money geared accumulation witnessed to support HIV+AIDS as-

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. sociated problems is di- the collapse of founding verted into private bank Father Mwalimu Nyer- TANZANIA accounts, investments ere’s single party socialist RICHARD SHABA and to fund election ex- ideology characterized by PRIOJECT MANAGER IN penses. This permits massive state control of DAR ES SALAAM/ TANSANIA them at times to circum- political and economic vent the Leadership spheres. October 2010 Code. During the single party www.kas.de/kenia Perhaps this partly ex- system people wielding plains why despite being economic power were one of African’s biggest isolated from political per capita aid recipient, processes and office. The there is very little to business community was show on the ground. prohibited from being Poverty is everywhere nominated to contest with an estimated 13 parliamentary seats. This mio. people living on less was done through regula- than USD 1 per day. tions which required nominees to be either A country ranked by farmers or workers. At UNDP in the same devel- times, it was also re- opment category with quired that whenever South Korea, Pakistan, possible the nominated Viet Nam and Taiwan farmers must live in or be during the attainment of member of Ujamaa vil- juridical independence in lage. 1961, 50 years later is ranked 159 out of 175 on It should be noted that the Human Development election expenses during Index (HDI). the single party rule were covered by the govern- Efforts to improve basic ment. Election regula- needs income poverty tions did not allow indi- have been disappointing, vidual candidates to mo- access to social services bilize and use resources is equally appalling with 3 available to them for the out of 100 newborn ba- purposes of bettering bies dying before they their chances of getting are a month old while elected. 8,100 women die every year in labour or because However, with the dawn of complications related of liberalism and the to pregnancy, according emergence of an extreme to UNICEF. rich class of people mostly from looting pub- Overall, there is serious lic money during the pri- dissatisfaction with gov- vatization of state enter- ernment performance in prises things have most areas. changed. The economic powerful class is now The entry of political translating its economic merchants in the political power into political arena has resulted from power.

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. One approach has been rise, the incumbent to finance selected candi- party, has once again TANZANIA dates into political office. proved its mastery in ac- RICHARD SHABA The other is direct con- robatic politics. The say- PRIOJECT MANAGER IN testation of parliamen- ing is, you move with the DAR ES SALAAM/ TANSANIA tary seats. current or sink. It quietly increased workers sala- October 2010 The reaction from the rul- ries even though it had ing Chama cha Mapinduzi vowed never to bow to www.kas.de/kenia has been even more in- workers pressure. teresting. It has rehabili- tated and transformed It also directed the gov- the very people it used to ernment to dish out what castigate as economic is known as Constituency saboteurs just a decade Funds. The move of dish- ago, into party sponsors. ing out the money is not Most of the lucrative gov- to support individual con- ernment busi- stituents but rather to nesses/tenders are their give incumbent MPs an preserve. Very likely edge over upcoming chal- there is a win-win situa- lengers in financial terms. tion for all concerned. The Bill to establish the Constituency Fund (CF) was passed overwhelm- V. MASTER OF ACROBA- ingly in Parliament de- TIC POLITICS spite strong opposition from members of the civil The failure of the Kikwete society, media, academia regime to manage the and even donors. The economy with experts civil society opposed the warning the country was Bill very vocally citing the even more off-track to fact that MPs are part of achieving the income- the Local Government poverty-reduction envis- Authority Control Machin- aged in the MDGs and ery. However, according the fact the absolute to the Controller and number of poor people Auditor General (CAG) has increased by 1.3m in many Local Government the past four years of his Authorities (LGAs) have regime, has sent ripples failed to account for the of political fear to the rul- funds they used. This in- ing party. dicates there is some weakness on the part of Sensing its waning popu- Councilors and MPs in ful- larity among the popu- filling their control func- lace, and the danger its tion. Furthermore, the MPs were facing ahead of civil society argued that the forthcoming general the MPs have a control elections; and with Trade and not execution func- Unions Congress of Tan- tion. zania (TUCTA) announc- ing a nationwide strike of its members over pay

