Mollusk Habitats and Fisheries in Kiribati: an Assessment from the Gilbert Islands1

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Mollusk Habitats and Fisheries in Kiribati: an Assessment from the Gilbert Islands1 Mollusk Habitats and Fisheries in Kiribati: An Assessment from the Gilbert Islands1 Frank R. ThomaslThomas2 Abstract: Biological and ecological attributes of24 species ofedible bivalves and gastropods from thethe Gilbert Islands Group, Kiribati, Micronesia, were assessed for their resilience by examining size at maturity, intertidal burying, adjacent subtidal populations, benthic mobility, and larval type. Foraging for mollusks is largelylargely confined to the intertidal and shallow subtidal regions, although modern diving gear and outboard motors now provide human foragers access to offshore resources. Changes brought about by human demographic pressures have re­ sulted in overexploitation of a number of molluscan resources. It isis suggested thatthat the sustainable use of invertebrates and other marine species for food and nonfood purposes in Kiribati rests on a remodeled form of marine tenure. ATOLLS PRESENT A variety of marine envi­ from resilient resources, and their effect on ronments and molluscan resources that have subsistence. provided subsistence living to generations of Can traditional ecological knowledge be Pacific islandersislanders (Tebano(Tebano et al. 1993, Taniera wedded with modern technology to revive thethe 1994). Kiribati (Figure 1) is but one of more fisheries? Because the thrust of this paper isis thanthan 20 nations in the Pacific, each of which limited to prey biology and ecology in thethe possessed a rich inshore fisheries tradition context ofmollusk fisheries, details of analytic and lore.lore. InIn recent years, however, traditional methodology related to foraging efficiency ecological knowledge (TEK) has suffered the are not discussed here, but can be found inin inevitableinevitable decline that characterizes similar Thomas (1999). bodies of knowledge throughout most of Data on molluscan resources of the Gil­ Oceania. High human population density, bert Islands date back toto thethe 1950s when urban drift, more efficient extractive tech­ Banner and Randall (1952) described thethe in­in­ nologies, and expanding market opportu­ vertebrates of Onotoa Atoll, but identifica­identifica­ nities all have inevitably affected the ocean tions were poor and there were few detailed resourcesresources of these islands. In this study, I descriptions of exploitive strategies. A major examined the prey biology and ecology of interdisciplinary environmental survey on mollusk fisheriesfisheries in Kiribati, Gilbert Islands, the main atoll ofTarawa, Republic ofKiribati lookinglooking at factors distinguishing vulnerable (Abbott and Garcia 1995), expanded species identification and habitat description, and provided an assessment of the impact of 1 Financial support from the University of Hawai'i's human activities (Figure 2). The Tarawa La­ Arts and Sciences Advisory Council; funds provided by goon Project of 1992-1994 (Paulay 1995) is a Alison Kay throughthrough a University of Hawai'i Foundation major study of the lagoon, and data from thatthat Grant and Research Assistantship; Sigma Xi (The Scien­ tifictific Research Society) Grant-in-Aid of Research nos. project are included in this study. 2710 and 8326; thethe Hawaiian Malacological Society; two grants fromfrom Conchologists of America, Inc.; and travel fundsfunds provided by Temakei Tebano at the University of MATERIALS AND METHODS thethe South Pacific. Manuscript accepted 1 February 2000. 22 Ogden Environmental and Energy Services, 680 Several communities engaged in subsistence lwileiIwilei Road, Suite 660, Honolulu, Hawai'i 96817. and commercial exploitation ofmollusks were investigated intermittently between 1993 and 1998. Research focused on four atolls in the Pacific Science (2001), vol. 55, no. 1:77-97 1998. Research focused on four atolls in the © 20012001 by University of Hawai'i Press central Gilberts: Abaiang, Tarawa (both ur­ All rightsrights reservedreserved banized and rural sectors), Maiana, and Abe- 77 78 PACIFIC SCIENCE· January 2001 ...