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QUOTABLE QUOTE

"It shattered corn - munities; there is no community that didn't have families disrupted by TB."

- Curator Patricia A. McCormack

See Page 12

- January 17 January 31, 1994 Canada's National Aboriginal News Publication Volume I I No. 22 S1 .00 plus G.S.T. where applicable

Don't follow the leader Leah Pagett She's likely to fall over! Missy Derocher,11, leads a line of friends including Chrisy Landry, 9, Betty Boake, 7, and Larina Boake, 9. The Edmonton group were celebrating winter by clowning around in the white stuff that blankets most of Canada right now. r 1 To receive Windspeaker in your mailbox every two weeks, just send your cheque or money order Davis Inlet still home to despair in the amount of$28 (G.S.T. DAVIS INLET, Nfld. included) to: Rich said she and Innu Na- Irwin has also said the proposed counselling program for adults. tion President Peter Penashue site needs further study. Since then, many of the WINDSPEAKER Its been one year since the met with Indian Affairs Minis- But 1 relocating the village is adults in the community iron . ., world first saw have videotape of ter Ron Irwin Dec. 22, at which only one of several problems stopped drinking, Rich said. But ED ERTA Innu children in the remote vil- time the minister promised to facing the community. Last the children not lage are receiving of Davis Inlet high on gaso- move the beleaguered commu- week, Rich reported that 17 of the help need. line fumes they Before screaming about a nity of 500 to the mainland. the 18 children airlifted to an Christmas, only about six of the secret suicide pact. NM But Indian Affairs spokes- addiction treatment centre in 18 were sniffing. And since then, the commu- man Brad Morse reported that Alberta for solvent nity's addiction The attempted suicide rate situation has grown Irwin only said he supported therapy have returned to their has also jumped over the past worse, Chief Katie Rich ADC said. the idea and that the minister old gasoline -sniffing habits. year from 4.5 to 12.5 per month The suicide rate is three times will not go to Cabinet to ask for Half a dozen youths, some and crime is on the rise. higher, vandalism is rampant the needed funds until he has an as young as four, were discov- and Innu Twelve Innu prisoners who leaders are no closer idea of how much it could cost. ered last January high on gaso- escaped from police CITI to moving the custody village to the "He doesn't have the money line fumes and screaming about during a against mainland than they demonstration were at this in his pocket, he doesn't have a suicide pact by tribal police. A Provincial Court Justice Robert time last year. the money in his department," total of 18 children were flown Hyslop in December had to be POs Rich met with Indian Affairs Morse said. to Poundmaker's Lodge near arrested at the chief's request in and justice ministry officials Jan. The department also has to Edmonton, Alberta last Febru- the New Year. 8 to discuss the village's reloca- undertake an environmental ary. Health and Welfare Canada A small contingent of RCMP tion and policing situation. ill Ne- impact assessment of the Sango picked up the $1.7 million price arrived in the Jan. 3 gotiations to move community the commu- Bay site before it can approve tag for the six months of solvent and arrested the 12. nity from its current island loca- the move, he said. addiction treatment and sexual Several Innu leaders, includ- $40 pions tion to the mainland have been Newfoundland Premier assault therapy. ing Rich, presented Hyslop with la going on a full year, but the Clyde Wells has long opposed Counsellors from the Nechi a letter condemning his court village is no closer to their pre - lan 17/94 the Sango Bay site, saying it Institute also travelled to the vil- hearings in the village ferred site at and asked L J Sango Bay, 15 kilo- would only move the Innu 's so- lage, 330 kilometres north of him to leave. PUBLICATION metres away, she said. cial a MAIL REGISTRATION #2177 problems to new location. Goose Bay, to start an addiction See protest, Page II. PAGE 2, JANUARY 17 - JANUARY 3 I, 1994, WINDSPEAKER News Peace Hills beats national banks Arts & Entertainment... 9,10 in bid to manage treaty funds Business 8 g y By D.B. Smith with other bands in Canada." The first mandate of the Careers 11 Windspeaker Staff Writer Most of Canada's other agreement is to replace the land banking and lending institutions and bring it up to reserve status, Drew Hayden Taylor... 7 solicited the settlement bands Hannay said. HOBBEMA, Alta. heavily, he said. But many of the "They must buy the short- News 1,2,3,11, R1,3 bands chose the Native trust fall acres and get the land to A Native -owned trust com- company because the First Na- reserve status. Once they've pany in Alberta defeated sev- tions have historically been ill - reached the short -fall, additional Sports R4,5 eral national banks in a contest served by the non -Native banks. funds could be used for other to administer treaty land enti- "Our familiarity with the economic development." Your Opinion 5 tlement funds in Saskatchewan. market really made them more Between $40 and $50 'mil- Peace Hills Trust grabbed comfortable." lion will be distributed this year, 75 per cent of the $450 million Peace Hills Trust, which was he said. Each band was required offered to 25 bands in Saskatch- incorporated by the oil -rich to name a financial administra- ewan through a 1992 treaty land Samson Cree Nation in central tor prior to the ratification of the SHOWCASE entitlement deal with Ottawa Alberta in 1980, had been watch- deal and the receipt of any funds. and the province. ing the treaty land entitlement Once all the short -fall lands Silent Tongue, a movie And the trust company did negotiations for years and was have been purchased, bands will featuring Tantoo Cardi- so without asking for the busi- "very familiar with what was be allowed to use any additional ness. funds for other nal, Sheila Tousey and going on," Hannay said. economic devel- "We were invited," presi- The deal provides thebands opment. Jeri Arredondo, gives dent Warren Hannay said. "We with funds over a 12 -year pe- Peace Hills Trust's newest Native actresses a never solicited any of them. We riod to purchase "short- fall " acre - branch, which opened last No- chance to show off their were very careful. We've been age owed to them from past vember, is located on the Muskeg talents. Windspeaker Warren Hannay doing business for over 10 years treaty negotiations. Lake Reserve near Saskatoon. ContributorJosieAuger reviewed the film, due out in February, while in Law student angered by court treatment San Francisco at the into a conversation be- proud of himself." American Indian Film By D.B. Smith student jumped Windspeaker Staff Writer tween Todd, his client and a government But Dion denied she caused a distur- Festival. official over a golf course development bance by knocking over any tables or throw- See Page 10. near Drumheller when she thought she ing objects. Dion said she was in fact physi- EDMONTON overheard racist remarks about Natives. cally restrained, manacled, punched in the SEARCHING "His tone was racist," Dion said. "I wish stomach and taken out to the patrol car by A Native law student who butted into I'd never spoken to them. But once I'd the two officers. At one point, she said she a conversation between a lawyer and two spoken to them, I felt I had to make my accidentally bit a police officer when he What constitutes an other people when she thought she heard point." shoved his hand into her mouth, making it Elder? Freelance writer racial slurs does not think she had her day Dion asked the three if they were going hard for her to breathe. Penny Gummerson in court. to steal or develop Indian land. Todd told "I was terrified. I really thought they stalks the trail of Nancy Dion was given a conditional her in return that she should examine her had gone amok. I thought they would take discharge by provincial Justice Percy own Native culture if she were looking for me some place and kill me....They were not Elderhood in British Marshall Dec. 22 after he found her guilty of examples of savagery and brutality. acting like police. There was no harm in Columbia, uncovering a assaulting a police officer and causing a At that point, Dion threatened to slap fighting. I was afraid. I was fighting what I variety of categories for public disturbance in an Edmonton restau- Todd if he said one more word, and asked a thought were two crazy people." Elders. rant last February. restaurant employee to takedownhis name. Dion went rigid to prevent them from "I'm angry,' she said. "I'm at The See Page R2. surprised employee asked Dion to leave. putting her inside the car, but once in, she how racist the justice system is. The police When she refused, the employee called for continued to swear and struggle. were believed and they were brutal. But a security guard and then the police. The police later found a diary in Dion's none of that is important. It happens all the When the two officers arrived and handbag which was used in court to assert time." began to question her, the younger of the she was depressed. 'The 44- year -old Metis, who will not two appeared to want a confrontation, she "But that's simply not the case," she said. AD DEADLINES have a criminal record, was sentenced to 40 said. When she refused to give her name, Dion's lawyer, Kirk MacDonald, said hours of community service and nine the officer began to push her around the the police had the legal grounds to searchhis The Advertising months probation because Percy felt she restaurant. client's purse and read the diary. deadline for the was "the author of her own misfortune." The police report said Dion began to "The officer, given her behavior, had the Dion was arrested and charged after swear at the officers, throw it." January 31st issue is sugar and over- right to do she got into an argument with lawyer Doug- turn tables. MacDonald is currently searching the Thursday, las Todd at a Humpty's restaurant last Feb. "I probably did swear," she said. judge's decision for grounds to appeal. January 20, 1994 22. "They knocked me around from table to Although angry with the ruling, Dion The University of Alberta first -year law table. The younger policeman seemed said she has not decided if she will appeal.

Quebec judge to use circle the organization of the first Nunavut government and the a casino as a means of making money. Although the A Quebec provincial court judge is using an uncom- design and funding of training programs. The commis- band is divided on the gambling issue, Chief Robert mon method to determine the sentence of an Inuk sion will also devise a process for the first election, select Louie said he will conduct a four -month feasibility offender. Judge Jean Dutil will use a sentencing circle a site for the capital and determine infrastructure needs study on the profitability of an on- reserve casino. Some in the case of Jusipi Naappaluk, who was sent to jail in and a construction schedule. The commission was estab- band members favor the casino for the jobs it will create the South three times for assaulting his wife Kullutu lished under part III of the Nunavut Act, which received but others are worried about the negative impacts of Naappaluk. Jusipi told the court he had assaulted his Royal Assent in Parliament in June 1993. gambling. Louie is not, however, concerned about the wife more than 50 times. When he pleaded guilty to provincial or federal government's stand because the the charge last January, Dutil decided to use the Bands need park access to survive W estb ank have the inherent right to setup gambling on unorthodox sentencing system. The circle, scheduled A chief in Ontario is refusing to back down on a tenta- the reserve, he said. to meet in the second week of January, was to include tive agreement with the province allowing Natives Jusipi, his wife, their families, Elders, lawyers for the access by floatplane and motorboat to a third of Quetico Natives want inquiry into beating death victim and the defendant, and other community mem- Provintial Park, 120 kilometres west of Thunder Bay. B.C. Sto:lo Nation Chief Steven Point is one of several bers. Lac La Croix Chief Leon Jourdain is fighting with local Natives in that province demanding an inquiry into the environmentalists over a draft agreement between the Crown's handling of the beating death of Gary Northern board appointed band and the province that will allow band members to Thompson in Vancouver in 1991. Thompson was beaten Indian Affairs Minister Ron Irwin announced the ap- travel into the park on certain lakes by next spring. The to death over a 40- minute period, during which time pointment of the members of the Nunavut Implemen- environmental group Friends of Quetico, along with his head was smashed repeatedly with a concrete tationboard late lastmonth.ChairmanJohnAmagoalik other naturalist groups, have lobbied to stop motor- block. The Sto:lo chief said the prosecution planned to will lead the nine board members in advising the boat and floatplane use within the 4,700- square -kilo- try Thompson's killers on second -degree murder but government of Canada, the government of the North- metre park. Jourdain said the band needs access to accepted a guilty plea on reduced charges of man- west Territories and the Nunavut Tunngavik on the survive economically and refused to bow to pressure slaughter and aggravated assault. Thomas Eneas was establishment of the Nunavut territory. Issues that the from the environmentalists. sentenced to a year in jail for manslaughter. Troy NIC will study and provide recommendations on will Williams got nine months for aggravated assault. include the timetable for the Nunavut government to B.C. nation considers casino Charges on a third man were dropped when he co- assume responsibility for the of services, The Westbank First development Nation near Kelowna is considering operated with police. . WINDSPEAKER, JANUARY 17 - JANUARY 31, 1994, PAGE 3 -- News NAFTA sparks bloody clashes in Mexico

OTTAWA The government appeared to have the situation under control Canadian Native leaders are "The rights of Indigenous peoples in Canada until a car bomb exploded in planning to travel to an embit- downtown Mexico City Jan. 8, in- tered war zone in southernMexico are also potentially threatened by NAFTA. I juring five more people. The in support of an Indigenous upris- raised the matter with the prime minister to Zapatistas had vowed on the first ing against the North American day of the uprising to bring the Free Trade Agreement. ensure that no legislation contrary to our rights violence to the capital. Assembly of First Nations be modified or passed in Canada as a result of Other bombs went off at a Grand Chief Ovide Mercredi military base near the city later hopes to pressure the Mexican NAFTA." that night. A grenade was also government into dealing with the thrown at a Mexican government "Indian situation and to encour- building in Acapulco that same age them to resolve the issue - Ovide Mercredi day. throughout negotiations." The Zapatistas took responsi- Mercredi and four colleagues bility for all the attacks. yet to be named plan to leave for Indigenous peoples. Most of the guerrillas, who people had been killed. The AFN is not surprised at the Chiapas region in southern The Mayans are fighting wear black and red uniforms and Army officials reported 24 the extent of the uprising,Mercredi Mexico within the next few weeks. against a government and corpo- bandanas, are Tzotzil or Tzeltal Zapatistas and five government said. Constitutional laws protect- The grand chief also called on rate agenda in which they have no Indianswhohavebanded together troops had been killed during a ing the Mayan land rights were Prime Minister Jean Chrétien to say, Phil Fontaine said. They are as the Zapatista National Libera- gun battle at a military base near repealed to pass NAFTA, which telephone Mexican president also fighting against genocide, tion Army. The rebels say they San Cristobal. The other 26, in- in part explains the root cause of Carlos Salinas de Gortari to voice poverty and encroachment on oppose the free trade agreement cluding 22 state and local police all the violence. Canada's concerns as a NAFTA their traditional lands. between Mexico, Canada and the officers, were killed when the 'The rights of Indigenous peo- participant. "These are the same thing we United Statesbecauseitrepresents Mayans took control of the four ples in Canada are also potentially The conflict was obviously as are fighting for." an injustice to Mexico's Indigenous towns around San Cristobal. threatened by NAFTA," he said. "I a result of the frustration of the The uprising in and around peoples. Heavy fighting around the east- raised the matter with the prime Mayan people for their total aban- San Cristobal de las Casas in south- The insurrection began on the ern city of Ocosingo on Jan. 3 minister to ensure that no legisla- donmentbytheauthoritiesinfavor ernMexico erupted Jan. 1 when an first day NAFTA was imple- claimed the lives of as many as 50 tion contrary to our rights be modi- of local landlords' interests, abuse estimated 600 to 1,500 Mayan In- mented as Zapatista soldiers, led more guerrillas. . fied or passed in Canada as a re- and discrimination, the AFN dians seized control of the resort by a man known only as The rebels retreated into the sult of NAFTA." leader said. city and several neighboring Commandante Marcos, fought hills the next day after the govern- While they support the rights The head of the Assembly of towns, sparking heavy clashes with government troops along a ment brought in helicopters and of Mexico's Indigenous peoples, Manitoba Chiefs denounced use with government troops and po- stretch of highway outside San other military aircraft armed with both Mercredi and Fontaine de- of military force against Mexico's lice. Cristobal. By sundown Jan. 2, 55 rockets and machine -guns. nounced the use of violence. Saskatchewan Natives get say over logging

