Commercial Solar Water Heating
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GRID-INTERACTIVE EFFICIENT BUILDINGS TECHNICAL REPORT SERIES: Overview of Research Challenges and Gaps
Grid-interactive Efficient Buildings Technical Report Series Overview of Research Challenges and Gaps December 2019 (This page intentionally left blank) GRID-INTERACTIVE EFFICIENT BUILDINGS TECHNICAL REPORT SERIES: Overview of Research Challenges and Gaps Disclaimer This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government, nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, nor any of their contractors, subcontractors, or their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency, contractor, or subcontractor thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. iii GRID-INTERACTIVE EFFICIENT BUILDINGS TECHNICAL REPORT SERIES: Overview of Research Challenges and Gaps Authors The authors of this report are: Monica Neukomm, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Valerie Nubbe, Navigant Consulting, Inc. Robert Fares, former American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) fellow at DOE Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the valuable guidance and input provided during the preparation of this report. The authors are also grateful to the following list of contributors. Their feedback, guidance, and review proved invaluable in preparing this report. -
Indirect Solar Water Heating in Single-Family, Zero Energy Ready Homes Robb Aldrich Consortium for Advanced Residential Buildings
Indirect Solar Water Heating in Single-Family, Zero Energy Ready Homes Robb Aldrich Consortium for Advanced Residential Buildings February 2016 NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, subcontractors, or affiliated partners makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States government or any agency thereof. Available electronically at SciTech Connect http:/www.osti.gov/scitech Available for a processing fee to U.S. Department of Energy and its contractors, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information P.O. Box 62 Oak Ridge, TN 37831-0062 OSTI http://www.osti.gov Phone: 865.576.8401 Fax: 865.576.5728 Email: [email protected] Available for sale to the public, in paper, from: U.S. Department of Commerce National Technical Information Service 5301 Shawnee Road Alexandria, VA 22312 NTIS http://www.ntis.gov Phone: 800.553.6847 or 703.605.6000 Fax: 703.605.6900 Email: [email protected] Indirect Solar Water Heating in Single-Family, Zero Energy Ready Homes Prepared for: The National Renewable Energy Laboratory On behalf of the U.S. -
Generating Your Own Energy Solar Water
GENERATING YOUR OWN ENERGY SOLAR WATER A planning guide for 2C householders, communities 1 and businesses Introduction This leaflet is part of an information pack for householders, communities and businesses who want to generate their own energy through small or community scale renewable energy technologies. This may be to benefit from the Clean Energy Cashback Scheme (also known as the Feed-in Tariff) and to help tackle climate change. The pack is intended to give you some useful information on what issues you should be considering when installing a renewable energy technology, including the current planning regulations and ways in which you can install the technology to reduce any impact on you, your neighbours and the local built and natural environment. Please read Leaflet 1 Generating Your Own Energy – A Planning Guide for Householders, Communities and Businesses. This can be found at www.wales.gov.uk/planning GENERATING YOUR OWN ENERGY 1 1 A planning guide for householders, communities and businesses 2 What is solar water? Solar water heating systems gather the sun’s free energy and convert it into hot water alongside a conventional water heater. They do this by retaining the heat from the sun’s rays and transfer this heat to a fluid, in order to preheat water for use in sinks, showers and other hot water applications. What is a solar water collector? • Solar water systems (also known as solar thermal) comprise three main components - Solar collectors – which collect the sun’s rays so that when the light shines on the panel it heats up the water - Hot water cylinder – to store the water that is heated up during the day and supplies it for use later - Plumbing system – piping to move the fluid around the system • Type: - There are two different tubes of solar collectors with different characteristics: flat plate and evacuated tubes. -
Solar Water Heating System Requirements
