Plantas Y Jardines En La Málaga Del Siglo XIX. El Caso Singular De La Hacienda La Concepción

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Plantas Y Jardines En La Málaga Del Siglo XIX. El Caso Singular De La Hacienda La Concepción AUTOR: Blanca Lasso de la Vega Westendorp EDITA: Publicaciones y Divulgación Científica. Universidad de Málaga Esta obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial- SinObraDerivada 4.0 Internacional: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode Cualquier parte de esta obra se puede reproducir sin autorización pero con el reconocimiento y atribución de los autores. No se puede hacer uso comercial de la obra y no se puede alterar, transformar o hacer obras derivadas. Esta Tesis Doctoral está depositada en el Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Málaga (RIUMA): riuma.uma.es UNIVERSIDAD DE MÁLAGA DEPARTAMENTO DE BIOLOGÍA VEGETAL Plantas y Jardines en la Málaga del siglo XIX. El caso singular de la Hacienda La Concepción Blanca Lasso de la Vega Westendorp TESIS DOCTORAL Málaga, 2015 Plantas y Jardines en la Málaga del siglo XIX. El caso singular de la Hacienda La Concepción Memoria que presenta la Licenciada Blanca Lasso de la Vega Westendorp Para aspirar al grado académico de Doctor en Ciencias Biológicas por la Universidad de Málaga Fdo.: Blanca Lasso de la Vega Westendorp VºBº de los directores: Blanca Díez Garretas Manuel Casares Porcel Departamento de Biología Vegetal Departamento de Biología Vegetal Universidad de Málaga Universidad de Granada dc TESIS DOCTORAL Málaga, 2015 Plantas y Jardines en la Málaga del siglo XIX. El caso singular de la Hacienda La Concepción Agradecimientos Esta tesis nace de la constante inquietud por aprender que siempre ha estado presente en mi vida. En el terreno académico, una de las tareas pendientes a lo largo del tiempo era realizar la tesis doctoral. De hecho, lo he intentado dos veces y, por un motivo u otro, no pude finalizarlas. Cuando en el año 2009, Alfredo Asensi, profesor de la Universidad de Málaga, llegó a La Concepción como Di- rector-Gerente del Patronato Botánico Municipal, surgió la oportunidad para ello, ya que me animó a llevarla a cabo y me facilitó el contacto con el profesor Manuel Casares Porcel, quién enseguida aceptó ser director de la misma. Posteriormente, la profesora Blanca Díez Garretas, se unió para co-dirigirla. El hecho de tenerlos a los dos ha resultado una gran suerte para mí, ya que han sido complementarios en cuanto al tema objeto del estudio, y hemos funcionado como un equipo de forma muy compenetrada. Reconozco y agradezco la ayuda permanente que ambos me han proporcionado, su tiempo, interés, dedicación y la amabilidad que siempre han mostrado, y no sólo en lo referente al aspecto técnico del trabajo, sino porque en todo momento he recibido de ellos el ánimo necesario para continuar mi tarea. Sus directrices, consejos y correcciones han sido sumamente valiosos para el trabajo que se presenta. Mis agradecimientos, también, a las personas que me han ayudado con la documentación investigada, princi- palmente a Esther Cruces, directora del Archivo Histórico Provincial de Málaga, fundamental para importantes documentos que se presentan; a Trinidad García-Herrera, del Archivo Díaz de Escovar; al personal del Archivo Histórico Municipal de Málaga y de la Biblioteca del Real Jardín Botánico y del Museo de Ciencias Naturales, am- bos de Madrid. Quiero destacar en mis agradecimientos a: Los propietarios de magníficas bibliotecas particulares el hecho de ponerlas a mi disposición para consultarlas, como Pedro Ansorena y Amparo Quiles en el caso de la Málaga del XIX y José Tito en lo referente a jardines históricos. A Tomás Heredia Campos por facilitarme su álbum familiar con imágenes inéditas de la familia Loring-Heredia. A Juan Antonio Fernández Rivero por poner a mi disposición su importante colección de imágenes y postales de Málaga. Al Centro de Tecnología de la Imagen de la Universidad de Málaga por facilitarme la búsqueda de fotografías de jardines de Málaga en su base de datos. A mis compañeros de trabajo: Trinidad Sánchez, Belén Verdú, Amelia Denis y Carlos Espejo, por su ánimo, apoyo e interés en el desarrollo de esta memoria. A todos los demás compañeros del Jardín, presentes y ausentes, quienes de una u otra forma son parte vinculada a este trabajo. En este sentido, tengo un recuerdo especial por María del Carmen Martínez, quien comparte conmigo la afición por desempolvar documentos y por la historia de La Con- cepción. Ella me ha proporcionado numerosos datos de su labor personal de búsqueda, así como libros, apuntes y árboles genealógicos resultado de sus investigaciones; también hemos compartido charlas muy interesantes al respecto. A mis amigos que se han preocupado continuamente por cómo iba el trabajo y me han alentado insistentemente a terminarlo, quizás porque durante este tiempo no hemos podido compartir tantos momentos juntos como nos hubiese gustado. En especial agradezo su interés e infinita ayuda a Amparo, amiga de la infancia, que me ha ense- ñado como buscar documentos históricos en archivos, internet, bibliotecas, etc. y a la que debo muchas de las citas que aparecen en esta memoria. 