DOCSLIB.ORG

Samoa's Second National Communication to The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Samoa's Second National Communication to The SAMOA’S SECOND NATIONAL COMMUNICATION TO THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE FOREWORD Since signing the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 1992, the Government of Samoa has made significant progress in its efforts to address the threat of climate change. With this, our Second National Communication under the UNFCCC, I am pleased to present an up-to-date summary of the steps Samoa has taken to implement the Convention. Samoa, along with is Pacific Island neighbours and all other small island developing states, is particularly vulnerable to the adverse impacts of climate change. Our land, livelihoods, culture and ecosystems are fundamentally threatened by sea level rise and the changing climatic conditions. To the best of our abilities, we in Samoa have been proactive in our efforts to deal with climate change. Amongst other things, this includes adopting policies to minimise our greenhouse gas emissions, implementing practical adaptation projects in vulnerable communities, conducting detailed systematic observation of our climate, educating our people and increasing the resilience of our natural environment. Yet Samoa acting alone can do little to stop the earth’s climate from changing. We are critically dependant on the international community finding the political will to urgently cut global greenhouse gas emissions to safe levels. And while we possess the commitment to address this issue at home, we are also in need of much greater financial and technical support. The Second National Communication is the final outcome of a lot of hard work by Samoan public servants, especially staff from the national Climate Change Section in my Ministry and their colleagues from the other government departments that make up the National Climate Change Country Team. I acknowledge and thank all these people for their efforts. I would also like to acknowledge the Global Environment Facility and its donors for supporting this project and the United Nations Development Program for acting as the implementing agency. Tu’u’u Dr Ieti Taulealo Chief Executive Officer Ministry Natural Resources and Environment 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Prepared and compiled by: Anne Rasmussen (MNRE, Principal Author) Will McGoldrick (MNRE/Consultant co-author) Close collaboration with: Tu’u’u Dr Ieti Taulealo (CEO Ministry of Natural Resources & Environment) Mulipola Ausetalia Titimaea (ACEO Meteorology MNRE) National Climate Change Country Team Considerable assistance and support by these key individuals: GHG Working Group Aukuso Leavasa (MNRE) Pau Ioane (MNRE) Patila Amosa (NUS) William Cable (NUS) Jacinta Moreau (NUS) Faainu Latu (NUS) Faafetai Sagapolutele Segi Usufono Patrick Rasmussen Silia Ualesi (MoF) General Manager BOC gases V&A Working Group Sale Faletolu (EPC) Ueta Faasili (MAF) Ulusapeti Tiitii (MAF) Mose Malaga (MAF) Ricky Faatonu (MAF) Terenia Simanu (MoH) Andrew Peteru (MoH) Sinei Fili Levaai Toremana (SWA) Kuinimeri Asora (SWA) Thomas Soon (SWA) Malaki Iakopo (MNRE) Juney Ward (MNRE) Afele Failagi (MNRE) Paulino Pania (MNRE) Eiko Fuimaono (MNRE) Larissa Toelupe (MNRE) Special Mention must also be made to the considerable contribution and assistance from the following individuals and organisations: Solomone Fifita (SPREP) Dean Solofa (SPREP) Taulealeausumai Laavasa Malua (IPA) Wairarapa Young (EPC) National Communication Support Programme Professor John Hay 3 ACRONYMS ADB Asian Development Bank AFOLU Agriculture Forestry and Land Use CRP Climate Risk Profile CERP Cyclone Emergency Recovery Program CIMP Coastal Infrastructure Management Plan EPC Electric Power Corporation EIA Environment Impact Assessment EGTT Expert Group on Technology Transfer ENSO El Nino Southern Oscilation FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation GEF Global Environment Facility GDP Gross Domestic Product GHG Green House Gas GHGAS Greenhouse Gas Abatement Strategy GCM Global Climate Models IPA Isikuki Punivalu and Associates IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPPU Industrial Processes and Products Use JICA Japanese International KP Kyoto Protocol MNRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MAF Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries MoH Ministry of Health MWTI Ministry of Naural Resources and Environment NGOs Non Government Organisations NHS National Health Service NCCP National Climate Change Policy NCCCT National Climate Change Country Team NAPA National Adaptation Program of Action NHS National Health Services POPs Persistent Organic Pollutants PUMA Planning and Urban Management Agency PIFACC Pacific Islands Framework on Climate Change PIGAREP Pacific Island Green House Gas abatement Renewable Energy Program RDIS Research and Development SDS Sustainable Development Strategy SPREP Secretariat of the South Pacific Regional Environment Program SPCZ South Pacific Convergent Zone SOPAC South Pacific Applied Geosciences Commission SWA Samoa Water Authority TNA Technology Needs Assessment UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change UNDP United Nations Development Program V&A Vulnerability and Adaptation Assessment 4 CONTENTS FOREWORD .................................................................................................................... 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................ 3 ACRONYMS .................................................................................................................... 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................. 6 1. NATIONAL CIRCUMSTANCES ............................................................................. 