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Home , Architecture of Jiangxi, Ganzhou, Huichang County, Jiangxi, Ruijin, Yongxin County

E1263 VOL. 6 People's Republic of

Expressway Public Disclosure Authorized World Bank Financed Ruijing-

Public Disclosure Authorized Evaluation Report on Cultural Relic Resource Public Disclosure Authorized

Jiangxi Provincial Cultural Relic Administrative

Jiangxi Provincial Cultural Relic & Archeology Research Institute Public Disclosure Authorized

October 20 2005 Entity in Charge: Jiangxi Provincial Cultural Relic Administrative

l People's Republic of China

World Bank Financed Ruijing-Ganzhou Expressway

Evaluation Report on Cultural Relic Resource

Jiangxi ProvincialCultural .Rlic Administrative

Jiangxi Provincia iitural Ric & Archeology Researtitute

October 20 2005 Entity in Charge: Jiangxi Provincial Cultural Relic Administrative Prepared by: Jiangxi Provincial Cultural Relic & Archeology

Research Institute

Name of Project: Third Jiangxi Highway Project (-Ganzhou Expressway) Person in Charge: Wang

Participants: Yan Zhenghong, Lai Zhulong, Zhaoyao

Add: No.99 Xinzhou Rd., City Post Code: 330008 Tel: 0791-6595094 0791 -6592823 Fax: 0791-6595857

Assistants: Museum of Ganzhou City, Cultural Relic Administrative of Ruijin City, Museum of

Huichang County, Museum of ,

Museum of Gan County

2 (C7"iite"ts

1. Description of Ruijin to Ganzhou Expressway (RGE) 2. Necessity of Cultural Relic Resource Evaluation 3. Cultural Relic Distribution along the Alignment 4. Conclusions and Suggestions Attached Table: List of Cultural Relics along Alignment of RGE in Feasibility Study Stage

Figure 1 Distribution of Key Cultural Relics along Alignment of Ruijin-Ganzhou Expressway (RGE) in preliminary design Figure 2 Distribution of Key Cultural Relics along Alignment of Ruijin-Ganzhou Expressway (RGE) in preliminary design Figure 3 Distribution of Key Cultural Relics along Alignment of Ruijin-Ganzhou Expressway (RGE) in preliminary design

3 People's Republic of China World Bank Financed Ruijing-Ganzhou Expressway

1. Description of Ruijin to Ganzhou Expressway (RGE)

The national expressway network includes 7 expressways with being the starting point in a radiating manner, 9 longitudinal expressways from north to south and 18 vertical expressways from east to west, it can be called "7918 network" for short. - Expressway (Xiacheng Expressway), one of the longitudinal one among "7918 network", originates in Xiamen of Province, via of Fujian Province, Ruijin City and Ganzbou City of Jiangxi Province, of Province, Guilin of Zhuang Autonomous Region, of Province, and terminates in Chengdu of Suichuan Province with a total length of 2631km. It links the developed Eastern China area with the rapidly developing mid China area and widely developing Western China area. The construction of the said expressway will be of significance in implementing the strategy of widely developing Western China, promoting the formation of expressway networks in Jiangxi Province and even China speeding the regional economic development along the project, accelerating the exploitation of tourism along the project and advancing the process of developing the Eastern, mid and Western China economically as a whole. The proposed project, one section of Xiacheng expressway in Jiangxi, is one part of the fourth vertical expressway among the skeleton highway network formed by "three longitudinal and four vertical highways" in Jiangxi. The proposed project, 117km in total length, starts at Yushishan of Ruijin City where it connects with the end point of Ailing-Ruijin Expressway, via Huichang, Yudu, Gan and ends Zhanggong of Ganzhou City where it connects with the starting point (Huangjin Interchange) of West Ganzhou Expressway (also one section of Xiacheng Expressway). The construction of the project is the need of building up the national expressway network and the skeleton highway network of Jiangxi Province, implementing the wide development of Western China, promoting the regional economic development, economic growth of Jiangxi Province, developing rapidly the tourism, improving the out-trip condition, adapting to the rapid increase of traffic volume, enhancing the military capacity of highway to promote the unification of China. In general, the project plays an important role in both formation of expressway network and being significant in terms of politics, economy and military and etc. 2. Necessity of Cultural Relic Resource Evaluation

4 According to 29th clause of Cultural Relic Protection Law of P. R. China: When constructing large scale infrastructure works, the construction unit must report in advance to Cultural Relic Administrative Department at Provincial level to organize Archeology Unit to carry out investigation and exploration in the places of possibly buried cultural relics in the project scope; and 3 1s clause: The cost needed to conduct archeological investigation, exploration and digging for the construction of infrastructure and production will be listed in the work budget of the project. With further rapid construction of infrastructure in China, State Council issued Notice Regarding to Strengthening and Improving Cultural Relic Protection Work in 1997 in order to protect the valued historical cultural relics of China nationality remaining for thousand years, it stressed that archeological digging should be in harmony with the construction of infrastructure, especially providing better service of the archeological exploration, investigation and digging for the construction of the large scale capital infrastructure. Jiangxi Provincial People's Government issued accordingly Opinion Regarding to Further Strengthening Cultural Relic Protection in 2002. It stressed that it was important to insist on the principle of both favoring the economic construction and improvement of people's living of standard and favoring the cultural relic protection in order to avoid the construction activities at the cost of loss of cultural relics. Nowadays, much attention has been paid to the cultural relic resource evaluation system, and cultural relic resource evaluation report is one component of the preliminary design of the large-scale infrastructure project. The cultural relic protection mainly consisted of archeological exploration and digging penetrates the whole process of the large-scale infrastructure construction. The precious historical cultural heritage are saved in time and preserved well during the construction of infrastructure. It shows the stronger awareness of protecting the cultural relics and the embodiment of governing a nation legally.

