Menorca in Autumn

Naturetrek Tour Report 18 - 25 October 2017

Black Redstart Copper Demoiselle Female

Crimson Speckled Moth Egyptian Vulture

Report compiled by Ian Nicholson and Martin Beaton Images by Ian Nicholson

Naturetrek Mingledown Barn Wolf's Lane Chawton Alton Hampshire GU34 3HJ UK T: +44 (0)1962 733051 E: [email protected] W: www.naturetrek.co.uk

Tour Report Menorca in Autumn

Tour participants: Ian Nicholson and Martin Beaton (leaders), plus 16 Naturetrek Clients

Summary

The main focus of this tour was the migrating birds which pass through Menorca each autumn on their way south for the winter. As well as seeing birds in the varied habitats of this relatively small island, we had the opportunity to visit a bird-ringing station on the offshore islet of Isla del Aire, where we were able to see the birds at very close quarters. Within the range of habitats we explored we also found plenty of butterflies, dragonflies and plants along with other wildlife.

Day 1 Wednesday 18th October

The flights from all three UK airports which the group were using arrived more or less on time, so after meeting Llorenc, the hotel proprietor who always comes to the airport to greet visiting groups, we boarded the minibuses and drove the short distance to Matxani Gran, our base for the next week. The rooms were quickly allocated, and everyone met up for lunch at about 1.15.

After a leisurely lunch we had a gentle walk around the fields adjacent to the hotel which produced two Hoopoes, several Stonechats and Chiffchaffs, Cetti’s and Sardinian Warblers, plus large numbers of Goldfinches and Collared Doves, both of which seem to be increasing rapidly on Menorca at present. Several Booted Eagles, mainly of the pale form, soared overhead, and House Sparrows were abundant in the buildings and bushes around the hotel.

The fields were dominated by Common Asphodel (Asphodelus aestivus), along with the autumnal remains of Boar Thistle (Galacties tomentosa), Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) and Grey Asparagus (Asparagus horridus). In addition, we found the autumn flowers of Merendera (Colchicum filifolium), and the small autumn-flowering daffodil Narcissus serotinus. Several butterfly species, including Small Copper, Cleopatra, Red Admiral and the southern subspecies of Speckled Wood were found, along with a single specimen of Geranium Bronze, a South African species which has been accidentally introduced into the Balearic Islands and which is becoming something of a pest as its caterpillars feed exclusively on Pelargoniums. Also of note were large numbers of Crimson Speckled Moths - a very attractive day-flying species, and a Humming-bird Hawk-moth.

Later, we met up to go through the day’s sightings and our plans for the next few days and, after an excellent evening meal, everyone opted for an early night after a long day.

Day 2 Thursday 19th October

Tirant area We awoke this morning to an overcast sky and a persistent drizzle, and also some distant thunder, although there were a few breaks in the cloud to the west, which was the direction from which the weather was coming. After a substantial breakfast of fruit juice, cold meats, cheese, eggs, various pastries and bread, washed down with coffee or tea, we set off towards the north of the island, stopping briefly in Sant Climent to purchase bottles of water for the next few days. We made our way to Tirant Marsh, which was pretty dry at this time of the year, although there were a few Cattle Egrets around and a Lapwing was a bit of a surprise, as they are far from common on

Menorca in Autumn Tour Report

Menorca. Light rain was still falling as we made our way along the track to another part of the marsh, but it stopped briefly and, suddenly, there were a lot more birds to be seen. Linnets and Goldfinches flitted around in the low bushes, while Stonechats perched prominently on the fences and hedges. About six Chiffchaffs were also here, along with a Siskin, several Robins, Song Thrushes and Black Redstarts, but the star turn was a Bluethroat which perched initially on a tall bush and then on a fence, showing the orange patches at the base of its tail. The improvement in the weather also encouraged a few raptors to take to the sky, and Booted Eagles and Red Kites soared overhead, one of the former being harassed by a Kestrel.

The marsh was dominated by Common Spike-rush (Eleocharis palustris) with scattered bushes of Tamarisk. However, towards its seaward side, dwarf bushes of Shrubby Glasswort (Sarcocornia fruticosa) and Sea-purslane (Atriplex (Halimione) portulacoides) emphasised the increasing salinity of the soil.

From the marsh we moved on to the beach at Cala Tirant, where we found two Little Ringed Plovers and a Common Sandpiper feeding by a pool, and had distant views of an Audouin’s Gull. In the scrub behind the beach was a Hoopoe, several Chiffchaffs and many Linnets, and we also saw the heads of several Terrapins sticking up out of the water, but unfortunately, they were too distant to determine whether they were the native European Pond Terrapin or the introduced, and dominant, Red-eared Terrapin. Efforts have been made recently to remove the interlopers, but it is not clear at present how successful this has been.

The beach and sand dunes contain distinctive plants including Marram Grass (Ammophila arenaria), Sea Bindweed (Calystegia solandella), Sea Holly (Eryngium maritimum), Sea Rocket (Cakile maritima) and Sea Chamomile (Anthemis maritima). By now time was getting on, so we returned to the minibuses and had our picnic lunch. Fortunately, it remained dry while we had lunch, and while we ate we were entertained by Booted Eagles and Red Kites, while three Hermann’s Tortoises were found among the stony scrub beside the road. This dwarf-shrub community or garrigue is typical on dry stony ground in the Mediterranean region. Typical plants that we were able to identify included Spiny Broom (Calicotome spinosa), Phoenicean Juniper (Juniperus phoenicea), Grey-leaved Cistus (Cistus albidus), Montpellier Cistus (Cistus monspeliensis) and Canary Clover (Dorycnium hirsutum).

With lunch finished, we decided that a coffee stop was in order, so we drove the short distance to the village of Fornells where we parked by the harbour and strolled to one of the many cafes overlooking the sea. On returning to the vehicles, the plan was to visit an area of disused salt pans just outside the village, but the sky was looking extremely dark and forbidding, and no sooner had we got in the vans and closed the doors than the heavens opened, and we were in the middle of a torrential downpour. A quick radio conversation between the vans confirmed that no one particularly wanted to walk round the salt pans in this weather, so we decided that we would head towards Cala en Porter on the south coast, and if the weather was still no better, we would call it a day and head back to the hotel. At Cala en Porter there was no sign of any improvement, so we did exactly that.