Agreement The agreementwill allow Natives from where harvesting is done, where roads are test group Protectors of Mother Earth Sod - the communities of Waterhen, Canoe Lake, built, the method of harvesting and refor- ety. They blockaded a logging road in the allows communities Dillon, Buffalo Narrows and Beauval to estation requirements. Wiggins Bay area, 65 kilometres north of establish to opera- Response to community guidelines Meadow Lake on Highway 903, where to set limits tions in the regions. has been good so far, Canoe Lake Chief they built cabins and lived year- round. 'We started the co-management with Guy Lariviere said. When a group of Elders Theprotesters wanted to end NorSask's By D.B. Smith the Natives," Cariou said. 'We brought in on the Canoe Lake co- management board dearcutting and see compensation given to Windspeaker Staff Writer lea ders,bothMetis and FirstNations Elders, voiced their concerns last month over the traditional land users in lieu of damage and they all said 'we want some say in what size and types of harvesting, NorSask done by forestry companies. goes on in our backyards'." agreed to follow their guidelines. The blockade was originally removed MEADOW LAKE, Sask. The goal of the agreement is to strike a "People are saying, 'hey, wait a minute, by the province in June 1992, but many balance between the province, NorSask and this is actually working'." protesters returned to the site shortly there- An agreement between Saskatchewan the northern communities over protecting The CanoeLakeco-managementboard after. A provincial judge ordered their evic- and a forestry company establishing a part- the environment through wise use of forest has outlawed large clearcuts and the use of tion last summer. nership for co-managing timber harvests is resources and forest renewal, Wiens said. automated harvesters. All trees are cut by The December agreement will be the giving Natives greater say over logging in "This agreement ensures northern resi- men with chain -saws, and grapple skidders, start for further negotiations, Cariou said. the province's north. dents will have a direct say in integrated which are used to haul the logs out, are the The province hasco-managementboards in Environment and Resources Man- resource planning and how the forest re- only heavy machinery that is allowed. five of the 10 cutting regions at the moment. agement Minister Berny Wiens and sources are managed in their areas." The Canoe Lake Indian Band signed NorSask has a Forest Management NorSask Products Inc. chairman Ray The co- management will also involve an interim co- management agreement Licence Agreement for 1.7 million hectares Cariou signed a memorandum of under- Mistik Management Inc., which is in part with NorSask last October to limit the size of commercial forests in northwest Sas- standing Dec. 20 to work as partners owned by the Meadow Lake Tribal Coun- of clearcuts. The signing marked the end to katchewan. It is the first company to de- with forestry co-management boards in cil. Mistik and the regional co- manage- a year- and -a -half long protest by some velop a network of local co- management five northern communities. ment boards will determine such things as Canoe Lake residents who formed a pro- boards within its FMLA. Stay of charges against White Bear chief means gambling negotiations can continue

By D.B. Smith Shepherd, White Bear Band to allow both the Crown and the The band also launched a The White Bear's legal trou- Windspeaker Staff Writer gaming commissioner Brian defense time to prepare their cases. counter -suit against the province bles are not limited to on- reserve Standingready, casino manager The charges against in Saskatchewan's Court of gaming. The band may yet find Susan Alsteen and the band's Standingready and Alsteen were Queen's Bench, seeking the right itself in court over a lawsuit filed CARLYLE, Sask. American partner Alan King were also dropped. The Crown subse- to operate slot machines on their by the Saskatchewan Economic all charged after RCMP raided the quently filed an appeal against reserve. But that case was post- Development Corporation. The Crown has stayed charges Bear Claw Casino last March 22. dropping those charges in Octo- poned after band council learned SEDCO filed the suit two filed against the leader of a band in The police,dressed in full cam- ber, but then abandoned it after their lawyer had accidentally filed weeks ago against theband, White southwest Saskatchewan over his ouflage and accompanied by a Shepherd's charges were stayed. the statement in provincial, rather Bear Lake Golf Course Estates and role in an on- reserve gambling SWAT team and police dogs, The December stay will allow than federal, court. a numbered company owned by dispute. crashed through the casino's front the chief to resume talks with the The federal government filed theband for defaulting on a $75,000 Charges against White Bear doors in a pre -dawn raid only province over the right to on -re- itsownstatementinOctoberclaim- loan. Chief Bernard Shepherd, which weeks after the gaming house's serve casino gambling. ing the band's application for the The corporation extended the included keeping a common gam- grand opening. 'We ha ve j uri sdic tion over our slot machines was invalid. That loan to the numbered company in ing house, were stayed after All of the casino's equipment, gaming on the reserve. We have hearing, which began last July, 1990 to help pay for the construc- Crown and defense lawyers including an unspecified number developed our own gaming act marked the first time Ottawa has tion of the back nine holes on a golf agreed the trial was over the prov- of video lottery terminals, 100 slot and that was put together and directly involved itself in the dis- course. But the company missed a ince's right to control on-reserve machines and six blackjack tables, implemented by a custom," Shep- pute between the band and the payment last spring, corporation gambling and not Shepherd's were seized. herd said. province of Saskatchewan. spokespersonKarenPedersensaid. breach of the Criminal Code. The trial,whichgotunder way In the meantime, charges are As with the other case, the The White Bear and the White 'We're still going ahead but last September, has already been still pending against the Bear Claw band maintains it has the right to Bear Lake Gol f Course Estate guar- they've recognized that it's a juris- adjourned once before. Judge Casino and White Bear Supply pursue economic development to anteed the loan. They have until dictional agreementwiththeprov - Wallis Goliath ordered a month- and Service, two band -owned create jobs on the reserve 200 kilo- the end of the month to file a state- ince," Shepherd said. long adjournment in September companies, he said. metres' southeast of Regina. ment with the court. PAGE 4, JANUARY 17 - JANUARY 3 I, 1994, WINDSPEAKER Our Opinion A year of wrangling leaves Davis Inlet worse off than ever Natives in a tiny remote village on the Labrador coast are marking a wretched anniversary this month, an anniversary that needn't have occurred if the federal and Newfoundland governments had acted responsibly. It's been a full year since the world first saw video images of Innu children in Davis Inlet, high on gasoline fumes and screaming about suicide. It's been a year of press conferences and government meet- ings for exasperated inlet Chief Katie Rich and her weary band council, meetings, over upgrading and relocating the village, that appear to have done little beyond pass the time. It's been a year of therapy for the 18 children who were airlifted out of the community last January and flown to Alberta for solvent addiction therapy and sexual assault coun- selling. Today, 17 of them are back to their old gas -sniffing habits. And then there's the suicide attempt rate, which at this time last year was a little more than four per month. It's now at around 12. Illustration by Don Kew Those depressing events are horrible in and of themselves. But they take on an additional nightmarish quality when one considers that they need not have happened, and probably would not have happened, if Ottawa and the province of Art reflects cultural survival Newfoundland had acted to move the people of the inlet to Sango Bay when the Innu first asked. A prophecy popularly re- It's remarkable the way the two governments managed to ferred to in our communities pass the buck for so long and keep the beleaguered villagers maintains that our future cul- where they are, stranded on in island community with no tures will flourish and the art- running water, no sewage facilities and woefully inadequate ists, musicians, dancers, writ- housing. ers, and other visionaries will Upon hearing of the Innu es desperate situation in the news lead the way to a cultural ren- last January, bureaucrats from Brian Mulroneÿ s Conservative aissance. In my mind, this government flew into the inlet to check the situation out, made prophecy reflects the sophis- promises to improve the community's infrastructure and then ticated wisdom of Native scampered back to Ottawa. When the Innu put their recom- Elders who understood and mendations together, those same bureaucrats stalled the com- recognized the importance of munity upgrading and relocation with ridiculous excuses about art in the preservation and (which too many of us re- ing to the way the document support artistic initia- was written. direction of future cultures. member and share) as they tives is too readily handed The province also helped maintain the status quo. Premier Currently in the Native call attention to historic in- to Clyde Wells, insisting out artists who conform to that he knew what was better for the art world there is an excit- justices, like colonial tyranny, standards set from outside Innu than the Innu themselves, first suggested strongly and ingly energetic movement forced later segregation through our cultures. dogmatically that the villagers think of some site other underway which respectfully the reserve system and Metis Art in its many different than the preferred one at Sango Bay for their relocation. For acknowledges the traditions road allowances, residential forms reasons yet to be affirms our sense of explained, the premier believed the move and ways of our ancestors schools, and various forms of self, reflects our contempo- would do nothing more than transfer the Innu 's social prob- while progressively adapting abuse. Still others use their lems to a new rary lives as well as our his- location. to more contemporary artis- work to explore their cultural tory, and testifies It is unlikely that social ills to our sur- as ingrained as alcoholism, tic demands. Many of these roots which have too often vival and continuity as peo- rampant suicide attempts and sexual abuse would go away artists also educate consum- been severed by residential simply because the ple. Because art, music, community changed locations. But the ers through their work by schools or the white foster dance, literature, and drama move to the mainland would have been, could still be, the fresh moving beyond fictitious, home experience. start the is much more than an elusive community needs to help leave those problems be- singular, pan- Indian repre- Working as an artist can hind. Wells did no energy that exists outside our good by denying that opportunity and, in sentations to realistic and cul- be painful and frustrating for beings it is vitally important fact, only ensured things would grow worse. turally specific representa- many contemporary Natives Despite all the governments' that we remain strongly con- excuses and reasons for not tions. Numerous artists cel- who struggle to find balance nected to our cultures and doing more for Davis Inlet, the fact still remains that the village ebrate our survival by calling between cultural ideals and is in desperate turmoil, existing continue to represent our on the brink of disaster. After attention to the beauty and the so- called aesthetic con- own realities. Who can rep- a full year of wrangling with Ottawa, fighting a pig- headed strength within cul- ventions premier and their (which are as a rule resent Native peoples' real- undergoing addiction therapy, the Innu are still in tures. dictated by Euro- ity the same unimaginable mess. Canadian better than those whose And then there are those standards). Remaining roots are nurtured in a cul- But this anniversary, as bleak as it is, needs to be marked. who offend delicate grounded in And the white one's cultural tural memory that extends best way to recognize it is, perhaps, to ensure that the sensibilities by representing soil is painstakingly frustrat- Innu are not in the same miserable well beyond the Euro -Cana- situation next January. horrific pain and sadness ing - especially when fund- dian experience?

