Historical Study on the Relation Between Ancient Chinese Cuju and Modern Football
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From Custom to Code. a Sociological Interpretation of the Making of Association Football
From Custom to Code From Custom to Code A Sociological Interpretation of the Making of Association Football Dominik Döllinger Dissertation presented at Uppsala University to be publicly examined in Humanistiska teatern, Engelska parken, Uppsala, Tuesday, 7 September 2021 at 13:15 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The examination will be conducted in English. Faculty examiner: Associate Professor Patrick McGovern (London School of Economics). Abstract Döllinger, D. 2021. From Custom to Code. A Sociological Interpretation of the Making of Association Football. 167 pp. Uppsala: Department of Sociology, Uppsala University. ISBN 978-91-506-2879-1. The present study is a sociological interpretation of the emergence of modern football between 1733 and 1864. It focuses on the decades leading up to the foundation of the Football Association in 1863 and observes how folk football gradually develops into a new form which expresses itself in written codes, clubs and associations. In order to uncover this transformation, I have collected and analyzed local and national newspaper reports about football playing which had been published between 1733 and 1864. I find that folk football customs, despite their great local variety, deserve a more thorough sociological interpretation, as they were highly emotional acts of collective self-affirmation and protest. At the same time, the data shows that folk and early association football were indeed distinct insofar as the latter explicitly opposed the evocation of passions, antagonistic tensions and collective effervescence which had been at the heart of the folk version. Keywords: historical sociology, football, custom, culture, community Dominik Döllinger, Department of Sociology, Box 624, Uppsala University, SE-75126 Uppsala, Sweden. -
The Textiles of the Han Dynasty & Their Relationship with Society
The Textiles of the Han Dynasty & Their Relationship with Society Heather Langford Theses submitted for the degree of Master of Arts Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Centre of Asian Studies University of Adelaide May 2009 ii Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the research requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Centre of Asian Studies School of Humanities and Social Sciences Adelaide University 2009 iii Table of Contents 1. Introduction.........................................................................................1 1.1. Literature Review..............................................................................13 1.2. Chapter summary ..............................................................................17 1.3. Conclusion ........................................................................................19 2. Background .......................................................................................20 2.1. Pre Han History.................................................................................20 2.2. Qin Dynasty ......................................................................................24 2.3. The Han Dynasty...............................................................................25 2.3.1. Trade with the West............................................................................. 30 2.4. Conclusion ........................................................................................32 3. Textiles and Technology....................................................................33 -
Agorapicbk-15.Pdf
Excavations of the Athenian Agora Picture Book No. 1s Prepared by Fred S. Kleiner Photographs by Eugene Vanderpool, Jr. Produced by The Meriden Gravure Company, Meriden, Connecticut Cover design: Coins of Gela, L. Farsuleius Mensor, and Probus Title page: Athena on a coin of Roman Athens Greek and Roman Coins in the Athenian Agora AMERICAN SCHOOL OF CLASSICAL STUDIES AT ATHENS PRINCETON, NEW JERSEY 1975 1. The Agora in the 5th century B.C. HAMMER - PUNCH ~ u= REVERSE DIE FLAN - - OBVERSE - DIE ANVIL - 2. Ancient method of minting coins. Designs were cut into two dies and hammered into a flan to produce a coin. THEATHENIAN AGORA has been more or less continuously inhabited from prehistoric times until the present day. During the American excava- tions over 75,000 coins have been found, dating from the 6th century B.c., when coins were first used in Attica, to the 20th century after Christ. These coins provide a record of the kind of money used in the Athenian market place throughout the ages. Much of this money is Athenian, but the far-flung commercial and political contacts of Athens brought all kinds of foreign currency into the area. Other Greek cities as well as the Romans, Byzantines, Franks, Venetians, and Turks have left their coins behind for the modern excavators to discover. Most of the coins found in the excavations were lost and never recovered-stamped into the earth floor of the Agora, or dropped in wells, drains, or cisterns. Consequently, almost all the Agora coins are small change bronze or copper pieces. -
