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Home , Cold medicine, Goose bumps, Meth mouth, Poppers

COMMONLY ABUSED WWW.DRUGABUSE.GOV/RESEARCHERS

COCAINE LSD MARIJUANA () MDMA (ECSTASY/MOLLY) PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE TREATMENT DESCRIPTION A powerfully addictive made An drug made from , a natural Solvents, aerosols, and gases found in household A manufactured from lysergic Marijuana is made from the hemp plant, A synthetic, that has similarities 1. is a complex but treatable disease from the leaves of the coca plant native to substance extracted from the seed pod of the products such as spray paints, markers, glues, acid, which is found in ergot, a fungus that Cannabis sativa. The main psychoactive (mind- to both the stimulant and the that affects brain function and behavior. South America. various poppy plant. and cleaning fluids; also nitrites (e.g., amyl grows on rye and other grains. LSD is an altering) chemical in marijuana is delta-9- hallucinogen mescaline. MDMA is an abbreviation For more information, see the For more information, see the Heroin nitrite), which are prescription for abbreviation of the scientific name lysergic , or THC. of the scientific name 3,4-methylenedioxy- 2. No single treatment is appropriate Research Report. Research Report. chest pain. acid diethylamide. For more information, see the Marijuana . for everyone. For more information, see the Inhalants For more information, see the Research Report. For more information, see the MDMA (Ecstasy) Research Report. and Drugs Research Report. Abuse Research Report. 3. Treatment needs to be readily available. STREET NAMES Blow, Bump, C, Candy, Charlie, Coke, Crack, Brown sugar, China White, Dope, H, Horse, Poppers, snappers, whippets, laughing gas Acid, Blotter, Blue Heaven, Cubes, Microdot, Blunt, Bud, Dope, Ganja, Grass, Green, Herb, , Adam, Clarity, Eve, Lover’s Speed, Peace, Uppers 4. Effective treatment attends to multiple needs Flake, Rock, Snow, Toot Junk, Skag, Skunk, Smack, White Horse Yellow Sunshine Mary Jane, Pot, Reefer, Sinsemilla, Skunk, Smoke, of the individual, not just his or her drug use With OTC cold and : Cheese Trees, Weed or misuse. Hashish: Boom, Gangster, Hash, Hemp 5. Remaining in treatment for an adequate COMMERCIAL NAMES Cocaine hydrochloride topical solution No commercial uses Various No commercial uses Various brand names in states where the sale of No commercial uses period of time is critical. ( rarely used in medical procedures) marijuana is legal White powder, whitish rock crystal White or brownish powder, or black sticky Paint thinners or removers, degreasers, dry- Tablet; capsule; clear liquid; small, decorated Greenish-gray mixture of dried, shredded leaves, Colorful tablets with imprinted logos, capsules, 6. Behavioral therapies —including individual, COMMON FORMS substance known as “black tar heroin” cleaning fluids, , lighter fluids, correction squares of absorbent paper that liquid has been stems, seeds, and/or flowers; resin (hashish) or powder, liquid family, or group counseling —are the most fluids, permanent markers, electronics cleaners added to sticky, black liquid (hash oil) commonly used forms of drug use disorder and freeze sprays, glue, spray paint, or treatment. deodorant sprays, fabric protector sprays, aerosol computer cleaning products, vegetable oil sprays, 7. Medications are an important element of butane lighters, propane tanks, whipped cream treatment for many patients, especially aerosol containers, refrigerant gases, ether, when combined with counseling and other chloroform, halothane, behavioral therapies. COMMON WAYS TAKEN Snorted, smoked, injected Injected, smoked, snorted Inhaled through the nose or mouth Swallowed, absorbed through mouth tissues Smoked, eaten (mixed in food or brewed as tea) Swallowed, snorted (paper squares) 8. An individual’s treatment and services plan must be assessed continually and modified DEA SCHEDULE II I Not scheduled I I I as necessary to ensure that it meets his or Narrowed vessels; enlarged pupils; ; dry mouth; itching; nausea; vomiting; Confusion; nausea; slurred speech; lack of Rapid emotional swings; distortion of a person’s Enhanced sensory perception and euphoria Lowered inhibition; enhanced sensory perception; her changing needs. SHORT-TERM increased body temperature, , and analgesia; slowed breathing and heart rate. coordination; euphoria; ; drowsiness; ability to recognize reality, think rationally, or followed by drowsiness/relaxation; slowed increased heart rate and ; muscle 9. Many drug-addicted individuals also have blood pressure; ; abdominal pain and disinhibition, lightheadedness, hallucinations/ communicate with others; raised blood pressure, reaction time; problems with balance and tension; nausea; faintness; or sweating; sharp other mental disorders. nausea; euphoria; increased energy, alertness; delusions; ; sudden sniffing death heart rate, body temperature; dizziness; loss of coordination; increased heart rate and appetite; rise in body temperature leading to kidney failure insomnia, restlessness; anxiety; erratic and due to heart failure (from butane, propane, appetite; tremors; enlarged pupils. problems with learning and memory; anxiety. or death. 