7 Blanca Lasso de la Vega Westendorp Por último, quiero dedicar esta tesis a mi familia, cuyos componentes, de una u otra manera, “han sufrido” con pa- ciencia las interminables tardes, fines de semana y vacaciones de aislamiento, con paciencia y sin que el interés hacia mi “decreciera” en lo más mínimo. Y, en especial a Armando, mi marido, quién ha estado ayudándome todo lo que ha podido para hacerme la vida más fácil, y porque, a pesar de los silencios o de las distancias que estas situaciones generan, ha permanecido a mi lado con la comprensión y serenidad que le caracterizan. 8 Plantas y Jardines en la Málaga del siglo XIX. El caso singular de la Hacienda La Concepción A aquellas personas que son mi motor, mi centro y mi pasión: mi familia. Plantas y Jardines en la Málaga del siglo XIX. El caso singular de la Hacienda La Concepción ÍNDICE CAPÍTULO 1 | Introducción, antecedentes y objetivos 13-15 1.1. Introducción. 13 1.2. Antecedentes. 13 1.3. Objetivos. 15 CAPÍTULO 2 | Material y Métodos 17-19 2.1. Material. 17 2.2. Métodos. 18 CAPÍTULO 3 | Marco de referencia: Contexto físico y botánico 21-26 3.1. Situación geográfica. 21 3.2. Geología y suelos. 24 3.3. Climatología y bioclima. 24 3.4. Paisaje vegetal. 25 CAPÍTULO 4 | La flora ornamental en la ciudad de Málaga en el siglo XIX 27-88 4.1. Antecedentes: jardines y plantas en España durante el siglo XIX. 27 4.2. Los espacios verdes en la Málaga del siglo XIX. 33 4.3. Los jardines públicos y jardines de Instituciones. 41 4.4. Los jardines privados. 56 4.5. Los Baños, otra tipología jardinística de la época en Málaga. 69 4.6. Los alrededores de la ciudad. 70 4.7. El gusto de la sociedad malagueña por la flora ornamental: organización de 72 exposiciones, premios y otras celebraciones. 4.8. La procedencia de las plantas. 80 4.9. Viveros, profesionales y coleccionistas. 83 CAPÍTULO 5 | El caso singular de la Hacienda La Concepción: su historia 89-114 5.1. Estudios realizados sobre La Concepción. 89 5.2. Los orígenes de La Concepción antes de la familia Loring. 90 5.3. La familia Loring-Heredia. 93 5.4. Aclaraciones históricas sobre La Concepción. 102 5.5. La Concepción de los Echevarría-Echevarrieta. 104 5.6. La hacienda durante la guerra civil. 111 5.7. La compra por el Ayuntamiento de Málaga. 112 CAPÍTULO 6 | Los jardines de La Concepción: sus espacios y su paisaje 115-179 6.1. Introducción. 115 6.2. Las primeras trazas del jardín: análisis de planos. 119-133 6.2.1. Plano “Hacienda La Concepción”. 119 6.2.2. Plano “Para la traída de aguas a la Hacienda La Concepción”. 120 6.2.3. Plano de la Hacienda La Concepción con la Huerta del Hoyo. 120 6.2.4. Plano de 1957. 121 6.2.5. Análisis comparativo. 130 11 Blanca Lasso de la Vega Westendorp 6.3. La evolución del jardín. 134-173 6.3.1. Accesos a la Hacienda. 134 6.3.2. La Alameda o Paseo de Plátanos. 138 6.3.3. El Museo Loringiano. 140 6.3.4. Square o Glorieta de Amalia Heredia. 142 6.3.5. El Puente Carretero. 144 6.3.6. El Puentecito de Hierro. 147 6.3.7. La Alberca de los Claveles e invernaderos. 148 6.3.8. La Casa-Palacio y su entorno. 150 6.3.9. El Estanque y la Fuente del Tritón. 155 6.3.10. El Cenador. 157 6.3.11. La Cascada y la Ría. 158 6.3.12. Arroyo, Estanque y Cascada de la ninfa. 160 6.3.13. La Avenida de Palmeras. 162 6.3.14. El Mirador. 163 6.3.15. El interior del jardín. 165 6.3.16. Otros elementos destacados del jardín. 167-170 6.3.16.1. El Paseo de Ficus y Olmos. 167 6.3.16.2. El Teatrillo. 169 6.3.16.3. Las esculturas. 169 6.3.17. Otras edificaciones. 171 6.4. La protección del jardín. 174 6.5. La madurez del jardín: estudio de imágenes aéreas. 176 6.6. Casos similares a La Concepción. 178 CAPÍTULO 7 | Análisis botánico de la flora ornamental de la ciudad 181-255 de Málaga y de la Hacienda La Concepción en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX 7.1. Introducción. 181 7.2. Málaga y su flora ornamental. 184 7.3. Listado de especies de Málaga y La Concepción ordenadas por familias. 191 7.4. Datos de citas e introducciones de los taxa cultivados en la ciudad de Málaga. 223 7.5. Análisis florístico. 247-252 7.5.1. Los datos en Málaga. 247 7.5.2. Los datos en La Concepción.
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