I.LoLinda Caldwell Noel McNaughton EDITOR PRESIDENT dDina O'Meara Joe Cardinal E. REGIONAL EDITOR VICE PRESIDENT David Smith Chester Cunningham NEWS REPORTER TREASURER speaker Rose Marie taillier Ethel Winnipeg m SECRETARY Windspeaker PRODUCTION COORDINATOR is published by' the Aboriginal Multi -Media Joanne Gallien Harrison Cardinal Society of Alberta (AMMSA) every second Monday to provide ACCOUNTS Dan McLean Carol Wilson information to the Aboriginal people. Windspeaker has a Paul Macedo DIRECTORS circulation of 15,000 - PAID. Windspeaker was established in DIRECTOR OF MARKETING Shannon 1983 and is politically independent. Indexed in the Canadian Hopf RECEPTIONIST Magazine Index and Indexed on -line in the Canadian Business r Advertisements designed, set and produced by Don Kew Pm Windspeaker as well as pictures, news cartoons, & Current Affairs Database and Canadian Periodical Index, 35 CARTOONIST content and other printed material are the mm microfilm: Micromedia, 20 Victoria Street, oeditorial Toronto, Lori Rikley C7 property o fWlndspeaker and maynotbeusedwithout Ontario, M5C C,) 2N8. DIRECTOR OF CIRCULATION the expressed written permission of Windspeaker 1500I - 112 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T5M 2V6 Ph: (403) 455 -2700 or 1-800-661-5469 &)Cliff Stebbings N. ALTA, SASK., MAN. MEMBERSHIPS Native American Fax: (403) 455 -7639 W Joanne Thibault B.C., S. ALTA, U.SA., QUE. Journalists Association (NAJA) 1-1 National Aboriginal Communications Society (NAGS) Canadian Magazine Publishers Association Publisher: Ci) Bert Crowfoot PUBLICATION MAIL REGISTRAION#2177 WINDSPEAKER, JANUARY 17 - JANUARY 31, 1994, PAGE 5 Your Opinion Media ignored other side of events at Davis Inlet Dear Editor, tain number of years doesn't make any A member of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police drew out a firearm and non -Natives grasp the powerful Natives I've listened to all variety of televised aspirations and intuitions unless they narratives pointed it at the youths who were involved in the protest, though the member's about the insurrection in Davis make their lives totally part of them. Inlet. How his the judge and clerk were life was never in jeopardy. This action on the member's part helped provoke the In expressing my disconcertion and beleaguered on their way to the airstrip, youths' retaliation towards the police members outside the detachment. beliefs I hope I don't jeopardize my appli- how the RCMP vehicle was trashed, their cation for the Royal Canadian Mounted railings porch vandalized and used for a Police and if it does, let it be so. It was never bonfire the I've outside detachment. heard members outside the detachment. capees regarding the options that were meant for me to join them. Only then will how the disheartened Innu retaliated 2. Fearing for their own security, the of- given to them and how they felt about it. I unquestionably know how the against the judge's inappropriate proce- ficer in charge, Inspector Leach of Happy I've also talked to a friend of mine who is W hiteman's judicial procedures works and dure, how he made no deference to the Valley, Goose Bay, requested our Tribal a member of the Royal Canadian Mounted how they disillusioned the Indigenous culture of the Innu and their views of the Police and Chief Rich go into the detach- Police and told him about it and de- population throughout the globe. Whiteman s judicial procedure and how ment, where the prisoners were given nounced the prisoners being given these Any dissenting viewpoints that are harshly he handled (verbally) the two choices: two choices. He also knows nothing about voiced among the non-Natives about any accuseds' lawyers in front of numerous Either follow RCMP to the airstrip any of his co- members pulling and direct- associations of Indigenous people don't witnesses. and get on a plane under their custody, or ing a firearm at the youths. weaken us but only strengthen us. By this There also some were aspects of the Stay within RCMP vicinity. In contemplating the Innu struggle, I fortitude only will we rise, a Mighty Na- occurrences that were left out of the na- The prisoners, of course, wanted to don't anticipate any of the non -Natives tion, empowering us to profess what we tional media,televisionand radio reports: remain with their relations and support- understanding our convictions and our rightfully believe and claim what is ours. 1. A member of the Royal Canadian ers in the community. struggle. It is very difficult for an Indig- I just hope that I won't be denied the Mounted Police drew out a firearm and These components of the events were enous person to define and describe our occasion to properly inform the public pointed it at the youths who were in- presented to the National CBC by our views and our perceptions in words to about what took place between the pris- volved in the protest, though the mem- trend -setter Chief Rich but were never those who do not understand us. In order oners, the Innu and the RCMP that day. ber's life was never in jeopardy. This ac- broadcast to the public. The public have for them to accept us, they must first eat; tionon the member's part helped provoke the right to be informed in every detail. sleep, breathe and live our lives. Living James Nui the youths' retaliation towards the police I talked to some of the so- called es- among the Indigenous people for a cer- Resident of Davis Inlet, Labrador, Nfld. Metis finds long road to Creator Dear Editor, for her to live with these visiting men from another tribe so that Miandow. her tribe would benefit through In times past, many things trade. She also hoped her de- took place which have changed scendants would form bonds of our lives considerably. It was peace and friendship with her seven generations ago (over 200 family and cousins. years) that my old Kokum (a Was her life wasted by seek- Metis Cree) taught her daugh- ing peace and friendship? Un- ter -in -law and those around her der whose laws? The Creator's how to make sashes for the men or Christians? Do you as indi- to wear and buy as well as all the viduals or as Nations today other skills she broughtwith her refuse to acknowledge the to help begin the Metis Nation. equality of the Metis Nation She died a few years after the with your own? I looked at the skirmish at Seven Oaks. Christian way and accepted A Metis sash and a fiddle adorn the grave of the late Metis Nation of Alberta president Larry After ber descendants and their laws and worked to build Desmeules. family moved away to fight their up my property and assets the own and future battles, her grave way they do, the way I was possess the land or the things again was the Creator. why you do the things you do was covered over to became a taught. When I looked at the on it were not part of what I Four things now fill my today. Perhaps you may learn CPR railyard with only her head- reasons for doing so, I ques- valued nor did I feel they were heart: Peace, love, harmony & things you do not wish to know. stone removed elsewhere. Last tioned the value of amassing part of the peace the Creator prosperity. Perhaps you may find your way year for the first time she was wealth or owning property for meant for us to enjoy and live I challenge every individual back to the Creator again. Heya. given a proper Native ceremony the sake of possession and within. (Metis ornon-Metis) to learn his and burial dedication. I feel she looked to the Creator for direc- As is our tradition, I jour- or her history and the reasons Peace, Love and Friendship, chose the way of peace and ac- tion and a better way. What I neyed and left behind my val- why events occurred the way Pretty Blue Dragonfly King cepted her Cree Nation's desire found was that the desires to ues and desires. What I found they did. Perhaps you may learn Metis Native Letters welcome Heroism overlooked Dear Editor, pulled him up. The young man was in a panic state. Windspeaker welcomes letters to the Edi- Mr. Crow, still very strong for his age, calmed This letter is to let people know how Natives and held him until the otherguidescameandhelped tor. Submissions should be approximately are forever being overlooked in many ways. One him. 300 words or less in length. All letters must example is the lack of attention they receive even It turned out the young man my father saved when they exemplify bravery. was a university student who was one of the many be signed with a first and last name or an Albert Crow was 87 years old when he passed hired by local resorts for summer work. My father, initial and last name. A phone number and away. When he was about 80, he saved a young who was a good man, said he would save him again white man from drowning. This was when he was if he had to, even when he knew these students are address must be included, not for publica- guiding at Red Indian Lodge. the ones who take what meager employment is left tion but for verification. The way I hear it happened was that the for the Natives. guides, Albert one of them, were returning their Albert Crow, my father, never received the All letters are subject to editing. boats to the holding docks after dropping off their thanks and recognition he so enormously deserved. Please send letters to: parties at the main lodge. As Albert rounded a He saved a young man from drowning, an act that point, he saw a boat circling on the lake without its does not happen every day. My father said the Linda Caldwell, Editor, driver. He knew right away someone was in great failure of the township of Sioux Narrows to recog- Windspeaker, danger. Albert went closer, scanning the area - nize him for his heroism never bothered him. careful not to hit whoever was in the water - Unlike my father,I am a selfish man. I know a 15001 112 Ave., desperately trying to catch sight of the person. He person should be rewarded with the highest tribute found him already submerged two feet or more for a feat such as that performed by my brave father. Edmonton, AB under the water. Albert stopped his motor and - T5M 2V6. not thinking about his own safety - reached down Allen Crow hard and grabbed the guide behind, the collar and Whitefish Boy First Nation PAGE 6, JANUARY17 - JANUARY 31, 1994, WINDSPEAKER 1 Oki. We are leaving 1993 be- hind and looking forward to 1994. Since last year is gone, I will tell you now what my reso- Indian lution for 1993 was - it was to be more riskier. Well, the first risky thing I did was I sent a person whom I admired a Val- Country led to most entine, which up the Community Events embarrassing moment of my life. I never did talk to him after that. The second was that meaning; "Yes, it is getting dark." Poems for the Elders I bought a car and it was the The whiteman overheard them Of course, I couldn't get by with- IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO INCLUDE YOUR best risky thing I did all year. but all he could understand was out sharing some peoples' work The third and most trying one Weetipskow. He grabbed his with you. It was written by EVENTS IN THIS CALENDAR FOR THE was that I took a risk in looking gun, cocked it as he turned Deborah Paul and it's called JANUARY 31ST ISSUE, PLEASE CALL ETHEL at my past and forgiving my- around saying, "you Indians tip Warriors of Today. Since this self for all the mistakes I made. this scow and I'll shoot the both issue is dedicated to all the Elders BEFORE NOON WEDNESDAY, JANUARY20 It gave me the strength and of you." of today, here is something to wisdom to be passed on to any- Okay, if you can do better, think about. The one below it is AT 1- 800-661 -5469, FAX (403) 455- one who wants it. This year's prove it! You know where I from Anita Large of Saskatoon, 7639 OR WRITE TO: 15001 -112 AVENUE, resolution is...I'm sorry I can't work! Saskatchewan. tell you. If I tell you than the EDMONTON, A8., T5M 2V6 surprise for next year won't come true. Warriors of Today NATIVE ELDERS SOUP & BANNOCK Every Wednesday at noon A New Year's greeting They used to wear a breech cloth and buckskin I know New Year's was a couple 11821 - 78 Street, Edmonton, Alberta Carrying tomahawks and arrows of weeks ago, but since they cut NATIVE WOMEN'S LITERATURE But in today's society, it's unethical my page out for the year -end So now it's Wisdom and Knowledge Starting October 6, 1993 stuff, I shall give out my greet- Edmonton, Alberta ings this issue. This greeting is Today we have to fight for what is already ours for 'all RECREATION NIGHT FOR YOUTH the people who have no We have to regain our culture and beliefs family, the people who have Every Wednesday 6 to 8:30 pm, Our Elders are the Warriors of Today family but cannot seem to for- They teach us what is right and wrong Edmonton, Alberta give or forget and the people EXHIBITION OF WORKS BY SEVEN FIRST NATION to who have live down in the Slowly the booze and drugs are dissipating ARTISTS streets and have no where else Our minds will clear from the fog December 14, 1993 - May 22, 1994 to go. Its for the people who When this is done, we will be at full have force Vancouver, British Columbia everything except love and And our Elders can take their proper place faith for themselves and the peo- INUIT ARTWORK AT THE GLENBOW MUSEUM ple around them, the children Our Elders' Wisdom and Knowledge is vast November 6 - March 13, 1993 who grow up too fast and never We must learn to use these weapons Calgary, Alberta have the chance to be them- In order to succeed and prosper DISCOVER NATIVE AMERICA POWWOW selves, the alcoholic and drug Only then will our Circle be complete. addict. It's to the worry-wart and 20 - January 23,1994 the happy -go -lucky person. Jacksonville, Florida Have a great New Year and all SNOWBALL CLASSIC ALL -NATIVE RODEO the best to you in the upcoming Everything Starts With You. January 21 & 22,1994 year. You know, the only per- Farmington, New Mexico son who you have to live with She let the Elder flow out 2ND ANNUAL for the next year is you, so make A seed of pleasant CREATING WEALTH WITH FIRST your sounds choices the best they can Pahpih, nimihito, Nika mon, Pikishwe, Maton, NATIONS be. Natohtaw January 27 & 28, 1994 Powwow Before they arrived Vancouver, British Columbia connections I tucked the words under the pillow DOTC WINTER FESTIVAL I have attended a few powwows And then threw on the blanket these last couple of weeks. Both January 28 - 30, 1994 were pretty I good. visited the "We must celebrate depression Brandon, Manitoba Stoney people of Morley, who POUNDMAKER/NECHI just as much as we celebrate laughter" ROUNDDANCE hosted a New Year's powwow. spoke the old tongue. February 12, 1994 It's great to see a bunch of friends having Poundmaker Lodge, St. Albert, Alberta fun without booze or The blanket's top corners unfolded drugs to bring in the New VISIONS FOR OUR FUTURE: Year. I grasped the colorful words PARTNERSHIPS IN Then I went to visit relatives NATIVE EDUCATION drifting waves on the current... from way down in Southern Make yourself depressed February 18 & 19, I 1994 Alberta. Yeah, went to the Make yourself happy Port Elgin, Ontario powwow in Pincher Creek. For 6TH ANNUAL CULTURE, HEALTH AND a winter powwow, people See... HEALING braved out SEMINAR the cold and snow. I answered the door They had a successful powwow. March 18 & 19, 1994 I was on the other side I let me in... Edmonton, Alberta Oh, no... it's a Joke! I have to give SFIN HOCKEY Sr CURLING TOURNAMENT the Metis Settle- I had the key... ments News March 18 - 20, 1994 applause for let- "don't forget your centre Regina, ting me use this joke. The joke Saskatchewan was giving to them by Enjay The ocean filled with... JOURNEY INTO EMPOWERMENT: 5TH ANNUAL Blyan of Buffalo Lake Metis Set- trees, leaves and grass. WOMEN & WELLNESS tlement. It's called We Tip Scow. March Long ago the had a 21- 25, 1994 Cree rather I danced on the sand of laughter Portland, Oregon good rapport with the white fur Sung out the water traders. They BATTLEFORD HOCKEY TOURNAMENT were often em- Listened to voices of the new land ployed by the traders as guides April 1 - 3, 1994 and handymen. However, lan- Waves calmed North Battleford, Saskatchewan guage di fferences restricted their The current peaceful SIFC 16TH ANNUAL communications to a few POWWOW words I swam a new direction April 2 & 3, 1994 mixed with sign language. One Regina, Saskatchewan day there were two The breeze took my hand Cree who were working PRINCE GEORGE for a "Well Come" HOCKEY TOURNAMENT white fur trader. They helped in April 8 -10,1994 "Laugh, cry, sing, dance, the loading, unloading and talk and listen... Prince steering of George, British Columbia this whitemari s raft This is you." that was the old tongue's 8TH ANNUAL ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY called a scow. breath whisked off the blanket. COMPETITION They were cruising down POWWOW river the with the whiteman up The words smuggled April 15 -17, 1994 front carrying his rifle. It was Walked into my ears Tempe, Arizona getting late in the evening when GATHERING or did I? Everything starts OF NATIONS POWWOW one of the Cree said, with you! April 22 Sr 23, 1994 "Weetipscow Neeschas ", mean- ing; "Its Albuerquerque, New Mexico getting dark, cousin." The Elder sat down to rest... TheotherCreeanswered "Uhah! My aunt smiled, the spirit relaxed. Taypwey, mÑJrke Weetipscow,' See the story of your community printed in Regional Windspeaker. For details, turn to Page

January 17 - January 3 1, 1994 R5. Regional Section Volume I I No. 22 Vaccination campaign wraps up

By Dina O'Meara Windspeaker Staff Writer

WINNIPEG

An intense vaccination cam- paign aimed at stopping an out- break of meningitis on Mani- toba reserves and communities has wrapped up successfully. 'We've come pretty close to achieving a 95 per cent vaccina- tion rate in the communities,' said Dr.Ted Rosenberg, commu- nity medical consultant with Health Canada in Winnipeg. Approximately 24,000 chil- dren between the ages of six months and 19 years were vacci- nated against the deadly disease in the two-month-long campaign which ended Jan. 1. A rise in cases of meningococcal meningi- Remembering the way tis on various reserves, coupled with the deaths of a five -month- Elders are more than guardians of our traditions, they are survivors who pass on their knowledge to new generations. old infantand a two-year-old child Windspeaker salutes Eiders across Canada in a series of profiles and articles inside. sparked the campaign. A total of 13 cases of the infectious disease were recorded in 1993, triple the yearlyaverageofonetofourcases Children apprehended needlessly - report on Manitoba reserves. "If we didn't vaccinate we By Don Langford and family services, the task herence to the provincial Child The second most important felt that we would see a greater Windspeaker Contributor force recommended the devel- and Family Services Act. recommendation, to occur dur- rise in numbers of cases," said opment of a new set of stand- During seven months of ing the second stage of the task Rosenberg. ards by First Nations people, to public hearings in 12 First Na- force action plan, was the fed- In many communities a 100 WINNIPEG decide what is culturally appro- tions communities and three eral government enact a First per cent vaccination rate was priate and what is in keeping urban centres, the task force Nations Child and Family Wel- achieved, said Rosenberg. The First Nations in Manitoba with the socio- economic reali- learned that communities had fare Act in the near future. high target rate was essential for should take over their child ties of First Nations communi- become frustrated over their lack With the passage of this act, the immunization to effectively welfare systems, states a major ties. of meaningful involvement in the province would be relieved stop the outbreak. report released last month in The task force also recom- decisions concerning their chil- of its legislative authority over "We're not going to com- Winnipeg. mended that any apprehension dren and families. First Nations child and family pletely eliminate the disease, but Prepared by the First Na- of children at risk be guided by And because First Nations services, which would in turn we can contain it." he said. tions Child and Family Task the First Nations tradition of communities were shut out of pass to the directorate. Meningitis is an infectious Force, the report out lines a three - shifting responsibility to the ex- the decision- making process, the And the directorate, now disease which causes swelling stage action plan in which full tended family or the local com- task force further found that the armed with legislative author- around the brain. Symptom in- jurisdiction over child and fam- munity wherever possible. apprehension of children had ity, would then begin the proc- clude a sudden fever, headache, ily services would be transferred "Statistics, studies, commis- become the first, rather than the ess of decentralization this au- stiff neck and nausea. to First Nations communities sions, visits and presentations - last, resort. thority to First Nations commu- At the same time as Mani- within a period of about five all have made us realize that As statistics revealed, First nities ready, willing and able to toba health officials were organ- years. these children continue to be at Nations agencies presently accept the responsibility. izing the massive program, doc- According to Professor risk when they are completely spend over 45% of their budget During the final stages of tors in Saskatchewan were tak- Wally Fox -Decent, chair of the removed from their homes and maintaining children in alter- the action plan, both the directo- ing note of a jump in meningitis six -member task force, the exist- cultural environments," the re- nate care compared to less than rate and federal law would dis- cases in the province. A total of ing child and family welfare sys- port said. "The results of this 3% keeping them out of care appear as First Nations commu- 24 cases were recorded by No- tem in Manitoba fails to meet practice have been tragic and through the delivery of support nities began operating theirown vember, compared to an annual the needs of First Nations chil- costly." services to families. child and family services on an average of six to 12 cases. dren or their communities. Under the current system, One of the two most impor- autonomous basis.manitoba Children aged two to 19 years The present system is de- First Nations communities in tant recommendations made by child welfare on six reserves and in Saskatoon signed to respond to urban life Manitoba receive child and fam- the task force was that the prov- Other recommendations put were targeted for an immuniza- in a metropolitan centre,' he ily services through one of eight ince immediately establish a forth by the task force include: tion program. But the appear- said. "It's a mainstream system First Nations agencies,which are First Nations Child and Family the immediate establishment ance of an additional five menin- really designed to serve the mandated under provincial leg- Service Directorate. of appropriate agencies to gitis cases across the province majority, who are non -First Na- islation and funded through the The Directorate would then assume full control over service prompted health officials to tions people. It does not recog- Department of Indian and assume full administrative au- delivery to First Nations chil- launch a blanket vaccination nize the cultural and economic Northern Affairs (INAC). thority over First Nations chil- dren living off -reserve in urban campaign for all children. By the realties of many First Nations The chief weakness with dren living both on and off -re- centre. end of December, 46,700 children communities. these agencies, the task force serve, and begin implementing the adoption and development had been vaccinated. The Sas- As part of the move toward found, was their centralized na- the remaining recommendation of a First Nations case katchewan program is expected community- control over child ture and sometimes rigid ad- put forth by the task force. work model /process. to finalize by the end of January. PAGE R2, JANUARY 17 - JANUARY 3 I , 1994, REGIONAL WINDSPEAKER - Salute to Elders Searching for the elusive Elder