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Should they now manage ment. “The issue of inde- the CF they shall have in- pendent candidates has TANZANIA terfered with the Execu- to be settled by Parlia- RICHARD SHABA tive while compromising ment because it is a po- PRIOJECT MANAGER IN their control function. litical matter and not a DAR ES SALAAM/ TANSANIA Thus, the civil society ex- legal one. Each party pressed concern that if should bear its own October 2010 the CF would be man- cross”, Chief Justice (CJ) aged in the manner Augustino Ramadhani www.kas.de/kenia afore-said it would be who chaired a seven- very difficult to monitor appeal-court-judges- who the end user shall panel declared in the rul- be; given the role rever- ing. sal of MPs. Essentially the CF is geared to spur de- The position taken by the velopment projects in the highest court in the coun- constituents under the di- try has sent ripples of rect supervision of re- fear, with political scien- spective MPs. tists saying the ruling itself was political and has To many observers, the compromised the author- CF is a political weapon ity and independence of for the incumbent MPs the Judiciary and that it from which to entice vot- will now be out maneu- ers through corruption vered by both the Execu- and elicit ground support tive and Parliament. from poor people many of whom cannot afford On 05 May 2006 the High even their basic daily Court ruled in favour of needs. The money is in private candidates in addition a bonus each MP both presidential and is entitled at the end of parliamentary posts and five-year term in office. directed the Government to put in place legislative Perhaps the biggest po- mechanism that would al- litical development during low private candidates in this quarter was the deci- elections alongside those sion by the Court of Ap- representing political par- peal to suspend the deci- ties. sion by the High Court to allow private candidates The Government through in all political elective the Attorney General posts. [AG], however, appealed to the highest court on In what has been de- the land, which has now scribed by many political come up with what many observers as compromise believe is a political ruling of its constitutional pow- with the Judiciary digging ers, on 17 June 2010 the its own grave. Court of Appeal declared that it had no constitutional powers to enforce private candidates pass- ing the buck to Parlia-

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. VI. OPPOSITION OUT more importantly lack of OF POLITICAL CA- visionary leadership. TANZANIA COONS RICHARD SHABA Apart from CHADEMA, PRIOJECT MANAGER IN The entry of Dr. Slaa has TLP, NCCR-Mageuzi and DAR ES SALAAM/ TANSANIA also boosted the image of of course, CCM most of the weakling opposition the political parties are October 2010 political parties some of still under the leadership which have come out of of their founding chair- www.kas.de/kenia their political cocoons for persons. Similarly, al- the first time since 2005 most all of them operate to exploit the unfolding like replicas of the in- political space by voicing cumbent party with cen- their concern on a num- tralized structure and a ber of issues especially very domineering posi- on reeking corruption and tion of the chairperson mismanagement of public without checks and bal- resources. ances and effective grassroots in rural areas They are exploiting the where majority of voters new space to expose reside. weaknesses in the ruling party and its government Like the ruling Chama through numerous scan- cha Mapinduzi, the weak- dals and poor service de- ling opposition parties are livery that had fueled also structured in top- public reservations across down posture without a board. strong enough base at the grassroots. Led by Dr. Slaa, the opposition camp revived the Lack of internal democ- call for a new constitution racy is another glaring saying it was the basic problem with a number cause of grinding poverty of these political parties and growing inequality. managed like private cor- porations by their foun- The smooth transition of ders. Perhaps this ex- leadership in CHADEMA is plains why many of them also a lesson to other op- have failed to expand and position political parties attract new membership whose leadership is still with fresh ideas and in the hands of their leadership even though founders. Much as most nearly 50 per cent of of the opposition political those who will be voting parties in Tanzania are this year were born in the now 18 years old, how- 1980s. This apart there is ever, they remain heavy infiltration by state stunted and groping in security agents, who are the dark mostly because sponsored by the ruling of a combination of fac- party so that it retains tors - lack of material power at any cost - the and financial resources to Machiavellian way. function properly and