Back at the hotel, Llorenc said that he had been at the other end of the island and there had been a terrific thunderstorm lasting several hours, so it rather looked as though we had had the best of the weather. The rain did stop in the early evening, and some of the group ventured out around the hotel, seeing a Hoopoe, two Siskins, two Thekla Larks and several Black Redstarts.

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Menorca in Autumn Tour Report

Day 3 Friday 20th October

Cap de Cavalleria, Sa Roca and Mahon This morning we headed north again, our destination being Cap de Cavalleria, the most northerly point of the island. On our way out to the headland we stopped briefly at the inlet at Sanitja, which was the main port in Roman times, and had a slightly longer stop at Cala Viola where we found several Black Redstarts and Meadow Pipits, a Common Redstart and a Siskin amongst other species. This area provided our first view of the short, bushy vegetation of the north coast, referred to as socarrell, which contains numerous specialist and endemic plants which are able to survive the extreme winds and salinity. Here, we found Balearic Milk-vetch (Astragalus balearicus), Yellow Anthyllis (Anthyllis hystrix) and Hedgehog Lettuce (Launaea cervicornis). Further on near the lighthouse, we were disappointed to find that the café was closed, despite the sign stating that it is open until the end of October (this is the opposite situation to that in our spring tour, when it was open in April even though according to the same sign says it doesn’t open until 1st May!). Around the headland were more Black Redstarts and Robins, as well as several Blue Rock Thrushes and two Kestrels. The sculpted rocky stones of the headland provide shelter for a number of unusual plans including, the autumn-flowering Painted Arum (Arum pictum), the Balearic Foxglove (Digitalis minor) and Smilax (Smilax aspera var. balearica).

We decided to have lunch in the pleasant wooded valley at Sa Roca in the centre of the island, where there were some interesting plants to admire. Growing below the Aleppo Pines (Pinus halepensis), were Holm Oak (Quercus ilex, which would eventually replace the pine as the dominant tree species), Many-flowered Heath (Erica multiflora), Grey-leaved Cistus (Cistus albidus), Sage-leaved Cistus (Cistus salvifolius) and the Montpellier Cistus (Cistus monspeliensis), along with several fabulous specimens of the Strawberry Tree (Arbutus unedo) with ripe fruits. Birds were rather thin on the ground here, although two Ravens flying overhead were an addition to the week’s list, and migrating Robins were singing all around us.

After lunch we headed to Mahon, the capital of the island, where we had time for a quick coffee before boarding the “Yellow Catamaran” for a tour of the harbour, which is the second-largest deep-water harbour in the world (only Pearl Harbour is larger). Its strategic significance in past centuries is clear, and the British, French, American and Spanish navies have all made use of it over the years. The commentary pointed out the places of historical interest, and we found our own birds to look at, including Sandwich Terns, Kingfisher, Little Egrets, Audouin’s Gulls, Booted Eagles and two Peregrines. There was also the opportunity to view the undersea life through the glass panels in the lower deck of the boat.

On leaving the boat, we drove along the harbour admiring the numerous luxurious yachts at their moorings, before returning to the hotel for our evening meal.

Day 4 Saturday 21st October

Isla del Aire, S’Albufera des Grau and Son Parc We awoke to a sunny morning, and the weather remained pleasantly warm for the whole day. The plan this morning was for half the group to visit the offshore islet of Isla del Aire, while the other half would go to the large wetland reserve at S’Albufera des Grau. The boat which takes us over to the islet is only licenced for 12 passengers, so with 18 of us we would obviously have to go over in two groups, one today and the other on Monday. The group visiting the island needed to have an early breakfast at 7.30am as the local guide Javier who

Menorca in Autumn Tour Report

was joining us for the morning was arriving at 8am. We drove to the resort of S’Algar in bright sunshine, and boarded the boat for the 20-minute crossing to Isla del Aire, where we were introduced to the bird ringers who spend a week at a time on the island, ringing some of the thousands of birds which pass through on their southbound migration.

We watched with interest as they ringed a Siskin, several Robins and Black Redstarts, a couple of Chiffchaffs and, best of all, a Hawfinch - only the second on the island in the 25 years that the ringing station has been operating. We were shown the nets and the expert way in which the ringers extract the birds before taking them back to the ringing station to be ringed, aged and sexed, measured and weighed before being released to continue their journey.

We also walked out to the lighthouse at the opposite end of the island, seeing on the way hundreds of the black form of Lilford’s Wall Lizard which is only found here. This species used to be widespread on Menorca, but has been displaced on the main island by the Italian Wall Lizard, and it now only survives on the small offshore islets, on each of which it has evolved its own distinct form. We also saw a Peregrine, a Great Egret, numerous Linnets and Goldfinches and a Common Redstart, as well as several Black Redstarts and Song Thrushes, and, from the lighthouse, some of the group managed to see two Scopoli’s Shearwaters passing by.

All too soon it was time for the boat to collect us and take us back to S’Algar from where we drove to join the rest of the group just outside the resort of Son Parc.

The other part of our group visited the large wetland reserve at S’Albufera des Grau. Visiting a small hide near to the car park en route, we found the nest site (now abandoned) of Red-rumped Swallow, with the typical extended entrance to the mud-domed nest. From the hide we saw numerous Mallard, Shoveler, Gadwall, Teal and Common Pochard, with Little and Great Crested Grebes and a Black-necked Grebe. On the small shoreline in front of the hide we saw Snipe and Woodcock. At the second hide we found Pintail, along with numerous Coot and numbers of Lapwing. The group also made a final visit to the eastern side of the lagoon at S’Albufera des Grau, passing through an interesting area of salt marsh, containing the yellow flowers of Golden Samphire (Inula crithmoides) and blue flowers of Sea Lavender (Limonium virgatum). However, whilst there were large numbers of Coots here, we identified no new birds so left for Son Parc, where the two groups were to meet.

We had lunch near the beach, followed by a coffee at a nearby café, and afterwards, we walked through the woods to a point overlooking a marshy lake where we saw about six Western Swamphens, two Marsh Harriers, a Great Egret plus several species of duck including Mallard, Teal and Shoveler and about six Little Grebes.

Back at Matxani Gran several of us walked around the fields and along the entrance track, seeing Thekla Larks, several Black Redstarts, two Hoopoes and two Blackcaps.