3. Cultural Relic Distribution along the Alignment The project area is wholly in Ganzhou City. There are 4 cultural relic protection units (18 spots) at the national level, 2 national forest parks, 9 landscape resorts at provincial level and 49 cultural relic protection units at provincial level in Ganzhou City. Ganzhou city is a unique city featured by city wall of , it is reputed as a Museum of Song Dynasty with most cultural relics of Song Dynasty quantitatively and qualitatively among cities in China. Ganzhou City also has colorful and is the place where many Hakka live. Up to now Ganzhou City is the largest city holding many Hakka in Hakka-gathering areas. Ganzhou City is rich in tourism on Red Army, and was a central revolutionary base during the second civil revolutionary war and the seat of Temporary Central Government of China's Soviet. The famous started from Ganzhou City. 3.1 Ruijin City The city is situated in the southwest part of , the main branch of Wuyi

5 Mountains penetrates through the city. It is mainly covered with low mountains and hills, only in the center of the city, low mountains, hillocks and basins are staggered each other on the banks of Mianshui River and Meijiang River. Mianshui river has the dominant place in the region, its branch rivers include Ridonghe River, Huangshahe River and Rentian River with the Ridonghe River being the origin of the Ganjiang River. There are many revolutionary sites distributing at Yeping, Shazhouba and Yunshishan Mountain and etc. There are more than 10 key cultural relic protection sites such as the old sites of Temporary Central Government of China's Soviet, Revolutionary Military Committee and old residential house of Mr. Mao Cedong and etc. In Dabai is the site of Guanshan Triumph; in Wuyang and Yunshishan Mountain are the famous 1 " bridge and I" mountain of Long March. After field survey, the distribution of cultural relic sites in Ruijin City near the proposed alignment of Ruijing-Ganzhou Expressway in Preliminary design are is as follows: 1) Mao Tangshang Tomb: It was built in , 1.5km southeast away from Tianxin Village of Yunshishan Town. Mao Tangshang (?-1744), styled Zhiqin, was from Ruijin and ranked as an officer of Military Department during Qianrong period of Qing Dynasty. Facing the north, it was built with bricks and stones with 0.6m high top earth and 3m in diameter. There inlayed a green headstone in the center of the tomb front, saying a tomb of Mao Tangshang, styled Zhiqin, an officer of Military Department buried in 9th year of Qianrong Period of Qing Dynasty. 2) Dongshan Temple: It was built in , 1.5km northeast away from Bangkeng Village of Yunshi Town. It was initially built in 24th year of Wanli Period (in 1596); after that it was destroyed and built several times; it was repaired in 1981. Facing the south, the temple is a two-floor building with 5 rooms in total. It was built with bricks and wood. On the top of the gate hangs a board with 5 Chinese characters of "Dong Xiang Gu Sha" on it. On the right side of the Temple

is Putong Tower built in 9d year of Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty (in 1670). It was built with blue stone slates. It is 3.5m high with base 0.75m in width. It has three levels and eight facets. In the Temple set up a stele with an inscription in it in I0th year of Kangxi Period of Qing Dynasty (in 1617). The inscription, tiled as "Account of Putong Tower in Dongxiang Temple in Ruijin County of Qianzhou", provides the reasons for the development and construction of Dongshan Temple. 3) The former site of Working People's Committee under Yunshishan Temporary Central Government (in 1934) is a cultural relic protection unit at City level; it is situated at Donghu Hotel of Yunshi Village in Yunshishan Town. 4) The former site of National Bank under Yunshishan Temporary Central Government (in 1934) is cultural relic protection unit at City level; it is situated at Xiapizi of Fenglong Village in Yunshishan Town.

6 5) The former site of National Politics Safeguard Bureau under Yunshishan Temporary Central Government (in 1934) is cultural relic protection unit at City level; it is situated at Aiyuanling of Pixia Village in Yunshishan Town. 6) The former site of People's Financial Department under Yunshishan Temporary Central Government (in 1934) is cultural relic protection unit at City level; it is situated at Xiatang of Fenglong Village in Yunshishan Town. 7) The former site of Madaokou CPC Central Bureau (in 1934) is cultural relic protection unit at City level; it is situated at Madaokou of Fenglong Village in Yunshishan Town. 8) The former site of Central Revolutionary Military Committee under Yanbei Soviet Republic of China (in 1934) is cultural relic protection unit at City level; it is situated at Yanbei of Tianxin Village in Yunshishan Town. 9) Former residential house for Mr. Lide (in 1934) is cultural relic protection unit at City level; it is situated at Yanbei of Tianxin Village in Yunshishan Town. 1O) The former site of Shegongbei CPC Central Party School (in 1934) is cultural relic protection unit at City level; it is situated at Shegongbei of Tianxin Village in Yunshishan Town. 1I) The former site of Tianxi Shaogong Center (in 1934) is cultural relic protection unit at City level; it is situated at Tianxin Village in Yunshishan Town. 12) The former site of Gongrong Inspection People's Committee under Huangzhupi Temporary Central Government (in 1934) is cultural relic protection unit at City level; it is situated at Huangzhupi of Huangpi Village in Yunshishan Town. 13) The former site of Central Executive Bureau under National Trade Union of China (in 1934) is cultural relic protection unit at City level; it is situated at Shapai of Tianxin Village in Yunshishan Town. 14) The former site of Mobilization Military Department under Central Revolutionary Military Committee (in 1934) is cultural relic protection unit at City level; it is situated at Maowudong of Tianxin Vilage in Yunshishan Town. 15) The former site of Printing Factory of Temporary Central Government (in 1934) is cultural relic protection unit at City level; it is situated at Yuanba Village in Yunshishan Town. 16) The former site of General Postage Bureau under Temporary Central Government (in 1934) is cultural relic protection unit at City level; it is situated at E'poshixia of Shishan Village in Yunshishan Town. 3.2 Huichang County is situated in the west foot of south end of Wuyi Mountains. It is covered dominantly with low mountains and hills; only on the both banks of Gongshui River and Xiangshui River staggers each other the basins and low

