DOCSLIB.ORG

TUG1 Confers Cisplatin Resistance in Esophageal Squamous Cell

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
TUG1 Confers Cisplatin Resistance in Esophageal Squamous Cell Xu et al. Cell Biosci (2018) 8:61 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-018-0260-0 Cell & Bioscience RESEARCH Open Access TUG1 confers cisplatin resistance in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by epigenetically suppressing PDCD4 expression via EZH2 Caihui Xu1, Yinmou Guo1*, Haiyan Liu1, Gongbin Chen1, Yanju Yan1 and Teng Liu2 Abstract Background: Increasing evidence has suggested the involvement of long non-coding RNA taurine upregu- lated gene 1 (TUG1) in chemoresistance of cancer treatment. However, its function and molecular mechanisms in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) chemoresistance are still not well elucidated. In the present study, we investigate the functional role of TUG1 in cisplatin (DDP) resistance of ESCC and discover the underlying molecular mechanism. Results: Our study revealed that TUG1 was up-regulated in DDP-resistant ESCC tissues and cells. High TUG1 expres- sion was correlated with poor prognosis of ESCC patients. TUG1 knockdown improved the sensitivity of ECA109/ DDP and EC9706/DDP cells to DDP. Moreover, TUG1 could epigenetically suppress PDCD4 expression via recruit- ing enhancer of zeste homolog 2. PDCD4 overexpression could mimic the functional role of down-regulated TUG1 in DDP resistance. PDCD4 knockdown counteracted the inductive efect of TUG1 inhibition on DDP sensitivity of ECA109/DDP and EC9706/DDP cells. Furthermore, TUG1 knockdown facilitated DDP sensitivity of DDP-resistant ESCC cells in vivo. Conclusion: TUG1 knockdown overcame DDP resistance of ESCC by epigenetically silencing PDCD4, providing a novel therapeutic target for ESCC. Keywords: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, Cisplatin, Taurine upregulated gene 1, Enhancer of zeste homolog 2, PDCD4 Background achieve successful treatment for ESCC [5, 6]. Terefore, Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one it is urgent to elucidate the mechanism underlying chem- of the most frequent gastrointestinal malignancies in oresistance in ESCC and develop novel therapeutic strat- human, a sixth most common cause of cancer-related egies to improve ESCC prognosis. death worldwide [1, 2]. Despite the development of Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a class of surgery combined with neoadjuvant radiation and/or endogenous non-protein-coding RNAs longer than 200 chemotherapy, the majority of patients with ESCC were nucleotides [7]. Emerging evidence suggests the involve- diagnosed frequently at the advanced stage and had poor ment of lncRNAs in normal development as well as prognosis [3, 4]. Chemoresistance frequently occurs tumorigenesis [8]. Dysregulated lncRNAs could act as during chemotherapy, which remains a major barrier to oncogenic molecules and tumor suppressors in malignant tumors, closely associated with tumorigenesis, metasta- *Correspondence: [email protected] sis, diagnosis or prognosis [9]. Moreover, accumulating 1 Department of Oncology, Shangqiu First People’s Hospital, No. 292 documents revealed that abnormal lncRNAs were related Kaixuan South Road, Shangqiu 476100, China Full list of author information is available at the end of the article to chemotherapy resistance of cancers [10–12]. LncRNA © The Author(s) 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creat​iveco​mmons​.org/licen​ses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creat​iveco​mmons​.org/ publi​cdoma​in/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. Xu et al. Cell Biosci (2018) 8:61 Page 2 of 11 taurine-upregulated gene 1 (TUG1), located on chromo- (si-PDCD4) and their scramble negative control (si-con) some 22q12.2, was originally identifed as a transcript were chemically synthesized by Genepharma (Shanghai, up-regulated by taurine [13]. Recently, increasing evi- China). All cell transfections were performed using the dence had suggested that aberrant TUG1 expression was Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). associated with non-small cell lung cancer, hepatocellu- lar carcinoma, and ESCC [14–16]. Although a previous Quantitative real‑time PCR (qRT‑PCR) study reported that high TUG1 expression was signif- Total RNA was isolated from ESCC tissues and cells cantly correlated with