18 1.1 GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY .................................................................. 19 1.2 CLIMATE ..................................................................................................... 20 1.3 POPULATION ............................................................................................. 20 1.4 ECONOMY .................................................................................................. 21 1.5 AGRICULTURE ........................................................................................... 22 1.6 FORESTRY ................................................................................................. 23 1.7 FISHERIES ................................................................................................. 23 1.8 WATER ....................................................................................................... 24 1.9 HEALTH ...................................................................................................... 24 1.10 WASTE ....................................................................................................... 25 1.11 WASTE MANAGEMENT ............................................................................. 25 1.12 ENERGY ..................................................................................................... 26 1.13 TRANSPORT .............................................................................................. 26 1.14 TOURISM .................................................................................................... 26 1.15 BIODIVERSITY ........................................................................................... 27 2. NATIONAL GREENHOUSE GAS INVENTORY ..................................................... 28 2.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 29 2.2 OVERVIEW AND NATIONAL EMISSIONS .................................................. 29 2.3 TRENDS IN SAMOA’S GHG EMISSIONS: 1994-2007 ................................ 31 2.4 EMISSIONS BY GAS .................................................................................. 32 2.5 SECTORAL BREAKDOWN ......................................................................... 35 2.6 BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTORY ........................................................ 39 3. VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION .................................................................. 41 3.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 42 3.2 OVERVIEW OF KEY VULNERABILITIES .................................................... 44 3.3 VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION ASSESSMENT ................................ 46 3.4 VULNERABILITIES AND IMPACTS ............................................................ 50 3.5 EXISTING ADAPTATION MEASURES ....................................................... 65 3.6 ADDITIONAL ADAPTATION MEASURES ................................................... 67 3.7 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................ 68 4. MITIGATION ........................................................................................................... 69 4.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 70 4.2 EXISTING MITIGATION ACTIVITIES .......................................................... 73 4.3 PLANNED MITIGATION INITIATIVES ......................................................... 74 4.4 ADDITIONAL MITIGATION OPPORTUNITIES ............................................ 77 4.5 EMISSIONS SCENARIOS ........................................................................... 83 4.6 THE WAY FORWARD ................................................................................. 85 5. OTHER
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Mavae and Tofiga
    Mavae and Tofiga Spatial Exposition of the Samoan Cosmogony and Architecture Albert L. Refiti A thesis submitted to� The Auckland University of Technology �In fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Art & Design� Faculty of Design & Creative Technologies 2014 Table of Contents Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................... i Attestation of Authorship ...................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................... vi Dedication ............................................................................................................................ viii Abstract .................................................................................................................................... ix Preface ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1. Leai ni tusiga ata: There are to be no drawings ............................................................. 1 2. Tautuanaga: Rememberance and service ....................................................................... 4 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 6 Spacing ..................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainable Urban Mobility in South-Eastern Asia and the Pacific
    Sustainable Urban Mobility in South-Eastern Asia and the Pacific Hoong-Chor Chin Regional study prepared for Global Report on Human Settlements 2013 Available from http://www.unhabitat.org/grhs/2013 Hoong-Chor Chin is an Associate Professor and Director of Safety Studies Initiative at the Dept of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore. A Professional Engineer, he has undertaken numerous consultancy and research work on Transportation Planning, Traffic Modelling and Road Safety Studies for local authorities and developers as well as organizations such as Asian Development Bank and Cities Development Initiative for Asia. Comments can be sent to: [email protected]. Disclaimer: This case study is published as submitted by the consultant, and it has not been edited by the United Nations. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries, or regarding its economic system or degree of development. The analysis, conclusions and recommendations of the report do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme, the Governing Council of the United Nations Human Settlements Programme or its Member States. Nairobi, 2011 Contents 1. The Crisis of Sustainability in Urban Mobility: The Case of South-Eastern