By Penny Gummerson we go to for advice for tradi- Windspeaker Contributor "It's not enough just to be an older Native person to possess Eldership. Before going to an tional -type ceremonies. If there's anything going on in Elder, I would have to consider: are they from the same area as me? Would they have the same the villages that concern VANCOUVER kinds of ground values? " potlatches or any types of feastings, we go to the Elders It's a rainy Wednesday af- - Elizabeth Atleo, New Westminister, B.C. to find out what protocol we ternoon in Vancouver. I've just take and what to do. They ba- received a phone call from sically give us cultural guide- Windspeaker asking if I would lines for anything that happens like to do a story on an Elder for would call it an institutional- Atleo, who spent many said. "I have a number of Elders in the villages, from potlatches this issue. ized Elderhood. They are peo- years living with the Nuu- I go to for different types of to name -giving ceremonies "Great," I say, "when's the ple who serve a formal function Chah -Nulth Nation on Vancou- knowledge - some on a spiritual and feasts." deadline ?" in the integration of Native as- ver Island's Ahousaht Band, level, others for counselling, and Well, deadline day has ar- "Monday," said the voice on pects of education in institu- said she received her own cul- others for a variety of knowl- rived and I still haven't spoken the other end. tions." tural education from inside the edge about life." with an Elder. But, at least now "Oh," I say. Kind of a tight But because each person's house of her husband's mother Nahanee said age has noth- I'm clear that there are, in fact, deadline, I think to myself. Well, house of learning has official and from time to time is called ing to do with being an Elder. different types of Elders for dif- it can't be that difficult to find an Elders, there are also what one upon to share her own wisdom "Somebody can be 40 years old ferent types of people, for dif- Elder to interview. might call 'community Elders" - and learning with others. and be considered an Elder in ferent kinds of things. End of

No problem," I say. "Mon- like an advisory position", she "We are . considered to be the community and somebody story...almost. day it is." said. Elders by some and who come can be 60 and not be considered The phone rings. It's Eliza- Now it is Saturday after- "Some people have very spe- to us for advice because'we are an Elder because they haven't beth Alfred, president of the noon. It is still raining and I still cialized cultural knowledge in conscious and aware of and how acquired the knowledge of their Vancouver Native Elder's Soci- have yet to find an Elder. I've their roles for the group as an things work in our community," people to pass on." ety. been on the phone for three days organic whole. You have Elders she said. As one of the paddlers of the "I hear you're looking for an in search of one, but there are for certain things," explains "Eldership is one aspect I'm Squamish canoe during the Elder," she said with a laugh. none to be found. Atleo. "There are certain Elders very conscious of because it's Qatuwas Festival last summer, An Elder? On the phone? "My great aunt would be a that I get in touch with for cer- part of my children's education. Nahanee said he learned a lot of Talking to me? But my story is great person to talk to," said one tain kinds of things that I want It's something we educated them valuable knowledge from his already written. Hmmm. To fax contact. Her husband just had to check or get feedback from." about - something that was a Elders. or not to fax? I can't resist - a coastal ship named after him. Okay, so what constitutes very conscious process in our We had Elders talk to us in twenty minutes later, we're sit- Too bad she's not in town." Eldership for a person? What family." preparation for our journey. We ting in her office in the Vancou- "My friend knows an Elder makes someone an Elder? Maurice Nahanee, 37, lives had to learn our songs and pro- ver Aboriginal Friendship Cen- who raised her grandchildren," "First of all, people who have in the village of Squamish in tocol and how to behave in pub- tre Society building on Hastings said another contact. "She'll survivorship," said Atleo. "What North Vancouver where he runs lic properly. Because we were and Commercial . have lots of stories. I'll call you is it about their generation -what his own writing company, All ambassadors of our nation, we "When did I become an back." did they survive and what has Write Productions Limited. He had to know something of our Elder ?" she said with a laugh. "I Two hours later - "Sorry, I contributed to their is presently working on a First history so that we could present don't know. I just did . One day cant get a hold of her." survivorship? What was their Nations Tourism video that will that to the public." I was at a meeting and they an- Oh, oh. One day left to find developmental task in that gen- provide an over -view of Native Minnie Kullman is the ad- nounced before dinner that the an Elder? I phone one last con- eration? I think survivorship history and culture, past and ministrator /coordinator of the Elders would be served. Then I tact, Marlene Atleo, in New was always about testing and a present and what the future will Native Brotherhood and Native got up to get a plate, a young girl Westminister. lot of stories are about testing. be for Native Tourism in British Sisterhood of B.C. Education came by and said 'oh, no, sit "Hi Mrs. Atleo, I'm having a "So, it's very much about Columbia. Society in Vancouver. She is down, I'll get your food for you: tough time finding an Elder to how they can pass on that they He has spoken with many from the Heiltsuk Nation and I said oh, no thank you, I can get interview for the upcoming is- have learned - their practical Elders about the video project. grew up in the village of Bella it myself. Then an Elder sitting sue of Windspeaker. Do you knowledge - to other genera- "Elders havea lotof background Bella, B.C. beside me leaned over and told know of any in the vicinity?" I tions in a meaningful way be- knowledge to pass on to people Kullman considers age to me to relax and enjoy it. 'You're ask. cause it's survivorship that keeps like myself who are seeking ad- have some bearing on an Elder,' she said, 'Let them "That depends. What kind the culture going," she said. vice and encouragement," said Elderhood. serve you. Give them the pleas- of an Elder are you looking for ?" But there's more to being an Nahanee. "I consider my mom to be ure of serving you.' And I sat she asks. Elder than surviving, she adds. He describes Elders as being an Elder - she's 73 years -old. back and said, hey, when did I "What kind ?You mean there "It's not enough just to be an those people who have spent But, it also has to do with become an Elder ?" is more than one kind of Elder ?" older Native person to possess time learning the knowledge of knowledge of your culture and The interview ends and I I respond. Eldership," said Atleo. "Before their community and their cul- heritage - basically how much walk outside into the pouring And so that got me thinking going to an Elder, I would have ture. involvement you've had in the Vancouver rain. Mycarhas been - who actually is an Elder? to consider: are they from the "I think theyhavetobe some- village throughout your life," towed. I smile, water dripping "Some official Elders, like same area as me? Would they body who is generally recog- she said. off my nose. It doesn't matter Simon Baker, are almos t like'po- have the same kinds of ground nized by the community of pos- "The Elders of our Bella because I've met an Elder. A litical Elders'," said Atleo. "I values? " sessing certain qualities," he Bella villages are the ones that real, live Elder.

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It really EVENING SENIORS VALUE DAY VALUE DAY FREE GAME 6 - PAK Box 8 Igaluit works! 60-daymoney- back -guaran- EVENT DAY 60+ 9 -PAK Northwest Territories tee. How can you lose! 9 FREE 9 - Nickle 6 - Nickel XOA OHO Canada Nickel 1/2 Price on 9- Early Bird 6 - Early Bird Approved by all medical CARDS Regular Office Tel: (819) 979 -4821 authories DVA TAPS card 6:15 9 - Gold or 6 - Gold or Gold Office Fax: (819) 979 -4763 accepted Regular AT Game Gold Combo Combo DOOR Cards 3 -1st Bonanzas 2 -1st Bonanzas Performance Medical $1.00 $15.00 $10.00 Box 418, Valemount, B.C.VOE 2Z0 SEP Call us toll free 1- 800 -663 -0121 REGIONAL WINDSPEAKER, JANUARY 17 - JANUARY 3 I, 1994, PAGE R3 My Community Prairie Briefs Protester sets up camp again A protester who was removed from his makeshift protest camp in Kananaskis Country in September is back on the land. Fred Community nestled in gentle valley Fraser established the original camp in 1991 to protest being refused membership by southern Alberta band Tsuu Tina after Author's home In southern tant for a healthy mind and body. he was reinstated under Bill C -31. In August of this year, Fraser Our infants and elderly are established a road block on the land, traditional hunting ground Saskatchewan o welcome provided for under Pasquás for the Old Sarcee Uterus Clan, which he is hereditary chief of. sight after a long absence. health care program. Home care RCMP and provincial forces removed the blockade and razed is available where community the camp, and Fraser was charged with obstructing a road. He in Calgary March 16. Fraser has By Neil Pasqua home care workers make home will appear in provincial court the government to establish a new band for the 200 -odd Windspeaker Contributor visits to the elderly. lobbyed A community health nurse people like himself who have been refused membership to Tsuu visits the band regularly to in- Tina. PASQUA FIRST NATIONS, sure our members have had all Sask. their necessary shots, whether Girl mauled by sled dogs it's an Elder getting a flu shot or An 11- year -old girl from Fort Chipeywan died after being During the years I lived off an infant getting his or her first mauled by five sled dogs on Dec. 30. The girl, Michelle Dawn noticed the reserve I always had a growing needle. Whitehead, was found by a passing motorist who sense of anticipation when I re- A healthy lifestyle needs a group of dogs attacking something on the ground. The driver, turned, especially when the re- healthy diet, and many mem- a nurse, was able to distract the animals and keep them from the serve came into sight. bers still include rabbit, deer, child, while flagging another motorist to get help. Whitehead The boundaries of the re- and /or fish as part of their diet. died just hours later. An avid dog -lover, she had survived a serve are clear. Pasqua Lake is While not as readily avail- brutal attack by a Rottweiller five years ago in Edmonton. While on the north with the southern able as store bought goods, neighbors said the sled dogs, who were unleashed at the time, border having a tree -line where of members still go out to the lake hadn't exhibited any hostile behaviour previous to the attack, an Hockey is an important part and former animal control officer said adjacent farm land have little or and keeps Pasqua to fish or out to the bush and animal behaviorist winter might have been trying to break up a fight and was no trees. youth busy striving for that hunt. Whitehead on by the rest of the pack. Or the unleashed dogs could have Pasqua supports 15 active perfect play. Jeremy Pasqua, The conveniences of mod- set farmers. Not all have cleared em living are available in Fort been protecting their territory, said Katharine Balbar -Harish 7, plays for the Pasqua the animals and are search- their lands while many Sas- However, his Qu'Appelle, just 24 kilometres from Edmonton. RCMP destroyed Penguins. in ing for the culprit who unleased them from owner Happy katchewan farmers are being team off the reserve west, or 45 minutes southeast favorite Cardinal's yard. encouraged to plant shelter belt. is the Calgary Flames. Regina. Trees not only benefit wildlife Although Pasqua has their but keeps topsoil from blowing Today there are 97 on -re- elected leaders and band staff, More PR needed qn land claim settlements land claim away. serve homes housing40 percent Pasqua members do their share A rising tide of public opposition to a $445 million cur- Many of these adjacent farm- of the band membership with by taking the time to get in- settlement involving 27 bands in Saskatchewan can be government ers are farming what used to be over half under 18. Our off - volved. tailed, say Aboriginal leaders. Both the provincial Pasqua reserve land. Chief reserve members are scattered Band members do and Indian groups must do more to dispel fears regarding the Pasqua, signatory at Treaty everywhere, on other reserves, fundraising, cooking, dress settlement, said Roland Crow, chief of the Federation of Sas- has Four, chose the valley tobehome in other towns and cities, and in hockey players or sit on various katchewan Indian Nations. Opposition to the settlement for his people. other provinces, territories and clubs or committees. Some help increased in some communities, with fear and animosity surfac- The Pasqua Band is located countries. outjustbycomingoutand play- ing between groups of Natives and non -Natives. Non -Native land have ex- in southern Saskatchewan, nes- Living on the reserve gives ing bingo. communities where bands may be acquiring tled amongst the Qu'Appelle our children the freedom to Bingo is played weekly and pressed concerns about loss of tax revenues and difficulty Valley and prairie grainbelt. roam freely, unlike urban re- benefits the community rather enforcing bylaws. One such community, Fort Qu'Appelle held to The size of Pasqua's reserve strictions of being cooped up in than having players travel off- a referendum to deal with a move by the Starblanket band a house or yard. reserve. 'Follow the bouncing convert an old post office downtown into an office complex for would be greatly reduced the land thebuild- through subsequent land sur- The Pasqua membership ball to Pasqua Bingo' is the logo Native -run business. Starblankethasclaimed works toward supporting our on our daubers. ing is on and want to give it reserve status. They have been renders. the claim. The however, the Pasqua young and old. Dances, rodeos, workshops negotiating with the town since 1984 to resolve Today with the band to initiated a land claim Hockey, Twon- Kwon -Do and conferences do not happen referendum resulted in limiting negotiations Band has representatives are also in an attempt to recover lands and field trips are some activi- by themselves and band mem- town council members. Federation ties being offered to our youth. bers getting involved help to concerned about perceptions that Indians are trying to force lost. Indian status. of Bingo, hockey and dances are make such events happen. people off land, or take unfair advantage of their The original membership discussing treaty issues band was a mixture of geared toward the older mem- After all, Saskatchewan has The SFIN has beenhold ingd workshops Pasquás and government departments. Cree and Saulteaux and num- bers. a high level of volunteerism, and with non -Native organizations bered some 40 lodges. Physical activity is impor- Pasqua is no exception.