Sports and Games in the Middle Ages
Sports and Games in the Middle Ages Medieval sport was an exciting spectator event and, much like today, it drew large crowds. Most sports were enjoyed on Sundays and on feast days when folk did not have to work and were free to pursue leisure activities. Many of the popular sports played in the Middle Ages are the predecessors of modern sports. Football One early form of football, first described in a twelfth- century account of London, was a combination of football and rugby and involved carrying the ball into the goal. Another, ‘camp-ball’, was played in a large open field, sometimes several miles long, and by an unlimited number of players. Neighbouring villages might take each other on and riots could ensue. Handball, golf and hockey evolved from this game. At this time balls were made of leather and stuffed with either cloth or straw; or pig bladders filled with dried peas were used. Early forms of football have been played since medieval times. Bowling Bowling was greatly enjoyed in medieval times. There were various forms of the game. Some were like skittles whilst others were similar to boules or petanque. It is thought that marbles was a mini form of bowls developed especially for children. Other Sports Caich was a game resembling modern-day racquetball. Players would bounce a ball against a wall using a pole or bat. However, as caich required a specialized ball it was only played in urban settings by people of at least moderate economic standing. Ice skating was a popular winter pastime. -
The Evolution of Hospitals from Antiquity to the Renaissance
Acta Theologica Supplementum 7 2005 THE EVOLUTION OF HOSPITALS FROM ANTIQUITY TO THE RENAISSANCE ABSTRACT There is some evidence that a kind of hospital already existed towards the end of the 2nd millennium BC in ancient Mesopotamia. In India the monastic system created by the Buddhist religion led to institutionalised health care facilities as early as the 5th century BC, and with the spread of Buddhism to the east, nursing facilities, the nature and function of which are not known to us, also appeared in Sri Lanka, China and South East Asia. One would expect to find the origin of the hospital in the modern sense of the word in Greece, the birthplace of rational medicine in the 4th century BC, but the Hippocratic doctors paid house-calls, and the temples of Asclepius were vi- sited for incubation sleep and magico-religious treatment. In Roman times the military and slave hospitals were built for a specialised group and not for the public, and were therefore not precursors of the modern hospital. It is to the Christians that one must turn for the origin of the modern hospital. Hospices, originally called xenodochia, ini- tially built to shelter pilgrims and messengers between various bishops, were under Christian control developed into hospitals in the modern sense of the word. In Rome itself, the first hospital was built in the 4th century AD by a wealthy penitent widow, Fabiola. In the early Middle Ages (6th to 10th century), under the influence of the Be- nedictine Order, an infirmary became an established part of every monastery. -
Eficácia Defensiva Nos Lances De Bola Parada No Futebol. Defesa À Zona Vs Defesa Individual E Mista
Eficácia defensiva nos lances de bola parada no futebol. Defesa à zona vs defesa individual e mista. Estudo realizado no Campeonato da Europa de 2008. Manuel Batista Casanova Porto, 2009 Eficácia defensiva nos lances de bola parada no futebol. Defesa à zona vs defesa individual e mista. Estudo realizado no Campeonato da Europa de 2008. Monografia realizada no âmbito da disciplina de Seminário do 5º ano da licenciatura em Desporto e Educação Física, na área de Alto Rendimento – Futebol, da Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto Orientador: Prof. Doutor Júlio Garganta Manuel Batista Casanova Porto, 2009 Casanova, M. (2009). Eficácia defensiva nos lances de bola parada no futebol. Defesa à zona vs defesa individual e mista. Estudo realizado no Campeonato da Europa de 2008. Monografia de licenciatura apresentada à Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto. PALAVRAS – CHAVE: FUTEBOL, OBSERVAÇÃO E ANÁLISE DE JOGO, LANCES DE BOLA PARADA, DEFESA À ZONA. Agradecimentos AGRADECIMENTOS Ao Professor Júlio Garganta, pela simplicidade de processos, pela pertinência das suas questões, e por nunca me ter dado as respostas mas sim o caminho indicado para as encontrar. Foi o Professor o fio condutor deste trabalho. Ao Professor Vítor Frade por ter incutido em mim a paixão pelo futebol. Nunca esquecerei as suas aulas fantásticas. Ao Daniel Barreira pela sua disponibilidade na cedência dos jogos, sem a sua ajuda nada disto seria possível. Aos meus pais por terem apoiado sempre as minhas escolhas e por serem os grandes “arquitectos” daquilo que eu sou hoje em dia. Aos meus irmãos pelas “discussões que nos enriquecem e pelas brincadeiras que nos unem”. -
Archaeological Perspectives on the Early Relations of the Korean Peninsula with the Eurasian Steppe
SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS Number 301 May, 2020 Archaeological Perspectives on the Early Relations of the Korean Peninsula with the Eurasian Steppe by Kang, In Uk Victor H. Mair, Editor Sino-Platonic Papers Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104-6305 USA [email protected] www.sino-platonic.org SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS FOUNDED 1986 Editor-in-Chief VICTOR H. MAIR Associate Editors PAULA ROBERTS MARK SWOFFORD ISSN 2157-9679 (print) 2157-9687 (online) SINO-PLATONIC PAPERS is an occasional series dedicated to making available to specialists and the interested public the results of research that, because of its unconventional or controversial nature, might otherwise go unpublished. The editor-in-chief actively encourages younger, not yet well established scholars and independent authors to submit manuscripts for consideration. Contributions in any of the major scholarly languages of the world, including romanized modern standard Mandarin and Japanese, are acceptable. In special circumstances, papers written in one of the Sinitic topolects (fangyan) may be considered for publication. Although the chief focus of Sino-Platonic Papers is on the intercultural relations of China with other peoples, challenging and creative studies on a wide variety of philological subjects will be entertained. This series is not the place for safe, sober, and stodgy presentations. Sino-Platonic Papers prefers lively work that, while taking reasonable risks to advance the field, capitalizes on brilliant new insights into the development of civilization. Submissions are regularly sent out for peer review, and extensive editorial suggestions for revision may be offered. Sino-Platonic Papers emphasizes substance over form. -
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RSC Advances View Article Online PAPER View Journal | View Issue Panax notoginseng saponins radiosensitize colorectal cancer cells by regulating the SNHG6/ Cite this: RSC Adv.,2019,9,38558 miR-137 axis Caihui Xu,a Teng Liu,b Haiyan Liu,a Gongbin Chena and Yinmou Guo *a Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) have recently attracted great attention for their anti-cancer activity in colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to explore the functional role and underlying mechanisms of PNS on CRC radiosensitivity. Cell viability was assessed by a Cell Counting kit-8 assay. Cell survival and apoptosis were determined using colony formation assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to quantify the levels of SNHG6 and miR-137. The targeted correlation between SNHG6 and miR-137 was validated by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Our data supported that PNS weakened the viability of CRC cells. Moreover, PNS promoted the radiosensitivity of CRC cells. Mechanistically, PNS enhanced CRC cell radiosensitivity Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence. by upregulating SNHG6. SNHG6 directly targeted miR-137 and inhibited miR-137 expression. MiR-137 Received 20th September 2019 was involved in the regulatory effect of SNHG6 on CRC cell radiosensitivity. Furthermore, PNS increased Accepted 11th November 2019 miR-137 expression through SNHG6 in CRC cells. Our study suggested that PNS promoted DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07622k radiosensitivity in CRC cells at least partly through regulating the SNHG6/miR-137 axis, providing a novel rsc.li/rsc-advances understanding of the anti-cancer mechanism of PNS in CRC. -
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Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 275 2nd International Conference on Education Innovation and Social Science (ICEISS 2018) Analysis of the Children's Picture Book as the Carrier to Inherit the Spirit of Yimeng —Taking the Phoenix Bird Worship in Dongyi Culture as an Example Xu Ping Zaozhuang Institute Abstract—The Yimeng spirit is a cultural and spiritual trait open and compatible theoretical characteristics and powerful formed by the fusion of Chinese traditional culture, practical functions [1]. revolutionary culture and socialist culture. In contemporary society that practices the core values of socialism, it is necessary On December 12, 1989, Li Xiangdong published an article to strive to inherit and develop the spirit of Yimeng and enhance entitled "Playing the Advantages of the Old District and cultural self-confidence. This paper takes children's picture Promoting the Spirit of the Yimeng" in the "Linyi People's books as a carrier to inherit the spirit of Yimeng, takes the Daily". This is the first proposal of the concept of "Yimeng worship of phoenix birds in Dongyi culture as an example, and Spirit". On February 2, 1990, when Comrade Jiang Chunyun points out that the creation of children's picture books is a visited the Yimeng area, he summarized the spirit of Yimeng reflection of the integration of Chinese excellent traditional as the core idea of "Love the Party, Love the Army, culture into the education. This is extremely important for Entrepreneur, Entrepreneurship, Selfless Dedication". In June children's ideological quality, aesthetic experience and national 1990, Chen Jianguang published a research paper entitled feelings. -