chemotherapy resistance in ESCC, using Trizol reagent (Invitrogen) and then reversely tran- the function and mechanism of TUG1 in cisplatin (DDP) scribed into cDNA using PrimeScript RT Reagent Kit resistance of ESCC remains uncertain. (TaKaRa, Dalian, China). TUG1 and PDCD4 expression In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression levels were detected by quantitative real-time PCR with and functional role of TUG1 in ESCC DDP resistance as SYBR Green Master Mix (TOYOBO, Osaka, Japan) using well as its underlying molecular mechanism. Our study an Applied Biosystems 7500 Real-Time PCR Systems found that TUG1 expression was increased in ESCC tis- (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Te primes sues and cell lines, especially in DDP-resistant tissues were as follows: TUG1 forward, 5′-TAG CAG TTC CCC and cells. Functionally, TUG1 knockdown improved the AAT CCT TG-3′, TUG1 reverse, 5′-CAC AAA TTC CCA sensitivity of DDP-resistant ESCC cells to DDP. Mechani- TCA TTC CC-3′; PDCD4 forward, 5′-GGC CTC CAA cally, TUG1 improved the sensitivity of ESCC cells to GGA GTA AGA CC-3′, PDCD4 reverse, 5′-AGG GGT CTA DDP through epigenetically suppressing PDCD4 expres- CAT GGC AAC TG-3′. Data were analyzed using the com- sion through recruiting enhancer of zeste homolog 2 parative Ct method (2−ΔΔCt) with GAPDH as an internal (EZH2). Our study revealed a novel epigenetical regu- control. latory mechanism between TUG1 and PDCD4 which could overcome DDP resistance in ESCC. Drug sensitivity assay Te cell viability of ECA109/DDP and EC9706/DDP cells Methods and their parental cells was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethyl- Sample collection and cell culture 2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) Te paired tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues (Sigma, St. Louis, Missouri, USA) assay. DDP sensitiv- (n = 42) were collected from ESCC patients who under- ity was determined using the IC50 value (half maximal went surgery resection at the Shangqiu frst People’s Hos- inhibitory concentration). pital. Tis study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shangqiu frst People’s Hospital and informed consents Flow cytometric analysis were signed by all patients. Te normalized RNA-seq Cell apoptosis was evaluated using Annexin V-FITC/ data of Esophageal Carcinoma (ESCA) were downloaded PI Apoptosis Detection Kit (KeyGEN Biotech, Nanjing, from the TCGA data portal website (https ://cance rgeno China) as described previously [18]. Briefy, ECA109/ me.nih.gov/). DDP and EC9706/DDP cells with diferent transfection Human immortalized esophageal epithelial cell line were treated with 20 μM DDP for 48 h, followed by dou- HET-1A and human ESCC cell lines (ECA109 and ble stained with Annexin V-FITC and PI under a dark EC9706) were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA, condition. Cell apoptotic rates were evaluated by FACSan USA). All cells were cultured in PRMI-1640 medium fow cytometry (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA). (Gibco, Rockville, MD, USA) supplemented with 10% Subcellular fraction assays FBS (Gibco) at 37 °C with 5% CO2. DDP-resistant vari- ants (ECA109/DDP and EC9706/DDP) of ECA109 and Te separation of the nuclear and cytosolic fractions of EC9706 cells were established using a repetitive pulsatile ECA109 cells was performed using the PARIS Kit (Life treatment with constant concentrations of cisplatin [17]. Technologies, Carlsbad, CA, USA) following the manu- Te degree of chemotherapy resistance of DDP-resistant facturer’s instructions. variants was evaluated before transfections. RNA pull‑down assays Cell transfection TUG1 and anti-sense-TUG1 was transcribed with Tran- Empty pcDNA3.1 vector (Vector) was obtained from scriptAid T7 High Yield Transcription Kit (Termo Genepharma (Shanghai, China). TUG1 or PDCD4 Fisher Scientifc) and then labeled with Termo Scientifc overexpressing vector pcDNA3.1-TUG1 or pcDNA3.1- Pierce RNA 3′ Desthiobiotinylation Kit (Termo Fisher PDCD4 (TUG1 or PDCD4), small interfering RNAs Scientifc). Pierce Magnetic RNA-Protein Pull down Kit against TUG1 (si-TUG1 #1 or si-TUG1 #2) or PDCD4 (Termo Fisher Scientifc) was used to perform RNA Xu et al. Cell Biosci (2018) 8:61 Page 3 of 11 pull down assay. Briefy, labeled RNAs were bound with stable lentivirus-transfected ECA109/DDP cell line. 7 Streptavidin Magnetic Beads and then incubated with Ten, ECA109/DDP