MC LII0IlI AO aSA 0M000I D LAINET®OL CUOMO If you or anyone you know is interested in enrolling in English as a Second Language, classes will be onTuesdays and Thursdays for 2 hours each evening at the AVC æ Continuing Education B uilding in High Prairie, please contact Date: Date Received : Issue MARIA COLLETT at 523 -5850 in High Prairie The course will run from February 1 to April 7. 1994 check one) How did you receive this issue? (Please Fee: $20 per person Subscription Newsstand Native Organization Please Rate Us on the Following: Excellent Good Fair Poor Columns Editorial Anyone having information regarding: National Section Vickie Delorme (born approximately 1965 - 1967), 1972), Regional Section 0 0 0 Janet Rose Delorme (Born January 30, or Lillian Rose Cherpak - also known as Giroux or Entertainment possibly Hoffman or Delorme (Born January 30, 1971) Photos 0 Sports 0 Please contact Ray Ensminger collect at (403) Letters to the Editor 0 433 -4524 or Box 52053, Edmonton, Alta T6G 2T5. Editorial Cartoon 0 Please grade this issue on a scale of one to ten (one being poor and ten being excellent) Holiday greetings & every good wish for the New Year Tell us how we can improve: Dennis Callihoo Barrister & Solicitor Serving the Native community with a full range of professional legal services PLEASE MAIL THIS FORM (OR 'A COPY) TO QUALIFY FOR PRIZES :: Box 900, Hobbema, AB TOC 1NO WINDSPEAKER 15001 - 112 AVENUE EDMONTON. AB T5M 2V6 ? 428 -6778 (Edmonton Direct) R FAX IT TO US AT (403) 45S -7639 ; Ph: 585 -3037 PAGE R4, JANUARY 17 - JANUARY 3I, 1994, REGIONAL WINDSPEAKER Sports Running club coach surfaces VERMILLION BAY, Ont. it;" he told a local Native news- paper. Managing a running club He apologized to the run- proved to be too much responsi- ners and wished them luck in bility for one coach, who says he their future runs. abandoned a group of hopefuls Wesley denies intending to on route to New Zealand be- steal any funds. A police inves- cause the pressure was too great. tigation has been launched but Tom Wesley failed to meet a no charges laid as police are still group of young athletes of the waiting for documents from the First Nations Running Club on runners outlining how much the eve of their journey to a sa- money was collected. cred run in New Zealand Oct. Fortunately for the youths, 29, 1993. The eight teenagers Native and business communi- were stranded without plane ties across Canada rallied tickets in Winnipeg, after hav- around them and raised more ing been told by Wesley the en- than $14,000 to send the group tire trip was taken care of. to New Zealand. An additional But the 25- year -old had $15,000 was contributed by the failed to raise enough money, Department of Indian Affairs. couldn't manage the growing The team arrived in New Zea- club's books, and lied to keep up land Nov. 7. appearances. When the dead- Two weeks after running out line came, Wesley snapped and on the team, Wesley surfaced in Denver, Colo. He contacted his ran to the United States. Winnipeg Free Press "I felt really like family in northern Ontario and everything A group of relieved young members of the First Nations Running Club take a second walk up the I my to return to was spinning. went to see was persuaded airport path on their way to the New Zealand Sacred Run after being abandoned by their coach. girlfriend and I told her 'I lost Canada. `%TINDSPEAKER IS... NA'T'IVE SPORTS to get your sports events in Windspeaker, call Dina O'Meara, our Regional Editor at 1 -80o -661 -5469 or fax at (403) 455 -7639

First Language Jules Edouard Gaudet Childress literature former Québec Deputy Minister of Revenue prosecutor Financial WORKSHOPS Roberta Roberts LAVEAUX, GAUDET, ROSSIGNOL Assistance for Create community -based ATTORNEYS quality school books in your language BUSINESS LAW - FISCAL LAW Aboriginal Needs assessment CONSTITUTIONAL LAW Writing school books ABORIGINAL LAW - CHARTER Helpful hints LAW Bursary Box 8 lctaluit Northwest Territories 10 Saint -Jacques Street West, Suite 412, Montréal, Québec H2Y 1L3 XOA OHO Canada Phone: (514) 982 -0296 Fax: (514) Program Office Tel: (819) 979 -4821 982 -9392 Office Fax: (819) 979 -4763 Bursaries for post- secondary education in professions related to Social Services fields are available for application by Metis and Non -Status Indian students. Nortext PALMS Ili® Financial support for persons with dependents will not Dar" exceed $9000, and $7000 for persons without dependents. C ®r>a CglIMP 1* BINGO Applications are accepted from January 1st to April 30th Sandman Inn, 178 St. & Stony Plain Road 483 -1151 each year. 7 LATE NITES! NEW CARDS! NEW PAYOUT! ECOno -50C Reg 5.00 For complete information and application forms, contact: Cashier: 10 pm Silver -51.50 Gold -52.00 Precall: 10:10 pm Combo -52.00 Linda Desaulniers, Staff Development 2 EB: 10:30 pm Alberta Family and Social Services 24 Games 7 EVENING EVENTS! IBONANZA Doors: 4:30 pm 10th Floor, 10035 - 108 Street 3 EB: 6:15 pm I ODD /EVEN Edmonton, Alberta TM 3E1 MINIMUM PAYOUT 50 Games US 40- 40- 40- 40 -60 -80 2 Bonanzas Telephone: (403)427 -5949

D I 89.9 FM Throughout Northern Alberta $1.00 REGULAR CARDS Odd/Even Consult your local telephone Ibezia JANUARY 28 - SPECIAL directory under Government of FAMILY AND SOCIAL SERVICES $2000 on Bonanza #1 Alberta for the number of your CFWE $1500 Ful Card RITE operator. Ask for 427 -5949 ALBERTA'S ABORIGINAL VOICE $250 Callers Choice toll free. AAAAAAAAA $250 Consolation It pays to advertise in Windspeaker, call: 2.-EIBCPCP-6.63L-9L-69 REGIONAL WINDSPEAKER, JANUARY 17 - JANUARY 31, 1994, PAGE R5 Sports Boxer got start toughing it out in reserve school

for his clarity of mind. There But Williard was a time when he was won- Lewis, 1993 dering whether he should con- the tinue boxing. national amateur "It was after the world championships last year when heavyweight I busted my nose. And there were some politics as well," he champ, is a softie said. "So I spent some time with my family. I feasted with the when it comes to Elders, did some sweetgrass and had some sweats with my kids. father. I'm good now and I know what I have to do." By Kim Heinrich Now that he's "got the na- Windspeaker Contributor tionals done," Lewis said he's preparing for this August's Commonwealth Games in V ic- HOBBEMA, Alta. toria. "Then there's the Olympics At 5 foot 11 and barely 185 and following that - the world pounds, Willard Lewis had championships," he said. "I some people believe he was gotta get it all done." too small to be a heavyweight. Brought up on the Beaver But the 19- year -old boxer Lake Reserve in northern Al- showed them December 5, 1993 berta, the young Cree said his when he won the national ama- interest in boxing goes back to teur heavyweight boxing his early youth. championships in Winnipeg, "If you're tough, you can Man. make it at reserve schools. If Lewis may be shorter and not, you get bullied. I decided lighter compared to his com- enough of getting bullied and petitors, but he's an uncom- learned how to fight," he said. promising fighter who will At 13, he won his first match take a punch to give a punch. weighing in at 165 pounds. "I Previously Canadian mid- was this little balloon of a guy," dleweight and lightweight he said, laughing. Within six Kim Heinrich champion, Lewis beat Jean - months, he had lost 26 pounds Paul Bergeron, defending and was training regularly. Boxer Williard Lewis won his first bout at the age of 13. Six years later, on Dec. 5, 1993, he won heavyweight champion from Lewis said the independ- the national amateur heavyweight championship. Montreal, 12- 9 in the first ent aspect of boxing is what match. His second match made him fall in love with the were up against, said Dalke. cares very much about kids. If to be there for them." against Mark Simians, in which sport has on side of this ever away, the are said plans he won 16 -12, earned the most his life. fearless fighter is a warm- always asking for him." as a counsellor so he can work outstanding bout of the tour- "There's no team play. If hearted comedian who is as Lewis said he tries to bring with people and practice what nament. And he won 14 -10 in you miss a fly ball, your whole dedicated to youth as he is to something to Hobbema's chil- comes most naturally to him - his final match against Steve team can lose. But if you catch his sport. dren that many children don't aside from boxing, of course. Gallinger. a punch in the face, nobody Dalke calls Lewis the "Pied know. Until then, he said his fu- "My mind is my strength," suffers but you." Piper of Hobbema," a commu- "I try to bring trust to these ture won't be complete until Lewis said. "If I get hit ten His coach, Harley Dalke, nity in central Alberta where guys. They're Indians. I'm In- he's the first Native boxer to times, it makes me stronger. said Lewis is renowned for the the two coach the 50- member dian. A lot of us have been led hold the world title. But back Anyone who has to fight me damage he can exact on an op- Indian Nations Boxing Club. astray in the past," he said. "I in Hobbema, where wide -eyed knows he's going to have to ponent. Competitors have of- "Willard has a bubbly per- know I'm young and there's children trail in his wake, fight." ten conveniently backed out sonality and a library of one - only so much I can do. But I'm Willard Lewis is already be- Lewis credits spirituality when they knew who they liners," Dalke said. "And he trying to be honest. I'm trying coming a legend.

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We're looking forward to reading about you! PAGE R6, JANUARY 17 - JANUARY 31, 1994, REGIONAL WINDSPEAKER Salute to Elders Speaking language crucial to knowing own culture

By Tina Crouse dancing and the talking circle. It Christian God with the Micmac Windspeaker Contributor was good for them to see and par- ceremonies. ticipate in the ceremonies." 'They're scared of leaving the What the children of the re- church, so they back away from BIG COVE, N.B. serve don't learn in school, they our rites. But Igo to church and go can find out from her. If she doesn't to ceremonies as well. They are Pauline Sock, of the Big Cove have the expertise, she will find compatible. PRAIRIE LEATEERCRAFT Micmac reserve in northern New someone to teach them what they '1 guess people have to bal- BEADS & LEATHER Brunswick, is an Elder with an want to know. ance that they can go to church SUEDE OTHER CRAFT FUR interest in healing the problems Sockbelieves knowing the lan- and to ceremonies. If they find SUPPLIES on her reserve through the tradi- guage is the most crucial step to that balance, they will be okay." 224-2nd Ave. South Saskatoon, Sask. S7K 1K9 tional practices. She is trained as a returning to traditional values. In the past four years, Sock has social worker,but does not fill that "Some of the teenagers speak visited other nations; the Sioux, Mail orde -5 is but when Ojibwa, Cree, and Maliseet, and Open9 (300) 934 -1004 catalog role formally on the reserve. She English and Micmac, on. to Sat. simply a friend to MI in need. they're at my house, they speak said she had to respect their tribal available "My home is open to every- Micmac." ways in order to fit in. body,' she said. It is also important for teenag- 'They have more strict rules People, particularly teenagers, ers to learn the "old ways ", like than our Micmac Nation, espe- come to her to discuss problems drumming, dancing and ceremo- cially the ceremonies." informally, one -on -one, or for- nies. Sock's own request fo r knowl- She said she would like to see North Star Native Art Sfiows that sort of thing become part of mally, in a talking circle. The teens edge about her culture began just FEBRUARY 5, MARCH 5, APRIL 2. 1994 express their concerns to her, and a few years ago. She said she al- the Micmac nation. also a desire to learn aspects of ways knew how to speak Micm ac, "I think it will have to start seeking artists their culture. but in her youth there were no from respect. The people who don't ToSock,oneofthesurestroads other ways to learn the Micmac believe in our ways, at least they respect." to healing involves learning the culture on the reserve. should show cry peop le to a rldbit their and 11 other culture of the Micmacs. In 1993, "In the past four years, there Last year, Sock wmk to theHeartof Old Strathcona Big Cove suffered through a rash have been a lot of gatherings. I had members of the Big Cove reserve When I extended their brand of healing to of suicides, mostly teenage boys. three, myself, last year. ernttactusat1033S-84ave etdmonúnt, ab 403438-6682 In March, the reserve held a was a teenager, though, there was France, when a group of children mourning and healing week, dur- nothing there for me. suffering from cancer requested ing which traditional values were "1 guess there weren't enough they come and dance. emphasized and alcohol was people interested. But now 40 -45 "It was their last wish to see banned from the reserve. per cent of the community is inter- Nativedancers,"shesaid.'Wespent "Kids don't get a lot of cultural ested in our traditional ways." 15 days with them. They were very education in the schools," Sock Some non -participating mem- sick, yet spiritual. They had hope Help to keep respect and dimity said. "During the healing week bers on the reserve she feels have and were determined to live. Itwas they were exposed to drumming, trouble reconciling their belief in a a good experience for us." alive for our Elders, so that we Knowledge and wisdom may all benefit from their of Elders to be shared wisdom and knowledge By Penny Gummerson reserve because we all took care which is who - if there is a Windspeaker Contributor of each other," she said. "That's bloodline there or not," she said not there any more," she said, with a laugh. sadly Most of her grandchildren live On behalf of the Board of Directors and Staff at the VANCOUVER Jall is presently trying to es- up north, three live in Vancouver. tablish a drop -in centre. One grandson comes to stay with Elizabeth Alfred is well -know "It's time to bring the elders her for weekends and they play in the Native community as Jall. and the youth together. I think Nintendo. Canadian Aliveiive .riendlhii p Centre She is a 61-year -old Heltsiuk with that's the answer. I can't do any - "I an exceptional sense of humor thing about the leaders today, but Nintendo, so he taught me and and a hearty laugh. This is one I can make better leaders for to- then we would play together. 11205 -101 Street busy woman. morrow. We have to teach them And now I'm hooked," she laughs. Along with being president when they're young. Teach them "I've got my own games now - Edmonton, Alberta T5G 2A4 of the Vancouver Elder's Society, the respect, the sharing and giv- they call me the Nintendo arranging Elder food banks, at- ing. Granny." Phone: (403) 479 -1999 tending meetings, and giving "I deal with people who are People seem to come to Jail Fax: (403) 479 -0043 talks at local high school, she also culturally lost - parents who don't for just about everything. sits on the Senior's Advisory know how to be parents because "You name it, they're in here. Council to the Ministry of Health. their parents didn't know how to Ssometimes I get some coming in And that's not to mention that be parents. Because the few of us here once aweek and they talk for she's mother of ten blood chil- that were brought up by our an hour and then thank me before dren, several foster children, grandparents and never entered they leave and I haven't said a grandmother of 25 and great - residential schools, we know word. They just want to talk to an grandmother of three. what family is about. But when Elder. It's the idea that an Elder This Publication Jal I grew up speaking and liv- they took kids away from their knows better, knows more. ing the Kwakuitl way of life with parents and put them in residen- "My grandmother always is indexed in the her grandparents in Prince tial schools, they had no parents, said,when she used to tell us sto- Rupert. so there was no example of what ries - and if I wasn't looking right "I had a very traditional up- family life should be like or the at her, she would stop because it's bringing living with my grand- responsibilities that you have in not written and I had towatch her parents," she said. "I was taught the village, pulling together as a mouth and hear every word and CAADIAA LDEX very early - even though they community. Ihad to tell it exactly how she told didn't sit me down and teach me it how she was told. "That's missing today. In ur- to me and Indexing is also available online - certain things like respect. And ban community, human re- that's what the Elders did. ,and on Cl) ROM through all of us kids knew - we were sources will take your children "My grandparents always never told you have to respect away and they say they're chang- told me that whatever knowledge Canadian Business and Current Affairs that Elder, we just d id. I was never ing, but it's not. and wisdom you pick up is not told to go and help that ladybring " You see, we have extended really yours, it's for you to give or that man bring wood up to his families - we are all family - my back to the people - the younger house or water or anything - Ijust cousins are my brothers and sis- people. So, that's what I try to do. Micromedia Limited went. ters. My mother's cousins are my I have Elders say to me 'I Canada's Information People 'Where I grew up nobody was aunts and uncles. that's just the don't know anything, I can't help poor because we all shared eve- way it is. Even my nephews call a nyone.' Just being there for some- 20 I ïctoria Street. rything in the village. That was me Granny. I've got so many peo- one is enough -a smile, a hug,just pronto. Ontario At.iC 2N8 before the outside world in. Ï came ple calling me Mom and Aunty show them that you care, that N161362-5211 1-800-.387268.9 There were no poor people on the and Granny that I don't know somebody cares:" r , r Y-( f , JP?0 Web?" ópr Y t a , , . . . . . , REGIONAL WINDSPEAKER, JANUARY 17 - JANUARY 3 I , 1994, PAGE R7 Salute to Elders Elder busier now than ever on Peigan reserve