10. Medically assisted detoxification is only the violent behavior, panic attacks, paranoia, and other chemicals in aerosols); death from first stage of addiction treatment and by psychosis; heart rhythm problems, heart asphyxiation, suffocation, convulsions or itself does little to change long-term drug attack; stroke, seizure, coma. seizures, coma, or choking. use and misuse. Nitrites: enlarged blood vessels, enhanced sexual pleasure, increased heart rate, brief sensation of 11. Treatment does not need to be voluntary to heat and excitement, dizziness, headache. be effective. LONG-TERM Loss of of smell, nosebleeds, nasal Collapsed veins; abscesses (swollen tissue Liver and kidney damage; marrow damage; Frightening flashbacks (called Hallucinogen Mental health problems, chronic , Long-lasting confusion, depression, problems with 12. Drug use during treatment must be damage and trouble swallowing from snorting; with pus); of the lining and valves in the limb spasms due to nerve damage; brain damage Persisting Perception Disorder [HPPD]); ongoing frequent respiratory . In rare cases, attention, memory, and sleep; increased anxiety, infection and death of bowel tissue from heart; constipation and stomach cramps; liver or from lack of oxygen that can cause problems with visual disturbances, disorganized thinking, risk of recurrent episodes of severe nausea impulsiveness less interest in sex. monitored continuously, as lapses during decreased blood flow; poor nutrition and kidney disease. thinking, movement, vision, and hearing. paranoia, and mood swings. and vomiting. treatment do occur. weight loss; lung damage from smoking. Nitrites: increased risk of . 13. Treatment programs should test patients for OTHER HEALTH- Pregnancy: premature delivery, low birth Pregnancy: miscarriage, low birth Pregnancy: low birth weight, bone problems, Unknown Youth: May impair brain development and Unknown the presence of HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B and C, RELATED ISSUES weight, deficits in self-regulation and attention weight, neonatal abstinence syndrome. delayed behavioral development due to brain learning functions. in school-aged children prenatally exposed. problems, altered and body tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases, EFFECTS POSSIBLE HEALTH Risk of HIV, hepatitis, and other infectious diseases Pregnancy: babies born with problems with composition. provide risk-reduction counseling, and link Risk of HIV, hepatitis, and other infectious from shared needles. attention, memory, and problem solving. patients to treatment if necessary. diseases from shared needles. IN COMBINATION Greater risk of cardiac toxicity than from either Dangerous slowdown of heart rate and breathing, Unknown Unknown Increased heart rate, blood pressure; further MDMA decreases some of ’s effects. Alcohol WITH ALCOHOL drug alone. coma, death. slowing of mental processing and reaction time. can increase plasma concentrations of MDMA, which may increase the risk of neurotoxic effects. The Drug Enforcement WITHDRAWAL Depression, tiredness, increased appetite, Restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, Nausea, tremors, irritability, problems sleeping, Unknown Irritability, trouble sleeping, decreased Fatigue, loss of appetite, depression, aggression, Administration (DEA) schedule SYMPTOMS insomnia, vivid unpleasant dreams, slowed diarrhea, vomiting, cold flashes with and mood changes. appetite, anxiety. trouble concentrating. indicates the drug’s movement, restlessness. (“cold turkey”). MEDICATIONS There are no FDA-approved medications to There are no FDA-approved medications to There are no FDA-approved medications to There are no FDA-approved medications to There is conflicting evidence about whether MDMA acceptable medical use and its treat cocaine addiction. Buprenorphine treat addiction. treat addiction to LSD or other