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Catalonia, 1714 a Tour of Places Associated with The Catalonia, 1714 A tour of places associated with the War of Succession and the Baroque era War of Succession and the Baroque era A tour of places associated with the - Catalonia, 1714 ISBN 978-84-393-8672-8 Guies turístiques de Catalunya 9 788439 386728 CATALONIA, 1714 A TOUR OF PLACES ASSOCIATED WITH THE WAR OF SUccESSION AND THE BAROQUE ERA Catalonia, 1714 Serra i Sellarés, Francesc Catalonia, 1714 : a tour of places associated with the War of Succession and the baroque era. – (Guies turístiques de Catalunya) ISBN 9788439386728 I. Agència Catalana de Turisme II. Catalunya. Departament d’Innovació, Universitats i Empresa III. Museu d’Història de Catalunya IV. Títol V. Col·lecció: Guies turístiques de Catalunya. Anglès Table of Contents 1. Guerra de Successió, 1702-1714 – Camps de batalla – Catalunya – Guies 2. Llocs històrics – Catalunya – Guies 914.671(036) Presentation ........................................................... 5 Preface .................................................................. 7 © Generalitat de Catalunya Ministry of Innovation, Universities and Enterprise A route round Catalonia as it was during Secretariat of Commerce and Tourism the War of Succession and the Baroque era .................... 11 Directorate General for Tourism Collection: Guies turístiques de Catalunya Catalonia and warfare in the modern era ................... 11 Editor: Jaume Font i Garolera, Deputy Director General of Tourism Planning A war for the control of Europe ............................... 12 In collaboration with: Museu d’Història de Catalunya Published by: Catalan Tourist Board The opposing sides .............................................. 15 Project and realization: Quaderna, estratègia corporativa Text: Francesc Serra i Sellarés Progress and repression ........................................ 15 Translation: Jacqueline Hall, Maria Friel (Discobole, SL) Layout: Fons Gràfic The society of the Enlightenment and Baroque art ........ 18 Printed by: Gràfiques Cuscó, S.A. Itineraries ............................................................. 20 Legal deposit: B46720-2010 Barcelona: “Let the nation die a glorious death” .......... 22 Illustration credits Round the Vic Plain and Lluçanès: Hostalric City Council (pp. 99 and 100) Jaume Balanyà (pp. 79 and 119) La Seu d’Urgell City Council (p. 14) Jordi Aparicio (p. 98) The Revolt of the Vigatans ..................................... 35 Sallent City Council (p. 52) Jordi Pareto (pp. 102, 106, 108, 125 Along the Llobregat Valley: Repression and resistance .... 46 Sort City Council (p. 91) and 129) Aplec 18 de Setembre (p. 66) M. Àngels Parareda (p. 43) Great armies in the hinterland: Arxiu Direcció General de Turisme Masats (p. 68) (p. 67) Miguel Raurich (pp. 77 and 132) The duel between Starhemberg and Vendôme ............. 61 Biblioteca de Catalunya. Barcelona Miquelets de Catalunya (pp. 28 and 118) (p. 18) Museu Palau Mercader. Cornellà de Through the Terres de Ponent: The plains of discord ...... 74 Bob Masters / DGPC (p. 109) Llobregat City Council (p. 14) Carme Marsal / Rafa Domínguez (p. 50) Nano Cañas (p. 31) The Pyrenean front: The mountains up in arms ............ 84 Diputació de Tarragona / Joan Alberich Oriol Alamany (pp. 127 and 130) Through the lands of Girona: Unrelenting defence ........ 92 (p. 116) Oriol Llauradó (p. 42) Esther Coscojuela Martínez (p. 32) Osona Turisme (p. 38) Along the Costa Brava: The maritime frontier .............104 Felipe J. Alcoceba (pp. 34, 117 and 121) Quaderna (pp. 5, 41, 44, 45, 46, 48, Fiesta Barroca Moià (p. 60) 50, 51, 57, 59, 60, 63, 65, 66, 69, 71, Through the Camp de Tarragona: Fotoluigi, Berga (p. 55) 84, 87, 90, 96, 107, 122, 124 and 131) Francesc Bedmar (pp. 101 and 120) Ramon Manent (pp. 19, 39, 56, 68, Guerrillas and Sometents .....................................111 Francesc Gomà (p. 94) 108 and 129) Through the Terres de l’Ebre: The southern front ........125 Francesc Tur (p. 83) Servicios Editoriales Georama Fundació Fortaleses Catalanes (pp. 22 and 35) To find out more ....................................................133 (p. 104) Toni Vidal (pp. 30, 37, 40, 61, 72, 73, Georgina Camps i Rusiñol (p. 54) 78, 80, 95, 103, 111 and 113) Battle glossary ..................................................134 Guillem de Plandolit / Alt Urgell Turisme de Lleida / Ciudades County Council (p. 86) Catedralicias (pp. 74 and 78) The main figures ................................................135 Imagen MAS (pp. 88 and 92) Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya (ICC) Practical information ..........................................138 (pp. 23, 27, 29, 64, 70, 76, 81, 82, 87, 89, 107, 115 and 128) 2 3 Catalonia, 1714 Presentation We have pleasure in presenting this tourist guide which takes