Solar Energy In the Valley of the Sun Michael Neary President Arizona Solar Energy Industries Association 623-587-6432 Cell 602-708-1497 [email protected] Solar Applications Residential Solar Water Heating Residential Photovoltaics Commercial Solar Water Heating Commercial Photovoltaics Solar Water Heating in Early Phoenix Residential Solar Water Heating Photovoltaics Boulder CO North Boulder Recreation Center –
Commercial Water Heating Commercial Photovoltaics www.solar-rating.org
Arizona Solar Water Heating Standards Arizona Guidelines for Solar Energy Devices –Commerce, Energy Office Department of Arizona Solar Rating and Certification Corporation OG-300 Voluntary Technician Certification Installation by licensed contractor Control on back-up element e
OG-300
Integrates results of collector Sets standards for system Considers factors affecting total
Established in 1992 • tests and system tests. • durability, reliability, safety and operations • system design, installation, maintenance and servic SRCC Performance Data
Solahart Industries Pty Ltd
S O LA H A R T 181K -A S 1992009C 2000 32 S O LA H A R T 302J 2400 1992006B 32 S O LA H A R T 302J-A S 1992009B 2300 32 S O LA H A R T 302K 2800 1992006A 32 S O LA IH A R T 302K -A S 1992009A 2600 32 Sun System s, Inc. 1600
C opperS un C 5340-E 1600 1997001C 20 C opperS un C 5440-E 1800 1997001A 20 C opperS un C 5450-E 1800 1997001D 20 CopperHeart SunEarth, Inc. 1300
C opperH eart C P -30 1800 1992011E 20 C opperH eart C P -40 2000 1992011F 20 C opperH eart C P -60P 2300 1992011G 20 C opperH eart C P -80P 2400 1992011J 20 S O LA R A Y T E 32C -80-1 2700 1993001B -60 S O LA R A Y 1E 32C -80-2 2500 1996001B -60 S O LA R A Y T E 32P -80-1 2600 1993001A -60 S O LA R A Y T E 32P -80-2 2400 1996001A -60
Components of a Solar Water Heating System
Collectors - 4x10 & 4x8 Storage Tank - 66, 80 & 120 gallons Pumps Controllers Heat exchangers Misc. vents, valves & components • • • • • • Black Paint vs. black Tube & header Anodized aluminum frame Low iron/low glare glass Operating temperatures up
• chrome • vs.serpentine • • • to 200+°F
Solar Thermal Collectors Solar Storage Tanks
Variety of Manufacturers 66, 80 & 120 gallons Usually have four ports on top Back-up element (220V) • • • • Advantages • Simple; No moving parts • Requires no electricity for operation • Low maintenance Disadvantages • Lower performance • Some – cost lower • Climate limited
Passive Solar Water Heating Systems Advantages •Lower cost •Higher efficiency Disadvantages •Potential hard water problems •Potential for freeze problems
Open Loop Re-circulation System Closed Loop Heat Exchange
Advantages •Freeze proof •No hard water problems •Disadvantages •Higher cost •More complex •Heat exchanger losses Advantages •Good freeze protection •Fluid not subject to stagnation •No hard water problems Disadvantages •Collector installation critical •Heat exchanger losses
Closed Loop Drainback
How a Grid-tie Photovoltaic (PV) Power System Works
Utility Meter records flow of PV Modules power into and out convert sunlight of the property into DC electricity
Power Inverter converts DC power into utility-grade AC electricity
AC Power is fed from the system into property’s load center for distribution to electrical loads Crystalline
Crystal Silicon Poly- Multi- or Thin film
Product - Options
Crystalline
Crystal Silicon
Single- Mono- or Sunny Boy
Xantrex
Inverters CEC CEC
ich the device is being
*, U.L. 1703*, JPL Block V, stallation must meet or exceed
ed the UBC and NEC at a minimum, minimum, at a and NEC ed the UBC lated components must meet or notes required for all modules and for all notes required
the municipality in wh in the municipality 4-3, IEC 1215.
requirements
All installations must meet or exce The photovoltaic (PV) modules and in All applicable NEC modules and re In addition, the PV USHUD approval, RVIA approval.