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. And with the current cause of limited staff and socio-economic and po- the very sophisticated TANZANIA litical environment re- methods used by the cul- RICHARD SHABA maining unchanged, it is prits so much so that it PRIOJECT MANAGER IN very unlikely for the op- was overwhelmed. Even DAR ES SALAAM/ TANSANIA position to wrestle power those who were arrested from CCM. Notwithstand- represent a tea spoon of October 2010 ing the scandals that sugar poured into the have rocked its founda- sea. The other obvious www.kas.de/kenia tion, the ruling party still reason is lack of political enjoys a monthly gov- will on the part of the rul- ernment subsidy of about ing party and its govern- Tshs 2.9bn for its activi- ment. A government un- ties while its nearest der merchant politicians earner CUF earns about that feasts and whose Tshs 260m. CHADEMA, survival is hinged on cor- which comes third, earns ruption cannot be ex- about Tshs 60m. All the pected to fight corrup- rest earn less than Tshs tion. 5m. Such income gap does not augur well for competitive politics. VII. NEW SITUATION During the campaign trail FOR CCM it emerged that the Elec- tion Expenses Act was After being in power for flouted right, left and 49 years, CCM appears to centre and despite the be exhausted and to loud talk by the Registrar have run out of ideas, yet of Political Parties and the the power of the purse, presence of PCCB, both use of state machinery proved toothless as too and resources to sabo- much money was ex- tage the opposition; and changed under their the high degree of docil- noses undetected. While ity among the population the Act provides guide- have combined to create lines on how election a conducive political envi- money should be raised ronment for its survival. and expended, its imple- mentation came into The positive thing about force when millions of this development is that money had already all indicators show that changed hands through there will be more MPs on M-Pesa via mobile the opposition camp than phones. ever before. Equally im- portant, the entry of Dr. Similarly, while an at- Slaa has raised public tempt was made by PCCB awareness to an all time to detect and arrest cor- high in the recent history. ruption acts during the The CCM government is preferential voting within facing an uphill task to political parties, it failed provide answers to the miserably during the electorate. campaigning; mostly be-

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. CCM is not used to direct swer and threw out the challenges both from complaint from TANZANIA within and without. But CHADEMA. The CCM case RICHARD SHABA with the political space was also thrown out on PRIOJECT MANAGER IN growing it has to contain the grounds that it was DAR ES SALAAM/ TANSANIA with a lot of ‘unexpected’ time barred. developments. It came as October 2010 a ‘rude shock’ to CCM The state media is pro- when the Director of the gressively allowing free www.kas.de/kenia National Electoral Com- space to all political par- mission (NEC) concurred ties. The state TV is host- with the opposition that ing ‘political open discus- some of the billboards sions’ in most regions. displayed by CCM during The events are broad- the current campaigns casted live. None-the-less were misleading and un- CCM has given a blanket fair to the opposition. The NO to all its candidates said billboards were the and has prohibited them ones showing the CCM to participate in such live presidential candidate Ja- events. kaya Kikwete in his role as the President of the The opposition parties United Republic of Tan- questioned the logic of zania carrying out a func- the government to use tion (opening a facility, national resources to receiving dignitaries, ferry the First Lady, etc). The argument was – Mama Salma Kikwete, on in that capacity he was her campaign trips on the President of all and behalf of the CCM presi- not the leader of CCM. dential candidate. In a The Director ordered the hastily convened press billboards to be removed; conference CCM produced and CCM obliged! all the receipts purporting CCM was meeting the When CHADEMA lodged a costs for her travels and complaint with the Regis- not the government. The trar of political parties in- press went ahead and dicating that CCM had queried the presence of violated a section of the government officials us- Election Expenses Act ing public transport ac- and wanted the CCM companying the First presidential candidate Lady – CCM was at pains disqualified, some eye- to admit that it neither brows were raised. It did asked them to accom- not take long for CCM to pany the First Lady nor lodge a counter com- use public transport. CCM plaint against CHADEMA. said the relevant authori- But CHADEMA was quick ties were at liberty to to indicate that above all take the ‘offending’ offi- the complaint was al- cials to task. ready time barred In Tanzania the issues of The Registrar ruled that citizenship are handled CCM had no case to an- and determined by the