visi- tors to the main sites in Catalonia where the War of Succession took place (1702-1714). This war, which had repercussions for the whole of Europe, was the leading conflict of the Baroque era and is seen here from a Catalan viewpoint. Besides this guide, the General Directorate for Tourism has set up several other major routes through Catalonia under the guidelines and recommenda- tions of the Strategic Plan for Tourism in Catalonia (2005-2010) which seeks to recover Catalonia’s historical heritage and share it with those who visit us. They are devoted to: the Pyrenean Counties, the Way of Saint James and the Frontierland Castles. All enable tourists to discover the great variety of Catalonia’s natu- ral and human landscapes by highlighting both tangible and in- tangible features of its heritage — everything from great historic buildings to places where historic events occurred and where key personages of history and legend left their imprint. This, then, is the spirit that inhabits this new guide — one of the collection entitled “Guies turístiques de Catalunya” — published by the General Directorate for Tourism. It permits visitors to ex- plore the history of Catalonia in the modern era as reflected by the events of the War of Succession and the settings where they occurred. Not only will they learn more about a war that had far- reaching consequences for Europe, but they will acquire a com- plete overview of the Catalan 18th century — its complex society and the splendours of Baroque art — while enjoying the diverse attractions of our towns, villages and countryside. The guide also has its place among the nation-wide third-cente- nary commemorations organised by the Catalan government — the Generalitat — through the work of the commission Catalunya 2014, whose remit is to revive and disseminate the memory of the War of Succession and the way it affected Catalonia’s po- Cardona. Sentry box litical and institutional structures. Another upshot of these com- 4 5 Catalonia, 1714 memorations is the “1714 Route”, a cultural itinerary set up by Catalonia and the War of Succession the Museu d’Història de Catalunya based on the buildings directly related to the war which it runs: the Museu Rafael Casanova in Moià, Cardona Castle, the Tower of la Manresana in Els Prats de The War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1715) was a milestone in Rei, the University of Cervera, and the Seu Vella in Lleida. Catalan history. Catalonia’s defeat on 11 September 1714 led to the abolition of its constitution and government institutions and The “1714 Route” is also part of the Plan for the Implementa- its disappearance as a State. The same happened to the other tion of Intangible Tourism Resources in Catalonia and of a promo- realms of the Crown of Aragon. These events have become a part tion campaign entitled “Rebellious Catalonia” which relates to of the collective memory and the first law passed by the Catalan resources from the period between 1500 and 1740. Other routes parliament after its re-establishment in 1980 declared 11 Sep- under this Plan focus on Witches and Bandits, Pirates and Cor- tember as the date of Catalonia’s national holiday (or “Diada”). sairs, the War of the Reapers, Moriscos, and Baroque art. The death of Charles II of Spain (1700) sparked off a conflict be- In short, this guide attains several objectives. By helping to re- tween the Bourbon and Habsburg dynasties which soon evolved vive and disseminate Catalonia’s historical memory through visits into an international war with direct or indirect repercussions to sites to do with the War of Succession and the legacy of the throughout Europe and beyond. The proclamation of Duke Philip Baroque era, it heightens our own citizens’ understanding and of Anjou, a grandson of Louis XIV, as the successor to the Spanish awareness of their country’s historical, architectural, cultural and throne under the name of Philip V aroused the hostility of the symbolic heritage. It also creates new opportunities to stimulate majority of European courts. The Grand Alliance of the Hague, tourism in the hinterland and to support the initiatives launched formed in 1701, declared war on the States under Bourbon rule by various municipalities in order to draw attention to sites as- the following year. One year later Archduke Charles of Austria, sociated with the War of Succession. And finally it offers visitors the second son of Emperor Leopold I, was proclaimed King of to Catalonia, especially those interested in cultural tourism, new Spain in Vienna under the name of Charles III. insights into little known attractions spread all over the country which will make their trip more enjoyable. Philip V summoned a full meeting of the Catalan Parliament (1701-1702) at which he made major concessions. However anti-
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