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When Power and Piety Collide When Power and Piety Collide When Power and Piety Collide A Critical Analysis of Early Caliphate in Islam Understanding the Present by Knowing the Past Sayed Moustafa al-Qazwini Islamic Educational Center of Orange County 3194-B Airport Loop Drive Costa Mesa, California 92626 U.S.A. Telephone: (714) 432-0060 www.iecoc.org [email protected] First U.S. Edition 2009 Copyright 2009 by Moustafa al-Qazwini All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder, except in the case of brief quotations quoted in articles or reviews. The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Al-Qazwini, Moustafa When Power and Piety Collide/Moustafa al-Qazwini p. cm. ISBN: 978-0-9711538-0-6 Book Layout and Design by the Islamic Publishing House [www.iph.ca] Sponsored by Ahlul Bayt Society – www.12imams.org Printed in Canada by Friesens Corporation - www.friesens.com Contents PROLOGUE.................................................................................................................... I ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................IX DEDICATION .............................................................................................................XI CHAPTER 1 SMASHING THE IDOLS OF TRIBALISM .....................................1 CHAPTER 2 QURAYSH GROUP ........................................................................... 5 Development of the Quraysh Group .............................................................. 5 Objective of the Quraysh Group ..................................................................... 6 Emergence of the Quraysh Group .................................................................. 7 Quraysh Group Appears on the Scene ........................................................ 10 “Calamity of Thursday” ................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER 3 THE SAQIFAH UNION ................................................................... 13 Chronicles of Saqifah ....................................................................................... 14 CHAPTER 4 POLITICAL POLICIES OF QURAYSH ....................................... 25 Political Practices of the Quraysh Group ................................................... 25 Selection of the First Six Caliphs ................................................................. 27 Dialogue between Abdullah b. al-Abbas and Umar b. al-Khattab ....... 31 CHAPTER 5 BACKLASH ......................................................................................... 35 Attempt to Burn the House of Fatima al-Zahra ........................................ 35 Regret for the Actions Taken Against Fatima ........................................... 39 Usurping the Land of Fadak .......................................................................... 41 Story of Fadak ...................................................................................................43 Stand Against Imam Ali .................................................................................. 52 CHAPTER 6 TRANSITION OF THE GROUP ................................................... 55 The Cursed Tree ............................................................................................... 55 CHAPTER 7 PROHIBITION OF TRANSCRIBING THE HADITH ............. 59 CHAPTER 8 LEGACY OF THE QURAYSH ON THE HADITH ...................69 Hadith of the “Ten People Guaranteed Paradise” ......................................71 Umar b. al-Khattab .......................................................................................... 72 Fabrications Involving the Qur’an ...............................................................80 Hadith of the Twelve Successors .................................................................. 81 Where Did the Hadith Fictions Come From? ........................................... 83 CHAPTER 9 ARDUOUS TRUTH ......................................................................... 85 Defining Sahabah .............................................................................................. 86 How the Sahabahs Define “Companionship” ............................................ 87 (1) Al-Firqa al-Kamiliyah and the Ghulat ............................................. 87 (2) Adalat al-Sahabah – Integrity of the Companions ....................... 87 (3) The Qur’an, the Prophet, and the Ahlul Bayt ................................. 88 Hadith of “the Stars” ........................................................................................ 89 Flaws found in the Companions in the Established Hadith ................. 90 Participation of the Companions in the Battles ....................................... 90 Battle of Uhud .............................................................................................. 91 Battle of Badr ................................................................................................ 93 Battle of Khaybar........................................................................................ 94 Battle of Hunayn ........................................................................................ 94 Conquests of the First Three Caliphs.......................................................... 95 A Brief Introduction to the Prophet’s Companions .................................96 Abu Bakr (b. Abi Quhafah) ............................................................................96 Umar b. al-Khattab b. Nafeel b. Uday b. Ka’ab ......................................... 97 Qur’an as a “Book” .......................................................................................... 103 Uthman b. al-Affan ........................................................................................ 108 Innovations of Umar b. al-Khattab ............................................................ 109 Changes During Umar’s Reign ..................................................................... 110 Adhan (Call to Prayer) ................................................................................... 110 History of the Adhan ...................................................................................... 110 Prayer without Taharah (Ritual Purity) .................................................... 111 Tarawih Prayers ............................................................................................... 112 Prayers for the Deceased ................................................................................ 112 Three Divorces in One Session ..................................................................... 113 Other Actions performed by Umar ............................................................. 113 Uthman b. al-Affan .........................................................................................114 Al-Waleed b. Uqbah ....................................................................................... 117 Uthman’s Innovations .................................................................................... 118 Third Call to Prayer (Adhan) ....................................................................... 118 Complete Prayers in Mina ............................................................................. 119 Khutbah before the Eid Prayer .................................................................... 120 Land of Fadak and Marwan b. al-Hakam ................................................. 120 Reactions of Some Prominent Companions............................................. 120 An Analysis of Uthman’s Motivations ...................................................... 123 CHAPTER 10 THE UMMAH FRACTURES ..................................................... 125 When did Shiaism Come About? ............................................................... 125 Why the Focus on Ahlul Bayt? .................................................................... 129 Qur’anic Verse on those who Possess Knowledge ................................. 129 The Verse of Purity (Ayat al-Tatheerah) .................................................. 129 The Verse of Malediction (Ayat al-Mubahilah) ...................................... 132 Status of the Ahlul Bayt ................................................................................ 133 Sanctity of the Ahlul Bayt ............................................................................ 133 Ahlul Bayt - According to the Prophet ...................................................... 134 Rafidah (The Rejecters) ................................................................................ 134 How “Shia Islam” Originated ...................................................................... 135 Abdullah b. Saba: Myth or Reality?............................................................ 135 Four Schools of Thought .............................................................................. 139 Hanafi School (Al-Madhab al-Hanafi) ................................................. 139 Maliki School of Thought (Al-Madhab al-Maliki) ............................141 Shafi’i School of Thought (Al-Madhab al-Shafi’i) ............................. 143 Hanbali School of Thought (Al-Madhab al-Hanbali) ...................... 144 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................
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