    [Show full text]
  • Report on Samoa
    South Pacific Geoscience Commission (SOPAC) SAMOA COUNTRY REPORT National Consultant Report on: OCTOBER 2005 Promotion of Environmentally Sustainable Transportation in the Pacific Islands SOUTH PACIFIC GEOSCIENCE COMMISSION (SOPAC) NATIONAL CONSULTANT REPORT ON PROMOTION OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION IN THE PACIFIC ISLANDS REPORT ON SAMOA TABLE OF CONTENTS GLOSSARY ..................................................................................................................... I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 1 REPORT ON METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................... 3 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................. 4 1.1 Environmentally Sustainable Transport.....................................................................................................4 1.2 Towards Achieving Environmental Sustainable Transport ......................................................................6 1.3 Sustainable Transport - Changing Our Way of Thinking.........................................................................9 1.4 Global Warming, Greenhouse Gases and Pollution.................................................................................12 1.5 The Pacific Context .....................................................................................................................................15 1.6 Samoa – A
    [Show full text]
  • April 07 1. Executive Summary. Representatives from the SWPHC
    SWPHC8-6 Report on CBC Technical Visit Samoa : April 07 1. Executive Summary. Representatives from the SWPHC and the IHB were pleased to attend the 11th PacMA and 1st Meeting of Ministers for Maritime Transport in Samoa. These meetings deliberated on the application of a range of IMO based policies, programmes, standards and procedures for the Pacific. The hydrographic presentation was well received and a paper was submitted to PacMA with the recommendation adopted by the Ministers of Transport. A number of opportunities were found to improve capacity building in the Pacific. Improving communication on hydrography is relatively straight forward and easily achieved. Linking local hydrographers with other maritime administrators and the sharing of in-country resources such as vessels has considerable merit. Further technical visits to specific countries with operational National Maritime Coordination Committees are recommended. Longer term value is likely to be gained from assessing the most critical capacity building needs and matching them against internal resources, training opportunities, the availability of local vessels and equipment and the services major Hydrographic Authorities are able to supply. Training opportunities described in IHO S-47 are not well known at this prevents countries from seeking access to teaching institutes through either scholarships or aid funding. 2. Background The 2nd meeting of the Capacity Building Committee, held in Fiji in November 2004, determined that support, in the form of a technical visit, was to be provided to the small Island States in the SWPHC. The original intent was to schedule a separate visit for each country however this proved to be logistically difficult.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Recovery Plan for Five Species from American Sāmoa
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Draft Recovery Plan for Five Species From American Sāmoa J. Malotaux R. Stirnemann Pe'ape'a Vai or Pacific Sheath-tailed BatBatBat Ma'oma'o Emballonura semicaudata semicaudata Gymnomyza samoensis Tu'aimeo or Friendly Ground-Dove J. Malotaux Gallicolumba stairi R. RundellRundellR. Rundell Eua zebrina R. Rundell Ostodes strigatus Draft Recovery Plan for Five Species from American Sāmoa Peʻapeʻa Vai or Pacific Sheath-tailed Bat, South Pacific Subspecies (Emballonura semicaudata semicaudata) Maʻomaʻo or Mao (Gymnomyza samoensis) Tuʻaimeo or Friendly Ground-Dove (Gallicolumba [=Alopecoenas] stairi) American Sāmoa Distinct Population Segment Eua zebrina Ostodes strigatus June 2020 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Portland, Oregon Approved: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX Regional Director U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service DISCLAIMER Recovery plans delineate reasonable actions needed to recover and/or protect listed species. We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), publish recovery plans, sometimes preparing them with the assistance of recovery teams, contractors, State agencies, and others. Objectives of the recovery plan are accomplished, and funds made available, subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved, as well as the need to address other priorities with the same funds. Recovery plans do not necessarily represent the views or the official positions or approval of any individuals or agencies involved in the plan formulation, other than our own. They represent our official position only after signed by the Director or Regional Director. Draft recovery plans are reviewed by the public and may be subject to additional peer review before the Service adopts them as final. Recovery objectives may be attained and funds expended contingent upon appropriations, priorities, and other budgetary constraints.
