á NERC Copyright 2002 Printed in 2002 by Ashford Overload 5 n ices Ltd. LSBN1 870393 63 5 The Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (GEM is one of the Centres and •Surveys of th e Natural Environment Research Council N ERO . Established in 1994. CEH is a multi-discipl inary, environmental research organisation with some 600 staff and well-equipped laboratories and field facilities at ten sites throughout the United Kingdom. CEI-I's mission is to ' advance the science of ecology, environmental microbiology and hydrology through high quality and internationally recognised research leading to better understanding and quantification of the physical, chemical and biological processes relating to land and freshwater and living organisms within these environmente , CEH provides independent research tO inform government policy o n na tu r al resource • management and environmental protection, and to raise public awareness of emdronmental issues. Major developments in commissioned research funded by Govern ment have taken Place in several areas of Public concern, such as fl ood risk estimation and flood forecasting risk assessment of genetically nmdified crops, the ecological effects of endocrine disruptors and the ecological impacts and drivers of land use change. CBI i 's reseamh is financed by the UK Go vern ment through the science budget, and by private and public sector customers -wh o Co m m i ssi o n Or sponsor specifi c research programme& CEH's expertise is also widely used by internacional organisations in overseas collaborative pinject& The resuks of CEH research are available to those responsible for the protection management and wise use of our natural resources being publ ished in a w ide range of scientific journals and other publication& The CU T An nual Report contains more general informatiom For further information, visit wenLsela c..uk The Biological Records Centre is operated by CEH, as part of the Environmental Information Centre based at CCM Monks Wood, BRC is jointly funded by CEI1 and the Joint Nature Conservittion Committee (S cc.gat alk) the latter acting on behalf of the statutory nature consena tion agencies in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland CH I and JNCC support BRC as an important component of the developing National BiodiVersity Nem o& BRC seeks to helP natural ists and research biologists LO co-ordinate their eff orts in studying the occurrence of plants and animals in Britain and Ireland, and to make the results of these studies available to others. Published kv Biological Records Gent re CPR fi p u bs Wood Abbots S on Huntingdon Cam bs PES 21S Tel: 0148 7 77240 0 Fa r 0148 7 773467 m ow brc.ac.uk Cov er i ll ustration: mal e P0ponocraniw n ludicrum by ich el Roberts 5-9S . L44 C1410) ci ra i- 4- 5- - 220 0 1 Centre for Ecology & Hydrology N ATU RA L EN V IRON MEN T RESEARCH CO U N CI L P r o vis io na l A tla s of Br itis h sp id er s (Arachnida, Araneae), Vo lu m e 1 Co mp ile d a nd ed ited by Peter R . Ha r vey, Da vid R . Nei list & Mark G. Telfer Desk -top p ublis hing by P eter R . H a r vey To Clifford Smith , w ith out w h o m th e Sp ider Reco rd in g Sch em e an d th is Pr ov ision al Atlas would n ot h ave reach ed fr uition . J O I N T NATURE CONSERVATION COMMITTEE Citatio n in fo rm atio n Harvey, P.R., Nel list, D.A. & Te ller, M.G. (eds) 2002. Pro visional atla s of British sp iders (Arachn ida, A raneae) , Volu mes 1 & 2 Hu ntingdon : Biologica l Records Centre . CON TEN TS VOLUME 1 Pag e FOREWORD INTROD UCTION Th e Spid er Recording Scheme Notes on the species accounts and maps 2 Coverage 4 Validation Hab itat data Conservation Hymenoptera and Diptera as natural enemies of British sp iders 9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 11 SYSTEMATIC LIST 15 SPECIES ACCOUNTS AND MAPS: ATYPIDAE TO LINYPHIIDAE 21 VOLUME 2 SPECIES ACCOUNTS AND MAPS: TETRAGNATR IDAE TO SALTICIDAE 215 REFERENCES 389 SPECIES INDEX 397 á F OR E WOR D Spiders are among the most easily recognizable invertebrates and there must be few pe ople in Britain who have not encountered evidence of them: a hairy sp ider in the bath, a cobweb in the cornice or the bejewelled webs of a dewy morning in autumn. Despite the abundant evidence of spiders, only a few specialists are familiar with all the British species and their ecological requirements. To identify most spiders requires skill and a microscope, so they are unlikely to gain the po pularity of groups such as dragonflies or the larger moths, but that is no reason for ecologists and conservationists to overlook them. As with any group , the ability to identify species, to define their habitat preferences and to document their geographical