Day 5 Sunday 22nd October

Mongofre Nou, Cap Favaritx and Monte Toro Today was rather overcast, and a brisk north-westerly wind was blowing as we set off towards today’s first destination which was the disused salt pans at Mongofre Nou. We took a detour off the main road and found a flock of over 30 Corn Buntings - a species which is still common in much of southern Europe, unlike the

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Menorca in Autumn Tour Report

situation in the UK where it has declined dramatically over the last 40 years. Also along this quiet, narrow lane were a Marsh Harrier, several Kestrels and a couple of Red-legged Partridges.

Arriving at the parking area for Mongofre Nou, we came across two Peregrines flying around the hillside, and along the first part of the track there were lots of Robins and Sardinian Warblers and a few Stonechats and Chiffchaffs. When we arrived at the old salt workings, there were surprisingly few waders present, but we did manage to find a Green Sandpiper, about five Common Sandpipers and a Little Ringed Plover, while out in the open water were eight Greater Flamingos, two Great Crested Grebes and plenty of Grey Herons and Little Egrets. A flock of Ravens flew over, as did two Egyptian Vultures and several Booted Eagles. We often see Ospreys here, and we were not disappointed today, as one made several passes over the water, but unfortunately made no attempt to catch its lunch. On the walk out to the marsh we came across a Wasp Spider (Argiope bruennichi). The upper salt marsh seems to be the principal habitat for this species as we found numerous individuals further along the track in much the same position. The principal plants of the coastal fringe were Umbrella Pine (Pinus pinea) and Tree Spurge (Euphorbia dendroides).

After around 90 minutes, we made our way back to the car park and set off towards Cap Favaritx at the north- eastern corner of the island. We stopped initially about kilometre before the lighthouse to look at the sparse flora of the socarrell, where we found Dorycnium flugurans. Travelling on to the lighthouse, we found a Kentish Plover feeding beside the pool opposite the car park. This pool, which is quite extensive in spring, frequently dries up at this time of the year, but today there was a reasonable amount of water, due at least in part to the heavy rain a few days ago. We walked out towards the lighthouse, scanning the sea for any passing Shearwaters without success, before returning to the car park where we had lunch.

Our next destination was the highest point on the island, Monte Toro, near the town of Es Mercadal. The view from the top is magnificent and, as the weather had cleared somewhat, we were able to see most of the places which we had visited over the previous few days. We enjoyed a drink in the café, while some of us visited the gift shop and/or the church (there is still a religious community living up here), and others simply admired the view, before it was time to make our way back down the winding road to Es Mercadal. Finally today, we had a brief stop at Cala en Porter on the south coast, where we found Grey Bird’s-foot Trefoil (Lotus cytisoides) and Small Tree-mallow (Lavatera cretica), before heading back to Matxani Gran for another splendid evening meal.

Day 6 Monday 23rd October

Isla del Aire, S’Albufera des Grau and Son Bou This morning was basically the reverse of Saturday, with half the group going out to Isla del Aire and the other half visiting S’Albufera des Grau.

On our boat trip out we had distant views of Scopoli's Shearwater. Arriving at the island, we were given an introduction to the work of the ringing group, along with a ringing demonstration with a detailed review of the way that the birds are aged and sexed, measured and weighed, before being released to continue their journey. We also had a fantastic close view of recently caught birds by Javier, our guide; they always appear so much smaller and more delicate that imagined through binoculars. We were also shown the nets and the expert way in which the ringers extract the birds before taking them back to the ringing station to be ringed.

Menorca in Autumn Tour Report

After our ringing demonstration we walked up to the lighthouse where we looked for Scopoli's Shearwater. None were seen but we did however have good views of Peregrine, which nest on the lighthouse, and on our return walk we saw a Gannet and a Great Egret on the distant shore. Everyone also saw the unusual dark subspecies of Lilford’s Wall Lizard, which has been entirely displaced from the main island of Menorca by the Italian wall Lizard.

The vegetation on the island is gradually recovering after farming was abandoned about 50 years ago, so it is possible to observe a more natural vegetation than on the main island. In addition to the frequently occurring coast plants seen around the main island of Menorca, we found the Yellow Restharrow (Ononis natrix subsp. hispanica) and the Shrubby Orache (Atriplex halimus) as well as the leaves of Dead Horse Arum (Helicodiceros muscivorus) which we saw en route to the lighthouse. Just as we were about to board our boat we heard an excited yell, and the ringers revealed a Hawfinch which had just been caught.

Meanwhile, Ian and the S’Albufera group found plenty to see. From the first hide we watched a Common Snipe feeding on the mud immediately front of us, while further out in the open water were literally thousands of waterfowl. The ducks included Mallard, Shoveler, Gadwall, Teal and Common Pochard, with Little and Great Crested Grebes also present, along with numerous Coots, while Little Egrets and Grey Herons patrolled the shallows.

Moving further around the lake we found many more ducks including Wigeon, Red-crested Pochard and a single Ferruginous Duck, plus three Black-necked Grebes. We also had rather distant views of a small flock of waders which comprised four Greenshank, two Spotted Redshank and a Common Redshank, while overhead an Osprey was a very welcome sight. There were even more Coots here, and a sightings board in the visitor centre showed that a count a few days earlier had produced a total well in excess of 2,000.

Returning to the minibus, we drove the short distance round to the other side of the lake near the village of Es Grau, where we walked along the boardwalk, seeing more ducks and grebes, including a group of about 20 Little Grebes which amused us by diving and surfacing in perfect unison. An Osprey flew by carrying a large fish, and then another appeared heading out over the water. In the bushes by the boardwalk we came across a small flock of Siskins and lots of Goldfinches, and several Black Redstarts were on the roadside and in the car park. As well as the birds we saw a variety of butterflies at S’Albufera, including Cleopatra, Bath White, Clouded Yellow, Red Admiral and Painted Lady.

We then had to make our way back to Matxani Gran where we were meeting the rest of the group for lunch, before setting out for our afternoon destination, Son Bou on the south coast, where a huge reedbed lies right behind the beach. As access to the reedbed and sand dunes is very restricted, we have found over the years that the best place from which to view the area is from a track slightly inland, which gives an elevated view over the reeds and wet grassland. At the beginning of the track we found some interesting dragonflies, including Copper Demoiselle and Keeled Skimmer, and birds seen included two Marsh Harriers, two Green Sandpiper, Tawny Pipit, Northern Wheatear, Chiffchaff, Stonechat and Cattle Egret. By the stepping stones at the far end of the reedbed were several dragonflies, including Common, Red-veined and Scarlet Darters, while butterflies were well represented by Common Blue, Small Copper, Speckled Wood and Cleopatra, amongst others.