    [Show full text]
  • Polynesian Oral Traditions RAWIRI TAONUI1
    Polynesian Oral Traditions RAWIRI TAONUI1 CREATION Creation traditions explain the origins of all things, including the universe, heavens and earth, the gods of nature, all things animate and inanimate in the phenomenological world, male and female forms, and life and death. These mythologies reflect deep-seated philosophical, religious, cultural and social beliefs about the nature of reality and the unknown, being and non- being and the relationship between all things; hence they are regarded as the most sacred of all traditions. MAORI SPEECHMAKING New Zealand Maori celebrated Rangi (Skyfather) and Papa (Earthmother) in whakatauki (aphorisms), waiata (songs) and whaikorero(formal speechmaking) as the following example shows: E mihi atu ki Te Matua, ki a Ranginui, ki a Rangiroa, Greetings to the Skyfather, the Great Heavens, Tawhirirangi, Te Hauwhakaora, the Expansive Heavens Te Hau e pangia nga kiri o te tangata. The Heavenly Winds, the Life Giving Winds, E mihi atu ki a Papatuanuku, ki a Papatuarangi the Winds that caress the skin of all people. Te Papa i takatakahia e nga matua tupuna, Greetings to the Earthmother, Te Papa i waihotia e ratou ma extending beyond the visible land, Te Papa e maroro ki te itinga, e maroro ki te opunga extending beyond the visible heavens Te Papaawhi, e awhi ana i a tatou, o tena, o tena, The Earthmother trampled by our ancestors, o tena o nga whakatupuranga e tupu ake nei the Earthmother left in heritage by them Te Ukaipo, Te Ukaiao mo tatou katoa. The Earthmother that stretches unto the sunrise, that stretches unto the sunset The Embracing Earthmother that embraces each of us from all generations She that sustains us in the night, that sustains us in the day.2 Skyfather And Earthmother The ancestors of the Polynesians transported and relocated their oral traditions as they migrated across the Pacific Ocean.
    [Show full text]
  • BASIC DESIGN STUDY REPORT on the PROJECT for CONSTRUCTION of INTER-ISLAND FERRY in the INDEPENDENT STATE of SAMOA May 2008
    MINISTRY OF WORKS, TRANSPORT AND INFRASTRUCTURE No. THE INDEPENDENT STATE OF SAMOA BASIC DESIGN STUDY REPORT ON THE PROJECT FOR CONSTRUCTION OF INTER-ISLAND FERRY IN THE INDEPENDENT STATE OF SAMOA May 2008 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY FISHERIES ENGINEERING CO., LTD. GL JR 08-066 MINISTRY OF WORKS, TRANSPORT AND INFRASTRUCTURE THE INDEPENDENT STATE OF SAMOA BASIC DESIGN STUDY REPORT ON THE PROJECT FOR CONSTRUCTION OF INTER-ISLAND FERRY IN THE INDEPENDENT STATE OF SAMOA May 2008 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY FISHERIES ENGINEERING CO., LTD. PREFACE In response to a request from the Government of the Independent State of Samoa, the Government of Japan decided to conduct a basic design study on the Project for Construction of Inter-Island Ferry and entrusted the study to the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). JICA sent to Samoa a study team from November 13 to December 1, 2007. The team held discussions with the officials concerned of the Government of Samoa, and conducted a field study at the study area. After the team returned to Japan, further studies were made. Then, a mission was sent to Samoa in order to discuss a draft basic design, and as this result, the present report was finalized. I hope that this report will contribute to the promotion of the project and to the enhancement of friendly relations between our two countries. I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the Government of the Independent State of Samoa for their close cooperation extended to the teams. May 2008 Masafumi Kuroki Vice-President Japan International Cooperation Agency May 2008 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL We are pleased to submit to you the basic design study report on the Project for Construction of Inter-Island Ferry in the independent State of Sama.