~;;;/Makin~",;Makin 180° .\Po.... U.S.·Admlnl.t.~dU.S.·Admlnlst.~dIslsnds'.'.nd. .s;~ ButaritariButarilari ·:=1;Sularilari';:;;Sutarilari In the Central Pacific < TatluaeranTat>uaeran 0, 100 200300 ..... KiritimaliKlrIllmal' Maiana!tarawa\!tarawa HowlandHOwland \ !I I !I ~ IslandISland'-=- STATUTE MilES ~Abemama '= '!.'!IAbemama Il'I.!.' Baker Island N JarvIsJarvIS Island.,ISland.~, <:.:~ 0° 1>,~ BanabaSanaba •.f.\Nonouti\Nonouti Tabileuea\;tlli~STabi(euea\:t~~S .",.,,-., ' Marakei 2°N PHOENIX ~"/o~?IO ISLANDS ~ I "'.J""~ Abaiang TamanaTamana.:l~ ~ Arorae O/'''O/....,/~.":l!;Enderbuty../~.':$Enderbury KIRIBATI ~ :f) 0., ~Il':~ t: ~Rawaki~ Rawaki '\....... Tarawa GILBERT ISLANDS ., 0., to Malden ::..':. NikumaroroNikumarOtO...... ~lf.~tl< ~Manra 160 W ~.SlartlUCk~.Slart>uCk ;)Maiana.:)Maiana 'Ii>'ti> Abemama ~ .",:--Il"~,:,\ GILBERT ISLANDS <:) ° Kuria~~KUria~'~~ 'I.... 0 50 100 o ° 'DO "\"\KanlanKanlan VOSlok"VO'lok" lJIU' .,.\' 10 00 Aranuka I! !I II CarolinelOrr 0 STATUTE MilES 3 S Flint·'Flinl" PHOENIX ISLANDS 'Enderbury 0 50 '00'DO .y,,, I I I NonOuli '~«i~;k'?'~\ • Birnie NonOuli STATUTE MILES McKean • RawskiRaWSki !~. .• Nikunau 4° r8biteuea":t:JTabiteuea":.~ Beru~~~Beru~\ , \:'Orona -ManraaManra Nikumaroro, ':'Orona Onolo/::> . 1~40W 172° 2°S 0 173 E 175°0 Tamana·Tamana' '75 Arorae'l\)Arorae~ FIFIGUREG URE 1. The Republic ofKiribati (modified from Motteler 1986:1986:16;16; reprinted with permission from Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu, Hawai'i). mama, and one atoll in the Southern Group, along the southern portion of Tarawa Atoll, Tabiteuea North (Thomas 1999). Data on with samples taken between December 1992 various aspects of mollusk gathering were and February 1994. This information greatly obtained by participant observation, inter­ expanded the sample size of foraging events, views, and from the Shellfish Gatherer Sur­ with 83 foraging trips covering 26 days and vey (SGS) of the Tarawa Lagoon Project approximately 191 hr of foraging time (257 (TLP), in cooperation with BioSystems, Inc., forager-hours). Mean group size was 1.3 for­ of Santa Cruz, California. agers (SD = 0.7, n = 112). I accompanied foragers, both individuals Prey type identifications and basic habitat and groups, on 73 foraging trips covering 69 information are based on Cernohorsky (1971, days, for a total of 139.63139,63 hr of direct obser­ 1972), Eisenberg (1981), Abbott and Dance vation (286.92 forager-hours). Mean group (1982), Paulay (1995), and personal observa­ size was 2.6 foragers (SD = 0.9, n = 146).146), tions. For each prey type, five factors were Fifty-nine different individuals took part in examined to assist in distinguishing vulnera­ these activities. When it was not possible to ble from resilient resources: (1) size at matu­ record foraging activities directly, the rele­ rity; (2) intertidal burying; (3) adjacent sub­ vant information was elicited via interviews. A tidal populations; (4) benthic mobility; and total of 65 foraging trips was recorded over a (5) larval type (see Catterall and Poiner 1987). period of 51 days, for an estimated total of In a number of cases, the description of rele­ 88.5 hr offoraging effort (161 forager-hours). vant properties was limited, reflecting gaps in Mean group size was 3.1 foragers (SD = 0.7, the data. n = 148).148), A total of 19 different individuals was interviewed. Atoll Zonation and Molluscan Patch Types Information was also derived from data sheets made available by personnel of the From windward to leeward (Figure 3), the TLP. These data originated from landings basic zones and molluscan patch types char- Mollusk Habitats and Fisheries in Kiribati . Thomas 79 FIGURE 2. Tarawa Atoll (modified from Paulay 1997: fig. 1; reprinted with permission from Gustav Paulay). acteristic of the open atolls of the Gilbert Is­ THE SEAWARD REEF: The seaward reef lands are the: (1) reef slope; (2) submarine slope descends steeply from the upper limit terrace; (3) reef front; (4) reef margin; (5) of vigorous hermatypic corals at a depth of moat; (6) reef crest; (7) reefflat; (8) shoreline; about 18 m to the deepest seaward portion of (9) lagoon reef flat including mangrove, sand the reef between 4000 and 6000 m. In the flats, and sea grass beds; (10) lagoon slope and Gilberts, little is known of the biota below floor; and (11) leeward reef. 40 m, but mollusks commonly found in the 80 PACIFIC SCIENCE· January 2001 r- -. -:-:.'.. ' ' ..., " . " " ..... 0"' " , ... ", '.':.,',','", . ', .. ' . .. " ::-... " '.. " ,', .. ..~" :.:.:GR.o.V(l. c..c..~ ....la.polUllolU '0010,"'4' ..10, 4 .t...lI>uc.lc.l.. Aft" REffREfF fl([rfl(fr n." CRESftRESf RU,.RUF S-OP5LOP fAO/oITfR~T FIGURE 3. Schematic diagram of atoll features of the Gilbert Islands (modified from Richmond 1993:17, fig.fig, 5; re­ printed with permission from the South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission [SOPAC]).[SOPAC), upper reaches of this zone include Pinctada demarcates the seaward limit ofthe reefflat; it and Trochus (Wells 1957), which also occur supports the gastropod Turbo setosus. The reef on the submarine terraces between depths of flat itself is commonly exposed or barely 15 and 18 m. The dominant mollusks on the awash at lowest tide. It consists of a truncated reef front, the shoreward face of the seaward floor zoned by the tides, which effect varying reef slope where coral growth is sparse and degrees of exposure and temperature between heavy surf dominates, are gastropods such as seaward edge and inshore margin. The sur­ Patella and Trochus (Demond 1957). The face of the reef flat supports Cypraea, Thais, seaward reef
Recommended publications
  • Maiana Social and Economic Report 2008
    M AIANA ISLAND 2008 SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE PRODUCED BY THE MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AND SOCIAL AFFAIRS, WITH FINANCIAL SUPPORT FROM THE UNITED NATION DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM, AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FROM THE SECRETARIAT OF THE PACIFIC COMMUNITY. Strengthening Decentralized Governance in Kiribati Project P.O. Box 75, Bairiki, Tarawa, Republic of Kiribati Telephone (686) 22741 or 22040, Fax: (686) 21133 MAIANA ANTHEM MAIANA I TANGIRIKO MAIANA I LOVE YOU Maiana I tangiriko - 2 - FOREWORD by the Honourable Amberoti Nikora, Minister of Internal and Social Affairs, July, 2007 I am honored to have this opportunity to introduce this revised and updated socio-economic profile for Maiana island. The completion of this profile is the culmination of months of hard-work and collaborative effort of many people, Government agencies and development partners particularly those who have provided direct financial and technical assistance towards this important exercise. The socio-economic profiles contain specific data and information about individual islands that are not only interesting to read, but more importantly, useful for education, planning and decision making. The profile is meant to be used as a reference material for leaders both at the island and national level, to enable them to make informed decisions that are founded on accurate and easily accessible statistics. With our limited natural and financial resources it is very important that our leaders are in a position to make wise decisions regarding the use of these limited resources, so that they are targeted at the most urgent needs and produce maximum impact. In addition, this profile will act as reference material that could be used for educational purposes, at the secondary and tertiary levels.