know mint and activities and of what you are, and not to Getting older has kinnickkinnick. also organizes a worry about what you aren't. only meant There's a lot of trip every year. My children were all baptized it growing out "Last year Catholics, but some of them getting more here and my we rented three don't practice their faith now. I grandmother vans and went just pray for them to go the involved in used to smoke to Seattle and right way and be proud of events it. I feel very Vancouver for themselves." community close to the about a week. English does help teach and tribal council land, thought We do a lot of Blackfoot to the youngsters at there are hard- fundraising, so the Peigan School, substitut- affairs for Louise ships living the trip doesn't ing occasionally, and now as out here by cost much for part of the Elders -in- Residence English, an Elder herself," she each person. I program. on a southern adds. think it was "I really enjoy the teaching. Mud in the only about $50 I think it's important for the - Alberta reserve. spring and last year," Eng- children to know their lan- summer, and lish said. guage." By Barb Grinder ice or snow on The . soci- Several times a year Eng- Windspeaker Contributor the road lead- ety's fund -rais- lish travels to Edmonton, to sit ing down the ing ventures on the Alberta Indian Health steep hill to her include craft Care Department's Elders Ad- PEIGAN, Alta. home often sales and Eng- visory Board. keep English at lish fills much "We give input into their Peigan Elder Louise Eng- home for sev- of her spare policies, and I can visit my chil- lish is probably as busy now as eral days at a time with sew- dren who live there too," she she's ever been - and for a time, espe- ing, a pastime said. Last July she also helped mother of 14 children, that's cially since she she enjoys and organize a pilgrimage to Lac busy indeed. had to sell her excels at. She Ste. Anne, for her church. Though her children are all late husband's also spends Most recently, English has grown - she has 35 grandchil- four -wheel much of her also offered to be a board mem- dren and eight great- grand- pick -up truck. time at the Sa- ber for the Napi Friendship As- children - English is still in- "The pen- cred Heart sociation in Pincher Creek. volved in their lives, especially sion I get just Catholic "It's a challenge. I think it's with the two daughters, three isn't enough to Church, where important to get involved. sons and their families who still live on," she she is one of the There are very few old people live on the reserve. But sew- says. "I have Barb Grinder spiritual advi- left here, especially the ones ing, cooking and housekeep- extra money sors. over 65. (Band records show ing aren't the only things that coming in for The Peigan Elders Society and church activities keep Luise "My par- only 52 seniors living,) so we occupy Louise s time. groceries, but English busy when she's taking time away from her extensive ents were very have to be communicating with She's highly active in her it's very hard family. traditional -my the younger people. They're church, teaches Blackfoot, for most of the mother only going to be the Elders of the works with the Elders Society, old people to manage. meetings. Since then she's be- spoke Blackfoot - but I don't future," she said. spent a term on the tribal coun- "Julius was the chairman come a board member of the really know a lot about the old "It's very important that we cil, and, since her second hus- for the Peigan Health Board Sitting Behind Eagle ways. When I started school, exchange ideas with the peo- band Julius English died three and used to talk about using Tallfeathers Elders Society and (Sacred Heart Boarding ple, and with the Chief and years ago, has been running a an old ambulance the tribe has one of the chief organizers of School,) I only spoke Blackfoot Council, not just about our tra- small ranch on her own. as a Handi -bus for seniors and their meetings and activities. but I never knew about the In- ditions and language, but "I have about 20 head right disabled people, or trading it "We hold a meeting every dian traditions, even though about politics too,'- she adds. now, but I'd like to have more," in for one, but he could never Tuesday, from one to four, and my father, Charlie Crow Ea- "When I was young, Indian lives she said. "I do most of the work get anyone to do anything. You we have people come in to talk gle, was a medicine man." Affairs controlled our myself, though my boys help just have to depend on your to us about what's going on English says she respects completely. They treated us all out sometimes. family if you want to get out - and to hear our concerns. We the old ways of her people, like little children. Now, they so they "I grew up along the river, and if you're in a wheelchair, have it organized with an but, because she doesn't know can't do that anymore, All the and I lived here with my first it's a real problem to get into agenda now, so people know enough about them, she sticks just try to ignore us. husband, Omer (Julius' an ordinary car." what's going on, and we just to the Catholicism she learned politicians do, except at elec- brother,) until his death. My English says when Julius had a formal policy drawn up as a child. tion time. We had an Indian grandmother lived along the died she went through a pe- for the society," she says. "I wouldn't want to get candidate here in the last elec- Roy river too and I used to go with riod of depression, not want- The Elders society also things mixed up and do some- tion, (Liberal, Whitney,) But her to pick plants that she used. ing to go out at all, but eventu- holds a Christmas dinner and thing wrong, so I don't prac- and we supported him. see Liberals I don't know a lot about the ally some of the Elders con- gift exchange every year, hosts tice any of the old ways. I think now you don't the plants my people used, but I vinced her to come to their holy feather games and other what's important is to be proud or anyone come by."

EARLY BIRD SPECIAL The key to our future lies in BIG RE INCOME TAX and ACCOUNTING $1000 our past - Saluting all of the OFF 11107 - 95 Street our regular price for Elders everywhere. tax returns if you book by Edmonton, Alberta February 28, 1994 from the Board, Staff WITH THIS COUPON J and Students 471 -6251 r $500 OFF Ahtahkakoop School SMALL -BUSINESS SPECIALISTS "We make house calls" ALL TAX RETURNS BOOKED Box 190 "Let us make income tax time less taxing" AFTER MARCH 1, 1994 THIS COUPON & since 1980 L WITH J Shell Lake, Sask. Edmonton owned operated 50J 200 If you can't find Windspeaker in your band office, ask why. PAGE R8, JANUARY 17 - JANUARY 3 I , 1994, REGIONAL WINDSPEAKER Salute to Elders Ndilo Elder is a precious community resource By Kerry McCluskey ering and my husband and I asked and there was no reading, same Windspeaker contributor some of the Elders 'what we are as my mom, but they were and they said we are the junior wealthy in cultural knowledge. Elders. Theywere the senior Elders "My mom was not smarter YELLOWKNIFE, N.W.T. because they have grey hair and than any woman but equal with they are very old, old and wise her hands and she never com- Muriel Betsina has overcome and we are the junior Elders," plained or criticized... My dad the physical and mental damage Betsina says amid much laughter. always taught me never to be inflicted upon her for eight years As an Elder and as one who stingy, even if it's your last, give in a Fort Resolution residential has lived through wonderful it all and you'll always be re- school. Betsina was just seven times and survived a great deal of warded and it's never the last, years old when she was removed pain, Betsina works very hard to there's always more." fromhercommunityand culture, help her small community. That philosophy is applied in Kelly McCluskey forced to learn French and Eng- "Early in my life I saw so her life on a day-to-day basis. She Growing up at a lish and lose her mother tongue many beautiful people and lots currently cares full -time for four residential school didn't curb Muriel Betsina's ties to her family and community, or dull her of North Slavey. of Elders and everyone was self - of her grandchildren, making a generous spirit. Betsina rarely her close - saw employed and did everything for total of nine in her household. it's against the law for them to "My morn always said 'my knit her family during stay at the themselves. There was no self- This is down from 13 last year. waste meat so they give it to me girl, never put anybody down.' If Roman institution. But Catholic pity. My parents taught us the Betsina always has extra food or and I clean the meat and dish it they're drinking, they need help. she never forgot life what had good life, there was no scolding clothing for children and their out to all the neighbors and we Always say hi and give them a been like Lake in Fort on Willow and you never heard the elders moms and she is working on a hot have a feast. Someone is always kind word and one day, the smile Norman, near Bear lake. Great argue in the community. It was lunch program with other volun- offering something all the time," on your face will wake them up... "I learned to live the lifestyle a peaceful community. As I grew teers from the Yellowknife Worn- she said. I've always done addictions work of the school and when I went I older, saw a mixture but my en's Centre. As well as getting the lunch - for drugs and alcohol and gam- home after eight years, I had to time was not too bad. "There are lots of kids at home program running, Betsina spends bling. I really understand what learn to live all over again. It was "I've seen a lot of tears in my with empty cupboards and no time at the Women's Centre offer- alcoholics are," she said. very I hard. But the whole time life from Elders, from the young, a lunch. So at the Women's Centre ing advice and helping women Betsina also fights to get the was I all the things away, pictured lot of grieving, like theÿ ve lost we're trying to start a hot lunch from the smaller communities children from Ndilo to stay in my parents would be doing, I someonevery dear and theyweep. program and the kids say they're find shelter and get clothing do- school. always dreamt about it so as not They've never dealt with their happy with this. This will help nations. Her home is always open "I want the young kids to have to get sick,' says Betsina, now the problems - it's why the people them with school." to new arrivals or to guests. an education, to make something mother of seven children and drink so much. They don't know She has become known in In between cooking and her for themselves. The kids drop out grandmother 11. of how to live. There's nosharing, no Ndilo and throughout work at the Women's Centre, early because the parents can't That spirit of resistance and caring, no love, just like how the Yellowknife as always having Betsina attends as many meet- get work and Social Services to family her dedication carried nuns taught us to live," she said. enough for everyone. ings as possible. She goes to the give through doesn't ever enough money the experience and gives Betsina credits her parents "If there's a drum dance or a band meetings, women's meet- and the older kids need more her strength today. Betsina now with teaching her how to be so feast or a death in the family, I ings, and addictions meetings. money and if they work, they lives in Ndilo, a Dene commu- generous and kind. don't know whatitis, always put Betsina also sits on the Northern can't do their homework so they nity on in Latham Island "My dad foresaw the future. an extra dish out. There are al- Addictions Services Board, the drop out There are no gradua- Yellowknife. She has been mar- He wanted me to have an educa- ways extra people so I always band corporation board, and is tions in Ndilo." ried since 1963 and says that 50 at tion, at least to be able cook extra al- advisory person to the Native Betsina has been fighting for years of age, she is considered to nicate with English and to read. ways give me extra caribou and Women's Association." better education since the early be a junior Elder. My dad never had that, he always I'm thankful. Also, the tourist big Addictionworkisparticularly 1980's when her own children left 'There was a big Elders gath- had difficulty expressing English game hunters, like Raven Tours, close to Betsina's heart. school.

10. Advertise: Ensure that everyone knows you're in business 9. Advertise: Take time to promote your business 8. Advertise: Let everybody know what you sell. 7. Advertise: Do not assume that customers will come to you instinctively. 6. Advertise: Thete are countless potential customers who, with some prompting, will do business with you. 5. Advertise: Businesses everywhere are competing for your customers. 4. Advertise: Marketing can be costly, but you won't be disappointed with the response. 3. Advertise: Advertising is an investment - not an expense. 2. Advertise: Allow a generous advertising budget for your business. 1. Advertise: Your valued customers need to be reminded that you appteciate their business.

To obtain the latest copy of "Advantage" or to find out more, contact the advertising professional for your area at 1- 800 -661 -5469.

Your national Aboriginal publication with the speaker "Advantage" WINDSPEAKER, JANUARY 17 - JANUARY 3 I, 1994, PAGE 7 I 993:A tongue -in -cheek look back

As the world slowly creeps the number of people wanting to job, and probably a house in the into the year 1994, it gives many of kill themselves. RCMP's witness relocation pro- us the chance to reflect on the pre- The explosion of interest in the gram. Now what's wrong with ceding year and its events. Upon DREW underground èconomy of this picture? examination, 1993 was an impor- buttlegging. The flow of illegal Native novelist Thomas King tant year for the Aboriginal peo- HAYDEN TAYLOR cigarettes crossing the St. Law- was nominated for the Governor ple of this country. There were rence at the Akwesasne Reserve General's Award for his wonder- many things to be proud of and caught the media's eye this year fully fun novel Green Grass, Run- pridefully show the world, but as when the Cornwall mayor was ning Water. It told the story of seems to happen all too often in allegedly shot at because of his Indians, dams, legends, silliness the Native world, many negative request for a crackdown on the and general chaos. I guess white and tragic events seemed to domi- brand new legislative assembly politicians Elijah Harper, who contraband trade. Well, they do people would call it Parliament. nate our communities. building in Yellowknife. Now they added a whole new dimension to say smoking is bad for you. Jean Chreti art selectionasPrime Add the fact it was also the have to build another one in the Nancy Reagan s "J ust Say No" cam- Manitoba Cree Stan McKay was Minister of Canada. In 1969, In- International Year of the World's Eastern Arctic. With self- govern- paign, and Ovide Mercredi, who named Moderator (head honcho) dian Affairs Ministet'Chretien or- Indigenous Peoples, a detail that ment a pproaching, does that mean did more for Indians in suits than of the United Church of Canada chestrated the infamous White was largely missed or ignored by every reserve will get one? when Graham Greene played a for a two -year term. Now there's Paper, calling for the elimination the government and p opul ace, and In the entertainment world, lawyer on L. A. Law. The books something you don't see often, a of reserves and the end of all spe- it all adds up to the conclusion it Native people are still "in. Big contain just about everything you Native person telling the Church cial status for Native people, was a very interesting year in more Hollywood moviesThunderheart wanted to know about the men, what to do. which he said prevented them ways than one. and Geronimo were released to the myths and the type of suits The release after little more than from becoming equal citizens of Film -maker Alanis lukewarm responses. And a spe- they wear. How far behind can the two years in jail of the white Canada. Supposedly he has since Obomsawin's award -winning dal mention should go out to the movie dramatizations be? Elijah supremacist /RCMP informer backtracked a bit on that stance 1 documentary about Oka, CBC for being economically Harper, in his best Cree /Clint who was convicted of shooting a butyou know what they say about Kanesatake: 270 Years of Resist - minded by using practically the Eastwood accent asking, "What Cree trapper as he left his store in leopards and their spots. With a ance. In the real world of cowboys same identical Native casts for part of no don't you understand ?" wonderful downtown Prince majority government, anything and Indians, we salute Ms. North of 60, Medicine River and The unfortunately cyclical rash Albert, Sask. The murder resulted is possible. That's the thing about Obomsawin for showing us who Spirit Rider. Who says Indians of suicides and attempted suicides in a public inquiry that criticized Canada, you never know what the bad guys actually were.I guess don't all look alike? in communities like Davis Inlet. the police and prosecutors for not can happen. If Leonard Cohen John Wayne is still dead. The Royal Commission on Abo- They blame it on the fact they need recognizing the role racism may could win Best Male vocalist, don't Nunavut: the Northwest Terri- riginal Peoples. Whereisit? What's a new community, preferably one have played in the shooting. White be surprised if all us Indians are tories were split into two separate it done? Has it disappeared into that's livable (damn Indians, al- supremacist shoots Indian in the booted off the reserve and end up political entities this year, one for the Ottawa Triangle with all the wayswanting something!). Rumor b ack. Nope, no racism there. When in your 'burb looking for afford- the Inuit and one for the non -Inuit. other commissions? Was Amelia has it that, for some strange rea- all's said and down, Leo LaChance able split -level duplexes. Now This occurred after the govern- Earhart the chairperson? son, a healthy and proud environ- is still dead, and Carney Nerland there's a scary thought, for both ment just finished completing a Political biographies of Native ment might actually cut down on has been given a new identity, a sides.