    [Show full text]
  • SAMOA AVIATION INVESTMENT PROJECT June 28, 2021
    Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: ICR00005473 IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION AND RESULTS REPORT IDA‐H9140 TF‐17019 IDA‐58050 IDA‐D4570 ON A Public Disclosure Authorized CREDIT/GRANT IN THE AMOUNT OF SDR 30.63 MILLION (US$ 44.12 MILLION EQUIVALENT) TO THE Public Disclosure Authorized INDEPENDENT STATE OF SAMOA FOR THE SAMOA AVIATION INVESTMENT PROJECT June 28, 2021 Transport Global Practice Public Disclosure Authorized East Asia And Pacific Region CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Exchange Rate Effective, December 31, 2020 Currency Unit = Samoan Tala (WST) WST 2.59 = US$1 US$ 1.44 = SDR 1 FISCAL YEAR July 1 ‐ June 30 Regional Vice President: Victoria Kwakwa Country Director: (Acting) Paul Vallely Regional Director: Ranjit J. Lamech Practice Manager: Almud Weitz Task Team Leader(s): Noroarisoa Rabefaniraka, Nana S R H Soetantri ICR Main Contributor: Nana S R H Soetantri ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AF Additional Financing AGL Airfield Ground Lighting AGO Attorney General’s Office APW Faleolo International Airport ARFF Airfield Rescue and Fire Fighting ATC Air Traffic Control Equipment CAD Civil Aviation Division CASA Civil Aviation Safety Authority CBA Cost‐benefit analysis (CBA) CEMP Contractor’s Environmental Management Plan CESMP Contractor’s Environmental and Social Management Plan China EXIM Bank Export‐Import Bank of China CMA Continuous Monitoring Approach CPS Country Partnership Strategy CoC Codes of Conduct COVID‐19 Coronavirus Disease 2019 D&S Design and Supervision DA Designated Account DSA
    [Show full text]
  • Indigenous Protest in Colonial Sāmoa: the Mau Movements and the Response of the London Missionary Society, 1900 – 1935
    INDIGENOUS PROTEST IN COLONIAL SĀMOA: THE MAU MOVEMENTS AND THE RESPONSE OF THE LONDON MISSIONARY SOCIETY, 1900 – 1935 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HISTORY DECEMBER 2017 By Brian T. Alofaituli Dissertation Committee: David Chappell, Chairperson David Hanlon Matthew Romaniello Jeffrey Kapali Lyon Terence Wesley-Smith Copyright 2017 by Brian T. Alofaituli ii Dedicated to Taito Tusigaigoa Failautusi and Susie O’Brien Alofaituli, fa’afetai tele i lā oulua tatalo ma fa’amanuiaga. iii Acknowledgements Words are not enough to express my fa’afetai (thank you) to so many people that supported and helped me as I worked on this project. First and foremost, I want to thank my parents, Taito Failautusi and Susie O’Brien Alofaituli, my siblings, Kaisalina, Gwen, and Kip for their prayers and encouragement during this very long journey. Your support from day one has given me the strength and confidence to achieve this Ph.D. To my extended family, fa’afetai tele lava mo talosaga (thank you for your endless prayers). Many family members have passed on to heaven. I hope and pray that you are all mimita (proud). To the many clergymen and their wives from the Congregational Christian Church of American Sāmoa, thank you. I would like to thank my dissertation committee members Dr. David A. Chappell, Dr. David Hanlon, Dr. Terence Wesley-Smith, Dr. Matthew P. Romaniello, and Dr. Jeffrey K. Lyon for your feedback and support. In particular, I would like to thank my advisor Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • World Bank Document
    Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No. 56630-TO INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION COUNTRY ASSISTANCE STRATEGY Public Disclosure Authorized FOR THE KINGDOM OF TONGA FY 2011 - 2014 September 17, 2010 Public Disclosure Authorized Papua New Guinea, Pacific Islands and Timor Leste Country Management Unit East Asia and Pacific Region The International Finance Corporation Public Disclosure Authorized This document has a restricted distribution and may be used by recipients only in the performance of their official duties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. KINGDOM OF TONGA CURRENCY EQUIVALENT 1 Tongan Pa’anga (TOP) = 0.53 US Dollar (USD) (Exchange rate effective as of September 2010) FISCAL YEAR July 1 – June 31 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AAA Analytic and Advisory Activities ADB Asian Development Bank AusAID Australian Agency for International Development CAS Country Assistance Strategy CPAR Country Procurement Assessment Report CPPR Country Project Portfolio Review DGF Development Grant Facility DPO Development Policy Operation DRR Disaster Risk Reduction EC European Commission EITI Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative FIAS Investment Climate Advisory Service FTI Education for All Fast Track Initiative GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Environment Facility GFDRR Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery GFRP Global Food Crisis Response Program GNI Gross National Income HDI Human Development