    [Show full text]
  • Kiribati Fourth National Report to the Convention on Biological Diversity
    KIRIBATI FOURTH NATIONAL REPORT TO THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY Aranuka Island (Gilbert Group) Picture by: Raitiata Cati Prepared by: Environment and Conservation Division - MELAD 20 th September 2010 1 Contents Acknowledgement ........................................................................................................................................... 4 Acronyms ......................................................................................................................................................... 5 Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................................... 6 Chapter 1: OVERVIEW OF BIODIVERSITY, STATUS, TRENDS AND THREATS .................................................... 8 1.1 Geography and geological setting of Kiribati ......................................................................................... 8 1.2 Climate ................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.3 Status of Biodiversity ........................................................................................................................... 10 1.3.1 Soil ................................................................................................................................................. 12 1.3.2 Water Resources ..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Participatory Diagnosis of Coastal Fisheries for North Tarawa And
    Photo credit: Front cover, Aurélie Delisle/ANCORS Aurélie cover, Front credit: Photo Participatory diagnosis of coastal fisheries for North Tarawa and Butaritari island communities in the Republic of Kiribati Participatory diagnosis of coastal fisheries for North Tarawa and Butaritari island communities in the Republic of Kiribati Authors Aurélie Delisle, Ben Namakin, Tarateiti Uriam, Brooke Campbell and Quentin Hanich Citation This publication should be cited as: Delisle A, Namakin B, Uriam T, Campbell B and Hanich Q. 2016. Participatory diagnosis of coastal fisheries for North Tarawa and Butaritari island communities in the Republic of Kiribati. Penang, Malaysia: WorldFish. Program Report: 2016-24. Acknowledgments We would like to thank the financial contribution of the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research through project FIS/2012/074. We would also like to thank the staff from the Secretariat of the Pacific Community and WorldFish for their support. A special thank you goes out to staff of the Kiribati’s Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources Development, Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Environment, Land and Agricultural Development and to members of the five pilot Community-Based Fisheries Management (CBFM) communities in Kiribati. 2 Contents Executive summary 4 Introduction 5 Methods 9 Diagnosis 12 Summary and entry points for CBFM 36 Notes 38 References 39 Appendices 42 3 Executive summary In support of the Kiribati National Fisheries Policy 2013–2025, the ACIAR project FIS/2012/074 Improving Community-Based
    [Show full text]
  • Review of Selected Species Subject to Long- Standing Import Suspensions
    UNEP-WCMC technical report Review of selected species subject to long- standing import suspensions Part II: Asia and Oceania (Version edited for public release) Review of selected species subject to long-standing import suspensions. Part II: Asia and Oceania Prepared for The European Commission, Directorate General Environment, Directorate E - Global & Regional Challenges, LIFE ENV.E.2. – Global Sustainability, Trade & Multilateral Agreements, Brussels, Belgium Prepared February 2016 Copyright European Commission 2016 Citation UNEP-WCMC. 2016. Review of selected species subject to long-standing import suspensions. Part II: Asia and Oceania. UNEP-WCMC, Cambridge. The UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) is the specialist biodiversity assessment of the United Nations Environment Programme, the world’s foremost intergovernmental environmental organization. The Centre has been in operation for over 30 years, combining scientific research with policy advice and the development of decision tools. We are able to provide objective, scientifically rigorous products and services to help decision- makers recognize the value of biodiversity and apply this knowledge to all that they do. To do this, we collate and verify data on biodiversity and ecosystem services that we analyze and interpret in comprehensive assessments, making the results available in appropriate forms for national and international level decision-makers and businesses. To ensure that our work is both sustainable and equitable we seek to build the capacity of partners
    [Show full text]
  • Systematics and Paleoenvironment of Quaternary Corals and Ostracods in Dallol Carbonates, North Afar
    ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF EARTH SCIENCES SYSTEMATICS AND PALEOENVIRONMENT OF QUATERNARY CORALS AND OSTRACODS IN DALLOL CARBONATES, NORTH AFAR ADDIS HAILU ENDESHAW NOV., 2017 ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA i Systematics and Paleoenvironments of Quaternary Corals and Ostracods in Dallol Carbonates; North Afar Addis Hailu Endeshaw Advisor – Dr. Balemwal Atnafu A Thesis Submitted to School of Earth Sciences Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Masters of Science in Earth Sciences (Paleontology and Paleoenvironment) Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Nov., 2017 ii iii ABSTRACT Systematics and Paleoenvironment of Quaternary Corals and Ostracods in Dallol Carbonates, North Afar Addis Hailu Endeshaw Addis Ababa University, 2017 There are reef structures developed in Dallol during the Quaternary Period as a result of flooding of the area by the Red Sea at least two times. Dallol area is situated in the northern most part of the Eastern African Rift system. The studied coral outcrops are aligned along the northwestern margin of the Afar rift. This research focused on the investigation of systematics of corals and associated fossils of mollusca, echinoidea, ostracoda and foraminifera together with the reconstruction of past environmental conditions. Different scientific methods were followed in order to achieve the objectives of the study. These are detailed insitu morphological descriptions; field observations and measurements; laboratory preparations and microscopic examinations; comparison of the described specimens with type specimens; and paleoecological calculations using PAST-3 software. Total of 164 fossil and 9 sediment samples are collected from the field and examined. The Dallol corals are classified into 12 Families, 29 Genera and 60 Species.