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Menorca in Autumn Tour Report

Day 7 Tuesday 24th October

Punta Nati and Algendar Gorge Our last full day in Menorca began with the longest drive of the week, right across the island to Punta Nati at the north-western tip of Menorca. On the way we saw Kestrels, Booted Eagles and Red Kites by the side of the main road, and when we turned off onto the narrow single-track road out towards the lighthouse there were Linnets, Thekla Larks and Wheatears in the fields and on the stone walls.

The landscape around Punta Nati consists of a stony arid landscape of large walled fields with magnificent sheep shelters; there is little to see in the fields here in October save numerous specimens of Caper (Capparis spinosa), Squirting Cucumber (Ecballium elaterium) and Silver Ragwort (Senecio bicolor)

The main target species here were Egyptian Vulture and Stone-curlew, and the former was easily found, with up to eight circling overhead and gliding along the edge of the cliffs. Stone-curlew, however, was much more elusive, and despite extensive scanning of the fields, it wasn’t until it was almost time to leave that a small flock of five took to the air, allowing most of the group to see them. This was slightly disappointing, as a few days previously there had been up to 70 here, but it is a big area, and the species is noted for being very good at remaining hidden. Also of note here were two species of lizard, these being the Italian Wall Lizard, which is common all over the island, and a single Moroccan Rock Lizard, which is only found at a few locations.

Next, we drove to the upper end of the Algendar Gorge in the centre of the island where Llorenc was preparing a barbecue lunch on the terrace of a house being renovated by his father. This is a superb setting, with magnificent views of the gorge and with Egyptian Vultures and Booted Eagles overhead; it was a pleasant way to spend about 90 minutes or so. Llorenc’s barbecue included pizza slices and pastries to start with, followed by chicken kebabs, burgers and two types of local sausage, all washed down with beer, soft drinks and water, and by the end we were wondering whether we would be hungry enough to do justice to our meal this evening.

The Gorge is shaded, cool and tranquil and provides a habitat for a number of species considered rare on the island. The edge of the track down contains Maidenhair fern (Adiantum capillus-veneris) with Smooth-leafed Elm (Ulmus minor), and Greater Celandine (Chelidonium majus). The gorge has been cultivated for millennia, and contains Lemon, Orange, Apple, Kumquat, and the less-obvious Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) the fruit of which formed part of our lunch.

On the way back up to the vehicles, some of us took the old path which is steep in places and can be slippery when wet, but today it was not too difficult. It was badly damaged by a severe storm in 2015, but remains passable with a little care, and it is worth the effort to see several special plants, including Viola stolonifera, Laurus nobilis, Sibthorpia africana, and Cyclamen balearicum,

Back at Matxani Gran we met up at 7pm to go through the final checklist of the week and to go over plans for our departure tomorrow morning, before our last dinner together.

Menorca in Autumn Tour Report

Day 8 Wednesday 25th October

Matxani Gran and return to UK With all three flights departing in the morning, there wasn’t much time to do anything today other than finish packing and head to the airport. A few of us wandered around the hotel grounds seeing Black Redstarts, Chiffchaffs, a Hoopoe and two Kestrels, but it was soon time to load up the minibuses. Fortunately, all the flights were on time, and after saying our goodbyes, we were all on our way to our various destinations.

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Menorca in Autumn Tour Report

Species Lists

Plants Scientific Name Common Name

Selaginellaceae Selaginella denticulata Mediterranean Clubmoss

Equisetaceae Equisetum telmateia Great Horsetail

Adiantaceae Adiantum capillus-veneris Maidenhair Fern

Polypodiaceae Polypodium australe Southern Polypody

Aspleniaceae Phyllitis sagittata Mule's Fern

Pinaceae Pinus halepensis ssp. halepensis Aleppo Pine Pinus pinea Stone Pine

Cupressaceae Cupressus sempervirens var. sempervirens Funeral Cypress Juniperus phoenicea Phoenician Juniper

Araucariaceae Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk Island Pine

Ephedraceae Ephedra fragilis Joint-pine

Fagaceae Quercus ilex ssp. ilex Holm Oak

Moraceae Ficus carica Fig

Urticaceae Parietaria judaica Pellitory-of-the-wall Urtica membranacea Mediterranean Nettle

Polygonaceae Polygonum maritimum Sea Knotgrass Rumex bucephalophorus Horned Dock Rumex crispus ssp. crispus Curled Dock Rumex obtusifolius Broad-leaved Dock Rumex pulcher Fiddle Dock Rumex x pseudopulcher [crispus x pulcher]

Chenopodiaceae Arthrocnemon perenne Perennial Glasswort

Menorca in Autumn Tour Report

Scientific Name Common Name

Atriplex prostratus Spear-leaved Orache Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris Beet Halimione portulacoides Sea-purslane Salicornia sp. a Glasswort

Aizoaceae Aptenia cordifolia Heart-leaved Iceplant Carpobrotus edulis var. edulis Hottentot-fig Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum Slender Iceplant

Caryophyllaceae Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare Common Mouse-ear Cerastium glomeratum Sticky Mouse-ear Minuartia hybrida Fine-leaved Sandwort Petrorhagia nanteuilii Childing Pink Polycarpon polycarpoides Purslane-leaved Allseed Polycarpon tetraphyllum ssp. tetraphyllum Four-leaved Allseed Silene gallica var. anglica English Catchfly Silene gallica var. gallica Small-flowered Catchfly Silene secundiflora Silene sedoides Hairy Catchfly Silene vulgaris Bladder Campion Spergularia marina Sea-spurrey Spergularia rubra Sand Spurrey

Ranunculaceae Clematis cirrhosa Early Virgin's-bower Nigella damascena Love-in-a-mist Ranunculus bulbosus ssp. aleae Bulbous Buttercup Ranunculus macrophyllus Large-leaved Buttercup Ranunculus muricatus Rough-fruited Buttercup Ranunculus ophioglossifolius Adder's-tongue Spearwort Ranunculus parviflorus Small-flowered Buttercup Ranunculus peltatus Pond Water-crowfoot Ranunculus sceleratus ssp. sceleratus Celery-leaved Buttercup Ranunculus trilobus Three-leaved Buttercup

Papaveraceae Glaucium flavum Yellow Horned-poppy Papaver hybridum Rough Poppy Papaver rhoeas Common Poppy