occurrence are the three crucial elements in being able to decide priorities in nature conservation and ecological and biogeographic research. With this Atlas, the last two elements fall into place . British naturalists have a long tradition of interest in spiders, with several landmark publications on the identification of species, for example by Blackwall 0 861-4), 0 . Pickard- Cambridge (1879-81), Locket and Millidge (1951, 1953), Locket, Millidge and Merrett (1974) and Roberts (1985, 1987, 1995). Understanding of the behaviour of spiders, and their ecology and distribution in Britain has bee n less well documented although Bristowe made memo rable contributions with The Com ity of Spiders (1939, 1941) and The World of Spiders (1958). The only previous attempts to summarize the national distribution of species have been at a county scale, first by Bristowe in Volume 1 of The Com ity of Spiders, and updated by Locket, Millidge and Merrett (1974). Bristowe (1939) was the first to give a dot distribution map , for Pholcus phala ngioides, but based on localities rather than grid sq uares. As with many groups of invertebrates, information about the geograp hical distribution, hab itat preferences and ecology of spiders in Britain has been acquired by long experience in the field and by sharing experience informally with others. By describing the ecology and distribution of British spiders, this A tlas, de spite its 'p rovisional' title, fills two important gaps in the literature . I particularly welcome this publication because I have long felt that the ecological information about sp iders could be, and should be, summarized to accompany the excellent guides to identification. To be ab le to ach ieve this through an Atlas published by the Biological Records Centre (BRC) is all the more pleasing. I am certain that this atlas will lead to mo re and better spider recording. BRC will be working with the British Arachnological Society and the Spider Recording Scheme to take advantage of the opportunities presented by the National Biod iversity Network (NBN). Indeed , together we have already pioneered use of the NBN's internet Gateway to validate the maps and species accounts for this Atlas. The compilers, authors and editors deserve all credit for what they have achieved with this publication, but they would be the first to ad mit that it is not complete. When new species are found , species ranges are discovered to be different or changing, and more is found out about the habitat preferences of species, they will welcome this new knowledge . We are all reconciled to the fact that the study of organisms is dynamic and never complete; perhaps this is a contributory factor in the legenda ry longevity of arachnologists! Paul T Harding MBE BRC, October 2001 á IN TR OD UCTI ON Spiders are a fascinating gro up of invertebrates which expe rienced workers. In 1982 he privately produced A n have always be en studied by a small group of people. Atlas of Yorkshire Spiders, the first county atlas of sp ider Howeve r, the publication of British Spiders (Locket & distributions. The Atlas, with all the maps generated by Mi Ridge 1951, 1953; Locke t et al. 1974), the formation of hand , represented a monumen tal amo unt of work for a the Flatford Mill Spider Group and The British Spider very large county. He became the National Organise r at Study Group an d the subsequent development of the the establishment of the National Spider Recording British Arachn ological Society provided the first fum Scheme (SRS) in April 1987, and continued until ill basis for the study of arachnology in the latter half of hea lth forced his retirement from this impo rtant function the twentieth century. Th e publication of a photographic in 1993. Clifford cajoled and encouraged us into field guide by Dick Jones (Jones 1983) and then the collecting more spiders and feeding our records into the massively important mod em comprehensive system. David Nel list took over from Clifford and carried identification work by Mike Roberts (Roberts 1985; 1987) on until 1999 when he decided it was time to enjoy his provided bu dding arachnologists with the tools to retirement! Peter Harvey took over as National Organ iser reliably identify most species of spider to be found in at that time, although David has continued to be greatly Britain. Dr Peter Merrett initiated the mapping of the involved in the pro duction of the Provisional Atlas. distribution of British spiders on an administrative county basis in Locket et al. (1974) and has periodically The Provisional Atlas provides a great amount of published New County Record updates in the British information not previously available to arachnologists.