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. Ministry of Home Affairs. VIII. STATE OF THE ECO- It becomes politically NOMY TANZANIA problematic when the RICHARD SHABA Minister for Home Affairs According to government PRIOJECT MANAGER IN (CCM) who is defending statistics, Tanzania’s DAR ES SALAAM/ TANSANIA his constituency; lodges economy expanded by 6 a complaint with the NEC per cent in 2009, beating October 2010 purporting that the con- a forecast of 5.0 - 5.5 per testant from the opposi- cent growth and should www.kas.de/kenia tion CHADEMA is not a grow by 7 per cent this citizen of Tanzania and year. In the same vein thus should be disquali- inflation is expected to fied from contesting. The slow down to 8 per cent. situation becomes politically complex when the Improved economic NEC objects to the claims management and pro- by the Minister and al- gress with reforms im- lows the CHADEMA can- proved the resilience of didate to challenge the the country’s economy Minister. It almost towards the end of ex- smacks of abuse of office President Ben Mkapa. on the side of the Minis- GDP stood at 6.8 per cent ter for Home Affairs. in 2005.

It is politically correct for However, such growth civil servants aspiring for has not succeeded in political office to re- generating adequate em- sign/retire from their cur- ployment, and much of rent positions or take un- the workforce is either paid leave. But the same unemployed or underem- does not apply to political ployed. Likewise im- leaders such as Ministers, provement in the econ- Regional Commissioners, omy has not succeeded and District Commission- in reducing dependency ers. There is a lot of mur- on foreign aid. The coun- muring within the ranks try continues to rely on indicating that the civil foreign aid for almost 40 servants are getting a per cent of her develop- raw deal. The same ment budget. During the would not have been the 2009/10 fiscal year for- case if the separation of eign assistance made up powers was strictly ad- 33 per cent of the hered to – Ministers, Re- budget. gional Commissioners and District would not be Interestingly, much as MPs. It is only a question Tanzania is among Af- of time before the issue rica’s biggest per capita of Ministers being ap- aid recipient, the abso- pointed from outside the lute number of poor peo- Parliament is elevated to ple is increasing mostly a debatable agenda. due to mismanagement, lavish and wasteful ex- penditure by the current regime. Examples are

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. many. Wasteful expendi- living below the poverty ture is one reason why line has decreased TANZANIA the development partners slightly, the absolute RICHARD SHABA decided to cut down their number of poor has in- PRIOJECT MANAGER IN General Budget Support creased by 1.3m in the DAR ES SALAAM/ TANSANIA (GBS) contributions to past five years. the tune of USD 534m in October 2010 the 2010/11 budget. Experts are in agreement that without a change of www.kas.de/kenia The other obvious reason policy direction and in- is the failure of the Gov- creased pace, MKUKUTA ernment to deliver many (poverty reduction strat- of the promises and de- egy) objectives and velopment partners’ con- MDGs will be at risk. cern over slow pace in government reforms. The Another area of cause for latest development worry is the widening in- means the country will come gap between the find it very hard to get country’s richest 20% the money elsewhere who are holding 41 per- unless it resorts to com- cent of the national mercial borrowing from wealth and the poorest the local banks. The 20 percent owning only move however, is suicidal 20 percent of national given that commercial wealth. loans are tough and al- ways come out with high Much as government interest rates and short economic indicators show repayment periods, which that income per capita is make their payment bur- now Tshs 682,737, there densome to citizens. is every reason to dis- miss that. In a country Other measures taken to where the price of sugar cope with the donor's de- has soared from Tshs cision include cutting 550 per kilogram in down the health budget 2005, to Tshs 1,800 to by 30 per cent. Sadly date, surely there is enough, the health sector something wrong. The is already poorly funded reality on the ground is for the obvious reason such that minimum wage that all big shots in the earners have ceased corridors of power are drinking tea in their treated abroad at the homes. taxpayer’s expenses.