Solar Water Heating Installation Requirements Adapted from The Bright Way to Heat Water™ technical requirements V 27 Energy Trust of Oregon Solar Water Heating Installation Requirements Revisions Energy Trust updates these installation requirements annually. Many thanks to the industry members and technical specialists that have invested their time to help keep this document current. The current document (v 27) underwent significant changes from previous installation requirements. Much of the redundant commentary material was removed and many requirements were evaluated based on cost effectiveness and removed or relaxed. The revisions table below summarizes many of the new changes however this document should be read in its entirety to understand the changes. August, 2012 Revisions Section Revision 2.2 Changed requirement for avoiding galvanic action, allowing aluminum Materials to galvanized steel connections. Requirements related to overheat and freeze protection were moved 2.3 to the new Solar Water Heating System Design and Eligibility Equipment and Installation Requirements document. Water quality requirements were removed. Requirements related to heat exchanger materials were moved to the 2.6 new Solar Water Heating System Design and Eligibility Requirements Plumbing document. Parts of Section 2.10 from v 26 were integrated into section 2.6. Backup water heater requirements were removed and/or deferred to code. 2.8 Anti-convective piping requirements were removed. Backup Water Heater Backup water heater R-10 floor pad was removed. Parts of Section 2.10 from v 26 were integrated into section 2.8 2.9 Storage to collector ratios were revised for single tank systems and moved to the new Solar Water Heating System Design and Eligibility Solar Storage Tank Requirements document. -
Solar Water Heating with Low-Cost Plastic Systems
FEDERAL ENERGY MANAGEMENT PROGRAM Two U.S.-manufactured low-cost plastic packaged systems are now available, including the SunCache system (above left) and the FAFCO system (above right). The manufacturers use plastic materials that reduce production and installation costs. Photos from Harpiris Energy and FAFCO Solar Water Heating with Low-Cost Plastic Systems Newly developed solar water heating technology can help Federal agencies more affordably meet the EISA requirements for solar water heating in new construction and major renovations. Federal buildings consumed over 392,000 billion Btu of site- is reasonably comparable, and these systems are capable delivered energy for buildings during FY 2007 at a total cost of meeting the statutory requirements of 30% solar power of $6.5 billion.[1] Earlier data indicate that about 10% of this efficiently and cost-effectively. is used to heat water.[2] Targeting energy consumption in Federal buildings, the Overcoming the Cost Barrier Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) Benefits and applications of solar water heating are well- requires new Federal buildings and major renovations to meet known, and have been covered in many publications found 30% of their hot water demand with solar energy, provided in the references. However, the single biggest market barrier it is cost-effective over the life of the system. In October for solar water heaters is cost. For single-family systems with 2009, President Obama expanded the energy reduction national-average water draw, paybacks with conventional and performance requirements of EISA and its subsequent solar water heaters often exceed expected system life of regulations with his Executive Order 13514. -
The Importance of Using Solar Water Heater As an Alternative Eco-Friendly Technology in Global Market: Some Lessons of Experiences for Bangladesh Economy
The Importance of Using Solar Water Heater as an Alternative Eco-Friendly Technology in Global Market: Some Lessons of Experiences for Bangladesh Economy Dr. Sakib Bin Amin Assistant Professor School of Business and Economics North South University Email:[email protected] Nuzhat Nuarey Mithila Correspondent Author and BS in Economics School of Business and Economics North South University Email:[email protected] 1 Electronic copy available at: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2928814 Abstract This research paper introduces alternative heating technology for Bangladesh in the form of solar water heater against conventional heating on the face of increasing demand for heating water. Solar water heater is that renewable technology which simply uses free sunlight to heat water. The main benefit of using this technology is that it is completely pollution free, unlike other non- renewable sources. However, from an economic point of view, it might not be a short term solution but will be economically viable in the long term. This technology also has the potential to ensure future energy security by diverting the energy load from non-renewable to renewable. This research paper gives a comparative analysis on the use of solar water heaters among different countries and Bangladesh. It also incorporates some useful measures that have attributed to the development of this industry. In this regard, many developed countries such as China, India, South Africa, Brazil, and Barbados along with small country like Tunisia have set up a remarkable example by patronizing this industry. This research paper has analyzed the factors and measures adopted for this technology in those countries and investigated the viability of solar water heating in the perspective of Bangladesh. -
Sustainable Development for Solar Heating Systems in Taiwan