7 mountains and hills. The peak of the mountains is Panguzhang with 1184 in height. All rivers in the County are in the water system of Gongshui River; Xiangshui River, Lianjiang River, Xijiang River and Mianshui River are its branch rivers. In Lanshan Mountain, the peak outside the capital of Huichang County, are the campaign works and former site of Military Hospital left during the second civil revolutionary war period. There are former residential house of Mr. Mao Cedong and former sites of various revolutionary activities in Wenwuba and Liguanshan of Zhangtang. Hanxian Rock, situated at Junminling Mountain, is a famous landscape resort. After field survey, the distribution of cultural relic sites in Huichang County near the proposed alignment of Ruijing-Ganzhou Expressway in Preliminary design are is as follows: 17) Xijiang Kiln Sites: it is situated at 11 Om southeast away from Nanxing Village of Xijiang Town. It was built in with an area of 350 square meters. There is a Long Kiln left with a residual length of 15.3m. Jar, earthen bowl, pot and bowl that were painted with brownish and yellowish glaze were gathered there. 18)Xijiang Tombs: they are situated at 200m east away from Nanxing Village of Xijiang Town. They were built in Eastern . They scatter on the slope of Songkeng Mountain. 2 tombs, both facing northwest and built with bricks, have been exposed. There are two Chinese characters of "Fu Gui" and concentric round textures in the bricks. 19)Nanxing Tomb: it is situated at the northeast foot of Shizi Mountain about 40m Southwest away from Nanxing Village of Xijiang Town. It was built in Eastern . It was discovered in May 1989, but destroyed seriously years ago. Facing the west, it had a rectangular brick room with a brick arch roof. It is 3m in length and 1.4m in width. Except that a pot was placed in the center of the tomb room, the other buried articles such as I iron knife, I iron kettle and 7 blue were placed in the front of the tomb room. The blue porcelains include ajar, kettle, bowl, earthen bowl and etc. 20) Dayuanbei Tomb: it is situated at the southeast foot of Wankeng Mountain, 2km away from Dayuanbei of Pingqiu Village in Xijiang Town. It was built in . It was discovered in 1989 and destroyed and the structure of the tomb is not clear. 9 buried articles including 5 blue cups, I bowl, 1 bronze mirror with a lucky animal on the back, I iron funnel and I iron knife were collected there. The above articles were arrayed about Im deep from the surface. Pottery bowl was placed underneath, the iron funnel was place in the center, 5 blue porcelain cups were arrayed around the iron funnel. The mirror was placed in the funnel; the iron knife was placed on the handle of the fimnel. 21) Shixiandong Tomb: it is situated at the north foot of Shixiandong Mountain at Nanxing Village of Xijiang Town. It was built in Tang Dynasty. It was discovered

8 in 1978 and destroyed. According to the field survey, facing Northwest, it had a brick room; the buried articles such as blue porcelain bowl, plate, cup, pottery pot, iron cooking vessel, dagger and coins were lost; only 2 bricks and 1 blue porcelain cup were collected from the tomb. On the brick side inscribed in relief nine Chinese characters of "Kou Da Tang Qian Tian Tong Nian Zao Mu" (it means the tomb was built in the first year of Qiantianchong Period of Tang

A Dynasty). 22)Xiyuan Tomb: it is situated at about 300m northwest from Xiyuan Village of Xijiang Town. It was discovered in September 1997. It was built in Tang Dynasty. According to the field survey, it had a rectangular brick room; it is 3.53m long from west to east, 0.93m wide from north to south and 1.lm deep. The tomb path is about 2.5m long and about wide. The buried residual articles were collected from the tomb, of which 4 china cups and 4 china bowls that were painted blue and yellow glaze, but most of glaze was shelled off. There are 1 china plate that was painted with yellow glaze, I china vase and I iron funnel. 23) Duannao Tomb: it is situated at Duannao Village of Xijiang Town. In 1991, the County Museum collected iron cooking vessel blue china receptacle, blue china bowl, blue china cup and etc. The articles were discovered by the local farner when excavating the house foundation. They are possibly from the tomb of Tang Dynasty. 24) Shixiandong Tombs: They are situated at 400m south away from Nanxing Village of Xijiang Town. It was built in Tang Dynasty. 2 tombs were excavated, they had the brick rooms with 1.4m in length, 1,7m in width and 0.97m in height. On the brick side inscribed 8 Chinese characters of "Da Tang Qian Feng Yuan Nian Zao Mu" (it means the tomb was built in the first year of Qianfeng Period of Tang Dynasty). On the bricks are concentric round textures and net textures. The iron cooking vessel and coins were collected from the tomb. 25)Zhigutou Tomb: They are situated at about 400m west away from Duannao Village of Xijiang Town. They were built in Wudai Dynasty. A tomb with a single rectangular room was excavated, facing the east, it is 2.5m long, 0.8m wide and 0.6m high, it was built totally with bricks with textures on it. 15 buried articles such as white china bowl, plate, convert bottle, iron funnel were collected from the tomb. 26) Tangbeigang Tombs: They are situated on the slope of east side of Tangbeigang Hill at Datian Village of Xijiang Town. There discovered many tombs at Tangbeigang. They were built in Wudai Dynasty. One tomb was excavated, facing the northwest, it had a brick room with 3.65m in length, 1.1 m in width and 1.32m in height, it was built totally with bricks with textures on them. White china bowl, plate, convert bottle, iron knife, and iron funnel were collected from the tomb. 27) The former site of CPC Xijiang County Committee (in 1932) is situated 120m south away form the old market of Xijiang in Xijiang Town.