With regard to income poverty, there has been little progress with a small decline in poverty incidence, but Tanzania is in fact off-track to achieving the income poverty MDGs. Much as the percentage of people

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. IX. ZANZIBARIS OPT Ali Bakari of Jahazi Asilia FOR GOVERNMENT and Haji Khamis Haji of TANZANIA OF NATIONAL National Reconstruction RICHARD SHABA UNITY Alliance (NRA). One can- PRIOJECT MANAGER IN didate, Haji Musa Kitole DAR ES SALAAM/ TANSANIA The most notable political from Sauti ya Umma development in Zanzibar (SAU) was however, dis- October 2010 in the third quarter was qualified by the Zanzibar the 10th amendment to Electoral Commission www.kas.de/kenia the 1984 Constitution (ZEC). that paved the way for formation of Government The huge number of of National Unity (GNU) presidential candidates is thus ending the political a reflection of the antici- divide that cut the coun- pated positions in the try right at the middle government given the into two halves since the constitutional amend- bloody revolution of ment that gives room for 1964. a government of national unity. Members of House of Representatives also Dr. Shein’s candidature, went further to declare however, is a big test to Zanzibar a state with all the nerve of CCM die- trapping of sovereign hards who are believed to state, a move seen by have sworn they will constitutional experts as never allow a Pemba- geared to wreck the Un- born citizen ascending to ion. the saddle of power in Zanzibar in the next 100 Both the ruling Chama years. The referendum cha Mapinduzi and the results indicated more opposition Civic United Yes votes from Pemba Front (CUF) fielded and more No votes from Pemba-born presidential Unguja. A reflection of candidates in the name of the old political lines. Seif Sharrif Hamad, the powerful CUF Secretary It will be remembered General to represent CUF that since the bloody and Dr. Ali Mohammed revolution of 1964 all the Shein, the current Vice six Presidents - Abeid Ka- President in the Union rume, Aboud Jumbe, Ali Government on CCM Hassan Mwinyi, Abdul ticket. Wakil, Salmin Amour and now Amani Karume hail Five other political parties from Unguja. have fielded candidates. These are Juma Ali In fact, even the rebellion Khatibu of Tanzania De- of Pemba people ema- mocratic Alliance (TA- nated from the discrimi- DEA), Haji Ambar Khamis natory tendencies both in of NCCR-Mageuzi, Said political and economic Soud Said of Chama cha spheres. Even though 70 Wakulima (AFP), Kassim per cent of cloves, the

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. mainstay of isles econ- Kikwete to succeed omy come from Pemba Mkapa. TANZANIA most of the proceedings RICHARD SHABA have been invested in Interestingly, however, PRIOJECT MANAGER IN Unguja. political observers say his DAR ES SALAAM/ TANSANIA option to enter the Zan- Such discriminatory ten- zibar presidential race October 2010 dencies fueled the rebel- when he could stand a lion with Pemba people better chance to succeed www.kas.de/kenia rallying behind CUF to President Kikwete in the the extent that Zanzibar Union Presidential race in is a divided country right 2015, is a calculated at the middle into two strategy by ‘visionary’ halves. but ambitious Mainland- ers. The argument is that The latest development, as Vice President for 15 however, is a product of years, Dr. Shein would political accord signed in have gained enough ex- the second quarter be- perience that there will tween CCM and CUF. The be no need to push him accord allowing for a out. By shunting him to government of national Zanzibar, it paves way unity was followed by a for those Mainlanders referendum, which ap- gunning for the post to proved its implementa- start positioning them- tion. It is from the same selves. accord that perhaps even the CCM diehards had to Even the manner in change the stand of con- which Dr. Ghalib Bilal, servative revolutionary Kikwete’s presidential council hard liners. running mate was picked is very interesting. Under The medical doctor the present set up when trained Ali Mohammed the President is Shein proved his political Mainlander his running maturity when as Vice mate must come from President to Benjamin the other side of the un- Mkapa remained aloof as ion. Dr. Bilal was picked others scrambled to suc- because he offers no ceed his boss. As a Vice threat given his advanced President and in a politi- age. cal party with a tradition of alternating leadership Should Dr. Shein win the between Mainland and political race to succeed Zanzibar, Dr. Shein had a Karume in Zanzibar, po- better chance than any litical interest will then be other person to succeed on who will be the even- Mkapa by virtue of com- tual successor to Kikwete ing from Zanzibar given in 2015. Both Kikwete that Mkapa is a and Mkapa being Mainlander yet he al- Mainlanders, political agi- lowed another Mainlander tators in Zanzibar are al- in the name of Jakaya ready agitating for their son to ascend to the Un-

