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Araneae: Lycosidae) from Canada: a Morphological Description Supported by DNA Barcoding of 19 Congeners

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Araneae: Lycosidae) from Canada: a Morphological Description Supported by DNA Barcoding of 19 Congeners Zootaxa 3894 (1): 152–160 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3894.1.12 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:66AD348F-5A04-4A9F-ADC5-501B4B10804F A new species of Alopecosa (Araneae: Lycosidae) from Canada: a morphological description supported by DNA barcoding of 19 congeners GERGIN A. BLAGOEV1 & CHARLES D. DONDALE2 1 Research Associate, Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, [email protected] 2 Retiree, Biodiversity Program, Research Branch, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, [email protected] Abstract A new species, Alopecosa koponeni sp. n., is described from the Arctic part of Manitoba. Individuals of A. koponeni most resemble those of A. pictilis (Emerton, 1885), but are smaller than the latter and differ in the epiginum and in colour pattern in both sexes. DNA barcode results show an interspecific distance of 0.93 between A. koponeni sp. n. and A. pictilis, a shallow genetic divergence that suggests a recent separation. Introduction Spiders of the Canadian Arctic are becoming better known through recent collecting efforts and through published revisions such as those by Dupérré (2013), Marusik et al. (2006), Marusik & Koponen (2001), Saaristo & Koponen (1998), and Saaristo & Marusik (2004). Additionally, two recent checklists also included arctic species (Buckle et al. 2001; Paquin et al. 2010) and a recent study on the spiders of Churchill revealed an undescribed species of Alopecosa, which was given the interim name Alopecosa sp. 1GAB (Blagoev et al. 2013). Among all 120 valid genera of Lycosidae, Alopecosa Simon, 1885 is the fifth largest genus (Platnick 2014). Roughly 75% of Alopecosa are restricted to Eurasia, and 9% have a typical Holarctic or Palearctic distribution. To date, only seven species of Alopecosa are known from the Nearctic. Based on copulatory organs, these seven species are divided into three main species groups; Alopecosa pulverulenta group, Alopecosa exasperans group, and Alopecosa solivaga group (Dondale, Redner 1979, 1990). Using morphological and molecular evidence, we describe a new species belonging to the Alopecosa solivaga species group from arctic tundra at Churchill, Manitoba. Methods Collecting methods All ten specimens of A. koponeni sp. n. were collected during the snow-free months near Churchill (Fig. 1) using pitfall traps. The traps were placed in the soil between moss substrates around the rocks and temporary ponds close to the marine shoreline. Spiders were removed twice weekly from the traps. All specimens were then preserved in fresh 95% ethanol and are now deposited in the Canadian National Collection of Insects & Arachnids, Ottawa, Ontario (CNC), and the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario (BIO), University of Guelph. The species locality map (Fig. 1) was created with SimpleMappr, http://www.simplemappr.net (Shorthouse 2010). All measurements are given in mm. Molecular methods For comparative molecular analysis, COI sequences from 341 specimens from 18 Alopecosa species were used to explore relationships (Table 1, Fig. 8). The DNA barcoding protocols were replicated, following Blagoev et al. (2013). 152 Accepted by C. Vink: 28 Oct. 2014; published: 11 Dec. 2014 Sloan, Kadir Kunt, Lars Hendrich, Maria Naumova, Marko Mutanen, Monica Young, Robb Bennett, Stoyan Lazarov, Suzanne Bateson, Vadim Zolotuhin, Yuri Alekseenko, and Yuri Marusik. We are grateful to Cor Vink and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED Blagoev, G.A., Nikolova, N.I., Sobel, C.N., Hebert, P.D.N. & Adamowicz, S.J. (2013) Spiders (Araneae) of Churchill, Manitoba: DNA barcodes and morphology reveal high species diversity and new Canadian records. BMC Ecology, 13, 1–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6785-13-44 Buckle, D.J., Carroll, D., Crawford, R.L. & Roth, V.D. (2001) Linyphiidae and Pimoidae of America north of Mexico: checklist, synonymy, and literature. Fabreries, Supplement 10, 89–191. Dondale, C.D. & Redner J.H. (1979) Revision of the wolf spider genus Alopecosa Simon in North America (Araneae: Lycosidae). The Canadian Entomologist, 111, 1033–1055. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/Ent1111033-9 Dondale, C.D. & Redner, J.H. (1990) The insects and arachnids of Canada, Part 17. The wolf spiders, nurseryweb spiders, and lynx spiders of Canada and Alaska, Araneae: Lycosidae, Pisauridae, and Oxyopidae. Research Branch Agriculture Canada Publication, 1856, 1–383. Dupérré, N. (2013) Taxonomic revision of the spider genera Agyneta and Tennesseellum (Araneae, Linyphiidae) of North America north of Mexico with a study of the embolic division within Micronetinae sensu Saaristo & Tanasevitch 1996. Zootaxa, 3674 (1), 1–189. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3674.1.1 Esyunin, S.L. & Tuneva, T.K. (2012) On two rare spider species of the genus Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Aranei: Lycosidae) from the south Urals. Arthropoda Selecta, 21, 269–272. Hebert P.D.N., Ratnasingham S. & deWaard, J.R. (2003) Barcoding animal life: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 divergences among closely related species. Proceedings of the Royal Society, 270 (B), S596–S599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2003.0025 Kimura, M. (1980) A simple method for estimating evolutionary rate of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal of Molecular Evolution, 16, 111–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01731581 Kronestedt, T. (1990) Separation of two species standing as Alopecosa aculeata (Clerck) by morphological, behavioural and ecological characters, with remarks on related species in the pulverulenta group (Araneae, Lycosidae). Zoologica Scripta, 19, 203–225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1990.tb00256.x Logunov, D.V. (2013) A new species of the genus Alopecosa Simon, 1885 (Aranei: Lycosidae) from south-east Kazakhstan. Arthropoda Selecta, 22, 163–169. Lugetti, G. & Tongiorgi, P. (1969) Ricerche sul genere Alopecosa Simon (Araneae-Lycosidae). Atti della Società Toscana de Scienze Naturali di Pisa, 76, 1–100. Marusik, Y.M., Gnelitsa, V.A. & Koponen, S. (2006) A survey of Holarctic Linyphiidae (Aranei). 4. A review of the erigonine genus Lophomma Menge, 1868. Arthropoda Selecta, 15, 153–171. Marusik, Y.M. & Koponen, S. (2001) Revision of the Holarctic spider genus Procerocymbium Eskov 1989 (Araneae: Linyphiidae). Acta Arachnologia (Tokyo), 50 (2), 145–156. http://dx.doi.org/10.2476/asjaa.50.145 Marusik, Y.M., Logunov, D.V. & Koponen, S. (2000) Spiders of Tuva, south Siberia. Institute for Biological Problems of the North, Magadan, 253 pp. Mutanen, M., Hausmann, A., Hebert, P.D.N., Landry, J-.F., deWaard, J.R. & Huemer, P. (2012) Allopatry as a Gordian knot for taxonomists: Patterns of DNA barcode divergence in arctic-alpine Lepidoptera. PLoS One, 7 (Supplement10), e47214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0047214 Nazari, V., Larsen T.B., Lees, D.C., Brattström, O., Bouyer, T., Van de Poel, G. & Hebert, P.D.N. (2011) Phylogenetic systematics of Colotis and associated genera (Lepidoptera: Pieridae): evolutionary and taxonomic implications. Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 49, 204–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0469.2011.00620.x Paquin, P., Buckle, D.J., Dupérré, N. & Dondale, C.D. (2010) Checklist of the spiders (Araneae) of Canada and Alaska. Zootaxa, 2461, 1–170. Platnick, N.I. (2014) The world spider catalog, version 15. American Museum of Natural History. Available from: http:// research.amnh.org/entomology/spiders/catalog/index.html (Accessed 3 July 2014) http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/db.iz.0001 Ratnasingham, S. & Hebert, P.D.N. (2007) BOLD : The Barcode of Life Data System. Molecular Ecology Notes, 7, 355–364. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.01678.x NEW WOLF SPIDER FROM ARCTIC CANADA Zootaxa 3894 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press · 159 Saaristo, M.I. & Koponen, S. (1998) A review of the northern Canadian spiders of the genus Agyneta (Araneae: Linyphiidae), with descriptions of two new species. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 76 (3), 566–583. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z97-217 Saaristo, M.I. & Marusik, Y.M. (2004) [“2003”] Revision of the Holarctic spider genus Oreoneta Kulczyński, 1894 (Arachnida: Aranei: Linyphiidae). Arthropoda Selecta, 12 (3/4), 207–249. Sauer, J. & Hausdorf, B. (2010) Reconstructing the evolutionary history of the radiation of the land snail genus Xerocrassaonon Crete based on mitochondrial sequences and AFLP markers. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 10, 1–299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-10-299 Savelyeva, L.G. (1972) New and little-known species of spiders of the fam. Lycosidae (Aranei) from the East Kazakhstan region. Entomologicheskoe obozrenie, 51, 454–462. Shorthouse, D.P. (2010) SimpleMappr, an online tool to produce publication-quality point maps. Available from: http:// www.simplemappr.net (Accessed 28 July 2014) Tamura, K., Stecher, G., Peterson, D., Filipski, A. & Kumar, S. (2013) MEGA6: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 6.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 30, 2725–2729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/mst197 160 · Zootaxa 3894 (1) © 2014 Magnolia Press BLAGOEV & DONDALE.
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