Sustainability 2015, 7, 1970-1984; doi:10.3390/su7021970 OPEN ACCESS sustainability ISSN 2071-1050 www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability Article Sustainable Development for Solar Heating Systems in Taiwan Keh-Chin Chang 1,†, Wei-Min Lin 2,† and Kung-Ming Chung 1,†,* 1 Energy Research Center, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1 University Road, Tainan 701, Taiwan; E-Mail: [email protected] 2 Department of Accounting Information, Tainan University of Technology, No. 529, Zhongzheng Road, Yongkang District, Tainan 710, Taiwan; E-Mail: [email protected] † These authors contributed equally to this work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +886-6-239-2811 (ext. 210); Fax: +886-6-239-1915. Academic Editor: Rachel J. C. Chen Received: 8 January 2015 / Accepted: 6 February 2015 / Published: 12 February 2015 Abstract: In response to the impact of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, developing and using renewable energy sources and technologies have become vital for managing energy supply and demand in Taiwan. The long-term subsidy programs (1986–1991, 2000–present) for solar water heaters (SWHs) launched by the Taiwanese government constitute the main driving force for market expansion. By the end of 2013, the cumulative area of installed solar collectors was 2.27 million m2. Approximately 0.3 million systems (or 1.545 million m2) are in operation. This corresponds to an annual collector yield of 0.92 TWh, which is equivalent to savings of 98.7 thousand tons of oil and 319 thousand tons of CO2,eq. -
The Energy Saving Trust Here Comes the Sun: a Field Trial of Solar Water Heating Systems
Here comes the sun: a field trial of solar water heating systems The Energy Saving Trust Here comes the sun: a field trial of solar water heating systems The Energy Saving Trust would like to thank our partners, who have made this field trial possible: Government organisations The Department of Energy and Climate Change The North West Regional Development Agency The Scottish Government The Welsh Government Sustainable Energy Authority Ireland Manufacturers Worcester Bosch Energy suppliers British Gas EDF Energy E.ON Firmus Energy Good Energy Scottish & Southern Energy PLC ScottishPower Energy Retail Ltd Technical consultants EA Technology Ltd Energy Monitoring Company GASTEC at CRE Ltd Southampton University The National Energy Foundation Energy Saving Trust project team Jaryn Bradford, project director Frances Bean, project manager with Tom Chapman and Tom Byrne 2 Here comes the sun: a field trial of solar water heating systems Contents Foreword 4 Executive summary 5 Definitions 6 The background 7 The field trial 7 What is a solar water heating system? 8 Undertaking the field trial 10 Selecting participants 10 Developing our approach 11 Installing monitoring equipment 12 Householder feedback 13 Findings of the field trial 14 Key findings 18 Conclusions 20 Advice for consumers 21 Consumer checklist 21 What’s next? 23 3 Here comes the sun: a field trial of solar water heating systems Foreword Boosting consumer confidence in green technologies is vital In line with the Energy Saving Trust’s previous field trials, in driving the uptake of renewables in the UK. The UK lags these results have been peer-reviewed by experts in the behind its European neighbours, with just 1.3 per cent of industry. -
This Document, Concerning Solar Water Heaters Is an Action Issued by the Department of Energy
This document, concerning solar water heaters is an action issued by the Department of Energy. Though it is not intended or expected, should any discrepancy occur between the document posted here and the document published in the Federal Register, the Federal Register publication controls. This document is being made available through the Internet solely as a means to facilitate the public’s access to this document. [6450-01-P] DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY 10 CFR Part 430 [Docket Number EERE-2014-BT-STD-0045] Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedures and Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Water Heaters AGENCY: Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Department of Energy. ACTION: Request for information (RFI). SUMMARY: The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is requesting comments, data, and information related to solar-thermal water heating systems where solar components are paired with electric and/or fossil fuel-fired water heaters, which are utilized as secondary heat sources. Although this document contains several specific topics on which DOE is particularly interested in receiving written comment, DOE welcomes suggestions and information from the public on any subject related to solar water heaters. DATES: Written comments and information are requested on or before [INSERT DATE 30 DAYS AFTER DATE OF PUBLICATION IN THE FEDERAL REGISTER]. ADDRESSES: Interested parties are encouraged to submit comments electronically. However, 1 interested persons may submit comments, identified by docket number EERE-2014-BT-STD- 0045 by any of the following methods: • Federal eRulemaking Portal: www.regulations.gov. Follow the instructions for submitting comments. • E-mail: [email protected]. -