hallucinogens. treat marijuana addiction. is addictive. There are no FDA-approved medications potential for abuse or dependence. Naltrexone (short- and long-acting forms) to treat MDMA addiction. The most up-to-date scheduling BEHAVIORAL • Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) • Contingency management, or More research is needed to find out if behavioral More research is needed to find out if behavioral • Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) More research is needed to find out if behavioral THERAPIES • Contingency management, or motivational incentives therapies can be used to treat inhalant addiction. therapies can be used to treat addiction to • Contingency management, or therapies can be used to treat MDMA addiction. information can be found motivational incentives, including vouchers • 12-Step facilitation therapy hallucinogens. motivational incentives on the DEA website. • The Matrix model • Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) • Community-based recovery groups, • Behavioral treatments geared to adolescents such as 12-step programs • Mobile medical application: reSET® TREATMENT OPTIONS TREATMENT • Mobile medical application: reSET® COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS WWW.DRUGABUSE.GOV/RESEARCHERS

METHAMPHETAMINE PCP SYNTHETIC SYNTHETIC CATHINONES (“”) ALCOHOL DESCRIPTION An extremely addictive stimulant A dissociative drug developed as A wide variety of herbal mixtures containing An emerging family of drugs containing one or more Plant grown for its leaves, which are Ethyl alcohol, or , is an intoxicating Additional Resources: amphetamine drug. an intravenous anesthetic that has man-made chemicals related to synthetic chemicals related to cathinone, a stimulant dried and fermented before use. ingredient found in beer, wine and liquor. It is For more information, see the been discontinued due to serious THC in marijuana but often much stronger and found naturally in the khat plant. Examples of such For more information, see the produced by the fermentation of yeast, sugars, • and Mental Health Services Methamphetamine Research Report. adverse effects. Dissociative drugs more dangerous. Sometimes misleadingly called chemicals include , methylone, and Tobacco/ Research Report. and starches. are hallucinogens that cause the user “synthetic marijuana” and marketed as a “natural,” 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV). Administration (SAMHSA) Treatment Locator: to feel detached from reality. PCP is “safe,” legal alternative to marijuana. For more information, see the Synthetic Cathinones http://www.findtreatment.samhsa.gov; an abbreviation of the scientific name, For more information, see the Synthetic (“Bath Salts”) DrugFacts. 1-800-662-HELP. . Cannabinoids DrugFacts. For more information, see the • The “Find a Physician” feature on the Hallucinogens and Dissociative American Society of Drugs Research Report. (ASAM) website: STREET NAMES Crank, Chalk, Crystal, Fire, Glass, Go Fast, Angel Dust, Boat, Hog, Love Boat, K2, Spice, Black Mamba, Bliss, Bombay Blue, Bloom, Cloud Nine, Cosmic Blast, Flakka, Ivory Wave, None Booze, Juice, Sauce, Brew Ice, Meth, Speed Peace Pill Fake Weed, Fire, Genie, Moon Rocks, Skunk, Lunar Wave, Scarface, Vanilla Sky, White Lightning http://www.asam.org/for-the-public-treatment. Smacked, Yucatan, Zohai • The Patient Referral Program on the American COMMERCIAL NAMES Desoxyn® No commercial uses No commercial uses No commercial uses for ingested “bath salts” Multiple brand names Various Academy of Addiction Psychiatry website: COMMON FORMS White powder or pill; crystal meth looks White or colored powder, tablet, Dried, shredded plant material that looks like White or brown crystalline powder sold in small plastic or Cigarettes, cigars, bidis, hookahs, Beer, wine, liquor/spirits/malt beverages http://www.aaap.org/patient-resources. like pieces of glass or shiny blue-white or capsule; clear liquid potpourri and is sometimes sold as “incense” foil packages labeled “not for human consumption” and (snuff, spit tobacco, “rocks” of different sizes sometimes sold as jewelry cleaner; tablet, capsule, liquid chew) • The Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist COMMON WAYS TAKEN Swallowed, snorted, smoked, injected Injected, snorted, swallowed, smoked Smoked, swallowed (brewed as tea). Swallowed, snorted, injected. Smoked, snorted, chewed, vaporized. Ingested by drinking Finder on the American Academy of Child & (powder added to mint, parsley, oregano, Adolescent Psychiatry Web site: or