9 28) Liantangshui Building: it is situated at Liantang Village of Xiaomi Town. It was built in 21 st year of Qianlong Period of Qing Dynasty (in 1775). It has a brick and wood structure; it is square with three levels of eaves. It has an area of 56 square meters with a total height of 12m. there are flower decoration in relief in the window lattices and wood sheets that are used to separate rooms. 29) The site of the mammal fossil: the fossil was formed in the middle and late Pleistocene. It is situated at Liugongpai, 2km away from Xiaomi Village of Xiaomi Town. In 1990, a limestone cranny pileup was discovered, in a cranny facing the south, teeth fossils of porcupines, giant pandas, Tibet black bears, civet cats, elephants tapir, rhinoceros, sambar, cattle, boar and etc. were collected, also the bones fossils of birds and tortoises were collected. Brown reddish sandy clay is predominant in the cranny pileup with a little quartz and mica. After authenticated by Ancient Vertebrate Animal and Ancient Human Research Center of Science Institute of China, the teeth fossils belong to Southern China Giant Panda-Elephant fauna. 3.3 Yudu County The end parts of Wuyi Mountains and Yushan Mountains penetrate the eastern, southern and northwestern Yudu County. In the County, especially around the County is covered with a large area of mountains and hills. These mountains and hills are in Northeast-Southwest way; being cut by the rivers, these mountains and hills are relatively broken; low hills and basins widely spread along the banks of Gongshui River and Meijiang River and etc; and the capital of Yudu County is located in an open, low and flat area. Pangushan Mountain, situated in southern Yudu County, is the highest with an elevation of 1312m; and Tongming Peak of Yushan Mountains, situated in northwestern Yudu County, is just 634m high. The main rivers in Yudu County are Gongshui River and its branch river-Meijiang River. The tourism resorts are Luotian Rock that is situated about 3km south away from the capital of Yudu County, Panshan Park and Panguxi Lake that are located in and Pangushan Mine. Luotian Rock is famous not only for its beautiful landscape, but also for the rock inscriptions written by Fei, Wen Tianxiang, Wang Shouren, Xie Jin, Zhu Ta and etc. After field survey, the distribution of cultural relic sites in Yudu County near the proposed alignment of Ruijing-Ganzhou Expressway in Preliminary design are is as follows: 30) Shanghutang Site: it is a site related to Shanzhou (New Stone Age). It is situated 1 km northeast away from Hefengxu of Hefeng Town. It has an area of 13 thousand square meters. It is buried underneath 4050cm silt. Exploratory digging was conducted in 1975. The excavated stone wares include adzes, arrowheads, daggers, spears, gray mud , polished potteries, jar, ancient cooking vessels, spinning wheels, decorations with diamond-shaped texture, dot & circle-shaped texture, vein-shaped texture, swirl-shaped texture on them, bone articles made of

I0 animal's horns. 31) 's Tomb: it is situated 500m west away from Pijiao Village of Hefeng Town. It was built in Chongzhen Period of Ming Dynasty with 2m in height and 5.3m in diameter. It has a red granite structure with a dome roof In the center of the tomb front is a blue stone stele with patterns in relief of animals, plants and flowers in it. It was once rebuilt in Yongzheng Period of Qing Dynasty. 32) The former site of offices of CPC Central Branch Bureau and Central Government of Soviet of China (in 1935) is situated at 800m southwest away from Huangni Village of Hefeng Town. 33)The former site of CPC Yudu County Committee (in 1928) is situated at 6.5km northest away from Huangni Village of Hefeng Town. 34) The former site of Liren Farmer Uprising (in 1928) is situated at Renxu of Liren Village of Licun Town. 35) Luotian Rock Inscription: it is a cultural relic protection unit at provincial level. It is located at 2.5km away from the south bank of Gongjiang River in Gongjiang Town. Luotianyan Temple was built in Southern Dynasty, it gained great reputation in Northern Song Dynasty. The temple was built next to the rock with bricks and wood. It has a hard roof In the temple are 11 Buddha figures in relief carved in the rock. Around the temple within 2km are about 70 rock inscriptions written by Dunyi, and Wen Tianxiang of Song Dynasty, Wang Shouren, Luo Honggang, He Tinghe of Ming Dynasty, Yuanding, Yi Xueshi and Zhu Ta of Qing Dynasty. 36) Kangshiyan Putongta Dagoba: it is situated at lkm west away from Xiaoman Village of Luojiang Town. It was built in 3 5th year of Kangxi Pering of Qing Dynasty (in 1696). It is a dagoba made of red granite. It has six corners and three floors. The facets of the dagoba is decorated with muti-layer eaves. It is 2.56m high. The dagoba was built with red granite slates that are joined each other by tenons and dovetails. Between floors and on the top of the dagoba are the decorations of protruding eaves made of red granite. On front facet of the second floor is a Buddha figure in relief with 0.75m in height and 0.2m in width. In the middle of the third floor carved six Chinese characters of "Kang Shi Yan Pu Tong Ta"; on the both sides is a couplet hung on the columns with date on the margin of couplet, saying "winter, 35"' year of Kangxi Period". * 37)Xianhejing Site: it is situated at about 150m north away from Shiwei Village of Luo'ao Town. It was built in Shangzhou Period with an area of about 300 square meters. The buried articles such as stone wares (including adzes, axes, arrowheads, knife-sharpening stones and etc.), pottery pieces (all are gray, muddy and sandy, about half of them are hard potteries, pane-shaped textures), utensils (including ancient cooking vessels with three empty feet, wine vessels and jars and etc.) are colleted from the site.