    [Show full text]
  • Tridacna Maxima (Reding), and Hippopus Hippopus (Linnaeus)!
    Pacific Science (1976), Vol. 30, No.3, p. 219-233 Printed in Great Britain Early Life History of the Giant Clams Tridacna crocea Lamarck, Tridacna maxima (Reding), and Hippopus hippopus (Linnaeus)! STEPHEN C. JAMESON2 ABST RACT: Giant clams may be stimulated to spawn by the addition of macer­ ated gonads to the water.Individuals of Tridacna maxima collected at Anae Island, Guam, spawned from N ovember to March. On Palau, Hippopus hippopus spawned in June and Tridacna crocea, in July. Tridacna crocea, T. maxima, and H. hippopus displayed a stereotype d develop ment pattern in morphogenesis and rate of development . Fertilized eggs of T. crocea, T . maxima, and H. hippopus had mean diameters of 93.1, 104.5, and 130.0 psx», respectively . The day-2 straight-hinge veligers of T . crocea, T . maxima, and H. hippopus had mean shell lengths of 155.0, 168.0, and 174.4 pm, respec tively. Settlement occurred 12, 11, and 9 days after fertili zation at a mean shell length of 168.0, 195.0, and 202.0 pm for T . crocea,T . max ima, and H. bippopss, respectively. Metamorphosis was basically complete about 1 day after settlement. Juveniles of T . crocea, T. max ima, and H. hippopus first acqui re zooxanthellae after 19, 21, and 25 days, respectively. Growth rates increase sharply after the acquisition of zoo ­ xanthellae. Juvenile shells show first signs of becoming opaque after 47 days for T . maxima and after 50 days for H. hippopus. G rANT CLAMS are protandric fun ctional herma­ formation, and initial organogenesis. The larval phrodites (Wada 1942, 1952).
    [Show full text]
  • Foraminifera from Onotoa Atoll Gilbert Islands
    US. Foraminifera From \m Onotoa Atoll Gilbert Islands GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 354-H I ft Foraminifera From Onotoa Atoll Gilbert Islands By RUTH TODD SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 354-H Ecologic study of Recent assemblages from beaches , reefs, and shallow lagoon floor UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1961 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas B. Nolan, Director For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D.C. CONTENTS Page Page Abstract_________________________________________ 171 Examination of fish contents.________________________ 182 Introduction._ _____________________________________ 171 Foraminifera from pits._______ ______________----__ 184 Material studied____________________________________ 171 Local distribution of Calcarina and Baculogypsina _ _____ 186 Locality data_._________________________________ 173 Notes on selected species.- ________________________ 186 Fauna___________________________________________ 176 References cited-___________________________________ 188 Wet samples_______________________________________ 181 Index.____________________________________________ 189 ILLUSTRATIONS [Plates 22-25 follow index] PLATE 22. Recent benthonic Foraminifera from Onotoa Atoll. 23. Recent benthonic Foraminifera from Onotoa Atoll. 24. Recent planktonic Foraminifera from Onotoa AtolL 25. Foraminifera sands from Onotoa Atoll. FIGURE 40. Map of
    [Show full text]
  • Plants of Kiribati
    KIRIBATI State of the Environment Report 2000-2002 Government of the Republic of Kiribati 2004 PREPARED BY THE ENVIRONMENT AND CONSERVATION DIVISION Ministry of Environment Lands & Agricultural Development Nei Akoako MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMEN P.O. BOX 234 BIKENIBEU, TARAWA KIRIBATI PHONES (686) 28000/28593/28507 Ngkoa, FNgkaiAX: (686 ao) 283 n34/ Taaainako28425 EMAIL: [email protected] GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KIRIBATI Acknowledgements The report has been collectively developed by staff of the Environment and Conservation Division. Mrs Tererei Abete-Reema was the lead author with Mr Kautoa Tonganibeia contributing to Chapters 11 and 14. Mrs Nenenteiti Teariki-Ruatu contributed to chapters 7 to 9. Mr. Farran Redfern (Chapter 5) and Ms. Reenate Tanua Willie (Chapters 4 and 6) also contributed. Publication of the report has been made possible through the kind financial assistance of the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme. The front coverpage design was done by Mr. Kautoa Tonganibeia. Editing has been completed by Mr Matt McIntyre, Sustainable Development Adviser and Manager, Sustainable Economic Development Division of the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). __________________________________________________________________________________ i Kiribati State of the Environment Report, 2000-2002 Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................. I TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Ecological Significance of Giant Clams in Coral Reef Ecosystems