Inspecting Water Heater Tanks in Residential Dwelling Units
Inspecting Water Heater Tanks Course Document Inspecting Water Heater Tanks in Residential Dwelling Units Including Electric Water Tanks and Gas Water Tanks with Flammable Vapor Ignition Resistance Systems Page 1 of 18 Inspecting Water Heater Tanks Course Document Course title: “Inspecting water heater tanks in residential dwelling units.” Course objective: To obtain an understanding of how to inspect the water heater tanks in a single residential dwelling unit, including fuel and electric water heater tanks. Completing this course should enable an inspector to identify components of gas-fired and electric water heater tanks, recognize defects and safety hazards in relation to modern standards and requirements, explain how a flammable vapor ignition resistance system (FVIR) works, the importance of temperature-and-pressure relief valves, and checking confined spaces. This is not a code compliance course. There are many codes, and they change regularly. This level of inspection is beyond what an inspector would do on a general home inspection and exceeds InterNACHI's Standards of Practice. We will read text from modern building standards, we will apply those standards in a mock-up studio setting, and then we will perform inspections of hot water tanks at existing residential homes. We will watch and learn from a master plumber as he inspects two hot water tanks - one gas and one electric. At the end of the course, we will go over some suggested language that can be used in an inspection report. An inspection report should describe and identify in written format the inspected components of the system and should identify defects that were observed. -
Installation and Maintenance Instructions
Installation and maintenance instructions High-efficiency hot water storage tank Installation and maintenance instructions English High-efficiency hot water storage tank EKHWP300B EKHWP500B List of contents 1 Safety . 4 7 Technical data . .22 1.1 Observing instructions . 4 7.1 Basic data . 22 1.2 Warning signs and explanation of symbols . 4 7.1.1 EKHWP . 22 1.3 Avoid danger . 4 7.2 Performance diagrams . 23 1.4 Proper use . 5 7.2.1 EKHWP . 23 1.5 Instructions for operating safety. 5 7.3 Tightening torque . 23 1.5.1 Before working on the hot water storage tank and the heating system . .5 8 List of keywords . .24 1.5.2 Electrical installation of optional accessories . .5 1.5.3 Installation room . .5 1.5.4 Requirements of the heating and filling water . .5 1.5.5 Heating and sanitary side connection . .5 1.5.6 Operation . .5 1.5.7 Instructing the user/owner. .5 1.5.8 Documentation . .5 2 Product description. 6 2.1 Design and components . 6 2.1.1 High-efficiency hot water storage tank (Unpressurised system - drain-back) . .7 2.2 Brief description . 8 2.3 Accessories . 8 2.3.1 Electric immersion heaters . .8 2.3.2 Non return valves . .8 2.3.3 Dirt filter. .8 2.3.4 Scalding protection . .9 2.3.5 Solar storage tank extension kit . .9 3 Set-up and installation . 10 3.1 Set-up . 10 3.1.1 Important information . .10 3.1.2 Scope of delivery. .10 3.1.3 Installing the hot water storage tank . -
Energy-Saving Analysis of Solar Heating System with PCM Storage Tank
energies Article Energy-Saving Analysis of Solar Heating System with PCM Storage Tank Juan Zhao 1, Yasheng Ji 1, Yanping Yuan 1,*, Zhaoli Zhang 1 and Jun Lu 2 1 School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China; [email protected] (J.Z.); [email protected] (Y.J.); [email protected] (Z.Z.) 2 School of Urban Construction & Environment Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel./Fax: +86-028-8763-4937 Received: 18 November 2017; Accepted: 15 January 2018; Published: 19 January 2018 Abstract: A solar heating system (SHS) with a phase change material (PCM) thermal storage tank is proposed with the view that traditional heat water storage tanks present several problems including large space requirements, significant heat loss and unstable system performance. An entire heating season (November–March) is selected as the research period on the basis of numerical models of the SHS-PCM. In addition, taking a public building in Lhasa as the object, the heating conditions, contribution rate of solar energy, and overall energy-saving capability provided by the heating system are analyzed under different PCM storage tanks and different terminal forms. The results show that an SHS with a PCM tank provides a 34% increase in energy saving capability compared to an ordinary water tank heating system. It is suggested that the design selection parameters of the PCM storage tank should specify a daily heat storage capacity that satisfies 70~80% of the entire heating season. A floor radiant system with supply/return water temperatures of 40/35 ◦C provides the optimal operation and the largest energy saving capability.