marijuana) http:// http://www.aacap.org/aacap/Families_ DEA SCHEDULE II I, II I I (Some formulations have been banned by the DEA) Not Scheduled Not scheduled; illegal for purchase or use by and_Youth/Resources/CAP_Finder.aspx. those under age 21 SHORT-TERM Increased wakefulness and physical Delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, Increased heart rate; vomiting; agitation; Increased heart rate and blood pressure; euphoria; Increased blood pressure, breathing, Injuries and risky behavior, including drunk • The Surgeon General’s Report on Alcohol, activity; decreased appetite; increased problems thinking, a sense of distance confusion; hallucinations, anxiety, paranoia; increased sociability and sex drive; paranoia, agitation, and heart rate. driving and inappropriate sexual behavior; Drugs, and Health: breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, from one’s environment, anxiety. increased blood pressure. and hallucinations; violent behavior; sweating; nausea, impaired judgement, coordination, and reflexes; https://addiction.surgeongeneral.gov/ temperature; irregular heartbeat. Low doses: slight increase in breathing vomiting; insomnia; irritability; dizziness; depression; slurred speech, memory problems. panic attacks; reduced motor control; cloudy thinking. rate; increased blood pressure and heart • For clinical trials information, go to rate; shallow breathing; face redness and sweating; numbness of the hands or feet; www.clinicaltrials.gov. problems with movement. High doses: nausea; vomiting; flicking up and down of the eyes; ; loss of balance; dizziness; violence; seizures, For More Information: coma, and death. LONG-TERM Anxiety, confusion, insomnia, mood Memory loss, problems with speech and Unknown Death Greatly increased risk of , especially Irregular heartbeat, stroke, high blood pressure; The NIDA website, www.drugabuse.gov, problems, violent behavior, paranoia, thinking, loss of appetite, anxiety. lung cancer when smoked and oral cirrhosis and fibrosis of the liver; mouth, throat, has information on a variety of drugs and hallucinations, delusions, weight loss, when chewed; chronic ; liver, breast cancer. severe dental problems (“meth mouth”), emphysema; heart disease; leukemia; related information. intense itching leading to sores cataracts; pneumonia. from scratching. Some publications, including these charts, OTHER HEALTH- Pregnancy: premature delivery; separation PCP has been linked to self-injury. Use of synthetic cannabinoids has led to an increase Risk of HIV, hepatitis, and other infectious diseases Pregnancy: miscarriage, low birth weight, Pregnancy-related: fetal alcohol spectrum are available in print, free of charge. of the placenta from the uterus; low birth in emergency room visits in certain areas. from shared needles. stillbirth, learning and behavior problems. disorders (FASD) POSSIBLE HEALTH EFFECTS POSSIBLE HEALTH RELATED ISSUES Risk of HIV, hepatitis, and other infectious weight; lethargy; heart and brain problems. diseases from shared needles. To order print copies, call the DRUGPubs Risk of HIV, hepatitis, and other infectious Research Dissemination Center diseases from shared needles. at 1-877-NIH-NIDA or IN COMBINATION Masks the effect of alcohol, Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown N/A go to drugpubs.drugabuse.gov. WITH ALCOHOL increasing risk of alcohol overdose; may increase blood pressure. WITHDRAWAL Depression, anxiety, tiredness. Headaches, increased appetite, Headaches, anxiety, depression, irritability. Depression, anxiety. Irritability, attention and sleep problems, Trouble sleeping, shakiness, irritability, SYMPTOMS sleepiness, depression. depression, increased appetite. depression, anxiety, nausea, sweating. MEDICATIONS There are no FDA-approved medications There are no FDA-approved medications There are no FDA-approved medications to treat There are no FDA-approved medications to treat Bupropion (Zyban®) Naltrexone, acamprosate, disulfiram. to treat methamphetamine addiction. to treat addiction to PCP or other synthetic cannabinoid addiction. addiction to synthetic cathinones. Varenicline (Chantix®) dissociative drugs. Nicotine replacement (gum, patch, lozenge) BEHAVIORAL • Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) More research is needed to find out if More research is needed to find out if behavioral • Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) • Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) • Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) THERAPIES • Contingency management, or behavioral therapies can be used to treat therapies can be used to treat synthetic • Contingency management, or motivational incentives • Self-help materials • 12-Step facilitation therapy OPTIONS motivational incentives addiction to dissociative drugs. cannabinoid addiction. • Motivational Enhancement Therapy (MET) • Mail, phone, and quit resources • Mobile medical application: reSET® TREATMENT • The Matrix model • Behavioral treatments geared to teens • 12-Step facilitation therapy • Mobile medical application: reSET® COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS: PRESCRIPTIONS AND OTCS WWW.DRUGABUSE.GOV/RESEARCHERS