Fumariaceae Fumaria capreolata ssp. capreolata White Ramping-fumitory Fumaria capreolata ssp. Capreolata f. speciosa Fumaria officinalis Common Fumitory

Capparaceae Capparis spinosa ssp. spinosa Caper

Brassicaceae Brassica rapa Turnip Cakile maritima ssp. aegyptiaca Sea Rocket

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Menorca in Autumn Tour Report

Scientific Name Common Name

Capsella bursa-pastoris ssp. bursa-pastoris Shepherd's-purse Lepidium draba ssp. draba Hoary Cress Lobularia maritima Sweet Alison Matthiola sinuata Sea Stock Raphanus raphanistrum Wild Radish Rapistrum rugosum Bastard Cabbage Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum Watercress Sisymbrium officinale Hedge Mustard

Resedaceae Reseda alba White Mignonette

Crassulaceae Sedum rubens ssp. rubens Reddish Stonecrop Sedum sediforme Pale Stonecrop Umbilicus horizontalis Horizontal Navelwort Pittosporaceae Pittosporum tobira Japanese Orange-blossom

Rosaceae Potentilla reptans Creeping Cinquefoil Prunus persica Peach Rosa sempervirens Evergreen Rose Rubus fruticosus agg. Bramble Sanguisorba minor ssp. magnolii Mediterranean Burnet

Fabaceae Anthyllis tetraphylla Bladder Vetch Anthyllis vulneraria ssp. praepropera Kidney Vetch Astragalus balearicus Balearic Milk-vetch Astragalus boeticus Yellow Milk-vetch Astragalus hamosus Southern Milk-vetch Calicotome spinosa Spiny Broom Coronilla juncea Narrow-leaved Scorpion-vetch Dorycnium hirsutum Canary Clover Dorycnium fulgurans Dorycnium pentaphyllum ssp. pentaphyllum Badassi Hedysarum coronarium French Honeysuckle Hippocrepis unisiliquosa Single-flowered Horseshoe-vetch Lathyrus annuus Fodder Pea Lathyrus clymenum Crimson Pea Lathyrus ochrus Winged Vetchling Lotus corniculatus Bird's-foot-trefoil Lotus cytisoides Grey Bird's-foot-trefoil Lotus edulis Edible Bird's-foot-trefoil Lotus ornithopodioides Southern Bird's-foot-trefoil Lotus subbiflorus Hairy Bird's-foot-trefoil Lotus tetraphyllus Four-leaved Bird's-foot-trefoil Lupinus micranthus Hairy Lupin Medicago aculeata ? Medicago arabica Spotted Medick Medicago arborea Tree Medick Medicago littoralis Shore Medick

Menorca in Autumn Tour Report

Scientific Name Common Name

Medicago marina Sea Medick Medicago orbicularis Disc Medick Medicago polymorpha Toothed Medick Medicago rugosa Wrinkled Medick Melilotus elegans Elegant Melilot Melilotus indica Small-flowered Melilot Melilotus sulcata Furrowed Melilot Ononis minutissima Tiny Restharrow Ononis reclinata Small Restharrow Ononis viscosa ssp. breviflora Sticky Restharrow Psoralea bitumenosa Pitch Trefoil Robinia hispida Rose Acacia Robinia pseudacacia False Acacia Scorpiurus muricatus Caterpillar-plant Spartium junceum Spanish Broom Trifolium angustifolium Narrow-leaved Clover Trifolium campestre Hop Trefoil Trifolium cherleri Cherler's Clover Trifolium ligusticum Ligurian Clover Trifolium repens White Clover Trifolium resupinatum Reversed Clover Trifolium scabrum Rough Clover Trifolium stellatum Star Clover Trifolium suffocatum Suffocated Clover Vicia benghalensis Purple Vetch Vicia bithynica Bithynian Vetch Vicia lutea Yellow-vetch Vicia sativa Common Vetch Vicia tenuissima Slender Tare

Oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata var. atropurpurea Procumbent Yellow-sorrel Oxalis corniculata var. corniculata Procumbent Yellow-sorrel Oxalis pes-caprae Bermuda Buttercup

Geraniaceae Erodium chium ssp. chium Three-lobed Stork's-bill Erodium cicutarium Common Stork's-bill Erodium malacoides Soft Stork's-bill Geranium columbinum Long-stalked Crane's-bill Geranium dissectum Cut-leaved Crane's-bill Geranium molle Dove's-foot Crane's-bill Geranium purpureum Little Robin Geranium rotundifolium Round-leaved Crane's-bill

Tropaeolaceae Tropaeolum majus Nasturtium

Linaceae Linum bienne Pale Flax Linum strictum Upright Yellow-flax Linum trigynum French Flax

12 © Naturetrek December 17

Menorca in Autumn Tour Report

Scientific Name Common Name

Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia chamaesyce ssp. chamaesyce Small Spurge Euphorbia dendroides Tree Spurge Euphorbia exigua Dwarf Spurge Euphorbia paralias Sea Spurge Euphorbia segetalis ? Grainfield Spurge Mercurialis annua Annual Mercury Ricinus communis Castor-oil-plant

Rutaceae Citrus limon Lemon Citrus sinensis Orange Ruta graveolens Rue

Simaroubaceae Ailanthus altissima Tree-of-heaven

Polygalaceae Polygala monspeliaca Montpellier Milkwort

Anacardinaceae Pistacia lentiscus Mastic Tree

Vitaceae Vitis vinifera Grape

Malvaceae Althaea hirsuta Rough Marsh-mallow Lavatera arborea Tree-mallow Lavatera cretica Small Tree-mallow Malva sylvestris Common Mallow

Clusiaceae Hypericum perfoliatum Perfoliate St John's-wort Hypericum perforatum Common St John's-wort

Cistaceae Cistus albidus Grey-leaved Cistus Cistus incanus ssp. creticus Hairy Cistus Cistus monspeliensis Montpellier Cistus Cistus salvifolius Sage-leaved Cistus Fumana thymifolia Thyme-leaved Rockrose Tuberaria guttata Spotted Rockrose

Tamaricaceae Tamarix gallica Tamarisk

Frankeniaceae Frankenia laevis Sea-heath Frankenia pulverulenta Annual Sea-heath

Menorca in Autumn Tour Report

Scientific Name Common Name

Cucurbitaceae Ecballium elaterium Squirting Cucumber

Cactaceae Opuntia sp. a Prickly-pear

Lythraceae Lythrum hyssopifolia Grass-poly Lythrum junceum False Grass-poly

Punicaceae Punica granatum Pomegranate

Onagraceae Epilobium tetragonum Square-stalked Willowherb Oenothera rosea Pink Evening-primrose