11 38) Shiwei Site: it is situated at 3km southeast away from Lei'aoxi of Luo'ao Town. It was built in Shangzhou Period with an area of about 600 square meters. 10 stone wares (including adzes, arrowheads, chisels and etc.), 76 pottery pieces ( some are gray sandy potteries, some are gray muddy potteries, decoration textures are diamonds and etc.) and utensils (including ancient cokking vessels with three empty feet, wine vessels with a broad mouth, jars and etc.) are collected from the site. 39) Zhang Biao Tomb: it is situated at about 300m east away from Sanmen Village of Luo'ao Town. It was built in Qing Dynasty. According to record of Yudu County Annals, Zhang Biao, from Xiaoxidan Village, was killed in a battle against Taiping Army (Farmer Uprising Army) in December 13 of the 7h year of Xianfeng Period in lunar calendar (in 1857). The tomb is 4.17m high with an area of about 15 square meters. The tomb gate is similar to a torii. In the front of the tomb are symmetrical stone frustas, stone posts. On the top of the tomb is a lying buffalo statue with its head up. 40) Zhongbu Tower: it is situated at 2.5km southwest away from Luo'aoxi of Luo'ao Town. It was built in Qing Dynasty. It has an earth and wood structure and seven floors. The plane of the town is in hexagon with equal sides. The side length, thickness, height are 4.3m, 1.6m and about 30m respectively. The body of the tomb is made of mixture of lime, sand and earth. Between floors are the decorations of protruding eaves. The top of the tower was built with bricks with shrinking layers to one point. In the first floor is an arch door, facing the northwest, which is 1.6m high and 0.5m wide. The center of the tower is hollow in hexagon. Inside the tower are vertical beams. From the second floor and above, windows were set. Except for the true windows set in the southeast and northwest walls, the other windows are false with arch tops. 41) Huilan Tower: it was built in Qing Dynasty. It is situated at 2.5km southwest away from Luo'aoxi of Luo'ao Town. Biao, a Yudu scholar, donated to build the

tower in the 9 th of Qianlong Period of Qing Dynasty (in 1744). The plane of the tower is in a shape of hexagon with a side length of 4.3m. It is 7-floor pavilion-like tower with a height of 30m. The body of the tower was made of mixture of lime, sand and earth. Between floors are the decorations of protruding eaves. The top of the tower is made of bricks with shrinking layers to the point in shape of a guard. The center of the tower is hollow with single walls. On the northwest facet of the first floor is a small door; on the other floor are windows set in the walls. 42) The former site of Luo'ao Farmer Uprising (in 1928) is situated at Shashanab, 1km west away from Luo'ao Village of Luo'ao Town. 43) The former site of assembling of the 34th Division under the fifth Corps (in 1934) is situated at 200m away of LiYu Village in Luo'ao Town. 44) The former ferry site of crossing Yudu River by the 13th Division under the 5th

12 Corps (in 1934) is located at Lishiwei, 3km southeast away from Luo'ao Village of Luo'ao Town. 45) The former ferry site of crossing Yudu River by the 34th Division under the 5th Corps (in 1934) is located at 50m east away from Liyu Village of Luo'ao Town. 46)The site of Manmnal Fossils: it is situated at Baiyun Mountain, 3km northwest away from Yanbei Village of Luo'ao Town. The fossils belongs to late Pleistocene. It was discovered by workers of Luo'ao Lime Factory between 1982 and 1984. the fossils were distributed on the mountain side with 1000m in length and 500m in width. The fossil layer belongs to the cranny pileup, and the fossils were excavated from the brown reddish sandy earth stratum. After authenticated by Ancient Vertebrate Animal & Ancient Huran Fossil Research Center of China Science Institute, there are two kinds of fossils (one is reptiles, the other is mammal). Of which, there are fossils of bats, bamboo rats, giant pandas, China's rhinoceros, deer with large teeth, deer and etc. 47)Malingdong Site: it is situated at about 2km east away from Xinpixi of Xinpi Town. The site is related to Shangzhou Period. It covers about 200 square meters. The buried articles such as stone wares (including arrowheads, knifes and etc.), utensils (including earthen bowls and jars) and pottery pieces (including muddy and sandy potteries) were excavated. The textures in the pottery pieces are string-like texture, pane-like texture and etc. 48)The former site of Gannan Provincial Military Area (in 1934) is situated at Huangwu, 500m away from Xinpi Village of Xinpi Town. 3.4 Gan County Gan County is dominantly covered by hills and mountainous areas. Many undulating mountains run through the whole County and are often cut by river. Basins and valleys are staggered each other. Generally speaking the southeastern County is higher than the northwestern. The highest mountain is Shuiji, situated in the southeastern County, with an elevation of 1185m. Beside Ganjiang River and Gongshui River, there are Branch Rivers such as Taojiang River, Pingjiang River and etc run through the County.