    Biological Conservation 181 (2015) 111–123 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Review The ecological significance of giant clams in coral reef ecosystems ⇑ Mei Lin Neo a,b, William Eckman a, Kareen Vicentuan a,b, Serena L.-M. Teo b, Peter A. Todd a, a Experimental Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore b Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore article info abstract Article history: Giant clams (Hippopus and Tridacna species) are thought to play various ecological roles in coral reef Received 14 May 2014 ecosystems, but most of these have not previously been quantified. Using data from the literature and Received in revised form 29 October 2014 our own studies we elucidate the ecological functions of giant clams. We show how their tissues are food Accepted 2 November 2014 for a wide array of predators and scavengers, while their discharges of live zooxanthellae, faeces, and Available online 5 December 2014 gametes are eaten by opportunistic feeders. The shells of giant clams provide substrate for colonization by epibionts, while commensal and ectoparasitic organisms live within their mantle cavities. Giant clams Keywords: increase the topographic heterogeneity of the reef, act as reservoirs of zooxanthellae (Symbiodinium spp.), Carbonate budgets and also potentially counteract eutrophication via water filtering. Finally, dense populations of giant Conservation Epibiota clams produce large quantities of calcium carbonate shell material that are eventually incorporated into Eutrophication the reef framework. Unfortunately, giant clams are under great pressure from overfishing and extirpa- Giant clams tions are likely to be detrimental to coral reefs.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomy of Indonesian Giant Clams (Cardiidae, Tridacninae)
    BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 13, Number 3, July 2012 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 118-123 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d130303 Taxonomy of Indonesian giant clams (Cardiidae, Tridacninae) UDHI EKO HERNAWAN♥ Biotic Conservation Area of Tual Sea, Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences. Jl. Merdeka, Katdek Tual, Southeast Maluku 97611. Tel. +92-916-23839, Fax. +62-916-23873, ♥email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 20 December 2010. Revision accepted: 20 June 2011. ABSTRACT Hernawan E. 2012. Taxonomy of Indonesian giant clams (Cardiidae, Tridacninae). Biodiversitas 13: 118-123. A taxonomic study was conducted on the giant clam’s specimens deposited in Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB), Cibinong Indonesia. Taxonomic overviews of the examined specimens are given with diagnostic characters, remarks, habitat and distribution. Discussion is focused on specific characters distinguishing each species. From seven species known to distribute in Indonesian waters, there are six species, Tridacna squamosa Lamarck, 1819; T. gigas Linnaeus, 1758; T. derasa Roding, 1798; T. crocea Lamarck, 1819; T. maxima Roding,1798; and Hippopus hippopus Linnaeus, 1758. This study suggests the need for collecting specimen of H. porcellanus Rosewater, 1982. Important characters to distinguish species among Tridacninae are interlocking teeth on byssal orifice, life habits, presence of scales and inhalant siphon tentacles. Key words: Tridacninae, taxonomy, Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense INTRODUCTION family (Tridacnidae) or revised to be subfamily Tridacninae, included in family Cardiidae. Recently, based Giant clams, the largest bivalve in the world, occur on sperm ultrastructure and molecular phylogenetic studies, naturally in association with coral reefs throughout the the clams are belonging to family Cardiidae, subfamily tropical and subtropical waters of the Indo-Pacific region.
