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India Construction Materials Database of Embodied Energy and Global DRAFTIndia Construction Materials Database of Embodied Energy and Global Environmental Indicators for Materials Warming Potential Methodology & Results VersionMETHODOLOGY 1.0 REPORT NOVEMBER 30, 2017 Strictly Not for Public Distribution In partnership with European Union European Union Page intentionally left blank Co-Funded by the European Union 2 ABOUT IFC IFC, a member of the World Bank Group, is the largest global development institution focused on the private sector in emerging markets. Working with more than 2,000 businesses worldwide, we use our capital, expertise, and influence to create markets and opportunities in the toughest areas of the world. In FY17, we delivered a record $19.3 billion in long-term financing for developing countries, leveraging the power of the private sector to help end poverty and boost shared prosperity. For more information, visit www.ifc.org DISCLAIMER The material in this work is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. IFC encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly, and when the reproduction is for educational and non-commercial purposes, without a fee, subject to such attributions and notices as we may reasonably require. This database was developed by thinkstep on behalf of IFC for the Eco-cities in India program. This multi-year climate-change focused program is supported by the European Union. IFC does not guarantee the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of the content included in this work, or for the conclusions or judgments described herein, and accepts no responsibility or liability for any omissions or errors (including, without limitation, typographical errors and technical errors) in the content whatsoever or for reliance thereon. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of the World Bank Group concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of the World Bank Group or the governments they represent. The contents of this work are intended for general informational purposes only and are not intended to constitute legal, securities, or investment advice, an opinion regarding the appropriateness of any investment, or a solicitation of any type. IFC or its affiliates may have an investment in, provide other advice or services to, or otherwise have a financial interest in, certain of the companies and parties (including named herein). International Finance Corporation is an international organization established by Articles of Agreement among its member countries, and a member of the World Bank Group. All names, logos and trademarks are the property of IFC and you may not use any of such materials for any purpose without the express written consent of IFC. Additionally, “International Finance Corporation” and “IFC” are registered trademarks of IFC and are protected under international law. November 2017 Co-Funded by the European Union 3 Page intentionally left blank Co-Funded by the European Union 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................................................................................. 5 LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 LIST OF FIGURES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 I. INTRODUCING THE INDIA CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS DATABASE ............................................................ 7 A. Why is the database required? ...................................................................................................................................... 7 B. What are the benefits of a construction materials database? ................................................................................... 7 C. How has the database been developed? ..................................................................................................................... 8 II. MATERIALS INCLUDED IN THE INDIA CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS DATABASE ....................................... 9 III. APPROACH ....................................................................................................................................................................13 A. Stakeholder engagement ..............................................................................................................................................13 B. Environmental indicators reported ...............................................................................................................................15 C. Software and database .................................................................................................................................................17 D. System boundaries ........................................................................................................................................................17 E. Declared unit and reference flow .................................................................................................................................18 F. Data selection .................................................................................................................................................................18 G. Representativeness of data ..........................................................................................................................................19 IV. OVERVIEW OF THE MODELING PROCESS ..........................................................................................................20 H. Electricity and fuels ........................................................................................................................................................20 I. Waste treatment .............................................................................................................................................................21 V. DETAILED MODELING APPROACH FOR EACH MATERIAL ..............................................................................23 A. Concrete and cement-based materials .......................................................................................................................23 B. Gypsum based products ...............................................................................................................................................35 C. Metals and metal products............................................................................................................................................38 D. Glass ................................................................................................................................................................................43 E. Ceramics and clay-based products .............................................................................................................................43 F. Plastics and polymer-based products .........................................................................................................................47 G. Timber and wood-based products ...............................................................................................................................50 H. Insulation materials ........................................................................................................................................................55 I. Soil, mud and earth-based products ...........................................................................................................................57 J. Other natural products ...................................................................................................................................................58 VI. APPLICABLE STANDARDS ........................................................................................................................................59 References ...........................................................................................................................................................................................60 Annex A: Embodied Energy and Global Warming Potential Results ................................................................................................67 Annex B: Detailed Embodied Energy Results .......................................................................................................................................70 Annex C: Detailed Global Warming Potential Results..........................................................................................................................75 Co-Funded by the European Union 5 Annex D: Results for Other Impact Categories......................................................................................................................................80 Annex E: Priority Material Questionnaires and Stakeholder Responses ..........................................................................................85
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