cells (1.0 × 10 ) stably infected with ECA109/DDP cell protein lysates. Ten the RNA-binding sh-TUG1 or sh-con were subcutaneously injected into proteins were eluted for the further western blot analysis. the tail veins of BALB/c-nude mice (4 weeks old) from the Shanghai Experimental Animal Center of the Chi- RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays nese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China). One week RIP experiments were performed using Magna RIP™ later, mice were intraperitoneally injected with 6 mg/ RNA-Binding Protein Immunoprecipitation Kit (Mil- kg DDP or same volume of PBS every week according lipore, Bedford, MA, USA) according to the manufac- to indicated groups (n = 5 each group): sh-con + PBS, turer’s protocol. EZH2 and IgG antibodies
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Historical Study on the Relation Between Ancient Chinese Cuju and Modern Football
    2018 4th International Conference on Innovative Development of E-commerce and Logistics (ICIDEL 2018) Historical Study on the Relation between Ancient Chinese Cuju and Modern Football Xiaoxue Liu1, Yanfen Zhang2, and Xuezhi Ma3 1Department of Physical Education, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, P. R. China 2Department of Life Sciences; Xinxiang University, Xinxiang Henan Province, Eastern Section of Hua Lan Road, Hongqi District, Xinxiang City, Henan, China 3Beijing Sport University Wushu School, Information Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: Ancient Chinese Cuju, Modern Football, Relationship, Development, The Same Origin Abstract: This paper studies on the origin and development of Chinese Cuju through document retrieval. Born in the period of Dongyi civilization, Chinese Cuju began to take shape during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, and gradually flourished during the Qin, Han, Tang and Song dynasties. Through the economic and cultural exchange between China and the West in the past ages, Cuju was introduced into Europe when Mongol expedited westward in Yuan Dynasty. Finally, it has become the modern football, which originated from ancient Chinese Cuju and developed from European competition rules and now is widely accepted and popular in the world. 1. The Cultural Background of the Study On July 15th, 2004, Mr. Blatter, the president of FIFA (Fédération Internationale de Football Association) officially announced in the 3rd session of Soccerex Fair, that football originated in Zibo, the capital of Qi State during the Spring and Autumn Period of ancient China. Cuju (ancient football game) began in China, while modern football (eleven -player game) originated in England.
    [Show full text]
  • Download This Article PDF Format
    RSC Advances View Article Online PAPER View Journal | View Issue Panax notoginseng saponins radiosensitize colorectal cancer cells by regulating the SNHG6/ Cite this: RSC Adv.,2019,9,38558 miR-137 axis Caihui Xu,a Teng Liu,b Haiyan Liu,a Gongbin Chena and Yinmou Guo *a Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) have recently attracted great attention for their anti-cancer activity in colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to explore the functional role and underlying mechanisms of PNS on CRC radiosensitivity. Cell viability was assessed by a Cell Counting kit-8 assay. Cell survival and apoptosis were determined using colony formation assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to quantify the levels of SNHG6 and miR-137. The targeted correlation between SNHG6 and miR-137 was validated by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Our data supported that PNS weakened the viability of CRC cells. Moreover, PNS promoted the radiosensitivity of CRC cells. Mechanistically, PNS enhanced CRC cell radiosensitivity Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. by upregulating SNHG6. SNHG6 directly targeted miR-137 and inhibited miR-137 expression. MiR-137 Received 20th September 2019 was involved in the regulatory effect of SNHG6 on CRC cell radiosensitivity. Furthermore, PNS increased Accepted 11th November 2019 miR-137 expression through SNHG6 in CRC cells. Our study suggested that PNS promoted DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07622k radiosensitivity in CRC cells at least partly through regulating the SNHG6/miR-137 axis, providing a novel rsc.li/rsc-advances understanding of the anti-cancer mechanism of PNS in CRC.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level
    Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level Corresponding Type Chinese Court Region Court Name Administrative Name Code Code Area Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院 最高法 Higher People's Court of 北京市高级人民 Beijing 京 110000 1 Beijing Municipality 法院 Municipality No. 1 Intermediate People's 北京市第一中级 京 01 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Shijingshan Shijingshan District People’s 北京市石景山区 京 0107 110107 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Haidian District of Haidian District People’s 北京市海淀区人 京 0108 110108 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Mentougou Mentougou District People’s 北京市门头沟区 京 0109 110109 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Changping Changping District People’s 北京市昌平区人 京 0114 110114 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Yanqing County People’s 延庆县人民法院 京 0229 110229 Yanqing County 1 Court No. 2 Intermediate People's 北京市第二中级 京 02 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Dongcheng Dongcheng District People’s 北京市东城区人 京 0101 110101 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Xicheng District Xicheng District People’s 北京市西城区人 京 0102 110102 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Fengtai District of Fengtai District People’s 北京市丰台区人 京 0106 110106 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality 1 Fangshan District Fangshan District People’s 北京市房山区人 京 0111 110111 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Daxing District of Daxing District People’s 北京市大兴区人 京 0115
    [Show full text]
  • Announcement of Annual Results for the Year Ended December 31, 2019
    Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited and The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited take no responsibility for the contents of this announcement, make no representation as to its accuracy or completeness and expressly disclaim any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this announcement. (Stock Code of H Shares: 1216) (Stock Code of Preference Shares: 4617) ANNOUNCEMENT OF ANNUAL RESULTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 The board of directors (the “Board”) of Zhongyuan Bank Co., Ltd. (the “Bank”) is pleased to announce the audited consolidated annual results (the “Annual Results”) of the Bank and its subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2019 (the “Reporting Period”) which were prepared in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRSs”). The Board and the audit committee of the Board have reviewed and confirmed the Annual Results. This results announcement is published on the websites of The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (www.hkexnews.hk) and the Bank (www.zybank.com.cn). The annual report for the year ended December 31, 2019 will be despatched to the shareholders of the Bank and will be available on the above websites in due course. On behalf of the Board Zhongyuan Bank Co., Ltd.* DOU Rongxing Chairman Zhengzhou, the People’s Republic of China March 27, 2020 As at the date of this announcement, the Board comprises Mr. DOU Rongxing, Mr. WANG Jiong, Mr. LI Yulin and Mr. WEI Jie as executive directors; Mr. LI Qiaocheng, Mr. LI Xipeng and Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter November 2019 2019.12.01
    Country Garden Holdings Company Limited 碧 桂 园 控 股 有 限 公 司 (2007.HK) Newsletter November 2019 Country Garden Holdings Company Limited(“Country Garden” or the “Company”) together with its subsidiaries,(collectively, the “Group”)(stock code: 2007) is one of China’s leading integrated property developers and a constituent stock of Hang Seng Index. The Group became a constituent stock of MSCI Global Standard Indices on 1 September 2007, Hang Seng Composite Index and Hang Seng Mainland 100 on 10 September 2007, FTSE China 50 Index on 14 September 2016, Hang Seng China(Hong Kong-listed) 25 Index on 12 June 2017, Hang Seng China 50 Index on 5 March 2018 and Hang Seng China Enterprises Index on 17 June 2019. Contracted Sales For the first 10 months of 2019, the Group, together with its joint ventures and associates, achieved contracted sales and contracted sales GFA attributable to owners of the Company amounted to RMB 479.69 billion and 53.66 million square meters(“sqm”), respectively. Geographical breakdown of contracted sales for Product type