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The Role of Women in Decision Making Areas at Addis Ababa Football Federation

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The Role of Women in Decision Making Areas at Addis Ababa Football Federation The Role of Women in Decision Making Areas at Addis Ababa Football Federation Girum Bahiru A Thesis Submitted to The Department of Sport Science Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree of Master of Science in Sport Science Addis Ababa University Addis Ababa, Ethiopia JUNE 2018 G.C. Addis Ababa UNIVERSITY School of Graduate Studies This is to Certify that the Thesis Prepared by Girum Bahiru, Entitled: The Role of Women in Decision Making Areas at Addis Ababa Football Federation And Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of Degree of Master Science in Sport Science Complies with the Regulations of the University and Meets the Accepted Standards with Respect to Originality and Quality. Signed by Examining Committee: Examiner ____________________Signature ____________Date _____________ (Internal) Examiner ____________________Signature ___________Date _____________ (External) Advisor _____________________Signature ____________Date ____________ ACKNOWLEGMENTS First of all I would like to thank the almighty God, who helps me to reach at this level, secondly I would like to express my sincere appreciation and thanks to my advisor Dr. Tesfay Asgedom for the most valuable and critical comments and advice he has given and for his fatherly approach throughout the period of this study. And I would like to present special thanks for instructor walelign for his useful comments of this thesis without payment. Thirdly I would like to express my deepest gratitude for Addis Ababa women football coaches, referees and its administrative staff who cooperates in responding the questionnaires and interview during collection of data. Lastly, I would like to thank my wife, family and friends. GIRUM BAHIRU Declaration I here declare that this thesis was the result of my own original work and all sources of materials used for this thesis have been duly acknowledged. This thesis was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the award of masters of Science in sport science with the specialization of football. I confidentially declare that this thesis has not been submitted by any institutions or university for the award of any academic qualification. Declared by: Ato.Girum Bahiru Student Name Signature Date ID No. GSE/3940/08 Confirmed by: Dr.Tesfay Asgedom Advisor Name Signature Date Abstract The purpose of this research was to assess the role of women in decision making areas at Addis Ababa football federation. The total sample of the subject consists of 86 from Addis Ababa women‟s football referees, coaches, players and member of executive committee participants were selected purposively. To conduct this research the investigator both quantitative, qualitative and descriptive survey method were employed. In this line, the researcher used three types of data gathering tools; these are questionnaires, interview and document analysis. And the collected data presented in the form of tabulation and analyzed by deep count and percentage. The result of the study indicates that the extent of women participation in football coaches, referees were very low, and there was no women representative member at the executive committee because there were some variables/challenges which affect the participation of women in decision making areas at Addis Ababa football. The challenges includes sociocultural influence, lack of conducive environment, insufficient community, government non- governmental organization support, physiological factors, inadequate sport equipment, insufficient payment/salary, shortage of capacity building for women, fear of conflict with players, lack of opportunity to be a leader, lack of proper motivation and recognition, and presence of religious factors were the major mention problems. And in order to enhance the participation of women in the decision making areas. The researcher recommends that the stakeholders should use various strategies. Especially prepare special capacity building program from the first level up to the higher level, strengthen supervision and support methods, providing proper motivations and recognition, cover sport facilities and equipment, support women effort, empower women and create conducive environment for women were some mechanism that taken to stakeholders. Key Words: - Decision making, Coaches, Referee, Executive committee, Women, Gender, Performance, and football i Acronyms/ Abbreviations A- Agree D - Disagree EFE- Ethiopian football federation FA- football Association FIFA-federation International de football association MA- members of association SA -Strongly Agree SD - Strongly Disagree UD -Undecided WFA (Women's Football Association) WPS (Women‟s Professional Soccer) ii List of table page Table-1-2FIFA women‟s executive committee members………………………………………..18 Table 3 FIFA women‟s referees…………………………………………………………….