PRESCRIPTION CENTRAL ANABOLIC STEROIDS COMMERCIAL NAMES : : Sleep Medications: Fentanyl or Meperidine Methadone Morphine Oxymorphone Amphetamine (Adderall®) Nandrolone (Oxandrin®), oxandrolone (Anadrol®), (COMMON) pentobarbital (Nembutal®) alprazolam (Xanax®), eszopiclone (various brand names) (Actiq®, dihydrocodeinone (Dilaudid®) (Demerol®) (Dolophine®, (Duramorph®, (OxyContin®, (Opana®) (Concerta®, Ritalin®) oxymetholone (Anadrol-50®), testosterone cypionate chlorodiazepoxide (Lunesta®), zaleplon Duragesic®, (Vicodin®, Methadose®) Ms Contin®) Percodan®, (Depo-testosterone®) (Librium®), (Sonata®), zolpidem Sublimaze®) Norco®, Percocet®, diazepam (Valium®), (Ambien®) Zohydro®, and others) lorazepam (Ativan®), and others) triazolam (Halicon®) DESCRIPTION Medications that slow brain activity, which makes them Pain relievers with an origin similar to that of heroin. Opioids can cause euphoria and are often used nonmedically, leading to overdose deaths. Medications that increase alertness, attention, Man-made substances used to treat conditions useful for treating anxiety and sleep problems. For more information, see the Misuse of Prescription Drugs Research Report. energy, blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing rate. caused by low levels of steroid hormones in the For more information, see the Misuse of Prescription For more information, see the Misuse of body and abused to enhance athletic and sexual Drugs Research Report. Prescription Drugs Research Report. performance and physical appearance. For more information, see the Abuse Research Report. STREET NAMES Barbs, Phennies, Red Candy, Downers, Forget-me Pill, Captain Cody, Cody, Apache, China Vike, Watson-387 D, Dillies, Demmies, Amidone, M, Miss O.C., Oxycet, Biscuits, Bennies, Black Beauties, JIF, MPH, R-ball, Skippy, Juice, Gym Candy, Pumpers, Roids Birds, Reds, Tooies, Yellow Sleeping Pills, Tranks Mexican Valium, R2, , Schoolboy, Girl, China White, Footballs, Pain Killer Fizzies Emma, Oxycotton, Blue Heaven, Crosses, Hearts, LA The Smart Drug, R Jackets, Yellows Roche, Roofies, Sizzurp, Purple Drank Dance Fever, Juice, Smack With MDMA: Monkey, Oxy, Hillbilly Blues, Mrs. Turnaround, Speed, Truck Roofinol, Rope, With glutethimide: Friend, Goodfella, Chocolate White Stuff Heroin, Percs O, O Bomb, Drivers, Uppers Rophies Doors & Fours, Loads, Jackpot, Murder Chip Cookies Octagons, Pancakes and Syrup 8, Tango and Stop Signs Cash, TNT COMMON FORMS Pill, capsule, liquid Pill, capsule, liquid Pill, capsule, liquid Tablet, capsule, liquid Lozenge, Capsule, Liquid, Tablet, Tablet, Tablet, liquid, Capsule, Tablet Tablet, capsule Liquid, tablet, chewable Tablet, capsule, liquid drops, gel, cream, patch, sublingual tablet, liquid, tablet suppository liquid dispersible capsule, liquid, tablet tablet, capsule injectable solution film, buccal tablet tablet, liquid suppository COMMON WAYS TAKEN Swallowed, injected Swallowed, snorted Swallowed, snorted Injected, swallowed Injected, Swallowed, Injected, rectal Swallowed, Swallowed, Injected, Swallowed, Swallowed, Swallowed, snorted, Swallowed, snorted, smoked, Injected, swallowed, applied to skin (often mixed with smoked, snorted snorted, injected snorted, injected swallowed, snorted, snorted, smoked, injected injected, chewed soda and flavorings) injected smoked injected injected DEA SCHEDULE II, III, IV IV IV II, III, V II II II II II II, III II II II II III

SHORT-TERM Drowsiness, slurred speech, poor concentration, confusion, dizziness, Pain relief, drowsiness, nausea, constipation, euphoria, slowed breathing, death. Increased alertness, attention, energy; increased blood Builds muscles, improved athletic performance. problems with movement and memory, lowered blood pressure, slowed pressure and heart rate; narrowed blood vessels; increased Acne, fluid retention (especially in the hands and feet), breathing. blood sugar; opened-up breathing passages. oily skin, yellowing of the skin, infection.