Theligonaceae Theligonum cynocrambe Dog-cabbage

Araliaceae Hedera helix Ivy

Apiaceae Apium nodiflorum Fool's Watercress Bupleurum baldense ssp. baldense Small Hare's-ear Bupleurum semicompositum Grey Hare's-ear Crithmum maritimum Rock Samphire Daucus carota Wild Carrot Eryngium campestre Field Eryngo Eryngium maritimum Sea-holly Ferula communis Giant Fennel Kundmannia sicula Oenanthe lachenalii Parsley Water-dropwort Smyrnium olusatrum Alexanders Tordylium apulum Mediterranean Hartwort Torilis leptophylla Bristle-fruited Hedge-parsley Torilis nodosa Knotted Hedge-parsley

Ericaceae Arbutus unedo Strawberry-tree Erica arborea Tree Heath Erica multiflora Many-flowered Heath

Primulaceae Anagallis arvensis ssp. arvensis f. arvensis Scarlet Pimpernel Anagallis arvensis ssp. arvensis f. azurea Scarlet Pimpernel [blue form] Samolus valerandi Brookweed

Plumbaginaceae Limonium fontqueri ? Limonium minutum Dwarf Sea-lavender

14 © Naturetrek December 17

Menorca in Autumn Tour Report

Scientific Name Common Name

Oleaceae Olea europaea Olive Phillyrea angustifolia False Olive

Gentianaceae Blackstonia perfoliata ssp. grandiflora Yellow-wort [large flowered form] Blackstonia perfoliata ssp. perfoliata Yellow-wort Centaurea erythraea Common Centaury Centaurium maritimum Yellow Centaury Centaurium pulchellum Lesser Centaury Centaurium tenuiflorum Slender Centaury

Apocynaceae Nerium oleander Oleander

Asclepiadaceae Cynanchum acutum ? Strangleweed Vincetoxicum hirundinaria ssp. hirundinaria Swallow-wort

Rubiaceae Crucianella maritima Sea Crosswort Galium aparine Cleavers Galium palustre ssp. elongatum Marsh-bedstraw Galium verrucosum Warty Bedstraw Rubia peregrina Wild Madder Rubia peregrina var. angustifolia ? Wild Madder [narrow leaved form] Sherardia arvensis Field Madder Valantia hispida Hairy Valantia Valantia muralis Wall Valantia

Convolvulaceae Calystegia sepium Hedge Bindweed Calystegia soldanella Sea Bindweed Convolvulus althaeoides ssp. althaeoides Mallow-leaved Bindweed Convolvulus arvensis Field Bindweed Convolvulus siculus ssp. siculus Small Blue-convolvulus

Boraginaceae Anchusa azurea Blue Alkanet Borago officinalis Borage Cynoglossum creticum Blue Hound's-tongue Echium italicum Pale Viper's-bugloss Echium parviflorum Small-flowered Viper's-bugloss Echium plantagineum Purple Viper's-bugloss

Lamiaceae Ajuga iva Southern Bugle Ballota nigra Black Horehound Lavandula stoechas ssp. stoechas French Lavender Mentha aquatica Water Mint Mentha pulegium Pennyroyal Mentha suaveolens Round-leaved Mint Micromeria graeca ssp. graeca Greek Mountain-mint

Menorca in Autumn Tour Report

Scientific Name Common Name

Prasium majus White Hedge-nettle Rosmarinus officinalis Rosemary Salvia verbenaca Wild Clary Sideritis romana ssp. romana Common Ironwort Stachys ocymastrum Italian Woundwort Teucrium marum ssp. marum Cat Thyme Teucrium polium Felty Germander

Solanaceae Solanum dulcamara Bittersweet Solanum nigrum Black Nightshade Solanum sodomeum Apple-of-Sodom

Scrophulariaceae Bellardia trixago Mediterranean Lineseed Digitalis dubia Spanish Foxglove Linaria triphylla Three-leaved Toadflax Misopates orontium Weasel-snout Parentucellia viscosa Yellow Bartsia Paulownia tomentosa Foxglove-tree Scrophularia auriculata Water Figwort Scrophularia peregrina Nettle-leaved Figwort Scrophularia ramosissima Verbascum creticum Glandular Mullein Veronica cymbalaria Pale Speedwell

Orobanchaceae Orobanche foetida Foetid Broomrape Orobanche minor Common Broomrape Orobanche ramosa ssp. mutelii Branched Broomrape

Plantaginaceae Plantago afra Glandular Plantain Plantago bellardii ssp. bellardii Hairy Plantain Plantago coronopus Buck's-horn Plantain Plantago crassifolia Thick-leaved Plantain Plantago lagopus Hare's-foot Plantain Plantago lanceolata Ribwort Plantain Plantago major ssp. major Greater Plantain

Caprifoliaceae Lonicera implexa Mediterranean Honeysuckle

Valerianaceae Centranthus calcitrapae Annual Valerian Valerianella dentata Narrow-fruited Cornsalad

Dipsacaceae Scabiosa atropurpurea Mournful-widow

Campanulaceae Campanula erinus Small Bellflower

Menorca in Autumn Tour Report

Scientific Name Common Name

Asteraceae Anthemis cotula Stinking Chamomile Anthemis maritima Sea Chamomile Artemisia caerulescens ssp. gallica Bluish Wormwood Asteriscus aquaticus Golden-star Bellium bellidioides Miniature Daisy Bellis annua ssp. annua Annual Daisy Calendula arvensis Field Marigold Carduus pycnocephalus Plymouth Thistle Carduus tenuiflorus Slender Thistle Carlina sp. a Carline-thistle Centaurea aspera Rough Star-thistle Chrysanthemum coronarium var. coronarium Crown Daisy Chrysanthemum coronarium var. discolor Chrysanthemum segetum Corn Marigold Cichorium intybus Chicory Cirsium vulgare Spear Thistle Conyza sumatrensis Guernsey Fleabane Crepis vesicaria ? Beaked Hawk's-beard Dittrichia viscosa ssp. viscosa Woody Fleabane Evax pygmaea ssp. pygmaea Evax Filago gallica Narrow-leaved Cudweed Filago pyramidata Broad-leaved Cudweed Galactites tomentosa Boar Thistle Hedypnois cretica Scaly Hawkbit Helichrysum ambiguum Helichrysum stoechas ssp. stoechas Shrubby Everlasting Hyoseris radiata Perennial Hyoseris Inula crithmoides Golden Samphire Launaea cervicornis Hedgehog Lettuce Pallenis spinosa ssp. spinosa Spiny Starwort Phagnalon rupestre Rock Phagnalon Picris echioides Bristly Oxtongue Reichardia tingitana False Sow-thistle Scolymus hispanicus Spanish Oysterplant Senecio cineraria Silver Ragwort Senecio rodriguezii Senecio vulgaris Groundsel Silybum marianum Milk Thistle Sonchus asper Prickly Sow-thistle Sonchus oleraceus Smooth Sow-thistle Tolpis barbata Eye-of-Christ Urospermum dalechampii Goldenfleece Urospermum picroides Prickly Goldenfleece