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It makes keeping your Purchase Order to fall, you must continue to do so until spring, when their natu- ral food supply track your membership as easy as 802 843 -2275 becomes available again. of As for what to put in your feeder, a mixture of millet, hemp, pressing the enter key on your computer. ORIGINS PLUS buckwheat, cracked corn, and sunflower seeds is a good all- You can pull reports in any format you around choice. It is rich in carbohydrates and is an excellent wish and include only the fields you CANADA sells for source of warmth and energy. Unsalted sunflower seeds are also $325 U.S. plus a $10.00 recommended, especially for blue jays, chickadees, grosbeaks, want. It prints mailing labels and ID and nuthatches. cards as well. ' shipping charge. It's also a good idea to provide some sort of fat for insect eat- ers such as chickadees, woodpeckers, and nuthatches. Simply Other available software from DCI: attach bacon rind or suet (from a butcher's shop) to a tree- trunk. For more information on feeding birds, please write to ROBERT'S RULES. Meetings Management Software Canadian Wildlife Federation GRANT'S MANAGER Software for managing grants and contracts g Communications Department tip 2740 Queensview Drive Ottawa, Ontario K2B 1A2 QUESTIONS? CALL US AT 802 843 -2290 Attention Teachers! Join your fellow educators who have discovered the value of Windspeaker as a learning resource. Windspeaker in the classroom provides students with a wide range of information including: current events, cultural awareness and sensitivity, training opportunities, life skills development, and role models. Teachers and Educators Enquire About Windspeaker's Special Educational Bulk Subscription Rates CALL TOLL FREE: 1- 800 -66 1. -5469 8, JANUARY 17 - JANUARY 3 I, 1994, WINDSPEAKER PAGE Business , ì ... .: p Institute launches consulting arm OPASKWAYAK CREE NA- gram, leading to a Bachelor of can make the consulting arm as TION, Man. Arts degree with a major in busi- successful. Ownership types ness administration at Brandon `There is a real need for this One of Doug Erdman's first University, began in May 1992. type of business expertise in our priorities as the new executive Four partners, members of communities and we are optimis- director of the Northern Mani- an academic program commit- tic that the program will do much carry pros, cons toba Business Institute will be to tee, provide advice and direction to boost the local economies of the activate the institute's business to the business training program. First Nations, as well as provide By Heather Halpenny consulting development arm. They include the Swampy Cree valuablebusinessconsultingserv- Windspeaker Contributor The NMBI, established in the Tribal Council, Brandon Univer- ices to the general public all over Opaskwayak Cree Nation in 1991 sity, Keewatin Community Col- northern Manitoba," Buck said. through a joint venture between lege and Inter- Universities North. Erdman, from Lethbridge, There is no simple answer about what kind of business ownership the Swampy Cree Tribal Council The program makes univer- Alta., has degrees in commerce is best for you and your business. The advantages and disadvantages of and Brandon University, is the sity-level business study possible and business administration. He a sole proprietorship, a partnership and a corporation are shown for you first of its kind in Canada. Its two in the north for the first time. has worked ineconomic and com- to see what would suit your needs. If you have a business question, send components include a business Courses are offered in the seven munity development as general it care of Windspeaker and Ill answer it in the column. training program and the new SwampyCreeTribalCouncilFirst manager of the Liard V alley Band business consulting wing. Nations, The Pas and surround- DevelopmentCorporation inFort Advantages of sole proprietorships: Registration for full and part- ing area. Liard, N.W.T., and as a consult- is pay the Easy to start, easy to stop: All you need to do pay the bills, time study in the Northern Busi- NMBI board president Chief ant to the Fort Nelson Band in taxes and stop doing business. ness Management Training Pro- Philip Buck is confident Erdman northern British Columbia. Profits are all yours. In poor years, all the losses are yours, too. Plenty of personal satisfaction and motivation: Since the buck stops with you, you work the hours needed to make it a success. You are your own boss, you make the decisions and you run the show. NORTHERN MANITOBA BUSINESS INSTITUTE INC. Simple to run: Sole proprietorships are often small and simple to run. Usually the operator is the owner and so decisions canbe made quickly. The Northern Manitoba Business Institute, a partnership of the Swampy Secrecy: You keep your business to yourself because so few public reports are filed. You stay ahead of your competitors because they don't Cree Tribal Council and Brandon University is currently in the process of know what you are doing. activating its business development arm. To this end, it is compiling an Disadvantages of sole proprietorships: inventory of: Unlimited liability of owners: You alone are liable for any business debts. You could be ordered to sell your house or car or boat to pay these economic development consultants and organizations debts. Lack ofcontinuity: Ifanythinghappenstoyou ,thebusinessis finished. specializing in Northern Canada Difficulty in raising capital: You can only use your personal assets for collateral for bank loans. This lack of available capital can limit the funding agencies in the private and public sector seeking growth of your company. Management limitation: You can't know all there is to know about Northern Canadian clients marketing, financing, human relations and management. Should you wish to be listed, please send complete details of your services to: Advantages of partnerships: Ease and low cost of formation: You can sign a partnership agreement cheaper and faster than you can form a corporation. Northern Manitoba Business Institute Availability of capital: You can get more capital than a sole proprietor- ship. Both partners can borrow against your combined personal assets. P.O.Box3240 If you need more money, you can bring more partners into the business. Bigger pool of management skills: "Two heads together are greater The Pas, Manitoba than one." You and your partner can complement each other in strengths R9A 1R8 and abilities. High amount of commitment and motivation: You are both responsi- Attention: Mr. Doug Erdman - Executive Director ble for all aspects of business. This can be a large incentive for both partners to work hard. Telephone# (204) 623 6378 Retention of valuable employees: You can often keep important Fax# (204) 623 2882 employees without bringing them into the partnership.

Disadvantages of partnerships: Unlimited liability of partners: You are responsible for your own business debt as well as the debt of your partner. More opportunity for fighting about management decisi ons: The more ,u people there are, the easier it is to fight about how things should be run. You may find the fighting makes it harder to make important decisions. Decisions are slowed down by the need to discuss and resolve problems. Difficulty in withdrawing and investment: Old business saying: "It's "THE NATIVE PERSPECTIVE" easy to invest in a partnership and hard to get money out again. Just like marriage." MEMBER OF THE ABORIGINAL RADIO NETWORK

Advantages of corporations: Limited liability of owners: A corporation is a legal entity separate and apart from the owners. If the business is bankrupt the owners are only Ray Fox and Herb Desjarlais host the Aboriginal liable for the amount of money that they paid for in shares the company. show. Join Ray and Herb Creditors have no claim on the personal assets of the owners of the Radio Network's morning company. for a fun -filled and tear -jerking start to your day with Greater ease obtaining capital: The company can sell shares in the the best Aboriginal traditional and contemporary music. company to bring more capital to the company. News at the top of the hour in Cree and English Ongoing existence: Partnerships and sole proprietorships usually end keeps you up to date. at the death of the owners. A corporation is a separate legal entity. It can continue to operate as a business. Greater efficiency in management: Corporations hire people with 6:00 - 9:00 a.m. - Mountain Standard Time skills in business. If they cannot do thejob, someone else is hired. But sole proprietors must be jack -of -all- trades in their business. And a partner NEWS who is not pulling her weight can easily be replaced. NATIVE PERSPECTIVE MIDDAY Native Perspective Midday News is hosted by Disadvantages of corporations: a Expense: Corporations are costly to establish. Even a simple corpora- Rob Hill and James Miller and features half hour tion can cost $1,000. of news, views and interviews. Complex taxes: Usually corporations need specialists to help prepare Special features include Paul Harvey News, tax forms for federal and provincial governments. For smaller compa- Ed Whalen Commentary, Entertainment History etc. nies, taxes are a big headache. Loss of secrecy: Publicly incorporated firms are required to publish annual reports. These are expected to make the business of the corpora- 1 1:30 a.m. - Noon - Mountain Standard Time tion public information. Lack of personal involvement: People tend to work harder for sole *R. HOUR proprietorship and partners because it isn't a big, impersonal company. NATIVE PERSPECTIVE NEWS 'Each form of business ownership has its advantages and disadvan- Native Perspective National News Hour tages. You are the best one to know what is right for you. Next column Balash Canada's top news makers. we talk to a woman entrepreneur who never gave up her dream. If you Tracy interviews are dreaming of getting into business this spring, now is a good time for '<'; One hour of news, views and interviews. planning. Call us at no cost with your questions. (Heather Halpenny isa partner in Crocker Consulting Inc. The Edmonton 6:00 - 7:00 p.m. - Mountain. Standard Time phone number is 432 -1009.) WINDSPEAKER, JANUARY 17 - JANUARY 31, 1994, PAGE 9 Arts and Entertainment Author hopeful relations between Liberals, Micmacs will help speed problem -solving

By Stephanie O'Hanley negotiated sometime," he are peaceful, negotiated set- r, 4, Windspeaker Contributor said. tlements on many vexing is- But it takes time to nego- sues. We will not use force, tiate things that go back over we will negotiate," he said. i7 Dan Paul, executive di- centuries, said Paul, who rep- Savage and his govern- y . rector of the Confederacy of resents about 4,000 status ment came under fire last July Mainland Micmacs, said he Micmacs from six reserves in after RCMP raided Micmac r. suspects Micmacs will work Mainland Nova Scotia. reserves and seized alleged 7, out a lot of problems with the "I think the Premier, John contraband tobacco. He has ,.,, new Liberal government in Savage, has a real commit- since apologized to Micmacs Nova Scotia. ment, a real desire to right for what happened. WERE The relationship between some of the wrongs of the Micmacs say the Treaty Micmacs and the new Liberal past," he said. of 1752, signed by their an- .,. .... government is on a very Savage, who is also pro- cestors and the British good keel at this point in vincial minister responsible Crown, guarantees them a time,' Paul said at a recent for Aboriginal Affairs, said full tax exemption for all book launch for We were Not his government accepts a "na- goods and the right to sell the Savages, his account of tion-to- nation" relationship tax -free tobacco on reserves. ... the history of confrontations with Micmacs and recognizes They also say the treaty gives between Micmacs and Euro- Micmac treaties, particularly them the right to fish and peans. the Treaty of 1752. hunt for food. THE\...OT Paul said he hopes to see "This government recog- Currently, Nova Scotia agreements in a lot of areas nizes that Micmacs havé the Micmacs must pay provincial over the next three -and -a -half inherent right to self- govern- taxes on most goods pur- years of the Liberal's man- ment. We are committed to chased off -reserve. Tobacco ...... date. working together to achieve is not taxed, but it is restricted SAVAGES "We have an Aboriginal a common goal," he said. by quotas. claim to this area that's never Savage said current gov- In 1985, the Supreme -, ; t t1 11aI ! been settled and has to be ernment negotiations with Court of Canada upheld L;j,IIIIe Micmacs over issues like taxa- hunting and fishing rights for qHi Ltir1fll{I, Ip't1'{.u6p@dn tion are burrs under the sad- Micmacs, but they continue ip{Er,t!yl!!8{'{!tflt9tír;l Correction dles of both Micmacs and to fight provincial regulations government. restricting hunting and fish- Whoops! Bigwhoops! Did "My government's goals ing. WIELI:P[fI ll we make a mess of it! We got the winners of our Christmas story writing contest wrong - or one of alive them anyway. Birch -bark biter keeps art form The third place win - ner is Laurie Pasqua of the By Gina Teel But tucked among the looking for someone to pass to Beaver Lake. Today, Levac Pasqua Reserve in Sas- Windspeaker Correspondent back pages was an article the ancient Cree art form on is one of just three women in katchewan for her story about one of the last birch to. Canada entrusted to keep the about Danny's Kokum, bark biters in North America, "I was really looking for art form alive. And thanks to not Daniel Beatty Pawis EDMONTON Angelique Merasty. Al- something to do with my life guest spots on Bill Cosby's as was stated in the Jan. 3 though no relation, Levac's that I would be proud of and You Bet Your Life television issue. Also, Yvonne Angelique Levac never maiden name is Merasty. In- my people would be proud show, CBC's Vicki Gabereau Wuttunee lives in Calgary, guessed she would meet her trigued by the coincidence, of," Levac said. "I knew at and scores of gift shows, the not on the Pasqua Reserve. destiny thumbing through a Levac read on. She discov- that point that I was supposed art of birch bark biting is now Our deepest apologies for small, dog -eared northern ered that the daughter -less to carry this on." known throughout Canada any misunderstandings publication while waiting in Merasty lived in a remote To learn the rare art form, and the U.S. this may have caused. a post office near Prince cabin at Beaver Lake in north- Levac made numerous pil- Birch bark biting was tra- George, B.C. ern Saskatchewan and was grimages over several years ditionally used as design pat- . terns for decorating with por- cupine quills and beads. Only unblemished, paper -thin size -specific pieces of bark are SNOW YOUR TRUE COLOURS carefully peeled from se- lected birch trees. The artist then folds the bark three WEARYOUR FAVORITE WINDSPEAKER times, and using the teeth, bites gently but firmly on the OR NATIVE PERSPECTIVE CLOTHING - bark, thus creating tooth im- EVERYONE ELSE IS ! pressions. Once the bark is un- each folded, a unique, geometric SWEATSHIRTS: 27.50 design is revealed. Patterns SHIRTS: 17.50 each of flowers, birds, wolves, T- deer, moose, beaver and bees 12.00 each are some of the more com- plex designs Levac creates. 7.50 each Matted and framed, they are CAPS: a unique, one -of -a -kind Na- tive art form. Levac showed JACKETS: WINDSPEAKER LOGO ONLY 80.00 each her work along with that of SPECIFY WINDSPEAKER OR NATIVE PERSPECTIVE LOGOS SIZES AVAILABLE M, L, XL two dozen other Aboriginal ALL PRICES PAYABLE IN CANADIAN FUNDS artists recently in Edmonton AND INCLUDE GST AND SHIPPING /HANDLING While the biting is labor - PLEASE ALLOW 4 -6 WEEKS FOR DELIVERY intensive, Levac said gather- ing the bark is where the real NAME work is. Each year, Levac and ADDRESS' her husband travel 2,000 CITY: PROVINCE: miles to Manitoba to collect POSTAL /ZIP: PHONE' the choicest velvety white AMEX bark. VISA MASTER CARD "It's hard to find the right CARD NO. EXP. DATE NATIVE PERSPECTIVE WINDSPEAKER BOXERS AND kind of bark," she said, add- SWEATSHIRT SHOWN SWEATSHIRT SHOWN ing that she only removes SIGNATURE what she needs and does so T5M 2V6 SEND YOUR ORDER TO: WINDSPEAKER NATIVE PERSPECTIVE CLOTHING 15001- 112 AVENUE, EDMONTON, ALBERTA, CANADA in an environmentally friendly way. "You can't even CHARGE YOUR ORDER TO YOUR CREDIT CARD BY CALLING tell that I've peeled it when TOLL FREE 1- 800 -661 -5469 I'm done," PAGE 10, JANUARY 17 - JANUARY 31, 1994, WINDSPEAKER Arts and Entertainment Silent Tongue showcases Native actresses her work as the spirit of Awbonnie. Tousey has demon- REVIEW strated incredible range as an By Josie C. Auger actress and her work is com- Windspeaker Contributor mendable. The Kickapoo Indian Medi- cine Show features the trick rid- SAN FRANCISCO, Calif. ing of Jeri Arredondo (Velada). She won the role because the film If you can visualize the Wild required a Native American ac- W est as an Indian medicine show, tress who could ride well. Silent Tongue is the movie to see. In this film, Tantoo Cardinal The Kickapoo Indian Medi- plays the tragic title character cine Show is a travelling stage Silent Tongue, an Indian woman that features society's outcasts. who has had her tongue cut out The show travels across the prai- for speaking against the head- rie and the performers are musi- man of her tribe. She was an cians, black child dancers, midg- early casting choice because of ets, a wild woman, the paralyzed her work in Black Robe and man with very long curly nails, Dances With Wolves. U n - Velada, an Indian princess trick like many of the recent stere- rider and Eamon McCree, the otypical movies featuring warri- Josie C. Auger leader of the show. ors, this movie gives Native ac- Jeri Arredondo, being interviewed by a Eamon McCree, played by television crew at the American Indian Film Festival, tresses an opportunity to show plays trick rider Velada in Silent Tongue. Alan Bates, is a big drunk who their stuff. Unfortunately, the sells elixirs to the small crowds mother to his son. father tries to save him by buy- cliché, with daylight and church Native women are characterized that gather around the stage. McCree and the Indian ing the Velada, played by Jeri bells ringing signifying the rest- as victims of both white and male McCree sells these elixirs on woman have two daughters to- Arredondo. ful state Awbonnié s spirit is in. power. the pretense that the product gether. Since the daughters are After watching this film,writ- When the film was intro- Aside from Silent Tongue, was obtained from a medicine Indian, he sells the oldest to ten and directed by Sam Shepard, duced at the Palace of Fine Arts sympathy for the family of River man. He spends a lot of his Prescott Roe, played by Richard I was left with a very somber in San Francisco, Michael Smith, Phoenix was expressed. Phoenix time consuming the drink and Harris. The daughter Awbonnie, feeling. The story was weak be- the director of the recent Ameri- died Oct. 31. During the making is almost always drunk. He's a played by Sheila Tousey, is given cause of its portrayal of the spirit can Indian Film Festival in San of this film he had offered his repulsive character who finds to Roe's son Talbot Roe, played world.Awbonnié s spiritisvenge- Francisco, credited the impres- trailer to Sheila Tousey, so she Silent Tongue, played by by River Phoenix. ful and full of hate. She appears sive talents of the Native ac- could use the space to get into Tantoo Cardinal, in the prairie Awbonnie dies in childbirth mostly at night, with demonic tresses. Having seen Sheila character. alone. He takes it upon himself and her spirit haunts Talbot Roe. eyes and a half -rotted face. The Tousey as Louise in Medicine Silent Tongue will be in Ca- to rape her and make her a He is crazed with grief and so his conclusion of the film is a little River, it was a sharp contrast to nadian theatres in February.