    [Show full text]
  • Samoa Aviation Investment
    COMBINED PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENTS / INTEGRATED SAFEGUARDS DATA SHEET (PID/ISDS) ADDITIONAL FINANCING Report No.: PIDISDSA16109 Date Prepared/Updated: 23-Feb-2016 Public Disclosure Authorized I. BASIC INFORMATION A. Basic Project Data Country: Samoa Project ID: P157241 Parent P143408 Project ID (if any): Project Name: Samoa Aviation Investment Project Additional Financing (P157241) Parent Project Samoa Aviation Investment Project (P143408) Name: Public Disclosure Authorized Region: EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC Estimated 24-Feb-2016 Estimated 30-Mar-2016 Appraisal Date: Board Date: Practice Area Transport & ICT Lending Investment Project Financing (Lead): Instrument: Sector(s): Aviation (92%), Public administration- Transportation (8%) Theme(s): Regional integration (46%), Trade facilitation and market access (46%), Other public sector governance (6%), Natural disaster manage ment (2%) Borrower(s): Ministry of Finance Implementing Samoa Airport Authority Public Disclosure Authorized Agency: Financing (in USD Million) Financing Source Amount BORROWER/RECIPIENT 1.24 International Development Association (IDA) 16.62 Total Project Cost 17.86 Environmental B - Partial Assessment Category: Appraisal The review did authorize the team to appraise and negotiate Review Decision (from Public Disclosure Authorized Decision Note): Other Decision: Is this a No Repeater Page 1 of 10 project? B. Introduction and Context Country Context Samoa is a small Pacific Island Country (PIC) comprised of the islands of Upolu, which hosts the capital Apia, Savai'i, and seven smaller islands. More than 75 percent of its population of 186,000 lives on Upolu, with 20 percent in Apia. Samoa's inhabitants are 90 percent Polynesian, around seven percent are Euronesian, and the balance are either European or of mixed Asian-Polynesian descent.
    [Show full text]
  • A4530 - Buckley - Final Revise #B.Vp 18 March 2003 11:34:31 Color Profile: Disabled Composite Default Screen
    Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen Case Studies in Ecotourism 1 Z:\Customer\CABI\A4462 - Buckley\A4530 - Buckley - Final Revise #B.vp 18 March 2003 11:34:31 Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen 2 Z:\Customer\CABI\A4462 - Buckley\A4530 - Buckley - Final Revise #B.vp 18 March 2003 11:34:31 Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen Case Studies in Ecotourism Ralf Buckley International Centre for Ecotourism Research Griffith University Gold Coast, Australia CABI Publishing 3 Z:\Customer\CABI\A4462 - Buckley\A4530 - Buckley - Final Revise #B.vp 18 March 2003 11:34:31 Color profile: Disabled Composite Default screen CABI Publishing is a division of CAB International CABI Publishing CABI Publishing CAB International 44 Brattle Street Wallingford 4th Floor Oxon OX10 8DE Cambridge, MA 02138 UK USA Tel: +44 (0)1491 832111 Tel: +1 617 395 4056 Fax: +44 (0)1491 833508 Fax: +1 617 354 6875 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cabi-publishing.org ©CAB International 2003. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronically, mechanically, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the copyright owners. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library, London, UK. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Buckley, Ralf. Case studies in ecotourism / Ralf Buckley. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-85199-665-5 (alk. paper) 1. Ecotourism. I. Title. G156.5.E26 B83 2003 338.4′791--dc21 2002015911 ISBN 0 85199 665 5 Typeset by AMA DataSet Ltd, UK.
    [Show full text]