Alismataceae Alisma lanceolatum Narrow-leaved Water-plantain Baldellia ranunculoides Lesser Water-plantain

Potamogetonaceae Potamogeton crispus Curled Pondweed

Menorca in Autumn Tour Report

Scientific Name Common Name

Posidoniaceae Posidonia oceanica Neptune-grass

Liliaceae Allium ampeloprasum var. ampeloprasum Wild Leek Allium roseum var. bulbiferum Rosy Garlic [bulbilliferous form] Allium roseum var. roseum Rosy Garlic Allium subhirsutum Hairy Garlic Allium triquetrum Three-cornered Leek Aloe maculata Soap Aloe Asparagus acutifolius Spiny Asparagus Asparagus albus White Asparagus Asparagus stipularis Grey Asparagus Asphodelus aestivus Turkish Asphodel Asphodelus fistulosus Hollow-stemmed Asphodel Muscari comosum Tassel Hyacinth Nothoscordum borbonicum Honeybells Ornithogalum arabicum Large Star-of-Bethlehem Ruscus aculeatus Butcher's-broom Smilax aspera Mediterranean Smilax Urginea maritima Sea Squill

Agavaceae Agave americana Centuryplant

Amaryllidaceae Leucojum aestivum ssp. pulchellum Summer Snowflake Narcissus tazetta ssp. tazetta Bunch-flowered Daffodil Pancratium maritimum Sea Daffodil

Dioscoreaceae Tamus communis Black Bryony

Iridaceae Gladiolus communis Eastern Gladiolus Gladiolus illyricus Wild Gladiolus Gladiolus italicus Cornflag Iris pseudacorus Yellow Iris

Juncaceae Juncus acutus ssp. acutus Sharp Rush Juncus hybridus Hybrid Toad-rush

Poaceae Aegilops geniculata Ovate Goatgrass Aegilops ventricosa Barbed Goatgrass Ammophila arenaria ssp. arundinacea Marram Ampelodesmos mauritanica Mauritania-grass Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet Vernal-grass Arundo donax Giant Reed Avena barbata Slender Oat Avena sativa Oat Avena sterilis ssp. sterilis Animated Oat

Menorca in Autumn Tour Report

Scientific Name Common Name

Brachypodium phoenicoides Thin-leaved False-brome Brachypodium sylvaticum Wood False-brome Briza maxima Greater Quaking-grass Briza minor Lesser Quaking-grass Bromus diandrus Great Brome Bromus hordeaceus Soft-brome Bromus madritensis Compact Brome Bromus willdenowii Rescue Brome Cynodon dactylon Bermuda-grass Cynosurus echinatus Rough Dog's-tail Dactylis glomerata Cock's-foot Dasypyrum villosum Mosquito-grass Desmazeria marina Sea Fern-grass Desmazeria rigida Fern-grass Festuca arundinacea Tall Fescue Gastridium ventricosum Nit-grass Holcus lanatus Yorkshire-fog Hordeum marinum Sea Barley Hordeum murinum Wall Barley Hyparrhenia hirta Thatching-grass Lagurus ovatus Hare's-tail Lolium perenne Perennial Rye-grass Lolium rigidum Mediterranean Rye-grass Melica minuta Small Melick Oryzopsis miliacea Smilo-grass Parapholis incurva Curved Hard-grass Phalaria aquatica Bulbous Canary-grass Phragmites australis Common Reed Poa annua Annual Meadow-grass Poa trivialis Rough Meadow-grass Rostraria cristata Mediterranean Hair-grass Stipa bromoides Vulpia bromoides Squirreltail Fescue Vulpia fasciculata Dune Fescue

Palmae Chamaerops humilis Dwarf Fan-palm

Araceae Arisarum vulgare Friar's-cowl Arum italicum ssp. italicum Italian Lords-and-ladies Arum pictum Autumn Lords-and-ladies Dracunculus muscivorus Dead-horse Arum

Lemnaceae Lemna minor Common Duckweed

Sparganiaceae Sparganium erectum Branched Bur-reed

Typhaceae Typha domingensis Southern Reedmace

Menorca in Autumn Tour Report

Scientific Name Common Name

Cyperaceae Bolboschoenus maritimus ssp. maritimus Sea Clubrush Carex depressa ssp. depressa ? Carex distans Distant Sedge Carex divisa Divided Sedge Carex divulsa ssp. divulsa Grey Sedge Carex extensa Long-bracted Sedge Carex flacca Glaucous Sedge Carex otrubae False Fox-sedge Cyperus longus Galingale Isolepis cernua Slender Clubrush Scirpoides holoschoenus Round-headed Clubrush

Musaceae Musa sp. Banana

Orchidaceae Barlia robertiana Giant Orchid Ophrys apifera Bee Orchid Ophrys balearica Balearic Orchid Ophrys speculum Mirror Orchid Orchis fragrans Fragrant Bug-orchid Serapias cordigera Heart-flowered Orchid Serapias lingua Tongue Orchid Serapias parviflora Small-flowered Serapias

Birds (=recorded but not counted; H = heard only; c. = about) October Common name Scientific name 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1 Gadwall Mareca strepera 20+ 40+  2 Eurasian Wigeon Mareca penelope c6  3 Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 2      4 Northern Shoveler Spatula clypeata 4 20+  5 Northern Pintail Anas acuta 2  6 Eurasian Teal Anas crecca 6 4  7 Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina 1 4  8 Common Pochard Aythya ferina  100+  9 Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca 1  10 Red-legged Partridge Alectoris rufa H 3 6 11 Scopoli's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea 2 1 12 Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis 30+ 60+  13 Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus 15+ 3 15+ 14 Black-necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis 1 3 15 Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus roseus 8 16 Western Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis 30+ 30+  20+ 6 20+  17 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea 2 c10 4 6 1 18 Great Egret Ardea alba 2 3 19 Little Egret Egretta garzetta   4 c15  20 Northern Gannet Morus bassanus 1    21 European Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis 1    22 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 1   3  1 23 Western Osprey Pandion haliaetus 1 1 3