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CHEQUE / MONEY ORDER TO: Windspeaker FEBRUARY 28 - MARCH 7, 1994 15001 - 112 Avenue Edmonton, Alberta T5M 2V6 Book and Periodical Council Phone: (403)455 -2700 35 Spadina Road, Toronto, Ontario M5R 2S9 Tel. 416/975 -9366 Fax 416/975 -1839 $10 charge forall N.S.F. cheques f Subscriptions Outside Canada $40 WINDSPEAKER, JANUARY 17 - JANUARY 31, 1994, PAGE I I News Indian Claims Commission supports Protest hunting rights of Saskatchewan bands provides OTTAWA rights, Chief Commissioner LaForme said.Thebands should under the Specific Claims Policy, Harry LaForme said. enter into talks with Ottawa make recommendations on com- Canada should recognize The area, which includes under a different process to en- pensation and act as an inde- escape hunting rights of three northern part of the Northwest Territo- sure the Denesuline people's pendent arbitrator between SaskatchewanNativebands, the ries, was named by the three treaty harvesting rights "are re- bands and the government. Indian Claims Commission re- bands as traditional hunting spected and fulfilled.' So far, the commission has ported late last month. ground in a land claim rejected The claims commission was accepted 74 claims from First chances The commission ruled the by Ottawa in 1989. The bands established by Ottawa in the fall Nations and is currently con- Athabasca Denesuline Nation requested an inquiry in 1992, of 1991 following the Oka Crisis ducting 36 claims inquiries. Continued from page 1. near Fond du Lac, Black Lake which the commission agreed to examine and report on the Three inquiries were completed The six adults escaped po- and Hatchet Lake have the right to undertake last January. federal government's land claim last year. The first ruled Ottawa lice custody a few hours later to hunt, fish and trap through- Under Canada's Specific rejections and compensations breached treaty and fiduciary when a group of 150 Innu sur- out their traditional territories. Claims Policy, however, the fed- from settlement negotiations. obligations with two western rounded the RCMP's patrol And Ottawa is obliged to eral government is not equipped The commission can rule on bands over the creation of the cabin following Hyslop's depar- "recognize and protect" those to deal with the grievance, the validity of a rejected claim Primrose Air Weapons Range. ture from the village. Rich had said the RCMP gave the six men the option of walking out to the community's W1ND SPIEA KER 'S airfield in shackles accompanied W I by police or peacefully making CA their way. I own EE ' SECT! The men chose to leave peacefully and when they emerged from the building, the NATIVE FAMILY gathered crowd surrounded SUPPORT WORKER them and "took them home," she said. FOR THE But a vandalism spree over CHEHALIS INDIAN BAND the Christmas holidays forced Rich to call in the RCMP and SALES PROFESSIONAL arrest the group again. have diploma i n So- Must Some of the 12 who escaped Windspeaker - Canada's National Aboriginal News Publication cial Services or relevant disci- police custody are among the seeks an enthusiastic, self- motivateeh experienced advertising sales pline with proven competence vandals, she said. diverse range Aboriginal in family support counselling Recalling the RCMP to the professional. Familiarity with the of and related skills. community was also one of the communities across Canada would be an asset. The position is based conditions that provincial offi- in Edmonton, Alberta. Send resume: cials required before they Attention: Sharron John would return to the relocation If you think you have the skills and energy required to join and Band Manager talks, Rich said. contribute to our award-winning team - Chehalis Indian Band But now that the police are please forward your resume to: RR1, Comp. 66 back in the village, the prov- Agassiz, B.C. VOM lAO ince is demanding that the jud ge Phone: (604) 796 -2116 and court be allowed to return Mr. Paul Macedo as well. Fax: (604) 796 -3946 do Windspeaker 1 5001 -I 12 Avenue Edmonton, Alberta But that is unacceptable, T5M 2V6 Deadline for applications Rich said. The negotiations Noon, January 28, 1994 relocation with the province are now being conducted through the Innu Nation. To advertise in the Canaua Windspeaker's Career Section, please call 1- 800 -661 -5469 44 I'm sure glad that Drug/Alcohol Program you are coming through Officer the airwaves to us $51,724 - $59,049 The Crea Board of Health and Social Services of today. The live music James Bay, responsible for administering a 32 -bed re- Health Canada was exceptional, but Ontario gional hospital centre, a social services centre, two Ottawa, group homes, two reception centres and nine clinics and Cree population of that's to be expected As a Program Officer, you will develop, coordinate and interpret research providing primary care to the and to fill the following position: other directed studies to provide a basis for national program planning James Bay, seeks when you have deadly First policy development in the area of alcohol and drug abuse as it relates to with advice Metis cutting loose. Nations and Inuit communities. You will provide the government Director of drug abuse and content expertise on treatment aspects of alcohol and among this study group. Youth Protection Thank you very much an acceptable degree from a recognized university with specialization You have as you oversee the relevant Based in Chisasibi, you will be required to travel frequently in sociology, health economics or statistics, or some other specialty application of the Youth Protection Act, the Adoption Act, the Youth Offenders Act, and Ray, and please keep up You combine this with current experience related to the fields to the position. the Health and Social Services Law, and assume responsibility for managing foster strategic planning and programmatic of alcohol and drug abuse in: long-range placement and the operation of the group homes. In addition, the management this wonderful and and treatment implementation and evaluation of addiction prevention functions you will carry out for nine communities will include policy planning, and private, heartwarming programs; consulting and negotiating with First Nations /or Inuit development and implementation, client case supervision andevaluation, and commu- voluntary or governmental organizations; extensive application of substantive nication. Since we are in the process of organizational change, you, as a member of broadcast. It seems First in the organizational philosophy and knowledge related to the alcohol and drug fields as they relate to Senior Management, will also participate setting of the Nations and /or Inuit communities; project management. Knowledge objectives. to always bring me English language is essential. An exemplary team leader, you must possess a university degree in Social Work closer to home, 1994, or equivalent knowledge and experience coupled with proficiency with the judicial To explore this opportunity, send your application by February 11, services law. Your ability to create and apply culturally quoting reference number 59331- 5377- 16JL .(D99), to: system and the social no matter how appropriate social work approaches in the James Bay environment must be supported staffing Officer by a background in administration and effective communication skills in English and far away I am, 11 Public Service Commission of Canada French. Fluency in Cree is an asset. 66 Slater Street, Ottawa, Ontario KIA 0M7 Your annual benefits will include a salary between $48,996 and $63,696, an Eddie Wright, Should you require more specific information concerning this position, isolation premium of $5,955 if single, or $9,526 with dependents, fourweeks'vacation, three or four paid outings depending on fnuvik NWT please contact Odette Johnston at (613) 957 -3392. another Motor professional development, and your status. We will also assume your moving and storage expenses, and provide you to Employment Equity. We are committed with lodging. Vous pouvez obtenir ces renseignements en français. Please send your resume by January 21, 1994, to Lise Brodeur, Personnel CFWE Cree Board of Health and Social Services of 11,1 Public Service Commission Commission de le fonction publique Management Consultant, THE NATIVE PERSPECTIVE at Cena da du Cenada James Bay, Chisasibi, Quebec JOM 1E0. 89- 9 FAA u

PAGE 12, JANUARY I7 - JANUARY 31, 1994, WINDSPEAKER TB diagnosis once meant a lonely confinement Patients sent hundreds of miles from home to recover from illness By Linda Caldwell be beyond practical use. He re- Windspeaker Staff Writer fused to go to hospital to have a new one fitted because he had active TB EDMONTON and didn't want to be admitted. Loneliness and isolation The hospitalization was of- ten an experience usually accompanied a diagno- that altered their lives permanently. Inuit sis of tuberculosis for Indian and artist Inuit people, who were forced Kenojuak from Baffin Is- land to spend their recovery time in recalled her excitement at sanatoriums hundreds of miles the prospect of being X -rayed from home. for the first time in 1946 because Before effective antibiotic the arrival of the annual sea -lift into use was also achance to reunite with treatments came in the friends 1960s, that stay could last years, and family. Kenojuak and Indigenous peoples were was later hospitalized in Que- usually surrounded bya bec for TB, leaving behind a strange husband environment and people who and two small children. did not even speak the same During her three -year absence, language. both children died. In western Canada, aborigi- For the family left at home, the nal TB patients were sent to the absence of a spouse often meanta threat TB sanatorium at the Charles to survival. Many lived Camsell Hospital in Edmonton. people still traditional life- styles, surviving The average length of stay for by hunting and the patients, some from far trapping, and survival was sim- as ply away as Grise Fjord in the Cana- not possible with one less person dian Arctic,was 28 months. (One contributing. Sometimes the sick spouse had to male patient spent a total 11 be re- of placed. years at the hospital.) This caused a great deal To help pass the time and of disruption and anguish when National the earn a little spending money, Archives of Canada/PA- 139314 patient recovered and re- patients were encouraged to take Connie Nalvanna from Coppermine, NWT embroiders mukluks to pass time during her turned home. at the part in the arts and crafts pro- hospitilization Charles Camsell Hospital in 1968. For children, prolonged gram as occupational therapy. separation from their cultures treatments and HIV, has star- there is no community that national awareness of their and languages More than 400 artifacts from this tled and alarmed health made returning care didn't have families disrupted plight. home difficult. One program were collected by the workers across North child re- America, by TB," said McCormack. Dr. G.J. Wherrett, secretary turned home after years in the Camsell over a 40 -year period, said Dr. David Penman, an epi- Assistant curator Ruth of the Canadian Tuberculosis hospital including carvings, and couldn't remem- clothing, demiologist with Health and McConnell, who co- authored Association, conducted a sur- ber a word of his jewelry, paintings and draw- Welfare language. He Canada. He was ad- the book with Annalisa R. Sta- vey and produced a report on wouldn't obey his parents and ings. That collection now be- dressing a meeting of the Abo- pies, puts it more strongly: health conditions in the Mac- eventually they sent him to a longs to the Provincial Museum riginal Nurses Association of "There's probably no families kenzie Delta in 1944 which also residential school because he of Alberta, whose curatorial staff Canada. thathaven tbeen scarred by TB." helped prompt government ac- have produced the book Soap- While and Soapstone Seed The government didn't as- tion. Joe Koaha, an Inuit boy, stone and Seed Beads. Beads is in part an examination sumeresponsibility forthetreat- Starting in 1947, X -ray sur- learned Cree in the hospital and The book is "a chapter in the of the collection, it is also a look ment of Indigenous peoples veys were sent across the north was unhappy he history of tuberculosis treatment at the when went circumstances surround- until after the Second World to identify infected people, who home to Cambridge Bay. in Canada," writes Ethnology ing TB treatment at the time War. A long- standing policy of were institutionalized imme [- "I don't like Eskimos," he Curator and editor Patricia A. and the effects this treatment refusing reimbursement for ately, 75 to 80 per cent of them in said. "I can't understand what McCormack. had on Aboriginal and Inuit their care meant those with ad- southern centres. they are saying. I speak Its release is particularly patients. Cree." vanced pulmonary tuberculosis Not all patients went will - Because of language diffi- timely in light of the recent in- By the 1930s,TBhad reached often weren't treated. ingly. Courts could order peo- culties and the fact communica- crease in TB cases among Abo- epidemic proportions among A combination of factors fi- ple to report for treatment if they tions between riginals, she added. hospitals and Aboriginals and Inuit. Between nally prodded the government did not go on their own or if they families in remote areas were In 1989, for the first time in 1930 and 1945, the mortality rate into action. Americans and Brit- left the hospital against medical almostnon- existent, some fami- decades, Statistics for Indians Canada was about 800 per ish soldiers stationed in the Ca- advice lies saw members go south, noted a 4.5 per cent increase in 100,000 people, compared to 50 nadian Arctic recounted stories An artificial leg in the never to return. the rate of TB, with almost one- per 100,000 in the general popu- of starvation and poor living Camsell collection is an exam - "A lot of people fifth of those cases among Abo- lation. Among didn't come the Inuit, that fig- conditions of northern Natives, ple of how far people would go home," co- McConnell riginal people. The emergence ure was author as high as 1,000 per due in part to a decline in the fur to avoid hospitalization. The said. "They just ended up dying of a drug -resistant strain, linked 100,000 in the 1940s. trade after the Second World original owner wore it until it down south and the families to improper use of antibiotic "It shattered communities; War. This led to a growing inter- was falling apart and seemed to didn't know where."

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