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Minia University Faculty of Tourism and Hotels Minia Journal Of Minia University Faculty of Tourism and Hotels Minia Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research Volume 1 Issue 2 December 2016 © Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Minia University Editorial Board Prof. Hassan Saad Sanad Editor-in-Chief Prof. Sabreen G. Abd El-Jalil Associate Editor-in-Chief Dr. Abuelkassem A.A. Mohammad Managing Editor Dr. Yossri E. H. Abdewahed Associate Managing Editor Dr. Mohammad Ahmed Ali Editor, Hotel Management Dr. Eltayeb Sayed Abbas Editor, Tourist Guidance Dr. Mohammad Ezzat Editor, Tourism Studies Mr. Ahmed Sonosy Technical Support Scientific Board Prof. Abdelbary A.A. Dawood Prof. Shreef S. Alsaban Prof. Wafaa A. Elias Reviewers (Alphabetically) Egyptian Reviewers Prof. Abd Elrahman Abd Elfattah Suez Canal University Prof. Abeer Ahmed Mohammad Alexandria University Prof. Aisha Altohamy Fayoum University Prof. Ali Omar Abdallah Helwan University Prof. Ayman Moneer Qassem Minia University Prof. Dalia Mohammad Soliman Helwan University Prof. Eman Helmy Helwan University Prof. Ezzat Hamed Qadoos Alexandria University Prof. Hala Ahmed Gomaa Helwan University Prof. Hanaa Fayed Fayoum University Prof. Hanan Kattara Alexandria University Prof. Hazem Tawfeek Suez Canal University Prof. Mahmoud M. Hewedi Fayoum University Prof. Mohammad Abdelwhab Fayoum University Prof. Mohammad Hany Bahy Aldeen Helwan University Prof. Sabreen G. Abd El-jalil Minia University Prof. Saleh Arous Sadat City University Prof. Samah Abdelrahman Minia University Foreign Reviewers Prof. Canan Tanrisever Kastmouna University, Turkey Prof. Eleri Jones Cardiff Metropolitan University, UK Prof. Ercan Turk University of South Carolina, USA Prof. Erdogan Ekiz King Abdulaziz University, KSA Prof. Fnag Meng University of South Carolina, USA Dr. Glenn Godenho Liverpool University, UK Dr. Kenneth Griffin Swansea University, UK Prof. Martin Bommas Birmingham University, UK Prof. Sheela Agrawal Plymouth University, UK Prof. Susanne Deicher University of Applied Sciences, Germany Prof. Wai Mun Plymouth University, UK Minia Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research (MJTHR) Aim and scope Minia Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research (MJTHR) encourages the scholarly community to submit articles and reviews in all areas related to Tourism and Hospitality. All accepted articles will be peer reviewed prior acceptance. The reviewing process takes 6 to 8 weeks. The journal is published twice a year (June and December) by the Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Minia University. Submission of Articles All manuscripts should be submitted to the MJTHR editorial board by email at: [email protected]. Manuscripts should be sent as attachments. Authors should send their manuscripts in MS Word format. All tables, figures and photographs should be sent as separate files. Authors should identify themselves and their institutional affiliation, if any. Guidelines for Authors Authors are highly advised to prepare manuscripts according to the following criteria: 1- Font Size: Paper title and author name: 14 bold Headings: 12 bold Text: 12 2- Font Type: Times New Roman 3- Line Space: Single spaced 4- Paragraph space: Before: 3 pt. After: 0 pt. 5- Paper size: B5 (ISO) 17.6 cm*25 cm 6- Margins: Top = 2.5 cm Bottom = 2 cm Left = 3 cm Right = 2 cm 7- Paragraph indentation: Before text: 0 pt. After text: 0 pt. 8- Citation styles: the journal accepts the following styles Harvard citation style Chicago citation style (Footnote) Manuscript size Title: maximum of 25 words Abstract: 300 words Keywords: 8 keywords Text: Maximum of 8000 words (or 25 pages of the B5 size) Minia Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research Vol. 1, Issue 2, December, 2016 Contents Costumes during Saite Period: New Perspective (ca. 657 - 525 B.C) Tamer Magdy Fahim …………………………………………………. 1 Job Burnout Effects on Employees' Attitudes in Egyptian Travel Agencies Ghada Mohamed Khairat …….………………………………………. 29 Evaluation of the Tourist Acceptance of Quick Response (QR) Code: Using Technology Acceptance Model Toka Mahrous Fahmy, Mahmoud Ramadan Al-Azab ……………… 49 Sports as a Component of the Egyptian Intangible Cultural Heritage Product Abeer Amin, Nashwa El-Sherief …………………………………….... 75 Sustainable Tourism Planning by using the VICE Model (Applied on Minia Governorate) Asmaa Abdul-Rauf Abdul-Mugod ……….……………………..…….. 98 Contributions of the Royal Foster Mother in the Eighteenth Dynasty Maha Yehia ………………………………………………….……….… 114 The king and his office at the beginning of the Second Intermediate Period Maha Yehia …………………………………………………..………… 157 The Maru: The Divine "Viewing Place" in the New Kingdom and Greco - Roman Sources Ahmed A. Temerik ………………………….…………………………. 193 The Soucheia of the Arsinoite Nome in Graeco-Roman Egypt Youssri E. H. Abdelwahed …………………………………………….. 214 Developing Yacht Tourism in Egypt as Untraditional Tourism Pattern Opportunities and Challenges Ghada Mohamed Wafik, Mohamed Soliman Abdelhameed……………….. 235 The Impact of Harassment on the Mental Image in the Egyptian Tourist Destination (A case Study of Pyramids and Sphinx at Giza) Mohamed Ziedan Mohamed ……………………………….