Menorca in Autumn Tour Report

October Common name Scientific name 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 24 Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus 2 1 12+ 25 Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus  c10 4 c10 c8 c10 c10 2 26 Western Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus 2 1 3 27 Red Kite Milvus milvus 2 3 3 6+ 6+ 5 5 1 28 Black Kite Milvus migrans 1 1 1 29 Water Rail Rallus aquaticus 1 30 Western Swamphen Porphyrio porphyrio 7+ 1 31 Common Moorhen Gallinula chloropus  1 c10   32 Eurasian Coot Fulica atra   2000+ 33 Eurasian Stone-Curlew Burhinus oedicnemus 7 34 Northern Lapwing Vanellus vanellus 1 1 3 35 European Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria 6 36 Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius 2 1 37 Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus 1 38 Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago 3 1 39 Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola 1 40 Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus 2 41 Common Redshank Tringa totanus 4 1 42 Common Greenshank Tringa nebularia 4 43 Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus 1 3 44 Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos 1 1 2 4 45 Black-headed Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus 8+ 46 Audouin's Gull Ichthyaetus audouinii 1 4 3 1 47 Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis         48 Sandwich Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis 7 5 49 Rock Dove Columba livia         50 Common Wood Pigeon Columba palumbus         51 Eurasian Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto         52 Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis 1 1      53 Eurasian Hoopoe Upupa epops 2 4 4 4 3 2 54 Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus 3 3 6 8 6 9 8 55 Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus 2 2 2 5 2 56 Northern Raven Corvus corax 2 4 20+ 1 c8  57 Great Tit Parus major 1 1 2 1 1 58 Eurasian Skylark Alauda arvensis 2 59 Thekla Lark Galerida theklae 2 c6 2 4  60 Barn Swallow Hirundo rustica 1 1 1  1  61 Cetti's Warbler Cettia cetti H 4 H H H H H 62 Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus 1H 1H 63 Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita 2 15+ c6 c6 1 c5 2 64 Zitting Cisticola Cisticola juncidis 3 1 65 Eurasian Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla 2 3 1 2 2 66 Sardinian Warbler Sylvia melanocephala         67 Goldcrest Regulus regulus 1        68 Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris         69 Common Blackbird Turdus merula 2 1 3 3 2 2 1 1 70 Song Thrush Turdus philomelos 2 10+ 3 5 c8 1 3 3 71 European Robin Erithacus rubecula         72 Bluethroat Luscinia svecica 1 73 European Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca 1 74 Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros 1 10+ 20+ 4 c15 c20 2

Menorca in Autumn Tour Report

October Common name Scientific name 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 75 Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus 1 2 1 1 76 Blue Rock Thrush Monticola solitarius c4 c4 77 Whinchat Saxicola rubetra 1 78 European Stonechat Saxicola rubicola 2 c8 15+      79 Northern Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe 1 1 c6 80 House Sparrow Passer domesticus         81 Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea 2 82 White Wagtail Motacilla alba 5 2 3 1 83 Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris 2 1 84 Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis c8 c8 2 c10 85 Common Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs 3 1 1 4 1 86 Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes 1 1 87 Eurasian Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula 1 88 European Greenfinch Chloris chloris 1 1 1 10+ c6 1 89 Common Linnet Linaria cannabina         90 European Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis         91 Eurasian Siskin Spinus spinus 3 1 c5 10+ 92 Corn Bunting Emberiza calandra 1 4 30+ 4

Reptiles & Amphibians 1 Italian Wall Lizard Podarcis sicula       2 Lilford's Wall Lizard Podarcis lilfordi      3 Moroccan Rock Lizard Teira perspicillata 1     4 Moorish Gecko Tarentola mauritanica 2 1 1 2 1  5 Hermann's Tortoise Testudo hermanni 2 3 1 1 2 6 Terrapin sp  7 Viperine Snake Natrix maura 1  8 Balearic Green Toad Bufo balearicus 1    Mammals 1 European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus 2 2

Butterflies 1 Swallowtail Papilio machaon 1 2 Large White Pieris brassicae 1    3 Small White Pieris rapae       4 Bath White Pontia daplidice 1    5 Clouded Yellow Colias crocea 1     6 Brimstone Gonepteryx rhamni     7 Cleopatra Gonepteryx cleopatra 2    8 Small Copper Lycaena phlaeas 1 1 1  1  9 Common Blue Polyommatus icarus 1 2 1  10 Lang's Short-tailed Blue Leptotes pirithous 2 11 Red Admiral Vanessa atalanta       12 Painted Lady Cynthia cardui 1  1  13 Small Heath Coenonympha pamphilus   14 Speckled Wood Pararge aegeria        15 Wall Brown Lasiommata megera  16 Geranium Bronze Cacyreus marshallii 1

Menorca in Autumn Tour Report

October Common name Scientific name 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Dragonflies & Damsels 1 Copper Demoiselle Calopteryx haemorrhoidalis   2 Western Willow Spreadwing Chalcolestes viridis  3 Winter Damselfly Sympecma fusca  4 Migrant Hawker Aeshna mixta    5 Blue-eyed Hawker Aeshna affinis  6 Keeled Skimmer Orthetrum coerulescens   7 Scarlet Darter Crocothemis erythraea   8 Common Darter Sympetrum striolatum   9 Red-veined Darter Sympetrum fonscolombii     Other invertebrates 1 Humming-bird Hawk-moth Macroglossum stellatarum     2 Crimson Speckled Moth Utetheisia pulchella    3 Red-winged Grasshopper Oedipoda germanica     4 Blue-winged Grasshopper Oedipoda caerulescens  5 Egyptian Grasshopper Anacridium aegyptium      6 Praying Mantis Mantis religiosa  7 Stick Insect sp Phasmatodea sp  8 Violet Carpenter Bee Xylocopa violacea   9 European Rhinoceros Beetle Oryctes nasicornis      10 Wasp Spider Argiope bruennichi 

Lunch at Algendar Gorge