…...19 Table 4-5 FIFA women‟s coaches..................................................................…………………...20 Table -6 Total Numbers of coaches in Addis Ababa football federation………………………..28 Table- 7 Total Number of referees in Addis Ababa football federation ………………………...29 Table- 8 Total number of executive committee members in Addis Ababa football federation…30 Table -9 The executive committee information………………………………………………….30 Table-10 Qualifications and experience of member of executive committee …………………..31 Table -11 The football referees and players information………………………………………...31 Table -12 The football coaches information……………………………………………………..33 Table - 13 Questions related to the executive committee………………………………………..34 Table -14The extent of different conditions that faced challenges for women‟s to be The member of executive committee…………………………………………………………….36 Table-15 Questions related to the football referees……………………………………………...38 Table-16 The extent of different conditions that faced challenges for Women‟s to be a football referee………………………………………………………………...40 Table-17 Questions related to the football players………………………………………………42 Table-18The extent of different conditions that Faced challenges for women to be football players……………………………………………..43 Table -19 Questions related to the football coach……………………………………………….45 Table-20 The extent of different conditions that faced challenges for women‟s to be a football coach………………………………………………………………….47 iii Table of Contents Contents Pages Chapter One 1. Introduction 1.1. Background of the study …………………………………………………………….1-2 1.2. Statement of the study ………………………………………………………………...3 1.3. Basic questions of the study …………………………………………………………..4 1.4. The objectives of the study ……………………………………………………………4 1.5. Significance of the study ……………………………………………………………..4-5 1.6. Delimitation of the study ………………………………………………………………6 1.7. Limitations of the study ……………………………………………………………….6 1.8. Definition of the operational terms ……………………………………………………6 1.9. Organization of the study ……………………………………………………………..7 Chapter Two 2. Review of related literatures 2.1. Historical background of women football………………………………......….. 8-13 2.2. FIFA and Women‟s Football …………………………………………………...13-16 2.2. Women‟s football development …………………………………………… 16-17 2.3. Role of women's on FIFA……………………………………………………17-20 2.4. Barriers to women and girls‟ participation in sport………………………….20-25 Chapter Three 3. Research Methodology 3.1 Research design……………………………………………………………… 26 3.2. Research method ……………………………………………...………… 26 3.3. Sample and sampling techniques ………………………..……………… 26 3.4. Source of data………………..……………………………………………. 26 3.5. Tools of data collection …………...……………..………………… 27 3.6. Procedures of data collection…………………………………..………….. 27 3.7. Methods of data analysis …………...…………………………………….. 28 3.8. Ethical considerations ………………………………………………….…. 28 iv Chapter Four 4. Result and Discussion 4.1. Total population of Addis Ababa football federation coaches, referees, and members of executive committee …………………………………………………...…..…….29-30 4.2. Participants information ………………………………………….…………….30-33 4.3. Result and discussion on the response of executive committee……………...…34-38 4.4. Result and discussion on the response of coaches………………………………38-42 4.5. Result and discussion on response of the referees………………………………42-46 4.6. Result and discussion on the response of players ……………………………....46-49 4.7. Result and discussion on the A.A football federation official…………………..50-51 Chapter Five 5. Summary, conclusion and recommendation 5.1 summary…………………………………………………………………………..52-53 5.2 conclusion…………………………………...……………………………………….54 5.3 recommendation…………………………………………………………………..55-56 Bibliography………………….………………………………………………………57-58 Annex v CHAPTER ONE 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of the study According to the FIFA member association 2014 yearly report, the role of women in society has evolved dramatically in recent years. We now have the responsibility to help the world of sport evolve for women, as women constitute 50% of society.The FIFA Member Associations are in the front line in facilitating the growth of women‟s football in their countries by establishing grassroots projects, creating women‟s leagues and educating everyone involved in the federations.A document prepared by FIFA describes the participation of women in football has increased and women‟s football development is in the right track with speedy momentum (FIFA, 2010). This notion might be true for countries that have good national strategic plan for the development of women‟s football at different level and implementation capacity. Despite all these efforts by FIFA and continental football federations
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