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. ion presidency after ing all available weapons 2015. But with Dr. Shein within their reach. TANZANIA shunted to Zanzibar, this RICHARD SHABA is indeed, an area of in- Political analysts are very PRIOJECT MANAGER IN terest to political watch- confidently expecting an DAR ES SALAAM/ TANSANIA ers. increased number of MPs and Councilors from the October 2010 opposition after the election. Many insiders con- www.kas.de/kenia X. WRAPPING UP cede openly to the fact that unlike in the past With veteran politicians when CCM could take and new entrants laying voters for a ride, this the groundwork for what time around, CCM is fac- promises to the biggest ing the biggest political political contest in the test in its 56 years of ex- country’s history since istence. the dawn of multiparty politics in 1992, and with Much as there are other clerics urging voters to four presidential candi- be vigilant and ensure dates - Professor Ibrahim that they elect leaders of Lipumba of Civic United quality there is noticeable Front (CUF), Hashim panic in the CCM hierar- Rungwe of NCCR- chy. Mageuzi, Peter Kuga Mziray of APPT- And as a matter of fact, Maendeleo and Mutam- the political survival of wega Mugahywa of Tan- the ruling Chama cha zania Labour Party (TLP – Mapinduzi and its n.b. The chairperson of chances of retaining TLP, Augustine Mrema, is power hinges on three busy campaigning for the pillars namely – state CCM presidential candi- machinery, experience date!!), the focus of real and the personality of political battle is now be- Kikwete. The other obvi- tween Dr. Slaa and Kik- ous pillar though waning wete, the incumbent. is lack of civic compe- tence of the citizenry. Two other candidates: The influence of Dr. Slaa Paul Kyara of Sauti ya is real. Umma (SAU) party and Christopher Mtikila of Having been an opposi- Democratic Party (DP), tion MP for 15 years, the were disqualified by the former Roman Catholic National Electoral Com- Padre is seen by many mission (NEC). political observers as the most solid presidential Available records show candidate and a real that almost all the lead- challenge to the creden- ing television and radio tials of President Jakaya stations are in the hands Kikwete. CCM cannot af- of politicians (ministers ford to lie low like enve- and parliamentarians or lopes. They will fight us- businesspeople-cum poli-

Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. ticians). Editors and jour- tion. Logic dictates that nalists are also in the pay one cannot be a referee TANZANIA roll of individual politi- and a player at the same RICHARD SHABA cians-cum businesspeo- time. PRIOJECT MANAGER IN ple to serve their inter- DAR ES SALAAM/ TANSANIA ests. The fusion of busi- Interestingly such argu- ness, politics and media ment is being ignored October 2010 is levying a cruel tax on mostly by MPs them- media freedom and has selves because of the fat www.kas.de/kenia led to what is now re- sitting allowances they ferred to as corporate enjoy as board members speech and market cen- in these public bodies. sorship at the expense of information that can spur the growth and flourish of liberal democracy.

As things stand now all attempts by President Ja- kaya Kikwete to insulate political offices from the business community are bound to fail. Even the passage of Election Ex- penses Act, 2010 is not going to yield the in- tended objectives given the heavy involvement of political merchants in meddling with the country’s politics.

The Constituency Fund has been established at a time when the Controller and Auditor General (CAG) is calling for the removal of MPs from sitting in the Boards of Di- rectors of Public Parasta- tals, Public Utility Organi- zations, Regulatory Bod- ies and other Enterprises and Institutions to avoid conflict of interest.

The CAG’s argument is direct and simple. MPs should remain free so that they can effectively exercise their oversight duties on public money and other resources as provided in the constitu-