Incentives in China's Reformation of the Sports Industry
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Keck Graduate Institute Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont CMC Senior Theses CMC Student Scholarship 2017 Tapping the Potential of Sports: Incentives in China’s Reformation of the Sports Industry Yu Fu Claremont McKenna College Recommended Citation Fu, Yu, "Tapping the Potential of Sports: Incentives in China’s Reformation of the Sports Industry" (2017). CMC Senior Theses. 1609. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1609 This Open Access Senior Thesis is brought to you by Scholarship@Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in this collection by an authorized administrator. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Claremont McKenna College Tapping the Potential of Sports: Incentives in China’s Reformation of the Sports Industry Submitted to Professor Minxin Pei by Yu Fu for Senior Thesis Spring 2017 April 24, 2017 2 Abstract Since the 2010s, China’s sports industry has undergone comprehensive reforms. This paper attempts to understand this change of direction from the central state’s perspective. By examining the dynamics of the basketball and soccer markets, it discovers that while the deregulation of basketball is a result of persistent bottom-up effort from the private sector, the recentralization of soccer is a state-led policy change. Notwithstanding the different nature and routes between these reforms, in both sectors, the state’s aim is to restore and strengthen its legitimacy within the society. Amidst China’s economic stagnation, the regime hopes to identify sectors that can drive sustainable growth, and to make adjustments to its bureaucracy as a way to respond to the society’s mounting demand for political modernization. -
Provenance of the Zhou Dynasty Bronze Vessels Unearthed from Zongyang County, Anhui Province, China: Determined by Lead Isotopes and Trace Elements
Provenance of the Zhou Dynasty Bronze Vessels Unearthed from Zongyang County, Anhui Province, China: Determined by Lead Isotopes and Trace Elements Yanjie Wang ( [email protected] ) Anhui University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-5464 Guofeng Wei Anhui University Qiang Li Anhui University Xiaoping Zheng Wenzhou Party Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology Danchun Wang Anhui Museum Research Article Keywords: Bronze vessels, Mining and smelting, Lead isotopes, Trace elements, Provenance Posted Date: June 17th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-176870/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published at Heritage Science on August 20th, 2021. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-021-00566-5. Page 1/20 Abstract Thirteen Zhou Dynasty bronze vessels and two slags from Zongyang County along the north bank of the Yangtze River in Anhui were analyzed by LA-MC-ICP-MS and EDXRF. The results of the lead isotope analysis showed that there were two kinds of lead materials in the Zongyang bronzes. Class which could have originated from the Wannan region were mainly used in the Western Zhou and the following Spring and Autumn periods; while Class , possibly from the local mines in Zongyang County, were mainly present in the Warring States period. Such a shift in the ore material sources is also revealed by the analysis of the trace elements of the Zongyang bronzes. With reference to relevant historical documents, it can be inferred that the transformation of the bronze material sources could be related to the changes of the political situation during the Zhou Dynasty. -
Flag Football Rules
Flag Football Rules Divisions Men’s and Women’s Leagues are offered Sub divisions may be created upon need of skill level 1. Team Requirements 1.1 A team shall consist of seven players. A team can play with a minimum of 6 players. 1.2 The offensive team must have 4 players within 1 yard of the line of scrimmage at the time of the snap. 1.3 All players must have checked in with the scorekeeper and be recorded on the game sheet before they are allowed to participate. 1.4 Substitutions are allowed between plays and during time-outs. 1.5 All games shall be played on the date and hour scheduled. BE ON TIME. 2. Equipment and Facilities 2.1 All players must wear shoes. 2.2 Rubber cleated shoes will be allowed. No metal screw-in cleats, open toe, open heel or hard soled shoes will be allowed. 2.3 Each player must wear pants or shorts without any belt(s), belt loop(s), pockets(s) or exposed drawstrings. A player may turn his/her shorts inside-out or tape his/her pockets in order to play. 2.4 All jewelry must be removed before participating. 2.5 Towels may not be worn, a towel may be kept behind the play. 2.6 Equipment such as helmets, billed hats, pads or braces worn above the waist, leg and knee braces made of hard, unyielding substances, or casts is strictly prohibited. Knee braces made of hard, unyielding substances covered on both sideswith all edges overlapped and any other hard substances covered with at least 2 inch of slow recovery rubber or similar material will be allowed.