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Araneae: Lycosidae) from Canada: a Morphological Description Supported by DNA Barcoding of 19 Congeners

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Zootaxa 3894 (1): 152–160 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.12 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:66AD348F-5A04-4A9F-ADC5-501B4B10804F A new species of Alopecosa (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Canada: a morphological description supported by DNA barcoding of 19 congeners GERGIN A. BLAGOEV1 & CHARLES D. DONDALE2 1 Research Associate, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, [email protected] 2 Retiree, Biodiversity Program, Research Branch, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, [email protected] Abstract A new species, Alopecosa koponeni sp. n., is described from the Arctic part of Manitoba. Individuals of A. koponeni most resemble those of A. pictilis (Emerton, 1885), but are smaller than the latter and differ in the epiginum and in colour pattern in both sexes. DNA barcode results show an interspecific distance of 0.93 between A. koponeni sp. n. and A. pictilis, a shallow genetic divergence that suggests a recent separation. Introduction Spiders of the Canadian Arctic are becoming better known through recent collecting efforts and through published revisions such as those by Dupérré (2013), Marusik et al. (2006), Marusik & Koponen (2001), Saaristo & Koponen (1998), and Saaristo & Marusik (2004). Additionally, two recent checklists also included arctic species (Buckle et al. 2001; Paquin et al. 2010) and a recent study on the spiders of Churchill revealed an undescribed species of Alopecosa, which was given the interim name Alopecosa sp. 1GAB (Blagoev et al. 2013). Among all 120 valid genera of Lycosidae, Alopecosa Simon, 1885 is the fifth largest genus (Platnick 2014). Roughly 75% of Alopecosa are restricted to Eurasia, and 9% have a typical Holarctic or Palearctic distribution. To date, only seven species of Alopecosa are known from the Nearctic. Based on copulatory organs, these seven species are divided into three main species groups; Alopecosa pulverulenta group, Alopecosa exasperans group, and Alopecosa solivaga group (Dondale, Redner 1979, 1990). Using morphological and molecular evidence, we describe a new species belonging to the Alopecosa solivaga species group from arctic tundra at Churchill, Manitoba. Methods Collecting methods All ten specimens of A. koponeni sp. n. were collected during the snow-free months near Churchill (Fig. 1) using pitfall traps. The traps were placed in the soil between moss substrates around the rocks and temporary ponds close to the marine shoreline. Spiders were removed twice weekly from the traps. All specimens were then preserved in fresh 95% ethanol and are now deposited in the Canadian National Collection of Insects & Arachnids, Ottawa, Ontario (CNC), and the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario (BIO), University of Guelph. The species locality map (Fig. 1) was created with SimpleMappr, http://www.simplemappr.net (Shorthouse 2010). All measurements are given in mm. Molecular methods For comparative molecular analysis, COI sequences from 341 specimens from 18 Alopecosa species were used to explore relationships (Table 1, Fig. 8). The DNA barcoding protocols were replicated, following Blagoev et al. (2013). 152 Accepted by C. Vink: 28 Oct. 2014; published: 11 Dec. 2014 Sloan, Kadir Kunt, Lars Hendrich, Maria Naumova, Marko Mutanen, Monica Young, Robb Bennett, Stoyan Lazarov, Suzanne Bateson, Vadim Zolotuhin, Yuri Alekseenko, and Yuri Marusik. We are grateful to Cor Vink and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED Blagoev, G.A., Nikolova, N.I., Sobel, C.N., Hebert, P.D.N. & Adamowicz, S.J. (2013) Spiders (Araneae) of Churchill, Manitoba: DNA barcodes and morphology reveal high species diversity and new Canadian records. BMC Ecology, 13, 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-13-44 Buckle, D.J., Carroll, D., Crawford, R.L. & Roth, V.D. (2001) Linyphiidae and Pimoidae of America north of Mexico: checklist, synonymy, and literature. Fabreries, Supplement 10, 89–191. Dondale, C.D. & Redner J.H. (1979) Revision of the wolf spider genus Alopecosa Simon in North America (Araneae: Lycosidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 111, 1033–1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/Ent1111033-9 Dondale, C.D. & Redner, J.H. (1990) The insects and arachnids of Canada, Part 17. The wolf spiders, nurseryweb spiders, and lynx spiders of Canada and Alaska, Araneae: Lycosidae, Pisauridae, and Oxyopidae. Research Branch Agriculture Canada Publication, 1856, 1–383. Dupérré, N. (2013) Taxonomic revision of the spider genera Agyneta and Tennesseellum (Araneae, Linyphiidae) of North America north of Mexico with a study of the embolic division within Micronetinae sensu Saaristo & Tanasevitch 1996. Zootaxa, 3674 (1), 1–189. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3674.1.1 Esyunin, S.L. & Tuneva, T.K. (2012) On two rare spider species of the genus Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Aranei: Lycosidae) from the south Urals. Arthropoda Selecta, 21, 269–272. Hebert P.D.N., Ratnasingham S. & deWaard, J.R. (2003) Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species. Proceedings of the Royal Society, 270 (B), S596–S599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2003.0025 Kimura, M. (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 16, 111–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01731581 Kronestedt, T. (1990) Separation of two species standing as Alopecosa aculeata (Clerck) by morphological, behavioural and ecological characters, with remarks on related species in the pulverulenta group (Araneae, Lycosidae). Zoologica Scripta, 19, 203–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1990.tb00256.x Logunov, D.V. (2013) A new species of the genus Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Aranei: Lycosidae) from south-east Kazakhstan. Arthropoda Selecta, 22, 163–169. Lugetti, G. & Tongiorgi, P. (1969) Ricerche sul genere Alopecosa Simon (Araneae-Lycosidae). Atti della Società Toscana de Scienze Naturali di Pisa, 76, 1–100. Marusik, Y.M., Gnelitsa, V.A. & Koponen, S. (2006) A survey of Holarctic Linyphiidae (Aranei). 4. A review of the erigonine genus Lophomma Menge, 1868. Arthropoda Selecta, 15, 153–171. Marusik, Y.M. & Koponen, S. (2001) Revision of the Holarctic spider genus Procerocymbium Eskov 1989 (Araneae: Linyphiidae). Acta Arachnologia (Tokyo), 50 (2), 145–156. http://dx.doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.50.145 Marusik, Y.M., Logunov, D.V. & Koponen, S. (2000) Spiders of Tuva, south Siberia. Institute for Biological Problems of the North, Magadan, 253 pp. Mutanen, M., Hausmann, A., Hebert, P.D.N., Landry, J-.F., deWaard, J.R. & Huemer, P. (2012) Allopatry as a Gordian knot for taxonomists: Patterns of DNA barcode divergence in arctic-alpine Lepidoptera. PLoS One, 7 (Supplement10), e47214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047214 Nazari, V., Larsen T.B., Lees, D.C., Brattström, O., Bouyer, T., Van de Poel, G. & Hebert, P.D.N. (2011) Phylogenetic systematics of Colotis and associated genera (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): evolutionary and taxonomic implications. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 49, 204–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2011.00620.x Paquin, P., Buckle, D.J., Dupérré, N. & Dondale, C.D. (2010) Checklist of the spiders (Araneae) of Canada and Alaska. Zootaxa, 2461, 1–170. Platnick, N.I. (2014) The world spider catalog, version 15. American Museum of Natural History. Available from: http:// research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html (Accessed 3 July 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/db.iz.0001 Ratnasingham, S. & Hebert, P.D.N. (2007) BOLD : The Barcode of Life Data System. Molecular Ecology Notes, 7, 355–364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01678.x NEW WOLF SPIDER FROM ARCTIC CANADA Zootaxa 3894 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 159 Saaristo, M.I. & Koponen, S. (1998) A review of the northern Canadian spiders of the genus Agyneta (Araneae: Linyphiidae), with descriptions of two new species. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76 (3), 566–583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-217 Saaristo, M.I. & Marusik, Y.M. (2004) [“2003”] Revision of the Holarctic spider genus Oreoneta Kulczyński, 1894 (Arachnida: Aranei: Linyphiidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 12 (3/4), 207–249. Sauer, J. & Hausdorf, B. (2010) Reconstructing the evolutionary history of the radiation of the land snail genus Xerocrassaonon Crete based on mitochondrial sequences and AFLP markers. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10, 1–299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-10-299 Savelyeva, L.G. (1972) New and little-known species of spiders of the fam. Lycosidae (Aranei) from the East Kazakhstan region. Entomologicheskoe obozrenie, 51, 454–462. Shorthouse, D.P. (2010) SimpleMappr, an online tool to produce publication-quality point maps. Available from: http:// www.simplemappr.net (Accessed 28 July 2014) Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A. & Kumar, S. (2013) MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30, 2725–2729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197 160 · Zootaxa 3894 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press BLAGOEV & DONDALE.