breakdown of contracted sales for the first 10 months of 2019 (By Attributable Value) the first 10 months of 2019 (By Attributable Value) Parking space & commercial, 6% Low-rise residential, 4% Guizhou, Others*, Guangdong, 3% 23% 22% Guangxi, 4% Jiangsu, 11% Hubei, High-rise residential, 90% 4% Zhejiang, Hunan, 8% 5% Shandong, Anhui, Henan, 6% 7% 7% Note : Others* including Shaanxi, Sichuan, Hebei, Yunnan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hainan, Chongqing, Liaoning, Tianjin, Xinjiang, Gansu, Shanxi, Qinghai, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Ningxia, Beijing, United States, Shanghai, Inner Mongolia, Australia, Jilin, Thailand, Tibet, New Zealand, Indonesia , India and Heilongjiang.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter August 2019 2019.09.02
    Country Garden Holdings Company Limited 碧 桂 园 控 股 有 限 公 司 (2007.HK) Newsletter August 2019 Country Garden Holdings Company Limited(“Country Garden” or the “Company”) together with its subsidiaries,(collectively, the “Group”)(stock code: 2007) is one of China’s leading integrated property developers and a constituent stock of Hang Seng Index. The Group became a constituent stock of MSCI Global Standard Indices on 1 September 2007, Hang Seng Composite Index and Hang Seng Mainland 100 on 10 September 2007, FTSE China 50 Index on 14 September 2016, Hang Seng China(Hong Kong-listed) 25 Index on 12 June 2017, Hang Seng China 50 Index on 5 March 2018 and Hang Seng China Enterprises Index on 17 June 2019. Contracted Sales ◼For the first 7 months of 2019, the Group, together with its joint ventures and associates, achieved contracted sales and contracted sales GFA attributable to owners of the Company amounted to RMB 324.52 billion and 36.06 million square meters(“sqm”), respectively. Geographical breakdown of contracted sales for Product type breakdown of contracted sales for the first 7 months of 2019 (By Attributable Value) the first 7 months of 2019 (By Attributable Value) Parking space & commercial, 7% Low-rise residential, 4% Guizhou, Others*, Guangdong, 3% 22% 22% Guangxi, 4% Jiangsu, Hubei, 12% High-rise residential, 89% 4% Hunan, Zhejiang, 5% 8% Shandong, Anhui, Henan, 6% 7% 7% Note : Others* including Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hebei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hainan, Chongqing, Liaoning, Tianjin, Shanxi, Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Ningxia, Beijing, United States, Shanghai, Inner Mongolia, Australia, Jilin, Thailand, New Zealand, Tibet, Indonesia and Heilongjiang.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2019
    (Incorporated in the Cayman Islands with limited liability) Stock Code: 1638 Annual Report 2019 For identifi cation purposes only CORPORATE OVERVIEW Established in 1999, Kaisa Group Holdings Limited (the “Company” or “Kaisa”, which together with its subsidiaries, is referred to as the “Group”), is a large-scale integrated property developer. The shares of the Company began trading on the Main Board of The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited on 9 December 2009. As a pioneer in the property market of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (the “Greater Bay Area”), Kaisa has anticipated China’s national development strategy and proactively undertaken comprehensive property development, urban redevelopment, operation of commercial properties, hotel management and property management. Its products comprise of residential properties, villas, offices, serviced apartments, integrated commercial buildings and mega urban complexes. Having established its home base in Shenzhen, Kaisa has been expanding its presence in the Greater Bay Area over the years. With footholds in Shenzhen, Guangzhou, Huizhou, Zhuhai, Foshan, Dongguan and Zhongshan, the Group’s businesses also cover the economically vibrant cities in such regions as the Yangtze River Delta, western and central parts of China and the pan-Bohai Rim. As at 31 December 2019, the Group’s land bank in the Greater Bay Area totaled approximately 13.6 million sq.m., or approximately 51% of its total land bank. By virtue of its rich experience in urban redevelopment, the Group has secured many high-quality urban redevelopment projects in the Greater Bay Area, mainly in such cities as Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Zhongshan, which will lay a solid foundation for the Group’s future development.