In Tiancun and Bailu are the former sites of Soviet Government during the 2nd civil revolutionary war period. On the top of Dongshan Mountain in Tiancun Town is a famous Baohua Temple built in Song Dynasty. After field survey, the distribution of cultural relic sites in Gan County near the proposed alignment of Ruijing-Ganzhou Expressway in Preliminary design are is as follows: 49) Chujun Temple: it is located at the bank of Ganjiang River in Chutianxi of Chutan Town. Its original name was Guangji Temple. It was built with bricks and wood. It has a hard roof with fire-proof gable walls on both sides. It has three rooms with 10.3m in width, 16m in length. It has a patio on the center of the temple. On the

13 door of the main building carved two-dragon playing with one ball in relief On both sides of the main building have 10 wing rooms with a total area of 200 square mneters. It was repaired in 1993. 3.5 It is located in the upper reaches of Ganjiang River. At the place where Zhangjiang River and Gongjiang River joint together, the central river valley is open and flat, especially on the river valley of Zhangjiang River. On the southern and northern parts of the District are many low mountains and hills. The Fengshan Mountain that is situated at southeast Zhanggong District is the highest with an elevation of 1016m; in the transitional zone between the plain and low mountains & hills are many low hills, thus forms landform in a noticeable shape of saddle. There are many landscapes and tourism resorts. The Tongtianyan Grotto, situated at 10km northwest away from the capital of Zbanggong District, was built in Northern Song Dynasty; in which there are many ancient rock inscriptions, rock niches, and stone statues. It is reputed as an art treasure of sculptures. Bajing Platformn, built in Northern Song Dynasty, is situated at the place where Zhangjiang River and Gongjiang River join together. Yigu Platform, built initially in Tang Dynasty, is located at Luosiling Mountain that is highest place in the city area; the former site of ancient kiln is situated at Qilizhen of Shuidong Town; ancient city walls of Song Dynasty is in the city area; Confucian Temple, an ancient architecture, is built in Qing Dynasty; the Dagoda (also called Ciyun Tower), buit in Northem Song, is situated in the city area; Kongtong Mountain (also called Fengsban Mountain), a famous landscape, is situated at the southeastern Zhanggong District. After field survey, the distribution of cultural relic sites in Zhanggong District near the proposed alignment of Ruijing-Ganzhou Expressway in Preliminary design are is as follows: 50) Qilizhen Kiln Site: it is a cultural relic protection unit at provincial level. It is situated at the north bank of Gongjiang River, about 2km away from Qilicun-Yanaocun of Shuidong Town. It covers 75.7 thousand square meters. There are 16 pileups there. Excavations were conducted twice at Shaziling, Zhangwuling and Zhouwuwu in 1975 and in the fall and winter of 1977. The buried articles such as jars, earthen bowls, kettles, bowls, plates, cups, shallow cups, trays, stoves, vases, , blue whitish glazed china, white glazed china, black brownish glazed china, purple glazed china and etc. On these china * decorated with impressions, scrabbles and etc.; and black brownish glazed china, purple glazed thin china have unique features, part of china was exported abroad. During 1997's excavation in Zhangwuling Mountain, 2 kilns of Song Dynasty that produced china only for emperor were discovered. (refer to Cultural Relics in Jiangxi in 1990). 51) Yan'ao Tombs: They are located at the north side of National Highway No. 323 from Shuidong to Yan'ao. They were built in Song Dynasty. These tombs are on

14 the slope of a hill with 1km in length. Several small tombs of Song Dynasty were discovered since 1984 when local residents excavated residential foundations. The buried articles such as iron funnels, china vases, china plates, earthen bowls, bronze coins were discovered. 52) Li Bo Ancestral Temple: It is a cultural relic protection unit at city level. It was built in Ming Dynasty. Li Bo Ancestral Temple is a kind of Gannan building. It has an earth and wood structure. It has three rooms with 10.6m in length and 9.1 Om in width. It is a place where Li's pay homage to their ancestors. Li Bo, styled Junzhi, was from of Hennan Province. He was an official of Qian County during Changqing Period of Tang Dynasty (in 821-824). Li'naoshan Village is a relatively early habitat for immigrants from the northern China as far as know in Ganzhou City. 53) Baita Bridge: It is a cultural relic protection unit at city level. It was built in Qing Dynasty. It was situated at about lkm west away from Zhushan Village of Shuidong Town. It was initially built in Song Dynasty. It was built on the official passage to Ganzhou by a gentleman of Qili Town, who passed an examination held by Emperor in Xianchun Period of Song Dynasty (in 1274). The existing Bridge was rebuilt in Qing Dynasty. It is a stone arch bridge with single span. It was made of red stone. It crosses over Taoyuan River with 22.6m in length and 4.9m in width. 54) Xianniang Temple: it is a cultural relic protection unit at city level. It was built in Qing Dynasty. It is situated at Siliancun of Qili Village in Shuidong Town. According to the inscription in the temple, it was rebuilt in the 23rd year of Daoguang Period of Qing Dynasty. Now in the Xianniang Temple are Tianhua Fairy and Kwan-yin. It covers 372 square meters. It has a brick and wood structure with 11.6m in width and 31.9m in length. There are three floors in the first section of the building, on the first floor is a passage to the gate, on the second floor is an opera platform, and on the third floor is Cabinet decorated with colored patterns, wooden sculptures and etc.; in the second section of the building is a palace where shrines are set. 55) Wanshou Palace: It was a cultural relic protection unit at city level. It was built in Qing Dynasty. It is situated at Ganzhou Wood Storage of Qili Village in Shuidong Town. It was originally a famous Taosim Temple where people paid homage to Zhenjun before. It has a brick and wood structure. It had three sections in the building, but now only the second and third sections left. It is about 20m in width and about 30m in length with an area of about 600 square meters. On wooden elements of the building are patterns in relief and colored paintings. Between the second and the third sections is a patio, and a stone flyover crosses the patio, on the stone posts are patterns of aninals in relief. 56) Chi's Ancestral Temple: It was a cultural relic protection unit at city level. It was built in Qing Dynasty. It is situated at Zhongfangcun of Qili Village in Shuidong

Town. It was initially built in the 19 th year of Qianlong Period of Qing Dynasty (in