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    Ekologie Pavouků a Sekáčů Na Specifických Biotopech V Lesích

    UNIVERZITA PALACKÉHO V OLOMOUCI Přírodovědecká fakulta Katedra ekologie a životního prostředí Ekologie pavouků a sekáčů na specifických biotopech v lesích Ondřej Machač DOKTORSKÁ DISERTAČNÍ PRÁCE Školitel: doc. RNDr. Mgr. Ivan Hadrián Tuf, Ph.D. Olomouc 2021 Prohlašuji, že jsem doktorskou práci sepsal sám s využitím mých vlastních či spoluautorských výsledků. ………………………………… © Ondřej Machač, 2021 Machač O. (2021): Ekologie pavouků a sekáčů na specifických biotopech v lesích s[doktorská di ertační práce]. Univerzita Palackého, Přírodovědecká fakulta, Katedra ekologie a životního prostředí, Olomouc, 35 s., v češtině. ABSTRAKT Pavoukovci jsou ekologicky velmi různorodou skupinou, obývají téměř všechny biotopy a často jsou specializovaní na specifický biotop nebo dokonce mikrobiotop. Mezi specifické biotopy patří také kmeny a dutiny stromů, ptačí budky a biotopy ovlivněné hnízděním kormoránů. Ve své dizertační práci jsem se zabýval ekologií společenstev pavouků a sekáčů na těchto specifických biotopech. V první studii jsme se zabývali společenstvy pavouků a sekáčů na kmenech stromů na dvou odlišných biotopech, v lužním lese a v městské zeleni. Zabývali jsme se také jednotlivými společenstvy na kmenech různých druhů stromů a srovnáním tří jednoduchých sběrných metod – upravené padací pasti, lepového a kartonového pásu. Ve druhé studii jsme se zabývali arachnofaunou dutin starých dubů za pomocí dvou sběrných metod (padací past v dutině a nárazová past u otvoru dutiny) na stromech v lužním lese a solitérních stromech na loukách a také srovnáním společenstev v dutinách na živých a odumřelých stromech. Ve třetí studii jsme se zabývali společenstvem pavouků zimujících v ptačích budkách v nížinném lužním lese a vlivem vybraných faktorů prostředí na jejich početnosti. Zabývali jsme se také znovuosídlováním ptačích budek pavouky v průběhu zimy v závislosti na teplotě a vlivem hnízdního materiálu v budce na početnosti a druhové spektrum pavouků.
  • Stones on the Ground in Olive Groves Promote the Presence of Spiders (Araneae)

    Stones on the Ground in Olive Groves Promote the Presence of Spiders (Araneae)

    EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGYENTOMOLOGY ISSN (online): 1802-8829 Eur. J. Entomol. 115: 372–379, 2018 http://www.eje.cz doi: 10.14411/eje.2018.037 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Stones on the ground in olive groves promote the presence of spiders (Araneae) JACINTO BENHADI-MARÍN 1, 2, JOSÉ A. PEREIRA1, JOSÉ A. BARRIENTOS 3, JOSÉ P. SOUSA2 and SÓNIA A.P. SANTOS 4, 5 1 Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), ESA, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal; e-mails: [email protected], [email protected] 2 Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; e-mail: [email protected] 3 Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain; e-mail: [email protected] 4 CIQuiBio, Barreiro School of Technology, Polytechnic Institute of Setúbal, Rua Américo da Silva Marinho, 2839-001 Lavradio, Portugal; e-mail: [email protected] 5 LEAF, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal Key words. Araneae, biological control, ground hunter, predator, abundance, diversity, shelter Abstract. Spiders are generalist predators that contribute to the control of pests in agroecosystems. Land use management determines habitats including refuges for hibernation and aestivation. The availability of shelters on the ground can be crucial for maintaining populations of spider within crops. We studied the effect of the number of stones on the surface of the soil on the spi- der community in selected olive groves in Trás-os-Montes (northeastern Portugal).