    [Show full text]
  • Fenoxaprop-P-Ethyl Susceptibility and Mutation Point Detection of Acetyl-Coa
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/549402; this version posted February 13, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 1 Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl Susceptibility and Mutation Point Detection of Acetyl-CoA 2 Carboxylase (ACCase) in Different Wild oat (Avena fatua L.) Populations from 3 China 4 5 Jun-jie Liu†, Liuyang Lu†, Bai-zhong Zhang* Xi-ling Chen* 6 7 Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, People’s Republic of China 8 9 *Corresponding author: Prof. Xiling Chen, Tel: +86-03733040147, E-mail: 10 [email protected], the address of Prof. Chen: Xinxiang Hongqi District, Hualan Road East, 11 postal code: 453003; Dr. Baizhong Zhang, E-mail: [email protected], the address of 12 Dr. Zhang: Xinxiang Hongqi District, Hualan Road East, postal code: 453003. 13 14 †These authors contributed equally to this study. 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/549402; this version posted February 13, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY 4.0 International license. 31 Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl susceptibility and mutation point detection of acetyl-coa 32 carboxylase (ACCase) in different wild oat (Avena fatua L.) populations from 33 China 34 Abstract 35 To explore resistant mechanism of wild oat to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, the susceptibility of 36 Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACCase) from 24 wild oat populations to fenoxaprop-p- 37 ethyl, the level of gene expression, and mutation site of ACCase were conducted.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter July 2019 2019.08.02
    Country Garden Holdings Company Limited 碧桂园控股有限公司(2007.HK) Newsletter July 2019 Country Garden Holdings Company Limited(“Country Garden” or the “Company”) together with its subsidiaries,(collectively, the “Group”)(stock code: 2007) is one of China’s leading integrated property developers and a constituent stock of Hang Seng Index. The Group became a constituent stock of MSCI Global Standard Indices on 1 September 2007, Hang Seng Composite Index and Hang Seng Mainland 100 on 10 September 2007, FTSE China 50 Index on 14 September 2016, Hang Seng China(Hong Kong-listed) 25 Index on 12 June 2017, and Hang Seng China 50 Index on 5 March 2018 and Hang Seng China Enterprises Index on 17 June 2019. Contracted Sales For the first 6 months of 2019, the Group, together with its joint ventures and associates, achieved contracted sales and contracted sales GFA attributable to owners of the Company amounted to RMB 281.95 billion and 31.29million square meters(“sqm”), respectively. Geographical breakdown of contracted sales for Product type breakdown of contracted sales for the first 6 months of 2019 (By Attributable Value) the first 6 months of 2019 (By Attributable Value) Parking space & commercial, 7% Low-rise residential, 4% Guizhou, Others*, Guangdong, 3% 23% 22% Hubei, Jiangsu, 4% 12% Guangxi, High-rise residential, 89% 4% Hunan, Anhui, 8% 5% Shandong, Henan, Zhejiang, 7% 6% 6% Note : Others* including Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Hebei, Jiangxi, Fujian, Chongqing, Hainan, Liaoning, Tianjin, Shanxi, Hong Kong, Gansu, Qinghai, Xinjiang, Malaysia, Ningxia, America, Shanghai, Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Australia, Jilin, Thailand, New Zealand, Indonesia, Tibet and Heilongjiang.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Review on the Spread of Chinese Martial Arts in Northern Europe
    2018 4th International Conference on Innovative Development of E-commerce and Logistics (ICIDEL 2018) Historical Review on the Spread of Chinese Martial Arts in Northern Europe Xiaoxue Liu1, Yanfen Zhang2, and Xuezhi Ma3 1Department of Physical Education, China University of Geosciences, Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, P. R. China 2Department of Life Sciences, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang Henan Province, Eastern Section of Hua Lan Road, Hongqi District, Xinxiang City, Henan, China 3Beijing Sport University Wushu School, information road, Haidian District, Beijing, China [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: Chinese Martial Arts, Northern Europe, Cultural Integration, Acceptance, Spread Abstract: With literature data method and survey method, this paper studies the historical review on the spread of Chinese martial arts in northern Europe. Chinese martial arts is a national traditional sport. Therefore, the spread of Chinese martial arts in northern Europe is a continuation of the development of other traditional projects in the Nordic region which shows pluralism on introduction and development. The process of the spread of Chinese martial arts in northern Europe contains a process in which Chinese martial arts like other traditional sports have gradually been accepted and recognized by Nordic society. 