15 62) Yuhong Tower: It was a cultural relic protection unit at provincial level. It was built in Ming Dynasty. It is situated at Lianshancun of Chizhu Village in Shuixi Town. It got its name from the meaning of a poem saying "water flows liking jade and rainbow". It was built by an official named Xie Jie in Wanli Period of Ming Dynasty. It stands close to a river. Facing the south, it has nine floors and six corners with about 30m in height. Entering the tower through the front door, people can climb up along spiral brick steps to reach the ninth floor. On the brick is the inscription of " Li Bao Ta". The original wooden elements were destroyed. 63)Tongtianyan Grotto: It was a cultural relic protection unit at national level. It is situated at Shibitang of Tongtianyan Village in Shuixi Town. It covers about 66.5 hectares. The valley is deep with tall trees. Tongtianyan is divided into two rocks, i.e. the east rock and the west rock. Stone statues are carved on cliffs of the Tongxin Rock, Wanggui Rock, Longhu Rock, Cuiwei Rock (all belong to the east rock). There are 359 stone statues and 128 inscriptions, of which 36 inscription were written in Ming Dynasty, the others were written in Qing Dynasty or later. The earliest inscription was written by Pu Yang, Chen Jinzhi and their companies in Northem Song Dynasty 64) Liyuan Folk Architectures: It was a cultural relic protection unit at city level. It was built in Qing Dynasty. It is situated at Liyuan Village of Hubian Town. Now there are Luowudong Building and Liuyi Building left. It is a set of folk architectures built in middle Qing Dynasty. It was built by 's. Fine construction materials and sophisticated workmanship were applied to built the folk architecture with a distinct Gannan features. During the anti-Japan war period, it was the 2nd Nursing Yard of Jiangxi Province, which was established by Jiang Jinggou and Jiang Fangliang and headed by Jiang Fangliang. 65) He Huanwen Tomb: It was a cultural relic protection unit at city level. It was built in 1942. It is situated at a slope, 350m southeast away from Gangbianpai of Gangbian Village of Hubian Town. He Huanwen was the father of He Zhizhen. After Red Army's Long March. He Huanwen lived secretly Gan County. He died of sick in June 1938 in Gangbian Village of Hubian Town. It has a brick structure with 1.8m in width and 1.38m in height. In the red gravestone is an inscription, saying it was built by his town fellow of in 1941. 4. Conclusions and Suggestions

£ 4.1 Conclusions Through a general investigation on the cultural relic protection units at county, city, , provincial and national levels along the whole recommended aligmnent (including north and south alignment comparative schemes), it is assured that the whole recommended alignment (including north and south alignment comparative schemes) is out of the scope of the cultural relic protection units at all levels; it will not threaten the safety of these cultural relic protection units and conforms to the requirements of

17 Cultural Relic Protection Law of P. R. China. 4.2 Suggestions I.The report was prepared by Jiangxi Provincial Cultural Relic & Archeology Research Institute (JPCRARI) based on the whole recommended alignment scheme in the preliminary design document provided by Communications Design Institute of Jiangxi Province (CDIJP) and infornation gathered and field investigation. If there is any change of the alignment due to the geology, construction technology and interconnecting roads and etc. in the next step, CDIJP should inform JPCRARI in time of the changes in order to adjust and modify the relevant data of the Report. 2. This Report will only suitable for the preliminary design period of RuiGan freeway. Upon the approval of preliminary design Report and finalization of the alignment, CDIJP will inform in time JPCRARI in writing in order to let JPCRARI complete the rechecking of the cultural relic protection units at all levels before the commencement of construction, meanwhile, JPCRARI will conduct exploration for the underground cultural relics on some important areas within the right of way, and try our best to save cultural relics if there are any. After the end of our work, JPCRARI will issue the final certificate, showing that cultural relic protection work has been done for the Project.

18 Attached Table: List of Cultural Relics along Alignment of RGE in Feasibility Study Stage

Year Protection City/ DsacDistance fromio No. Names of cultural relics Type ynar levelt counties alignment (Dynasty) level counties (m)

I Mao Tangshang Totnb Ancient tomb Qing Ordinary Ruijin City About 5.5 Dynasty 2 Dongshan Temple Ancient Ming Ordinary Ruijin City About 3 architecture Dynasty 3 The former site of Working Revolutionary 1934 City level Ruijin City About 1.5 People's Committee under Yunshishan Temporary Central Government 4 The former site of National Revolutionary About 2.5 Bank under Yunshishan 1934 City level Ruijin City Temporary Central Government 5 The former site of National Revolutionary About 0.5 Politics Safeguard Bureau 1934 City level Ruijin City under Yunshishan Temporary Central Government 6 The former site of People's Revolutionary About 2.5 Financial Department under 1934 City level Ruijin City Yunshishan Temporary Central Government 7 The former site of Madaokou Revolutionary 1934 City level Ruijin City About 1.5 CPC Central Bureau 8 The former site of Central Revolutionary 1934 City level Ruijin City About 4 Revolutionary Military Committee under Yanbei Soviet Republic of China 9 Former residential house for Revolutionary 1934 City level Ruijin City About 4 Mr. Lide 10 The former site of Shegongbei Revolutionary 1934 City level Ruijin City About 2 CPC Central Party School 11 The former site of Tianxi Revolutionary 1934 City level Ruijin City About 4 Shaogong Center

12 The former site of Gongrong Revolutionary 1934 City level Ruijin City About 1.5 Inspection People's Committee under Huangzhupi Temporary Central Government 13 he former site of Central Revolutionary 1934 City level Ruijin City About 3.5 Executive Bureau under National Trade Union of China