High doses: dangerously high body temperature and irregular heartbeat; heart disease; seizures. LONG-TERM Unknown Increased risk of overdose or abuse if misused. Heart problems, psychosis, anger, paranoia. Kidney damage or failure; liver damage; high blood pressure, enlarged heart, or changes in cholesterol leading to increased risk of stroke or heart attack, even in young people; aggression; extreme mood swings; anger (“roid rage”); extreme irritability; delusions; impaired judgment. OTHER HEALTH- Sleep medications are sometimes used as date rape drugs. Pregnancy: Miscarriage, low birth weight, neonatal abstinence syndrome. Risk of HIV, hepatitis, and other infectious diseases from Males: shrunken testicles, lowered sperm count, RELATED ISSUES Risk of HIV, hepatitis, and other infectious diseases from shared needles. Older adults: higher risk of accidental misuse or abuse because many older adults have multiple prescriptions, increasing the risk of drug-drug interactions, and shared needles. infertility, baldness, development of breasts. breakdown of drugs slows with age; also, many older adults are treated with prescription medications for pain. Females: facial hair, male-pattern baldness, Risk of HIV, hepatitis, and other infectious diseases from shared needles. enlargement of the clitoris, deepened voice. Adolescents: stunted growth.

POSSIBLE HEALTH EFFECTS POSSIBLE HEALTH Risk of HIV, hepatitis, and other infectious diseases from shared needles. IN COMBINATION Further slows heart rate and breathing, which can lead to death. Dangerous slowing of heart rate and breathing leading to coma or death. Masks the depressant action of alcohol, increasing risk of Increased risk of violent behavior. WITH ALCOHOL alcohol overdose; may increase blood pressure. WITHDRAWAL Must be discussed with a health care provider; withdrawal can Restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea, vomiting, cold flashes with goose bumps (“cold turkey”), leg movements. Depression, tiredness, sleep problems. Mood swings; tiredness; restlessness; loss of SYMPTOMS cause a serious abstinence syndrome that may even include seizures. appetite; insomnia; lowered sex drive; depression, sometimes leading to suicide attempts. MEDICATIONS There are no FDA-approved medications to treat addiction to prescription • Methadone There are no FDA-approved medications to treat Hormone therapy ; lowering the dose over time must be done with the help of a • Buprenorphine stimulant addiction. health care provider. • Naltrexone (short- and long-acting) BEHAVIORAL More research is needed to find out if behavioral therapies can be used to The same behavioral therapies that have helped treat addiction to heroin are used to treat prescription opioid addiction. • Behavioral therapies that have helped treat addiction to More research is needed to find out if behavioral treat addiction to prescription sedatives. cocaine or methamphetamine may be useful in treating therapies can be used to treat steroid addiction. OPTIONS THERAPIES

TREATMENT TREATMENT prescription stimulant addiction. • Mobile medical application: reSET® COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS: PRESCRIPTIONS AND OTCS WWW.DRUGABUSE.GOV/RESEARCHERS

OVER-THE-COUNTER NIDA Resources: PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE TREATMENT NIDAMED – Tools and resources to increase awareness of the impact of substance use on patients’ overall health 1. Addiction is a complex but treatable disease LOPERAMIDE and to help clinicians and those in training identify patient drug use early and prevent it from escalating to abuse that affects brain function and behavior. or addiction. Learn more at www.drugabuse.gov/nidamed. 2. No single treatment is appropriate COMMERCIAL Various (many brand names include “DM”) Imodium for everyone. NAMES (COMMON) 3. Treatment needs to be readily available. Preventing Drug Use among Children and Adolescents: A Research-Based Guide for Parents, Educators, DESCRIPTION Psychoactive when taken in An anti-diarrheal that can 4. Effective treatment attends to multiple needs higher-than- recommended amounts. cause euphoria when taken and Community Leaders – NIDA’s research-based guide for preventing drug abuse among children and adolescents of the individual, not just his or her drug use For more information, see in higher-than-recommended doses. provides 16 principles derived from effective drug-prevention research and includes answers to questions on risk and or misuse. Over-the-Counter . protective factors as well as on community planning and implementation. 