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Risk Assessment for Betio Port, Tarawa, Kiribati

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Risk Assessment for Betio Port, Tarawa, Kiribati Pacific Safety of Navigation Project Risk assessment for Betio Port, Tarawa, Kiribati April 2019 PACIFIC SAFETY OF NAVIGATION Pacific Community | [email protected] | www.spc.int PROJECT Headquarters: Noumea, New Caledonia GEM Geoscience, Energy and Maritime Pacific Safety of Navigation Project: Risk assessment for Betio Port, Tarawa, Kiribati April 2019 Francesca Pradelli, Salesh Kumar and Epeli Waqavonovono Geoscience, Energy and Maritime Division, Pacific Community Pacific Community Suva, Fiji, 2019 © Pacific Community (SPC) 2019 All rights for commercial/for profit reproduction or translation, in any form, reserved. SPC authorises the partial reproduction or translation of this material for scientific, educational or research purposes, provided that SPC and the source document are properly acknowledged. Permission to reproduce the document and/or translate in whole, in any form, whether for commercial/for profit or non-profit purposes, must be requested in writing. Original SPC artwork may not be altered or separately published without permission. Original text: English Pacific Community Cataloguing-in-publication data Pradelli, Francesca Pacific Safety of Navigation Project: risk assessment for Betio Port, Tarawa, Kiribati / Francesca Pradelli, Salesh Kumar and Epeli Waqavonovono 1. Navigation – Kiribati. 2. Navigation – Safety measures – Kiribati. 3. Anchorage – Kiribati. 4. Harbors – Anchorage – Kiribati. 5. Harbors – Safety regulations – Kiribati. 6. Harbors – Risk assessment – Kiribati. 7. Transportation – Safety – Kiribati. 8. Transportation – Law and legislation – Kiribati. I. Pradelli, Francesca II. Kumar, Salesh III. Waqavonovono, Epeli IV. Title V. Pacific Community 387.1099681 AACR2 ISBN: 978 982 00 1221 9 Photo credit: Sonal Aujla, SPC Prepared for publication at SPC’s Suva Regional Office, Private Mail Bag, Suva, Fiji, 2019 www.spc.int | [email protected] Printed by Printhouse Limited, Suva, Fiji, 2019 Contents Executive summary ....................................................................................................................1 1 Background .........................................................................................................................4 2 Description of the waterway ................................................................................................5 3 Stakeholder meeting ...........................................................................................................6 4 Hazards and risks .................................................................................................................6 4.1 Types of hazards ...............................................................................................................................................7 4.2 Risk factors ..........................................................................................................................................................7 5 Scenarios .............................................................................................................................9 5.1 Grounding ..........................................................................................................................................................9 5.2 Allision ..................................................................................................................................................................9 5.3 Foundering .........................................................................................................................................................9 5.4 Structural failure .............................................................................................................................................10 5.5 ‘Other scenario’ ...............................................................................................................................................10 6 Probability and impact ......................................................................................................10 7 The acceptability of risk ..................................................................................................... 11 8 Risk control options ...........................................................................................................12 9 Costing the risk control options ..........................................................................................13 10 AtoN programme 5-year budget plan (2020–2024) ..............................................................14 11 Recommendations .............................................................................................................14 Recommendation 1 (addressing grounding scenario) .............................................................................15 Recommendation 2 (addressing grounding scenario) ..............................................................................15 Recommendation 3 (addressing grounding scenario) .............................................................................16 Recommendation 4 (addressing grounding scenario) .............................................................................17 Recommendation 5 (addressing allision scenario)......................................................................................18 Recommendation 6 (addressing allision scenario)......................................................................................18 Recommendation 7 (AtoN) ..................................................................................................................................19 12 Conclusion .........................................................................................................................20 Annex A. Stakeholders in the Betio Port risk assessment ............................................................21 Annex B. Hazards identified for Betio Port .................................................................................22 Annex C. Possible scenarios identified for Betio Port ..................................................................23 Annex D. Risk assessment matrix for Betio Port .........................................................................24 Annex E. MICTTD AtoN programme 5-year budget plan (2020–2024) ..........................................25 Annex F. Aids to navigation in Betio Port ...................................................................................31 Pacific Safety of Navigation Project: iii Risk assessment for Betio Port, Tarawa, Kiribati Executive summary Kiribati is a signatory to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), of which Chapter V Regulation 13.1 requires the contracting governments to provide “such Aids to Navigation (AtoN) as the volume of traffic justifies and the degree of risk requires.” Kiribati is one of the 13 targeted Pacific Island countries and territories of the Pacific Safety of Navigation Project implemented by the Pacific Community (SPC)and funded by the International Foundation for Aids to Navigation (IFAN), whose aim is to improve safety of navigation in the Pacific region through enhanced AtoN capacity and systems. During Phase 1 of the project, in 2017, the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) and SPC developed the simplified IALA risk assessment tool (SIRA), a simple qualitative tool to enable smaller states to meet their international obligation of providing AtoN by conducting waterways risk assessments. During Phase 2 of the project, in September 2018 SPC conducted a risk assessment of the Betio port area using the SIRA tool. This report details the risks identified, the estimated costs in the event of an incident, the risk control options suggested, and their costs. Betio is the major international port in Kiribati, and was therefore identified as a priority for the risk assessment by the Ministry of Information, Communication, Transport and Tourism Development (MICTTD). The port consists of one domestic jetty, one patrol boat jetty and one international jetty. During peak fishing season the port accommodates around 15 fishing vessels, including motherships; most of these ships stay in the anchorage area and do not come alongside the wharf. There are 10 domestic ferry service providers in Kiribati. The Police Marine Division operates a Pacific-class patrol boat. No cruise ships and an average of one yacht call at the port each year. Kiribati’s maritime stakeholders identified ten possible scenarios: four groundings in the vicinity of Betio Port, two allisions, one foundering, two structural failure scenarios and one other scenario. Upon discussion with the AtoN officer, from the ten possible scenarios six were further assessed for risk control options. For each scenario, the cost of the incident was estimated and a risk score was given, taking into account the probability of the incident happening and its potential impact on the country. Risk control options were then identified. The risk scores for the scenarios under the current situation were then compared with the new risk scores if the risk control options were put in place. Pacific Safety of Navigation Project: 1 Risk assessment for Betio Port, Tarawa, Kiribati New Risk Scenario Risk control option risk score score Grounding of vessels on the 8 m unmarked shoal 6 Install a port-hand lit buoy on the shoal 2 at the port-hand side of the channel entrance, especially at night Grounding of vessels at the
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