19 14 he forMter site of Moblization Revolutionary 1934 City level Ruijin City About 4.5 Military Department under Central Revolutionary Military Committee 15 The former site of Printing Revolutionary 1934 City level Ruijin City About 0.3 Factory of Temporary Central Government 16 The former site of General Revolutionary 1934 City level Ruijin City About 1.5 ,0 Postage Bureau under Temporary Central Government 17 Xijiang Kiln Sites Ancient kiln Tang Ordinary Huichang About 0.6 Dynasty County 18 Xijiang Tombs Ancient tomb Eastern Han Ordinary Huichang About 0.7 Dynasty County 19 Nanxing Tomb Ancient tomb Eastern Jin Ordinary Huichang About 0.7 Dynasty County 20 Dayuanbei Tomb Ancient tomb Sui Dynasty Ordinary Huichang About 2.5 County 21 Shixiandong Tomb Ancient tomb Tang Ordinary Huichang About 0.5 Dynasty County 22 Xiyuan Tomb Ancient tomb Tang Ordinary Huichang About 1.5 Dynasty County 23 Duannao Tomb Ancient tomb Tang Ordinary Huichang About 2.5 Dynasty County 24 Shixiandong Tombs Ancient tomb Tang Ordinary Huichang About 0.5 Dynasty County 25 Zhigutou Tomb Ancient tomb Wudai Ordinary Huichang About 3 Dynasty County 26 Tangbeigang Tombs Ancient tomb Wudai Ordinary Huichang About 0.5

___ Dynasty County 27 The former site of CPC Xijiang Revolutionary 1932 Ordinary Huichang About 2 County Committee County 28 Liantangshui Building Ancient Qing Ordinary Huichang About 0.5 architecture Dynasty County 29 The site of the mammal fossil Ancient fossil Late Ordinary Huichang About 6 Pleistocene County E 30 Shanghutang Site Cultural relic Neo-stone Ordinary Yudu About 3.5 site Age County -Shandzhou 31 Liu's Tomb Ancient tomb Ming Ordinary Yudu About 2.5 Dynasty County 32 The former site of offices of Revolutionary 1935 Ordinary Yudu About 3.5 CPC Central Branch Bureau County and Central Goverment of

20 Soviet of China 33 The former site of CPC Yudu Revolutionary 1928 Ordinary Yudu About I County Committee County 34 The former site of Liren Farmer Revolutionary 1928 Ordinary Yudu About I Uprising County 35 Luotian Rock Inscription Ancient Song - Qing Provincial Yudu About 3.5 inscription Dynasty level County 36 Kangshiyan Putongta Dagoba Ancient tomb Qing Ordinary Yudu About 2 Dynasty County 37 Xianhejing Site Cultural relic Shangzhou Ordinary Yudu About 2.5 site Period County 38 Shiwei Site Cultural relic Shangzhou Ordinary Yudu About 2.5 site Period County 39 Zhang Biao Tomb Ancient tomb Qing Ordinary Yudu About 0.3 Dynasty County 40 Zhongbu Tower Ancient Qing Ordinary Yudu About 1.5 architecture Dynasty County 41 Huilan Tower Ancient Qing Ordinary Yudu About 1.5 architecture Dynasty County 42 The former site of Luo'ao Revolutionary 1928 Ordinary Yudu About 2.7 Farner Uprising County 43 The former site of assembling Revolutionary 1934 Ordinary Yudu About 3.5 of the 34th Division under the County fifth Corps 44 The former ferry site of Revolutionary 1934 Ordinary Yudu About 2 crossing Yudu River by the 13th County Division under the 5th Corps 45 The former ferry site of Revolutionary 1934 Ordinary Yudu About 3.5 crossing Yudu River by the 34th County Division under the 5th Corps 46 The site of Mammal Fossils Ancient fossil Late Ordinary Yudu About 2.2 Pleistocene County 47 Malingdong Site Cultural relic Shangzhou Ordinary Yudu About 2.5 site Period County 48 The forrner site of Gannan Revolutionary 1934 Ordinary Yudu About 2.5 Provincial Military Area County 49 Chujun Temple Ancient Qing Ordinary Gan county About 3.5 architecture Dynasty 50 Qilizhen Kiln Site Ancient kiln Tang - Yuan Provincial Zhanggong About 7 Dynasties level District 51 Yan'ao Tombs Ancient tomb Song City level Zhanggong About 6.5 Dynasty District 52 Li Bo Ancestral Temple Ancient Ming City level Zhanggong About 0.5 architecture Dynasty District

21 53 Baita Bridge Ancient Qing City level Zhanggong About 7 architecture Dynasty District 54 Xianniang Temple Ancient Qing City level Zhanggong About 6.8 architecture Dynasty District 55 Wanshou Palace Ancient Qing City level Zhanggong About 4 architecture Dynasty District 56 Chi's Ancestral Temple Ancient Qing City level Zhanggong About 7.5 architecture Dynasty District 57 Mazhu Rock Inscription Ancient Yuan City level Zhanggong About 4 inscription Dynasty District 58 Tongtianyan Site Cultural relic Western Ordinary Zhanggong About 1.5 site Zhou Period District 59 Ganzhou Coin-making Yard Cultural relic Song Ordinary Zhanggong About 2 Site site Dynasty District 60 Chizhuling Tombs Ancient tomb Southern Ordinary Zhanggong About 1.8 Dynasty District 61 Yang Xiaoben Tomb Ancient tomb Song Ordinary Zhanggong About 1.5 Dynasty District 62 Yuhong Tower Ancient Ming Provincial Zhanggong About 1.5 architecture Dynasty level District 63 Tongtianyan Grotto Ancient Nothern National Zhanggong About 1.5 inscription Song- level District Republic of China 64 Liyuan Folk Architectures Ancient Qing City level Zhanggong About 0.4 architecture Dynasty District 65 He Huanwen Tomb Martyr tomb 1942 City level Zhanggong About 0.35 District

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