• and any code(s) adopted by installed.. • the following testing/safety/perform ance standards as required by the specific installation (asterisk * de installations): • Specification 503, IEC 90 • exceed the following testing/safety/performance standards as required by the specific installation: • http://www.azsolarcenter.com/economics/guidelines3.html
Photovoltaic Standards Sizing and Purchase HOA Approval (when necessary) Building Permit Site Visit, System Utility Program Reservation Design & Engineering Utility Interconnect Application & Approval On-Site Construction Inspection & Approval City Utility Inspection, Approval and Commissioning
Project Schedule Incentives •Other Utility Programs Utility • Arizona Residential Tax Credit • APS/SRP Credit Purchase Program •Other • Federal Tax Credit • Accelerated Depreciation • Arizona Sales Tax Exemption $1050
Residential Solar Water Heating System Phoenix Area System Cost Arizona Tax Credit 1000 Federal Tax Credit $5000 APS Credit Purchase 1450 1500 Net Cost $8893
Residential Photovoltaic System 2.9kw System Cost Arizona Tax Credit 1000 Federal Tax Credit $20533 Utility Credit Purchase 8640 Net Cost 2000 $2.8 million saved by Arizona Increased property values for Potential export market Money saved is kept in our Creates jobs in a variety of sectors. Economic Development Benefits community families monthly equals $4.67 million in benefits. Arizona homeowners and businesses. Pollution free water heating. Current U.S. solar DHW systems eliminate the By using solar energy to heat water in place of By using solar energy to heat water in place of The above figures are based on 55% of a 70 emissions of two medium sized coal power plants. electricity, 2900 pounds of pollution is avoided. a natural gas water heater, 1200 pounds of pollution each year. gallon per day load at 120 degrees. Air Quality Benefits Air Quality Benefits
One solar water heating system (average cost $3000) avoids the equivalent emissions of driving 6,540 miles, a 3 KW PV (average cost $20,000) avoids 9,369 miles.
The average solar swimming pool heating system avoids the production of 10,000 pounds of emissions.
A neighborhood of 500 homes heating water with solar in place of natural gas would avoid 300 tons of emissions annually. its for residential (single-
eated the same as a water tors whose weight does not tors
foot on roof slopes greater that 4/12. greater that slopes roof on foot
ing roof plan, elevation and mounting plan, ing roof lled in accordance with applicable lled in accordance
, including Solar Rating and Certification and Certification , including Solar Rating
cessary plumbing/building perm s as setback, height limitations, color, reflectivity or
quired for flat plate collec quired for flat
r Heating systems shall be tr
for systems (e. g. – with water storage on roof integrated
June 18, 2003
cal governing jurisdiction for further information. jurisdiction for further governing cal
shall be indicated on the on be indicated shall includ plans, Building Codes Committee Standard Maricopa Association of Governments Association Maricopa Water Heating equipment shall be insta PERMIT SUBMITTAL REQUIREMENTS SUBMITTAL PERMIT opes of 4/12 or less and 16 lbs per square
through MAG jurisdictions under the purv iew of safety,through MAG the following submittal SRCC and State of Arizona Guidelines.
tted by local jurisdiction) shall be on file shall jurisdiction) tted by local
RESIDENTIAL SOLAR DOMESTIC WATER HEATING SYSTEMS HEATING RESIDENTIAL SOLAR DOMESTIC WATER
:
In an effort to promote uniformity to promote an effort In requirements as a MAG standard for securing ne are adopted family) Solar Domestic Hot Water (DHW) systems: 1.details for panel installation. The location of the solar panel system 2.collector storage systems or thermosyphon systems). file on be required and/or shall analysis Structural 3.exceed 20 sl lbs per squareroof foot on Systems structural engineering analysis shall not be re 4.Corporation (SRCC) System Data (specification sheet). (where permi Standard plans 5.plumbing codes and in accordance with Solar Domestic Note that on plans 6.heater replacement. Domestic The permit cost for installing a Solar Wate NOTE such requirement involving regulations and zoning planning Local may apply. See design considerations, the lo other MAG BUILDING CODES COMMITTEE Permit Submittal Requirements Residential (Single-Family) Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Systems For Utility Grid-Tie Connection 5/15/02 In an effort to promote uniformity through MAG jurisdictions under the purview of life safety (NEC Article 690), the following submittal requirements are proposed as a MAG standard for securing necessary electrical/building permits for residential (single-family) photovoltaic (PV) systems: 1. Location of PV installation indicated on plans (roof plan and elevation). 2. Mounting details for PV panel installation. 3. Electrical one-line and three-line (showing phases, neutral and ground) diagram. 4. Cut sheet and listing for inverter (DC to AC conversion). 5. Note on plans that PV equipment shall be installed in accordance with NEC 690 and posted with applicable warnings, signage & plaques per NEC 705-10, 690-17 & 690-64(b)(5). 6. Acknowledgement letter from utility company for grid-tie PV systems. - grid-tie encompasses not only paralleled inverters but also inverters that constitute a potential back feed source, (i.e. - those that are connected to the utility and are programmed in the "non- utility interactive mode" but have the capability of being re-programmed to back feed in the "utility interactive mode") Local planning and zoning regulations, involving such requirements as setback, height limitations, color, reflectivity or other design considerations, may apply. See the local governing jurisdiction for further information. 5/3/02