………….. 253 Celebrating the Coptic Family Special Events from the Fatimid Era until the End of the Mamluk Era Samah Abdul-Rahman Mahmoud, Ahmed Zaki Hassan …………… 278 Minia Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research Vol. 1, Issue 2, December, 2016 Costumes during Saite Period: New Perspective (ca. 657 - 525 B.C) Tamer Issa Fahim Tourist Guidance Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Fayoum University, Abstract It is worth noting that Egypt have passed over a long time of interaction with different cultures such as; Libyans and Kushites, so it is easy to find out foreign influences through the Egyptian artistic production. Although it is known that the art during Saite Period revive some of the artistic themes of the Old, Middle and New Kingdoms, and the artists' tendency to archaism, but we have to keep in mind that the costumes (type of art) are characterized by innovation and novelty. Author investigates some royal and individual's costumes to introduce evidences which assure the combination between archaism and innovation in one unique style. The author examines the costumes, such as; crowns, headdresses, garments and cloaks of kings and individuals during Twenty-six Dynasty. The paper could be answered an important question: Did the Saites (kings, individuals) reuse and revival all tradition costumes only without adding any innovative elements to their costumes?. Paper can be concluded that, the costumes of Saite Period combine the archaism and innovation in one unique style. Key words: Archaism - Costumes- Clothing-Innovation- Saite. Introduction Psmatik I, who founded the Twenty-Six Dynasty, dedicated his early eight years of his reign to reinforce his power in Delta regions. (Mysliwiec, K., 2001:173-174; Spalinger, A.J., 'Psamtik', 2001:73-74). He also succeeded recreating a united powerful country after a period of suffering during the reign of Assyrians invasion (Kuhrt, A., 1995:624; Taylor, J., 2000:330-368). It is known that the art during Saite Period was characterized with archaism and renaissance the memory of their ancestors like, Libyans and Kushite, (Pischikova, E., 2008:81-89; Nagy, I., 1973:53-64). Morkot pointed out that the origin of archaism can be traced back to the Libyans of the Third Intermediate Period; it then continued in Kushite and Saite periods in art is such that it is sometimes difficult to tell whether an artifact came from this period of time, or from the Old or Middle Kingdoms (Morkot, R., 2007:141-164; Josephson, J. A., 1997:109-113; Brunner, H., 1970:151-161; Brunner, H., 1984:386- - 1 - Minia Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research Vol. 1, Issue 2, December, 2016 395; Kahl, J., 2010:1-11). It is interesting to note that a new style of art appeared, as early as the reign of Psmatik I which, developed gradually into the Saite style by the time of Psmatik II;1 it can be observed that the artists of Twenty-Six Dynasty mingled the Theban art of the Middle and New Kingdoms, which became a major stylistic and iconographic influence (Mysliwiec, K., 2001:173-174; Chimko, Corey J., 2003:15-57; der Manuelian, P., 1938:221-45). It is obvious from the statues and reliefs of Psmatik I and his successors, that the kings of Saite Period reproduced the art of the past especially the Old and Middle Kingdoms. For example the head of Apris and Amasis bear archaizing features of the Old Kingdom's kings, Josephson points out that facial features gathering the archaizing features of Old Kingdom's kings and novelty features of Kushite kings ((Mysliwiec, K., 2001:173- 174; Chimko, Corey J., 2003:15-57; der Manuelian, P., 1938:221-45). The heads of Apris and Amasis reveal many remarkable tradition features dated back to Old and Middle Kingdom (der Manuelian, P., 1938:221- 45), concerning his head in Louvre Museum see; Vandier, J.,1963:117, pl. XIII; Mysliwiec, K., 1988, P. 48, 58-60) (Der Meulenaere, H., 1968:183- 7; Der Manuelian, P., 1938:221-45) with innovative Kushite features, which are characterized with remarkable rounded tab and Reeded crown; they are two important features from Kushites and Saites Period, they were characterized for both kings and Individuals as archaism from New Kingdom. These two stylistic features ear tabs and Reeded crowns are not only ones that are characteristic of the Late Libyan Period (Russmann, E. R., 1996:177-195; Török, L., 1990:151-201). The head of Apris and Amasis gave for us a more precise attribution to the time of Sensueret I (pl. 1, 2). It is not surprising, as the style of the Middle Kingdom was among the major influences on Saite art. The technique and style of sculpting are excellent examples of the Archaizing style of the Twenty- Six Dynasty and some innovation elements were inherited from foreign influences of Libyans and Kushites2 (Pischikova, E., 1998:57-101). 1 Psmatik I apparently preferred remaining close to his seat of power in Sais and Memphis, like his successors Nekau II (610-595 BC) and Psmatik II (595-589 BC) Apris (589-570 BC) Amasis (570-526 BC) Psmatik III (526-525 BC); Chimko, Corey J., 'Foreign Pharaohs self- legitimization and Indigenous Reaction in Art and Literature', JSSEA 30, 2003, p.
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