1. Introduction The history of spread of Chinese martial arts in northern Europe has a close relationship with globalization as well as social politics and economic environment of China. Besides, it is closely associated with the influence of China as a main communication subject on northern Europe (Xu Zhiwei, 1991). Therefore, if we want to analyze and explain the historical evolution of the spread of Chinese martial arts in northern Europe, we must have a review of the development process of modern Chinese martial arts and its spreading history in northern Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • Sanctioned Entities Name of Firm & Address Date of Imposition of Sanction Sanction Imposed Grounds China Railway Constructio
    Sanctioned Entities Name of Firm & Address Date of Imposition of Sanction Sanction Imposed Grounds China Railway Construction Corporation Limited Procurement Guidelines, (中国铁建股份有限公司)*38 March 4, 2020 - March 3, 2022 Conditional Non-debarment 1.16(a)(ii) No. 40, Fuxing Road, Beijing 100855, China China Railway 23rd Bureau Group Co., Ltd. Procurement Guidelines, (中铁二十三局集团有限公司)*38 March 4, 2020 - March 3, 2022 Conditional Non-debarment 1.16(a)(ii) No. 40, Fuxing Road, Beijing 100855, China China Railway Construction Corporation (International) Limited Procurement Guidelines, March 4, 2020 - March 3, 2022 Conditional Non-debarment (中国铁建国际集团有限公司)*38 1.16(a)(ii) No. 40, Fuxing Road, Beijing 100855, China *38 This sanction is the result of a Settlement Agreement. China Railway Construction Corporation Ltd. (“CRCC”) and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, China Railway 23rd Bureau Group Co., Ltd. (“CR23”) and China Railway Construction Corporation (International) Limited (“CRCC International”), are debarred for 9 months, to be followed by a 24- month period of conditional non-debarment. This period of sanction extends to all affiliates that CRCC, CR23, and/or CRCC International directly or indirectly control, with the exception of China Railway 20th Bureau Group Co. and its controlled affiliates, which are exempted. If, at the end of the period of sanction, CRCC, CR23, CRCC International, and their affiliates have (a) met the corporate compliance conditions to the satisfaction of the Bank’s Integrity Compliance Officer (ICO); (b) fully cooperated with the Bank; and (c) otherwise complied fully with the terms and conditions of the Settlement Agreement, then they will be released from conditional non-debarment. If they do not meet these obligations by the end of the period of sanction, their conditional non-debarment will automatically convert to debarment with conditional release until the obligations are met.
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 ANNUAL REPORT Chapter 1 Corporate Information
    Content Corporate Information 2 Financial Summary 8 Chairman’s Statement 11 President’s Statement 13 Management Discussion and Analysis 16 Changes in Share Capital and Information on Shareholders 79 Directors, Supervisors, Senior Management, Employees and Institutions 89 Corporate Governance Report 114 Report of the Board of Directors 149 Report of the Board of Supervisors 161 Important Events 165 Independent Auditor’s Report 169 Unaudited Supplementary Financial Information 354 Definitions 358 Chapter 1 Corporate Information 1. Basic Corporate Profile Legal Name of the Company 中原銀行股份有限公司1 (abbreviated as 中原銀行) English Name of the Company ZHONGYUAN BANK CO., LTD.1 (abbreviated as ZYBANK) Registered Office Zhongke Golden Tower, No. 23 Shangwu Waihuan Road, Zhengdong New District CBD, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, the PRC Headquarters in China Zhongke Golden Tower, No. 23 Shangwu Waihuan Road, Zhengdong New District CBD, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, the PRC Principal Business Place in Hong Kong 40/F, Sunlight Tower, 248 Queen’s Road East, Wanchai, Hong Kong Board of Directors Executive Directors: Mr. DOU Rongxing (Chairman) Mr. WANG Jiong Mr. LI Yulin Mr. WEI Jie Non-Executive Directors: Mr. LI Qiaocheng Mr. LI Xipeng Mr. MI Hongjun 1 Zhongyuan Bank Co., Ltd. is not an authorized institution within the meaning of the Banking Ordinance (Chapter 155 of the Laws of Hong Kong), not subject to the supervision of the Hong Kong Monetary Authority, and not authorized to carry on banking/deposit-taking business in Hong Kong 2 ZHONGYUAN BANK CO., LTD. 2019 ANNUAL REPORT Chapter 1 Corporate Information Independent non-executive Directors: Ms. PANG Hong Mr. LI Hongchang Mr. JIA Tingyu Mr.
    [Show full text]