    [Show full text]
  • SPONDYLUS (BIVALVIA: SPONDYLIDAE) Oleh Muhammad Masrur Islami"
    Oseana, Volume XXXVI, Nomor 3, Tahun 2011: 39-46 ISSN 0216-1877 SEKILAS TENTANG SPONDYLUS (BIVALVIA: SPONDYLIDAE) Oleh Muhammad Masrur Islami" ABSTRACT A GLANCE ABOUT SPONDYLUS (BIVALVIA: SPONDILYDAE). Spondylus also known as "spiny oyster", is a macroinvertebrate of the Family Spondylidae. It is characterized by a large muscular scar, posterior to tile center of shell, usually inequivalve and cemented to substrate by the right (lower) valve. As an epifaunal and sedentary animal, suspension filter-feeder, it lives mainly in relatively shallow waters in coralline areas to 50 m. The shell is composed with two minerals, calcite and aragonite layers. Thepossible functions of spines are as (I) supportsfor sensory mantle tissue, (ii) serve a camouflaged function, (iii) discourage epibionts, (iv) act as defense mechanisms,(v) aid in attachment to the substrate, and (vi) stabilize the shell. The predators of Spondylus are the gastropoda Fasciolaria tulipa. the spiny lobster Panulirus ~ ray Aetobatis narinari and Dasyatis americanus, the porcupine fish Diodon hystrix. and an unidentified stomatopod. The distribution area ofSpondylus particularly in the Indo-Pacific regionfrom India.Japan, Indonesia, Philippines, southern of Australia and America, Mexico, Brazil and Mediteranian. PENDABULUAN kelimpahannya di perairan laut maupun tawar, dari habitat yang dingin hingga ke daerah tropis, Bivalvia atau istilah umumnya disebut dari perairan yang dangkal bingga ke zona kerang, merupakan kelas terbesar kedua dalam abyssal yang dalam, bivalvia tergolong biota Filum Moluska setelah Gastropoda. Kelompok yang berhasil dalam adaptasinya,. bewan ini mempunyai sejarah panjang berkaitan Salah satu contobjenis bivalvia adalah dengan temuan fosilnya. Menurut LAMPREL Spondylus. Sejauh ini, informasi mengenai & WHITEHEAD (1992), spesies bivalvia tertua Spondylus atau dalam istilah lain dikenal dengan yang ditemukan tercatat berasal dari zaman kerang berduri (spiny oyster) masih sangat Cambrian, lebib dari 500 juta tahun yang lalu.
    [Show full text]
  • Giant Clams (Bivalvia : Cardiidae : Tridacninae)
    Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, 2017, 55, 87-388 © S. J. Hawkins, D. J. Hughes, I. P. Smith, A. C. Dale, L. B. Firth, and A. J. Evans, Editors Taylor & Francis GIANT CLAMS (BIVALVIA: CARDIIDAE: TRIDACNINAE): A COMPREHENSIVE UPDATE OF SPECIES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION, CURRENT THREATS AND CONSERVATION STATUS MEI LIN NEO1,11*, COLETTE C.C. WABNITZ2,3, RICHARD D. BRALEY4, GERALD A. HESLINGA5, CÉCILE FAUVELOT6, SIMON VAN WYNSBERGE7, SERGE ANDRÉFOUËT6, CHARLES WATERS8, AILEEN SHAU-HWAI TAN9, EDGARDO D. GOMEZ10, MARK J. COSTELLO8 & PETER A. TODD11* 1St. John’s Island National Marine Laboratory, c/o Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119227, Singapore 2The Pacific Community (SPC), BPD5, 98800 Noumea, New Caledonia 3Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada 4Aquasearch, 6–10 Elena Street, Nelly Bay, Magnetic Island, Queensland 4819, Australia 5Indo-Pacific Sea Farms, P.O. Box 1206, Kailua-Kona, HI 96745, Hawaii, USA 6UMR ENTROPIE Institut de Recherche pour le développement, Université de La Réunion, CNRS; Centre IRD de Noumea, BPA5, 98848 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia 7UMR ENTROPIE Institut de Recherche pour le développement, Université de La Réunion, CNRS; Centre IRD de Tahiti, BP529, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia 8Institute of Marine Science, University of Auckland, P. Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand 9School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia 10Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Velasquez Street, Quezon City 1101, Philippines 11Experimental Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117557, Singapore *Corresponding authors: Mei Lin Neo e-mail: [email protected] Peter A.
    [Show full text]