5. Remaining in treatment for an adequate period of time is critical. STREET NAMES Robotripping, Robo, Triple C None 6. Behavioral therapies —including individual, COMMON FORMS Syrup, capsule Tablet, capsule, or liquid family, or group counseling —are the most Principles of Drug Addiction Treatment: A Research-Based Guide – This guide summarizes the 13 principles of COMMON WAYS Swallowed Swallowed commonly used forms of drug use disorder TAKEN effective treatment, answers common questions, and describes types of treatment, providing examples of scientifically- treatment. DEA SCHEDULE Not scheduled Not scheduled based and tested treatment components. 7. Medications are an important element of treatment for many patients, especially SHORT-TERM Cough relief, euphoria; slurred Controls diarrhea symptoms. In high when combined with counseling and other speech; increased heart rate and blood doses, can produce euphoria. May pressure; dizziness; nausea; vomiting. lessen cravings and withdrawal behavioral therapies. symptoms of other drugs. Principles of Adolescent Substance Use Disorder Treatment: A Research-Based Guide – This guide discusses the 8. An individual’s treatment and services plan urgency of treating and other substance use disorders in teenagers, answers common questions about how young must be assessed continually and modified as necessary to ensure that it meets his or LONG-TERM Unknown Unknown people are treated for drug problems, and describes effective treatment approaches supported by scientific evidence. her changing needs. OTHER Breathing problems, seizures, and Fainting, stomach pain, constipation, 9. Many drug-addicted individuals also have HEALTH- increased heart rate may occur from loss of consciousness, cardiovascular other mental disorders. RELATED other ingredients in cough/cold medicines. toxicity, pupil dilatation, and kidney failure from urinary retention. Principles of Drug Abuse Treatment for Criminal Justice Populations: A Research-Based Guide – NIDA’s 10. Medically assisted detoxification is only the ISSUES first stage of addiction treatment and by research-based guide for treating people with addiction who are involved with the criminal justice system provides itself does little to change long-term drug IN Unknown Unknown 13 essential treatment principles and includes answers to frequently asked questions and resource information.

use and misuse. EFFECTS POSSIBLE HEALTH COMBINATION WITH 11. Treatment does not need to be voluntary to ALCOHOL be effective. WITHDRAWAL Unknown Severe anxiety, vomiting, and diarrhea 12. Drug use during treatment must be SYMPTOMS monitored continuously, as lapses during MEDICATIONS There are no FDA-approved medications to There are no FDA-approved medications Additional Resources: treatment do occur. treat addiction to dextromethorphan. to treat addiction to loperamide. • Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Treatment Locator: http://www.findtreatment.samhsa.gov; 1-800-662-HELP. 13. Treatment programs should test patients for the presence of HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B and C, • The “Find a Physician” feature on the American Society of Addiction Medicine (ASAM) website: http://www.asam.org/for-the-public-treatment. tuberculosis, and other infectious diseases, provide risk-reduction counseling, and link patients to treatment if necessary. • The Patient Referral Program on the American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry website: http://www.aaap.org/patient-resources.

• The Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist Finder on the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Web site: BEHAVIORAL More research is needed to find out if • The same behavioral therapies http:// http://www.aacap.org/aacap/Families_and_Youth/Resources/CAP_Finder.aspx. The Drug Enforcement THERAPIES behavioral therapies can be used to treat that have helped treat addiction addiction to dextromethorphan. to heroin may be used to treat Administration (DEA) schedule loperamide addiction. • The Surgeon General’s Report on Alcohol, Drugs, and Health: https://addiction.surgeongeneral.gov/ indicates the drug’s • Contingency management, or motivational incentives

acceptable medical use and its OPTIONS TREATMENT • For clinical trials information, go to www.clinicaltrials.gov. potential for abuse or dependence. The most up-to-date scheduling For More Information: information can be found The NIDA website, www.drugabuse.gov, has information on a variety of drugs and related information. Some publications, including these charts, are available on the DEA website. in print, free of charge. To order print copies, call the DRUGPubs Research Dissemination Center at 1-877-NIH-NIDA or go to drugpubs.drugabuse.gov.